1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.43 2003/11/08 20:59:05 jmc Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd June 5, 1993 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem. 48.It /bin/ 49User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 50These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 51system libraries to run. 52.It /bsd 53Pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 54at boot-time). 55.It /dev/ 56Block and character device files. 57.Pp 58.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 59.It MAKEDEV 60Script for creating device files (see 61.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 62.It fd/ 63File descriptor files (see 64.Xr fd 4 ) . 65.El 66.It /emul/ 67Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 68emulation is in effect (see 69.Xr sysctl 8 70and the system compat pages: 71.Xr compat_bsdos 8 , 72.Xr compat_freebsd 8 , 73.Xr compat_hpux 8 , 74.Xr compat_ibcs2 8 , 75.Xr compat_linux 8 , 76.Xr compat_osf1 8 , 77.Xr compat_sunos 8 , 78.Xr compat_svr4 8 , 79and 80.Xr compat_ultrix 8 ) . 81.It /etc/ 82System configuration files and scripts. 83.Pp 84.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 85.It localtime 86Local timezone information (see 87.Xr ctime 3 ) . 88.It X11/ 89Configuration files for the X11 window system. 90.It afs/ 91AFS configuration files. 92.It amd/ 93Contains map files for 94.Xr amd 8 . 95.It authpf/ 96Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 97.Xr authpf 8 ) . 98.It disklabels/ 99Backup disklabels (see 100.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 101.It isakmpd/ 102Configuration files for 103.Xr isakmpd 8 . 104.It kerberosV/ 105Configuration files for the Kerberos version V subsystem (see 106.Xr info 1 107heimdal). 108.It mail/ 109.Xr sendmail 8 110configuration files (including 111.Xr aliases 5 ) . 112.It mtree/ 113.Xr mtree 114configuration files (see 115.Xr mtree 8 ) . 116.It ppp/ 117.Xr pppd 118configuration files (see 119.Xr pppd 8 ) . 120.It raddb/servers/ 121List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 122.Xr login_radius 8 . 123.It skel/ 124Example 125.Dq \&. 126(dot) files for new accounts. 127.It sliphome/ 128Configuration files for 129.Xr sliplogin 8 . 130.It ssh/ 131Configuration files for 132.Xr ssh 1 133and 134.Xr sshd 8 . 135.It ssl/ 136OpenSSL configuration files (see 137.Xr openssl 1 ) . 138.It systrace/ 139Sample 140.Xr systrace 1 141policies. 142.El 143.It /home/ 144Default location for user home directories. 145.It /mnt/ 146Empty directory commonly used by 147system administrators as a temporary mount point. 148.It /root/ 149Default home directory for the superuser. 150.It /sbin/ 151System programs and administration utilities 152fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 153These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 154system libraries to run. 155.It /stand/ 156Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 157.It /tmp/ 158Temporary files, usually an 159.Xr mfs 8 160memory-based filesystem (the contents 161of 162.Pa /tmp 163are usually 164.Em not 165preserved across a system reboot). 166.It /usr/ 167Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 168.Pp 169.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 170.It X11R6/ 171Files required for the X11 window system. 172.Pp 173.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 174.It bin/ 175X11 binaries. 176.It include/ 177X11-specific C include files. 178.It lib/ 179X11 archive libraries. 180.Pp 181.Bl -tag -width "modules/" -compact 182.It X11/ 183Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications (see 184.Xr xdm 1 , 185.Xr xkb 1 , 186.Xr twm 1 ) . 187.It modules/ 188Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 189.Pp 190.El 191.It man/ 192X11 manual pages. 193.El 194.Pp 195.It bin/ 196Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 197.It games/ 198Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 199.It include/ 200Standard C include files. 201.Pp 202.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 203.It altq/ 204C include files for the altq subsystem (see 205.Xr pf.conf 5 ) . 206.It arpa/ 207C include files for Internet service protocols. 208.It crypto/ 209C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 210.It ddb/ 211C include files for the kernel debugger (see 212.Xr ddb 4 ) . 213.It dev/ 214Device-specific C include files. 215.It g++/ 216Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 217.It isofs/ 218C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 219.It kerberosV/ 220C include files for the KerberosV authentication subsystem (see 221.Xr info 1 222heimdal). 223.It machine/ 224Machine specific C include files. 225.It miscfs/ 226C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 227.It net/ 228Miscellaneous network C include files. 229.It netatalk/ 230C include files for the AppleTalk protocol. 