1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.72 2008/05/09 13:01:01 jmc Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: May 9 2008 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multi-processor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /dev/ 66Block and character device files. 67.Pp 68.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 69.It MAKEDEV 70Script for creating device files (see 71.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 72.It fd/ 73File descriptor files (see 74.Xr fd 4 ) . 75.El 76.It /emul/ 77Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 78emulation is in effect (see 79.Xr sysctl 8 80and the system compat pages: 81.Xr compat_aout 8 , 82.Xr compat_bsdos 8 , 83.Xr compat_freebsd 8 , 84.Xr compat_hpux 8 , 85.Xr compat_ibcs2 8 , 86.Xr compat_linux 8 , 87.Xr compat_osf1 8 , 88.Xr compat_sunos 8 , 89.Xr compat_svr4 8 , 90and 91.Xr compat_ultrix 8 ) . 92.It /etc/ 93System configuration files and scripts. 94.Pp 95.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 96.It localtime 97Local time zone information (see 98.Xr ctime 3 ) . 99.It X11/ 100Configuration files for the X11 window system. 101.It afs/ 102AFS configuration files. 103.It amd/ 104Contains map files for 105.Xr amd 8 . 106.It authpf/ 107Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 108.Xr authpf 8 ) . 109.It disklabels/ 110Backup disklabels (see 111.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 112.It firmware/ 113Firmware files for various devices. 114.It fonts/ 115Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 116.It hotplug/ 117Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 118.Xr hotplugd 8 . 119.It isakmpd/ 120Configuration files for 121.Xr isakmpd 8 . 122.It kerberosV/ 123Configuration files for the Kerberos version V subsystem (see 124.Xr kerberos 8 ) . 125.It mail/ 126.Xr sendmail 8 127configuration files (including 128.Xr aliases 5 ) . 129.It mtree/ 130.Xr mtree 131configuration files (see 132.Xr mtree 8 ) . 133.It ppp/ 134.Xr pppd 135configuration files (see 136.Xr pppd 8 ) . 137.It raddb/servers/ 138List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 139.Xr login_radius 8 . 140.It skel/ 141Example 142.Sq .\& 143(dot) files for new accounts. 144.It skey/ 145One-time password user database for 146.Xr skey 1 . 147.It sliphome/ 148Configuration files for 149.Xr sliplogin 8 . 150.It ssh/ 151Configuration files for 152.Xr ssh 1 153and 154.Xr sshd 8 . 155.It ssl/ 156OpenSSL configuration files (see 157.Xr openssl 1 ) . 158.It systrace/ 159Sample 160.Xr systrace 1 161policies. 162.El 163.It /home/ 164Default location for user home directories. 165.It /mnt/ 166Empty directory commonly used by 167system administrators as a temporary mount point. 168.It /root/ 169Default home directory for the superuser. 170.It /sbin/ 171System programs and administration utilities 172fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 173These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 174system libraries to run. 175.It /stand/ 176Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 177.It /tmp/ 178Temporary files; 179the contents 180of 181.Pa /tmp 182are 183.Em not 184preserved across a system reboot. 185.It /usr/ 186Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 187.Pp 188.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 189.It X11R6/ 190Files required for the X11 window system. 191.Pp 192.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 193.It bin/ 194X11 binaries. 195.It include/ 196X11-specific C include files. 197.It lib/ 198X11 archive libraries. 199.Pp 200.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 201.It X11/ 202Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications (see 203.Xr xdm 1 , 204.Xr xkb 1 , 205.Xr twm 1 ) . 206.It modules/ 207Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 208.It pkgconfig/ 209Package metadata for 210.Xr pkgconfig 1 . 211.It xserver/ 212Data files used by the X server. 213.El 214.Pp 215.It man/ 216X11 manual pages. 217.It share/ 218Architecture independent data files. 219.El 220.Pp 221.It bin/ 222Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 223.It games/ 224Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 225.It include/ 226Standard C include files. 227.Pp 228.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 229.It altq/ 230C include files for the altq subsystem (see 231.Xr pf.conf 5 ) . 232.It arpa/ 233C include files for Internet service protocols. 234.It crypto/ 235C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 236.It ddb/ 237C include files for the kernel debugger (see 238.Xr ddb 4 ) . 239.It dev/ 240Device-specific C include files. 241.It g++/ 242Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 243.It isofs/ 244C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 245.It kerberosV/ 246C include files for the KerberosV authentication subsystem (see 247.Xr kerberos 8 ) . 248.It libmilter/ 249C include files for the 250.Xr sendmail 8 251mail filter API. 252.It machine/ 253Machine specific C include files. 