1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.150 2016/01/07 08:58:14 jmc Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: January 7 2016 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multiprocessor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /bsd.sp 66Pure kernel executable 67for single processor machines. 68.It /dev/ 69Block and character device files. 70.Pp 71.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 72.It MAKEDEV 73Script for creating device files (see 74.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 75.It fd/ 76File descriptor files (see 77.Xr fd 4 ) . 78.El 79.It /emul/ 80Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 81emulation is in effect. 82.It /etc/ 83System configuration files and scripts. 84.Pp 85.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 86.It localtime 87Local time zone information (see 88.Xr ctime 3 ) . 89.It X11/ 90Configuration files for the X11 window system. 91.It amd/ 92Contains map files for 93.Xr amd 8 . 94.It authpf/ 95Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 96.Xr authpf 8 ) . 97.It examples/ 98Example configuration files for base system daemons. 99.It firmware/ 100Firmware files for various devices. 101.It fonts/ 102Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 103.It hotplug/ 104Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 105.Xr hotplugd 8 . 106.It iked/ 107Configuration files for 108.Xr iked 8 . 109.It isakmpd/ 110Configuration files for 111.Xr isakmpd 8 . 112.It ldap/ 113Certificates and schema definition files for 114.Xr ldapd 8 . 115.It mail/ 116System mail configuration files. 117.It mtree/ 118.Xr mtree 8 119configuration files. 120.It npppd/ 121.Xr npppd 8 122configuration files. 123.It ppp/ 124.Xr pppd 8 125configuration files. 126.It raddb/servers/ 127List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 128.Xr login_radius 8 . 129.It rc.d/ 130.Xr packages 7 131start/stop scripts and subroutines for 132.Xr rc 8 . 133.It signify/ 134Key files used by 135.Xr signify 1 . 136.It skel/ 137Example 138.Sq .\& 139(dot) files for new accounts. 140.It skey/ 141One-time password user database for 142.Xr skey 1 . 143.It ssh/ 144Configuration files for 145.Xr ssh 1 146and 147.Xr sshd 8 . 148.It ssl/ 149OpenSSL configuration files (see 150.Xr openssl 1 ) . 151.It systrace/ 152Sample 153.Xr systrace 1 154policies. 155.El 156.It /home/ 157Default location for user home directories. 158.It /mnt/ 159Empty directory commonly used by 160system administrators as a temporary mount point. 161.It /root/ 162Default home directory for the superuser. 163.It /sbin/ 164System programs and administration utilities 165fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 166These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 167system libraries to run. 168.It /tmp/ 169Temporary files that are 170.Em not 171preserved between system reboots. 172Periodically cleaned by 173.Xr daily 8 . 174.It /usr/ 175Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 176.Pp 177.Bl -tag -width "xenocara/" -compact 178.It X11R6/ 179Files required for the X11 window system. 180.Pp 181.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 182.It bin/ 183X11 binaries. 184.It include/ 185X11-specific C include files. 186.It lib/ 187X11 archive libraries. 188.Pp 189.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 190.It X11/ 191Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications. 192.It modules/ 193Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 194.It pkgconfig/ 195Package metadata for 196.Xr pkg-config 1 . 197.It xorg/ 198Data files used by the X server. 199.El 200.Pp 201.It man/ 202X11 manual pages. 203.It share/ 204Architecture independent data files. 205.El 206.Pp 207.It bin/ 208Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 209.It games/ 210Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 211.It include/ 212Standard C include files. 213.Pp 214.Bl -tag -width "libmilter/" -compact 215.It arpa/ 216C include files for Internet service protocols. 217.It crypto/ 218C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 219.It ddb/ 220C include files for the kernel debugger (see 221.Xr ddb 4 ) . 222.It dev/ 223Device-specific C include files. 224.It g++/ 225Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 226.It isofs/ 227C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 228.It machine/ 229Machine specific C include files. 