231.It netccitt/ 232C include files for X.25 LAPB support. 233.It netinet/ 234C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 235.Xr inet 4 ) . 236.It netinet6/ 237C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 238.Xr inet6 4 ) . 239.It netipx/ 240C include files for the IPX protocol. 241.It netiso/ 242C include files for ISO standard protocols (see 243.Xr iso 4 ) . 244.It netnatm/ 245C include files for native mode ATM access. 246.It netns/ 247C include files for XNS standard protocols (see 248.Xr ns 4 ) . 249.It nfs/ 250C include files for NFS (Network File System). 251.It objc/ 252C include files for GNU Objective-C. 253.It openssl/ 254C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 255.Xr ssl 8 ) . 256.It protocols/ 257C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 258.It readline/ 259C include files for the 260.Xr readline 3 261library. 262.It rpc/ 263C include files for remote procedure calling (see 264.Xr rpc 5 ) . 265.It rpcsvc/ 266C include files for rpcsvc. 267.It scsi/ 268SCSI-specific C include files. 269.It sys/ 270System C include files (kernel data structures). 271.It ufs/ 272C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 273.It uvm/ 274C include files for the virtual memory interface. 275.It xfs/ 276C include files for the XFS file system. 277.El 278.Pp 279.It lib/ 280Archive libraries. 281.It libdata/ 282Miscellaneous utility data files. 283.Pp 284.Bl -tag -width "perl5/" -compact 285.It cvs/ 286Placeholder for user contributed 287.Xr cvs 1 288code/scripts. 289.It lint/ 290Prebuilt 291.Xr lint 1 292libraries. 293.It perl5/ 294Data files for 295.Xr perl 1 . 296.It ssh/ 297Data file for 298.Xr ssh 1 . 299.El 300.Pp 301.It libexec/ 302System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 303.Pp 304.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 305.It auth/ 306Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication). 307.It cvs/contrib/ 308User contributed 309.Xr cvs 1 310scripts. 311.It lpr/ 312Contains the lpf filter for 313.Xr lpd 8 . 314.It sendmail/ 315Contains the 316.Xr sendmail 8 317binary. 318.It sm.bin/ 319Binaries to be run by 320.Xr smrsh 8 . 321.El 322.Pp 323.It lkm/ 324Loadable kernel modules. 325.It local/ 326Local executables, libraries, etc. 327.It mdec/ 328Boot-related executables. 329.It obj/ 330Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 331.Pa /usr/src 332tree. 333.It ports/ 334The 335.Ox 336ports collection (see 337.Xr ports 7 ) . 338.It sbin/ 339System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 340.It share/ 341Architecture independent data files. 342.Pp 343.Bl -tag -width "groff_font/" -compact 344.It calendar/ 345Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 346.Xr calendar 1 ) . 347.It dict/ 348Word lists (see 349.Xr look 1 350and 351.Xr spell 1 ) . 352.Pp 353.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 354.It american 355Spellings preferred in American usage. 356.It english 357Spellings preferred in British usage. 358.It eign 359List of common words. 360.It propernames 361List of proper names. 362.It stop 363Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 364.Xr spell 1 365from words in the other files in 366.Pa /usr/share/dict , 367but should not be accepted. 368.It web2 369Words from Webster's 2nd International. 370.It web2a 371Additional words from Webster's. 372.It words 373Common words. 374.It papers/ 375Reference databases (see 376.Xr refer 1 ) . 377.It special/ 378Custom word lists. 379.El 380.Pp 381.It doc/ 382Miscellaneous documentation; 383source for most of the 384.Bx 4.3 385manuals. 386.Pp 387.Bl -tag -width html/ -compact 388.It html/ 389HTML documentation. 390.It psd/ 391.Ux 392Programmer's Supplementary Documents (PSD). 393.It smm/ 394.Ux 395System Manager's Manuals (SMM). 396.It usd/ 397.Ux 398User's Supplementary Documents (USD). 399.El 400.Pp 401.It games/ 402ASCII text files used by various games. 403.It groff_font/ 404GNU troff shared fonts. 405.It info/ 406Texinfo source files. 407.It ipsec/ 408IPsec example files. 409.It lkm/ 410Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 411.Xr lkm 4 ) . 412.It locale/ 413Locales for multi-language support. 414.It man/ 415Manual pages. 416.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 417.It cat*/ 418Preformatted 419.Xr man 1 420pages. 421Layout similar to man (below). 422.It man1/ 423General commands (tools and utilities). 424.It man2/ 425System calls and error numbers. 426.It man3/ 427Libraries. 428.It man3p/ 429.Xr perl 1 430programmers' reference guide. 431.It man4/ 432Special files and hardware support. 433.It man5/ 434File formats. 435.It man6/ 436Games. 437.It man7/ 438Miscellaneous. 439.It man8/ 440System maintenance and operation commands. 441.It man9/ 442Kernel internals. 443.El 444.It misc/ 445Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 446.Pp 447.Bl -tag -width terminfo.db -compact 448.It termcap 449Terminal characteristics database (see 450.Xr termcap 5 ) . 