254.It miscfs/ 255C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 256.It net/ 257Miscellaneous network C include files. 258.It net80211/ 259C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 260.It netatalk/ 261C include files for the AppleTalk protocol. 262.It netbt/ 263C include files for the Bluetooth protocol. 264.It netinet/ 265C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 266.Xr inet 4 ) . 267.It netinet6/ 268C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 269.Xr inet6 4 ) . 270.It netmpls/ 271C include files for the MPLS protocol. 272.It netnatm/ 273C include files for native mode ATM access. 274.It nfs/ 275C include files for NFS (Network File System). 276.It objc/ 277C include files for GNU Objective-C. 278.It openssl/ 279C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 280.Xr ssl 8 ) . 281.It protocols/ 282C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 283.It readline/ 284C include files for the 285.Xr readline 3 286library. 287.It rpc/ 288C include files for remote procedure calling (see 289.Xr rpc 5 ) . 290.It rpcsvc/ 291C include files for rpcsvc. 292.It scsi/ 293SCSI-specific C include files. 294.It sys/ 295System C include files (kernel data structures). 296.It ufs/ 297C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 298.It uvm/ 299C include files for the virtual memory interface. 300.It xfs/ 301C include files for the XFS file system. 302.El 303.Pp 304.It lib/ 305System libraries. 306See 307.Xr intro 3 308for a description of library types. 309.It libdata/ 310Miscellaneous utility data files. 311.Pp 312.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 313.It cvs/ 314Placeholder for user contributed 315.Xr cvs 1 316code/scripts. 317.It ldscripts/ 318ELF linker scripts. 319.It lint/ 320Prebuilt 321.Xr lint 1 322libraries. 323.It perl5/ 324Data files for 325.Xr perl 1 . 326.It ssh/ 327Data file for 328.Xr ssh 1 . 329.El 330.Pp 331.It libexec/ 332System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 333.Pp 334.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 335.It auth/ 336Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication). 337.It cvs/contrib/ 338User contributed 339.Xr cvs 1 340scripts. 341.It lpr/ 342Contains the lpf filter for 343.Xr lpd 8 . 344.It sendmail/ 345Contains the 346.Xr sendmail 8 347binary. 348.It sm.bin/ 349Binaries to be run by 350.Xr smrsh 8 . 351.El 352.Pp 353.It lkm/ 354Loadable kernel modules. 355.It local/ 356Local executables, libraries, etc. 357.It mdec/ 358Boot-related executables. 359.It obj/ 360Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 361.Pa /usr/src 362tree. 363.It ports/ 364The 365.Ox 366ports collection (see 367.Xr ports 7 ) . 368.It sbin/ 369System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 370.It share/ 371Architecture independent data files. 372.Pp 373.Bl -tag -width "groff_font/" -compact 374.It calendar/ 375Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 376.Xr calendar 1 ) . 377.It dict/ 378Word lists (see 379.Xr look 1 380and 381.Xr spell 1 ) . 382.Pp 383.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 384.It american 385Spellings preferred in American usage. 386.It british 387Spellings preferred in British usage. 388.It eign 389List of common words. 390.It propernames 391List of proper names. 392.It stop 393Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 394.Xr spell 1 395from words in the other files in 396.Pa /usr/share/dict , 397but should not be accepted. 398.It web2 399Words from Webster's 2nd International. 400.It web2a 401Additional words from Webster's. 402.It words 403Common words. 404.It papers/ 405Reference databases (see 406.Xr refer 1 ) . 407.It special/ 408Custom word lists. 409.El 410.Pp 411.It doc/ 412Miscellaneous documentation; 413source for most of the 414.Bx 4.3 415manuals. 416.Pp 417.Bl -tag -width html/ -compact 418.It html/ 419HTML documentation. 420.It psd/ 421.Ux 422Programmer's Supplementary Documents (PSD). 423.It smm/ 424.Ux 425System Manager's Manuals (SMM). 426.It usd/ 427.Ux 428User's Supplementary Documents (USD). 429.El 430.Pp 431.It games/ 432ASCII text files used by various games. 433.It groff_font/ 434GNU troff shared fonts. 435.It info/ 436Texinfo source files. 437.It lkm/ 438Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 439.Xr lkm 4 ) . 440.It locale/ 441Locales for multi-language support. 442.It man/ 443Manual pages. 444.Pp 445.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 446.It cat*/ 447Preformatted 448.Xr man 1 449pages. 450Layout similar to man (below). 451.It man1/ 452General commands (tools and utilities). 453.It man2/ 454System calls and error numbers. 455.It man3/ 456Libraries. 457.It man3p/ 458.Xr perl 1 459programmers' reference guide. 460.It man4/ 461Special files and hardware support. 462.It man5/ 463File formats. 464.It man6/ 465Games. 466.It man7/ 467Miscellaneous. 468.It man8/ 469System maintenance and operation commands. 470.It man9/ 471Kernel internals. 