1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.160 2018/07/11 18:45:45 fcambus Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: July 11 2018 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multiprocessor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /bsd.sp 66Pure kernel executable 67for single processor machines. 68.It /dev/ 69Block and character device files. 70.Pp 71.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 72.It MAKEDEV 73Script for creating device files (see 74.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 75.It fd/ 76File descriptor files (see 77.Xr fd 4 ) . 78.El 79.It /etc/ 80System configuration files and scripts. 81.Pp 82.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 83.It localtime 84Local time zone information (see 85.Xr ctime 3 ) . 86.It X11/ 87Configuration files for the X11 window system. 88.It acme/ 89Private keys for 90.Xr acme-client 1 . 91.It amd/ 92Contains map files for 93.Xr amd 8 . 94.It authpf/ 95Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 96.Xr authpf 8 ) . 97.It examples/ 98Example configuration files for base system daemons. 99.It firmware/ 100Firmware files for various devices. 101.It fonts/ 102Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 103.It hotplug/ 104Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 105.Xr hotplugd 8 . 106.It iked/ 107Configuration files for 108.Xr iked 8 . 109.It isakmpd/ 110Configuration files for 111.Xr isakmpd 8 . 112.It ldap/ 113Certificates and schema definition files for 114.Xr ldapd 8 . 115.It mail/ 116System mail configuration files. 117.It mtree/ 118.Xr mtree 8 119configuration files. 120.It npppd/ 121.Xr npppd 8 122configuration files. 123.It ppp/ 124.Xr pppd 8 125configuration files. 126.It raddb/servers/ 127List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 128.Xr login_radius 8 . 129.It rc.d/ 130.Xr packages 7 131start/stop scripts and subroutines for 132.Xr rc 8 . 133.It signify/ 134Key files used by 135.Xr signify 1 . 136.It skel/ 137Example 138.Sq .\& 139(dot) files for new accounts. 140.It skey/ 141One-time password user database for 142.Xr skey 1 . 143.It ssh/ 144Configuration files for 145.Xr ssh 1 146and 147.Xr sshd 8 . 148.It ssl/ 149OpenSSL configuration files (see 150.Xr openssl 1 ) . 151.El 152.It /home/ 153Default location for user home directories. 154.It /mnt/ 155Empty directory commonly used by 156system administrators as a temporary mount point. 157.It /root/ 158Default home directory for the superuser. 159.It /sbin/ 160System programs and administration utilities 161fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 162These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 163system libraries to run. 164.It /tmp/ 165Temporary files that are 166.Em not 167preserved between system reboots. 168Periodically cleaned by 169.Xr daily 8 . 170.It /usr/ 171Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 172.Pp 173.Bl -tag -width "xenocara/" -compact 174.It X11R6/ 175Files required for the X11 window system. 176.Pp 177.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 178.It bin/ 179X11 binaries. 180.It include/ 181X11-specific C include files. 182.It lib/ 183X11 archive libraries. 184.Pp 185.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 186.It X11/ 187Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications. 188.It modules/ 189Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 190.It pkgconfig/ 191Package metadata for 192.Xr pkg-config 1 . 193.It xorg/ 194Data files used by the X server. 195.El 196.Pp 197.It man/ 198X11 manual pages. 199.It share/ 200Architecture independent data files. 201.El 202.Pp 203.It bin/ 204Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 205.It games/ 206Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 207.It include/ 208Standard C include files. 209.Pp 210.Bl -tag -width "libmilter/" -compact 211.It arpa/ 212C include files for Internet service protocols. 213.It crypto/ 214C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 215.It ddb/ 216C include files for the kernel debugger (see 217.Xr ddb 4 ) . 218.It dev/ 219Device-specific C include files. 220.It g++/ 221Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 222.It isofs/ 223C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 224.It machine/ 225Machine specific C include files. 226.It miscfs/ 227C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 228.It msdosfs/ 229C include files for MS-DOS file system. 