451.It termcap.db 452Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see 453.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ) . 454.It terminfo.db 455Terminal information database. 456.It pcvtfonts/ 457Additional i386 console fonts. 458.El 459.Pp 460.It mk/ 461Templates for 462.Xr make 463(see 464.Xr make 1 ) . 465.It nls/ 466National Language Support (NLS) catalogs. 467.It pf/ 468Sample configuration files for 469.Xr pf 4 . 470.It sendmail/ 471Example files for 472.Xr sendmail 8 . 473.It tabset/ 474Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 475the termcap file (see 476.Xr termcap 5 ) . 477.It texinfo/ 478Templates for 479.Xr texinfo 5 . 480.It tmac/ 481Text processing macros (see 482.Xr nroff 1 483and 484.Xr troff 1 ) . 485.It vi/catalog/ 486Catalog files for the 487.Xr vi 1 488text editor. 489.It zoneinfo/ 490Timezone configuration information (see 491.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 492.El 493.Pp 494.It src/ 495BSD and/or local source files. 496.Pp 497.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 498.It bin/ 499Source for files in 500.Pa /bin . 501.It distrib/ 502Source for making distribution sets. 503.It etc/ 504Source for files in 505.Pa /etc . 506.It games/ 507Source for files in 508.Pa /usr/games . 509.It gnu/ 510Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 511.It include/ 512Source for files in 513.Pa /usr/include . 514.It kerberosV/ 515Source for Kerberos version V. 516.It lib/ 517Source for files in 518.Pa /usr/lib . 519.It libexec/ 520Source for files in 521.Pa /usr/libexec . 522.It lkm/ 523Source for files in 524.Pa /usr/lkm . 525.It regress/ 526Regress framework. 527.It sbin/ 528Source for files in 529.Pa /sbin . 530.It share/ 531Source for files in 532.Pa /usr/share . 533.It sys/ 534Kernel source files. 535.It usr.bin/ 536Source for files in 537.Pa /usr/bin . 538.It usr.sbin/ 539Source for files in 540.Pa /usr/sbin . 541.El 542.El 543.It /var/ 544Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 545.Pp 546.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 547.It account/ 548System accounting files. 549.Pp 550.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 551.It acct 552Execution accounting file (see 553.Xr acct 5 ) . 554.El 555.Pp 556.It audit/ 557Audit logs. 558.It authpf/ 559PID file for 560.Xr authpf 8 . 561.It backups/ 562Miscellaneous backup files. 563.It crash/ 564Crash dumps written by 565.Xr savecore 8 . 566.It cron/ 567Spools and configuration files for 568.Xr cron 8 569and 570.Xr at 1 . 571.Pp 572.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 573.It atjobs/ 574.Xr at 1 575jobs. 576.It tabs/ 577Individual 578.Xr crontab 1 579files. 580.El 581.Pp 582.It db/ 583Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 584.It empty/ 585Generic 586.Xr chroot 2 587directory. 588.It games/ 589Miscellaneous game status and log files. 590.It log/ 591Miscellaneous system log files. 592.Pp 593.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 594.It wtmp 595Login/logout log (see 596.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 597.It rdist/ 598Log files for 599.Xr rdist 1 . 600.El 601.Pp 602.It mail/ 603User mailbox files. 604.It msgs/ 605Database for 606.Xr msgs 1 . 607.It named/ 608Chroot directory for 609.Xr named 8 . 610.It quotas/ 611Filesystem quota information files. 612.It run/ 613System information files describing various info about the 614system since it was booted. 615.Pp 616.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 617.It utmp 618Database of current users (see 619.Xr utmp 5 ) . 620.It sudo/ 621Timestamps for 622.Xr sudo 8 . 623.El 624.Pp 625.It rwho/ 626.Xr rwho 627data files (see 628.Xr rwhod 8 , 629.Xr rwho 1 , 630and 631.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 632.It spool/ 633Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 634.Pp 635.Bl -tag -width "clientmqueue/" -compact 636.It clientmqueue/ 637Mail messages waiting to be processed by the sendmail clientmqueue helper 638task (see 639.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 640.It ftp/ 641Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 642.It lock/ 643Lock files for utilities such as 644.Xr cu 1 , 645.Xr tip 1 646and 647.Xr uucp . 648.It mqueue/ 649Undelivered mail queue (see 650.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 651.It output/ 652Line printer spooling directories. 653.It uucp/ 654.Xr uucp 655spool directory. 656.It uucppublic/ 657Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 658.El 659.Pp 660.It tmp/ 661Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 662.It www/ 663ServerRoot point for 664.Xr httpd 8 . 665.It yp/ 666Files for the 667.Xr yp 8 668subsystem. 669.El 670.El 671.Sh SEE ALSO 672.Xr apropos 1 , 673.Xr find 1 , 674.Xr locate 1 , 675.Xr whatis 1 , 676.Xr whereis 1 , 677.Xr which 1 678.Sh HISTORY 679A 680.Nm 681manual page appeared in 682.At v7 . 683