472.El 473.Pp 474.It misc/ 475Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 476.Pp 477.Bl -tag -width terminfo.db -compact 478.It termcap 479Terminal characteristics database (see 480.Xr termcap 5 ) . 481.It termcap.db 482Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see 483.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ) . 484.It terminfo.db 485Terminal information database. 486.It pcvtfonts/ 487Additional i386 console fonts. 488.El 489.Pp 490.It mk/ 491Templates for 492.Xr make 493(see 494.Xr make 1 ) . 495.It nls/ 496National Language Support (NLS) catalogs. 497.It sendmail/ 498Example files for 499.Xr sendmail 8 . 500.It tabset/ 501Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 502the termcap file (see 503.Xr termcap 5 ) . 504.It texinfo/ 505Templates for 506.Xr texinfo 5 . 507.It tmac/ 508Text processing macros (see 509.Xr nroff 1 510and 511.Xr troff 1 ) . 512.It vi/catalog/ 513Catalog files for the 514.Xr vi 1 515text editor. 516.It zoneinfo/ 517Time zone configuration information (see 518.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 519.El 520.Pp 521.It src/ 522BSD and/or local source files. 523.Pp 524.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 525.It bin/ 526Source for files in 527.Pa /bin . 528.It distrib/ 529Source for making distribution sets. 530.It etc/ 531Source for files in 532.Pa /etc . 533.It games/ 534Source for files in 535.Pa /usr/games . 536.It gnu/ 537Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 538.It include/ 539Source for files in 540.Pa /usr/include . 541.It kerberosV/ 542Source for Kerberos version V. 543.It lib/ 544Source for files in 545.Pa /usr/lib . 546.It libexec/ 547Source for files in 548.Pa /usr/libexec . 549.It regress/ 550Regress framework. 551.It sbin/ 552Source for files in 553.Pa /sbin . 554.It share/ 555Source for files in 556.Pa /usr/share . 557.It sys/ 558Kernel source files. 559.It usr.bin/ 560Source for files in 561.Pa /usr/bin . 562.It usr.sbin/ 563Source for files in 564.Pa /usr/sbin . 565.El 566.Pp 567.It xenocara/ 568Source for the X11 window system. 569.Pp 570.It xobj/ 571Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 572.Pa /usr/xenocara 573tree. 574.El 575.It /var/ 576Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 577.Pp 578.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 579.It account/ 580System accounting files. 581.Pp 582.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 583.It acct 584Execution accounting file (see 585.Xr acct 5 ) . 586.El 587.Pp 588.It audit/ 589Audit logs. 590.It authpf/ 591PID file for 592.Xr authpf 8 . 593.It backups/ 594Miscellaneous backup files. 595.It crash/ 596Crash dumps written by 597.Xr savecore 8 . 598.It cron/ 599Spools and configuration files for 600.Xr cron 8 601and 602.Xr at 1 . 603.Pp 604.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 605.It atjobs/ 606.Xr at 1 607jobs. 608.It tabs/ 609Individual 610.Xr crontab 1 611files. 612.El 613.Pp 614.It db/ 615Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 616.It empty/ 617Generic 618.Xr chroot 2 619directory. 620.It games/ 621Miscellaneous game status and log files. 622.It log/ 623Miscellaneous system log files. 624.Pp 625.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 626.It wtmp 627Login/logout log (see 628.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 629.It rdist/ 630Log files for 631.Xr rdist 1 . 632.El 633.Pp 634.It mail/ 635User mailbox files. 636.It msgs/ 637Database for 638.Xr msgs 1 . 639.It named/ 640Chroot directory for 641.Xr named 8 . 642.It quotas/ 643Filesystem quota information files. 644.It run/ 645System information files describing various info about the 646system since it was booted. 647.Pp 648.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 649.It utmp 650Database of current users (see 651.Xr utmp 5 ) . 652.It sudo/ 653Timestamps for 654.Xr sudo 8 . 655.El 656.Pp 657.It rwho/ 658.Xr rwho 659data files (see 660.Xr rwhod 8 , 661.Xr rwho 1 , 662and 663.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 664.It spool/ 665Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 666.Pp 667.Bl -tag -width "clientmqueue/" -compact 668.It clientmqueue/ 669Mail messages waiting to be processed by the sendmail clientmqueue helper 670task (see 671.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 672.It ftp/ 673Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 674.It lock/ 675Lock files for utilities such as 676.Xr cu 1 , 677.Xr tip 1 678and 679.Xr uucp . 680.It mqueue/ 681Undelivered mail queue (see 682.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 683.It output/ 684Line printer spooling directories. 685.It uucp/ 686.Xr uucp 687spool directory. 688.It uucppublic/ 689Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 690.El 691.Pp 692.It tmp/ 693Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 694.It www/ 695ServerRoot point for 696.Xr httpd 8 . 697.It yp/ 698Files for the 699.Xr yp 8 700subsystem. 701.El 702.El 703.Sh SEE ALSO 704.Xr apropos 1 , 705.Xr find 1 , 706.Xr locate 1 , 707.Xr whatis 1 , 708.Xr whereis 1 , 709.Xr which 1 710.Sh HISTORY 711A 712.Nm 713manual page appeared in 714.At v7 . 715