230.It net/ 231Miscellaneous network C include files. 232.It net80211/ 233C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 234.It netinet/ 235C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 236.Xr inet 4 ) . 237.It netinet6/ 238C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 239.Xr inet6 4 ) . 240.It netmpls/ 241C include files for the MPLS protocol. 242.It nfs/ 243C include files for NFS (Network File System). 244.It ntfs/ 245C include files for NTFS file system. 246.It objc/ 247C include files for GNU Objective-C. 248.It openssl/ 249C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 250.Xr ssl 8 ) . 251.It protocols/ 252C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 253.It readline/ 254C include files for the 255.Xr readline 3 256library. 257.It rpc/ 258C include files for remote procedure calling (see 259.Xr rpc 5 ) . 260.It rpcsvc/ 261C include files for rpcsvc. 262.It scsi/ 263SCSI-specific C include files. 264.It sys/ 265System C include files (kernel data structures). 266.It ufs/ 267C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 268.It uvm/ 269C include files for the virtual memory interface. 270.El 271.Pp 272.It lib/ 273System libraries. 274See 275.Xr intro 3 276for a description of library types. 277.It libdata/ 278Miscellaneous utility data files. 279.Pp 280.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 281.It cvs/ 282Placeholder for user contributed 283.Xr cvs 1 284code/scripts. 285.It ldscripts/ 286ELF linker scripts. 287.It perl5/ 288Data files for 289.Xr perl 1 . 290.El 291.Pp 292.It libexec/ 293System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 294.Pp 295.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 296.It auth/ 297Login scripts used to authenticate users (for 298.Bx 299Authentication). 300.It cvs/contrib/ 301User contributed 302.Xr cvs 1 303scripts. 304.It lpr/ 305Contains the lpf filter for 306.Xr lpd 8 . 307.It radiusd/ 308Authentication modules for 309.Xr radiusd 8 . 310.El 311.Pp 312.It local/ 313Local executables, libraries, etc. 314.It mdec/ 315Boot-related executables. 316.It obj/ 317Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 318.Pa /usr/src 319tree. 320.It ports/ 321The 322.Ox 323ports collection (see 324.Xr ports 7 ) . 325.It sbin/ 326System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 327.It share/ 328Architecture independent data files. 329.Pp 330.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 331.It calendar/ 332Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 333.Xr calendar 1 ) . 334.It dict/ 335Word lists (see 336.Xr look 1 337and 338.Xr spell 1 ) . 339.Pp 340.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 341.It american 342Spellings preferred in American usage. 343.It british 344Spellings preferred in British usage. 345.It eign 346List of common words. 347.It propernames 348List of proper names. 349.It stop 350Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 351.Xr spell 1 352from words in the other files in 353.Pa /usr/share/dict , 354but should not be accepted. 355.It web2 356Words from Webster's 2nd International. 357.It web2a 358Additional words from Webster's. 359.It words 360Common words. 361.It papers/ 362Reference databases. 363.It special/ 364Custom word lists. 365.El 366.Pp 367.It doc/ 368Miscellaneous documentation. 369.It games/ 370ASCII text files used by various games. 371.It info/ 372Texinfo source files. 373.It locale/ 374Locales for multi-language support. 375.It man/ 376Manual pages. 377.Pp 378.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 379.It man1/ 380General commands (tools and utilities). 381.It man2/ 382System calls and error numbers. 383.It man3/ 384Libraries. 385.It man3p/ 386.Xr perl 1 387programmers' reference guide. 388.It man4/ 389Special files and hardware support. 390.It man5/ 391File formats. 392.It man6/ 393Games. 394.It man7/ 395Miscellaneous. 396.It man8/ 397System maintenance and operation commands. 398.It man9/ 399Kernel internals. 400.El 401.Pp 402.It misc/ 403Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 404.Pp 405.Bl -tag -width pcvtfonts/ -compact 406.It termcap 407Terminal characteristics database (see 408.Xr termcap 5 ) . 409.It pcvtfonts/ 410Additional console fonts. 411.El 412.Pp 413.It mk/ 414Templates for 415.Xr make 1 . 416.It relink/ 417Link kit for boot-time kernel and library relinking. 418.It snmp/ 419Data files for 420.Xr snmpd 8 . 