230.It miscfs/ 231C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 232.It msdosfs/ 233C include files for MS-DOS file system. 234.It net/ 235Miscellaneous network C include files. 236.It net80211/ 237C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 238.It netinet/ 239C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 240.Xr inet 4 ) . 241.It netinet6/ 242C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 243.Xr inet6 4 ) . 244.It netmpls/ 245C include files for the MPLS protocol. 246.It nfs/ 247C include files for NFS (Network File System). 248.It ntfs/ 249C include files for NTFS file system. 250.It objc/ 251C include files for GNU Objective-C. 252.It openssl/ 253C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 254.Xr ssl 8 ) . 255.It protocols/ 256C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 257.It readline/ 258C include files for the 259.Xr readline 3 260library. 261.It rpc/ 262C include files for remote procedure calling (see 263.Xr rpc 5 ) . 264.It rpcsvc/ 265C include files for rpcsvc. 266.It scsi/ 267SCSI-specific C include files. 268.It sys/ 269System C include files (kernel data structures). 270.It ufs/ 271C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 272.It uvm/ 273C include files for the virtual memory interface. 274.El 275.Pp 276.It lib/ 277System libraries. 278See 279.Xr intro 3 280for a description of library types. 281.It libdata/ 282Miscellaneous utility data files. 283.Pp 284.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 285.It cvs/ 286Placeholder for user contributed 287.Xr cvs 1 288code/scripts. 289.It ldscripts/ 290ELF linker scripts. 291.It perl5/ 292Data files for 293.Xr perl 1 . 294.El 295.Pp 296.It libexec/ 297System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 298.Pp 299.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 300.It auth/ 301Login scripts used to authenticate users (for 302.Bx 303Authentication). 304.It cvs/contrib/ 305User contributed 306.Xr cvs 1 307scripts. 308.It lpr/ 309Contains the lpf filter for 310.Xr lpd 8 . 311.It radiusd/ 312Authentication modules for 313.Xr radiusd 8 . 314.El 315.Pp 316.It local/ 317Local executables, libraries, etc. 318.It mdec/ 319Boot-related executables. 320.It obj/ 321Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 322.Pa /usr/src 323tree. 324.It ports/ 325The 326.Ox 327ports collection (see 328.Xr ports 7 ) . 329.It sbin/ 330System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 331.It share/ 332Architecture independent data files. 333.Pp 334.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 335.It calendar/ 336Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 337.Xr calendar 1 ) . 338.It dict/ 339Word lists (see 340.Xr look 1 341and 342.Xr spell 1 ) . 343.Pp 344.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 345.It american 346Spellings preferred in American usage. 347.It british 348Spellings preferred in British usage. 349.It eign 350List of common words. 351.It propernames 352List of proper names. 353.It stop 354Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 355.Xr spell 1 356from words in the other files in 357.Pa /usr/share/dict , 358but should not be accepted. 359.It web2 360Words from Webster's 2nd International. 361.It web2a 362Additional words from Webster's. 363.It words 364Common words. 365.It papers/ 366Reference databases. 367.It special/ 368Custom word lists. 369.El 370.Pp 371.It doc/ 372Miscellaneous documentation. 373.It games/ 374ASCII text files used by various games. 375.It info/ 376Texinfo source files. 377.It locale/ 378Locales for multi-language support. 379.It man/ 380Manual pages. 381.Pp 382.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 383.It man1/ 384General commands (tools and utilities). 385.It man2/ 386System calls and error numbers. 387.It man3/ 388Libraries. 389.It man3p/ 390.Xr perl 1 391programmers' reference guide. 392.It man4/ 393Special files and hardware support. 394.It man5/ 395File formats. 396.It man6/ 397Games. 398.It man7/ 399Miscellaneous. 400.It man8/ 401System maintenance and operation commands. 402.It man9/ 403Kernel internals. 404.El 405.Pp 406.It misc/ 407Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 408.Pp 409.Bl -tag -width pcvtfonts/ -compact 410.It termcap 411Terminal characteristics database (see 412.Xr termcap 5 ) . 413.It pcvtfonts/ 414Additional i386 console fonts. 415.El 416.Pp 417.It mk/ 418Templates for 419.Xr make 1 . 420.It snmp/ 421Data files for 422.Xr snmpd 8 . 423.Pp 424.