421.Pp 422.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 423.It mibs/ 424Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 425.El 426.Pp 427.It tabset/ 428Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 429the termcap file (see 430.Xr termcap 5 ) . 431.It terminfo/ 432Compiled terminal characteristic files (see 433.Xr terminfo 5 ) . 434.It texinfo/ 435Templates for 436.Xr texinfo 5 . 437.It zoneinfo/ 438Time zone configuration information (see 439.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 440.El 441.Pp 442.It src/ 443.Bx 444and/or local source files. 445.Pp 446.Bl -tag -width "usr.sbin/" -compact 447.It bin/ 448Source for files in 449.Pa /bin . 450.It distrib/ 451Source for making distribution sets. 452.It etc/ 453Source for files in 454.Pa /etc . 455.It games/ 456Source for files in 457.Pa /usr/games . 458.It gnu/ 459Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 460.It include/ 461Source for files in 462.Pa /usr/include . 463.It lib/ 464Source for files in 465.Pa /usr/lib . 466.It libexec/ 467Source for files in 468.Pa /usr/libexec . 469.It regress/ 470Regress framework. 471.It sbin/ 472Source for files in 473.Pa /sbin . 474.It share/ 475Source for files in 476.Pa /usr/share . 477.It sys/ 478Kernel source files. 479.It usr.bin/ 480Source for files in 481.Pa /usr/bin . 482.It usr.sbin/ 483Source for files in 484.Pa /usr/sbin . 485.El 486.Pp 487.It xenocara/ 488Source for the X11 window system. 489.Pp 490.It xobj/ 491Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 492.Pa /usr/xenocara 493tree. 494.El 495.It /var/ 496Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 497.Pp 498.Bl -tag -width "sysmerge/" -compact 499.It account/ 500System accounting files. 501.Pp 502.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 503.It acct 504Execution accounting file (see 505.Xr acct 5 ) . 506.El 507.Pp 508.It audit/ 509Audit logs. 510.It authpf/ 511PID file for 512.Xr authpf 8 . 513.It backups/ 514Miscellaneous backup files. 515.It cache/ 516Data cached for programs. 517.It crash/ 518Crash dumps written by 519.Xr savecore 8 . 520.It cron/ 521Spools and configuration files for 522.Xr cron 8 523and 524.Xr at 1 . 525.Pp 526.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 527.It atjobs/ 528.Xr at 1 529jobs. 530.It tabs/ 531Individual 532.Xr crontab 1 533files. 534.El 535.Pp 536.It db/ 537Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 538.It empty/ 539Generic 540.Xr chroot 2 541directory. 542.It games/ 543Miscellaneous game status and log files. 544.It log/ 545Miscellaneous system log files. 546.Pp 547.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 548.It wtmp 549Login/logout log (see 550.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 551.It rdist/ 552Log files for 553.Xr rdist 1 . 554.El 555.Pp 556.It mail/ 557User mailbox files. 558.It nsd/ 559Database and zone files for 560.Xr nsd 8 . 561.It quotas/ 562Filesystem quota information files. 563.It run/ 564System information files describing various info about the 565system since it was booted. 566.Pp 567.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 568.It rc.d/ 569Details of currently running daemons; 570used by 571.Xr rc.d 8 . 572.It utmp 573Database of current users (see 574.Xr utmp 5 ) . 575.El 576.Pp 577.It spool/ 578Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 579.Pp 580.Bl -tag -width "output/" -compact 581.It ftp/ 582Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 583.It lock/ 584Lock files for utilities such as 585.Xr pppd 8 . 586.It output/ 587Line printer spooling directories. 588.It smtpd/ 589Mail spool for 590.Xr smtpd 8 . 591.El 592.Pp 593.It sysmerge/ 594Checksum files and reference sets 595for 596.Xr sysmerge 8 . 597.It syspatch/ 598Rollback tarballs and patch files for 599.Xr syspatch 8 . 600.It tmp -> ../tmp 601A symbolic link to the system 602.Pa /tmp 603directory. 604To protect other users of 605.Pa /var 606from overfill conditions, this is no longer a space you can trust to 607retain storage over a reboot. 608Periodically cleaned by 609.Xr daily 8 . 610.It unbound/ 611Configuration files for 612.Xr unbound 8 . 613.It www/ 614Configuration files for 615.Xr httpd 8 . 616.It yp/ 617Files for the 618.Xr yp 8 619subsystem. 620.El 621.El 622.Sh SEE ALSO 623.Xr apropos 1 , 624.Xr find 1 , 625.Xr locate 1 , 626.Xr whatis 1 , 627.Xr whereis 1 , 628.Xr which 1 629.Sh HISTORY 630A 631.Nm 632manual page appeared in 633.At v7 . 634