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 425.It mibs/ 426Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 427.El 428.Pp 429.It tabset/ 430Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 431the termcap file (see 432.Xr termcap 5 ) . 433.It terminfo/ 434Compiled terminal characteristic files (see 435.Xr terminfo 5 ) . 436.It texinfo/ 437Templates for 438.Xr texinfo 5 . 439.It zoneinfo/ 440Time zone configuration information (see 441.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 442.El 443.Pp 444.It src/ 445.Bx 446and/or local source files. 447.Pp 448.Bl -tag -width "usr.sbin/" -compact 449.It bin/ 450Source for files in 451.Pa /bin . 452.It distrib/ 453Source for making distribution sets. 454.It etc/ 455Source for files in 456.Pa /etc . 457.It games/ 458Source for files in 459.Pa /usr/games . 460.It gnu/ 461Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 462.It include/ 463Source for files in 464.Pa /usr/include . 465.It lib/ 466Source for files in 467.Pa /usr/lib . 468.It libexec/ 469Source for files in 470.Pa /usr/libexec . 471.It regress/ 472Regress framework. 473.It sbin/ 474Source for files in 475.Pa /sbin . 476.It share/ 477Source for files in 478.Pa /usr/share . 479.It sys/ 480Kernel source files. 481.It usr.bin/ 482Source for files in 483.Pa /usr/bin . 484.It usr.sbin/ 485Source for files in 486.Pa /usr/sbin . 487.El 488.Pp 489.It xenocara/ 490Source for the X11 window system. 491.Pp 492.It xobj/ 493Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 494.Pa /usr/xenocara 495tree. 496.El 497.It /var/ 498Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 499.Pp 500.Bl -tag -width "sysmerge/" -compact 501.It account/ 502System accounting files. 503.Pp 504.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 505.It acct 506Execution accounting file (see 507.Xr acct 5 ) . 508.El 509.Pp 510.It audit/ 511Audit logs. 512.It authpf/ 513PID file for 514.Xr authpf 8 . 515.It backups/ 516Miscellaneous backup files. 517.It cache/ 518Data cached for programs. 519.It crash/ 520Crash dumps written by 521.Xr savecore 8 . 522.It cron/ 523Spools and configuration files for 524.Xr cron 8 525and 526.Xr at 1 . 527.Pp 528.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 529.It atjobs/ 530.Xr at 1 531jobs. 532.It tabs/ 533Individual 534.Xr crontab 1 535files. 536.El 537.Pp 538.It db/ 539Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 540.It empty/ 541Generic 542.Xr chroot 2 543directory. 544.It games/ 545Miscellaneous game status and log files. 546.It log/ 547Miscellaneous system log files. 548.Pp 549.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 550.It wtmp 551Login/logout log (see 552.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 553.It rdist/ 554Log files for 555.Xr rdist 1 . 556.El 557.Pp 558.It mail/ 559User mailbox files. 560.It nsd/ 561Database and zone files for 562.Xr nsd 8 . 563.It quotas/ 564Filesystem quota information files. 565.It run/ 566System information files describing various info about the 567system since it was booted. 568.Pp 569.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 570.It rc.d/ 571Details of currently running daemons; 572used by 573.Xr rc.d 8 . 574.It utmp 575Database of current users (see 576.Xr utmp 5 ) . 577.El 578.Pp 579.It spool/ 580Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 581.Pp 582.Bl -tag -width "uucppublic/" -compact 583.It ftp/ 584Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 585.It lock/ 586Lock files for utilities such as 587.Xr pppd 8 . 588.It output/ 589Line printer spooling directories. 590.It smtpd/ 591Mail spool for 592.Xr smtpd 8 . 593.It uucp/ 594uucp spool directory. 595.It uucppublic/ 596Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 597.El 598.Pp 599.It sysmerge/ 600Checksum files and reference sets 601for 602.Xr sysmerge 8 . 603.It tmp -> ../tmp 604A symbolic link to the system 605.Pa /tmp 606directory. 607To protect other users of 608.Pa /var 609from overfill conditions, this is no longer a space you can trust to 610retain storage over a reboot. 611Periodically cleaned by 612.Xr daily 8 . 613.It unbound/ 614Configuration files for 615.Xr unbound 8 . 616.It www/ 617Configuration files for 618.Xr httpd 8 . 619.It yp/ 620Files for the 621.Xr yp 8 622subsystem. 623.El 624.El 625.Sh SEE ALSO 626.Xr apropos 1 , 627.Xr find 1 , 628.Xr locate 1 , 629.Xr whatis 1 , 630.Xr whereis 1 , 631.Xr which 1 632.Sh HISTORY 633A 634.Nm 635manual page appeared in 636.At v7 . 637