1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.146 2015/12/03 11:32:34 nicm Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: December 3 2015 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multiprocessor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /bsd.sp 66Pure kernel executable 67for single processor machines. 68.It /dev/ 69Block and character device files. 70.Pp 71.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 72.It MAKEDEV 73Script for creating device files (see 74.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 75.It fd/ 76File descriptor files (see 77.Xr fd 4 ) . 78.El 79.It /emul/ 80Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 81emulation is in effect. 82.It /etc/ 83System configuration files and scripts. 84.Pp 85.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 86.It localtime 87Local time zone information (see 88.Xr ctime 3 ) . 89.It X11/ 90Configuration files for the X11 window system. 91.It amd/ 92Contains map files for 93.Xr amd 8 . 94.It authpf/ 95Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 96.Xr authpf 8 ) . 97.It examples/ 98Example configuration files for base system daemons. 99.It firmware/ 100Firmware files for various devices. 101.It fonts/ 102Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 103.It hotplug/ 104Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 105.Xr hotplugd 8 . 106.It iked/ 107Configuration files for 108.Xr iked 8 . 109.It isakmpd/ 110Configuration files for 111.Xr isakmpd 8 . 112.It ldap/ 113Certificates and schema definition files for 114.Xr ldapd 8 . 115.It mail/ 116System mail configuration files. 117.It mtree/ 118.Xr mtree 8 119configuration files. 120.It npppd/ 121.Xr npppd 8 122configuration files. 123.It ppp/ 124.Xr pppd 8 125configuration files. 126.It raddb/servers/ 127List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 128.Xr login_radius 8 . 129.It rc.d/ 130.Xr packages 7 131start/stop scripts and subroutines for 132.Xr rc 8 . 133.It signify/ 134Key files used by 135.Xr signify 1 . 136.It skel/ 137Example 138.Sq .\& 139(dot) files for new accounts. 140.It skey/ 141One-time password user database for 142.Xr skey 1 . 143.It ssh/ 144Configuration files for 145.Xr ssh 1 146and 147.Xr sshd 8 . 148.It ssl/ 149OpenSSL configuration files (see 150.Xr openssl 1 ) . 151.It systrace/ 152Sample 153.Xr systrace 1 154policies. 155.El 156.It /home/ 157Default location for user home directories. 158.It /mnt/ 159Empty directory commonly used by 160system administrators as a temporary mount point. 161.It /root/ 162Default home directory for the superuser. 163.It /sbin/ 164System programs and administration utilities 165fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 166These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 167system libraries to run. 168.It /tmp/ 169Temporary files that are 170.Em not 171preserved between system reboots. 172Periodically cleaned by 173.Xr daily 8 . 174.It /usr/ 175Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 176.Pp 177.Bl -tag -width "xenocara/" -compact 178.It X11R6/ 179Files required for the X11 window system. 180.Pp 181.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 182.It bin/ 183X11 binaries. 184.It include/ 185X11-specific C include files. 186.It lib/ 187X11 archive libraries. 188.Pp 189.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 190.It X11/ 191Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications. 192.It modules/ 193Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 194.It pkgconfig/ 195Package metadata for 196.Xr pkg-config 1 . 197.It xorg/ 198Data files used by the X server. 199.El 200.Pp 201.It man/ 202X11 manual pages. 203.It share/ 204Architecture independent data files. 205.El 206.Pp 207.It bin/ 208Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 209.It games/ 210Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 211.It include/ 212Standard C include files. 213.Pp 214.Bl -tag -width "libmilter/" -compact 215.It arpa/ 216C include files for Internet service protocols. 217.It crypto/ 218C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 219.It ddb/ 220C include files for the kernel debugger (see 221.Xr ddb 4 ) . 222.It dev/ 223Device-specific C include files. 224.It g++/ 225Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 226.It isofs/ 227C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 228.It machine/ 229Machine specific C include files. 230.It miscfs/ 231C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 232.It net/ 233Miscellaneous network C include files. 234.It net80211/ 235C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 236.It netinet/ 237C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 238.Xr inet 4 ) . 239.It netinet6/ 240C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 241.Xr inet6 4 ) . 242.It netmpls/ 243C include files for the MPLS protocol. 244.It nfs/ 245C include files for NFS (Network File System). 246.It objc/ 247C include files for GNU Objective-C. 248.It openssl/ 249C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 250.Xr ssl 8 ) . 251.It protocols/ 252C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 253.It readline/ 254C include files for the 255.Xr readline 3 256library. 257.It rpc/ 258C include files for remote procedure calling (see 259.Xr rpc 5 ) . 260.It rpcsvc/ 261C include files for rpcsvc. 262.It scsi/ 263SCSI-specific C include files. 264.It sys/ 265System C include files (kernel data structures). 266.It ufs/ 267C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 268.It uvm/ 269C include files for the virtual memory interface. 270.El 271.Pp 272.It lib/ 273System libraries. 274See 275.Xr intro 3 276for a description of library types. 277.It libdata/ 278Miscellaneous utility data files. 279.Pp 280.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 281.It cvs/ 282Placeholder for user contributed 283.Xr cvs 1 284code/scripts. 285.It ldscripts/ 286ELF linker scripts. 287.It perl5/ 288Data files for 289.Xr perl 1 . 290.El 291.Pp 292.It libexec/ 293System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 294.Pp 295.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 296.It auth/ 297Login scripts used to authenticate users (for 298.Bx 299Authentication). 300.It cvs/contrib/ 301User contributed 302.Xr cvs 1 303scripts. 304.It lpr/ 305Contains the lpf filter for 306.Xr lpd 8 . 307.It radiusd/ 308Authentication modules for 309.Xr radiusd 8 . 310.It smtpd/ 311Binaries related to 312.Xr smtpd 8 . 313.El 314.Pp 315.It local/ 316Local executables, libraries, etc. 317.It mdec/ 318Boot-related executables. 319.It obj/ 320Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 321.Pa /usr/src 322tree. 323.It ports/ 324The 325.Ox 326ports collection (see 327.Xr ports 7 ) . 328.It sbin/ 329System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 330.It share/ 331Architecture independent data files. 332.Pp 333.Bl -tag -width "vi/catalog/" -compact 334.It calendar/ 335Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 336.Xr calendar 1 ) . 337.It dict/ 338Word lists (see 339.Xr look 1 340and 341.Xr spell 1 ) . 342.Pp 343.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 344.It american 345Spellings preferred in American usage. 346.It british 347Spellings preferred in British usage. 348.It eign 349List of common words. 350.It propernames 351List of proper names. 352.It stop 353Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 354.Xr spell 1 355from words in the other files in 356.Pa /usr/share/dict , 357but should not be accepted. 358.It web2 359Words from Webster's 2nd International. 360.It web2a 361Additional words from Webster's. 362.It words 363Common words. 364.It papers/ 365Reference databases. 366.It special/ 367Custom word lists. 368.El 369.Pp 370.It doc/ 371Miscellaneous documentation. 372.It games/ 373ASCII text files used by various games. 374.It info/ 375Texinfo source files. 376.It locale/ 377Locales for multi-language support. 378.It man/ 379Manual pages. 380.Pp 381.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 382.It man1/ 383General commands (tools and utilities). 384.It man2/ 385System calls and error numbers. 386.It man3/ 387Libraries. 388.It man3p/ 389.Xr perl 1 390programmers' reference guide. 391.It man4/ 392Special files and hardware support. 393.It man5/ 394File formats. 395.It man6/ 396Games. 397.It man7/ 398Miscellaneous. 399.It man8/ 400System maintenance and operation commands. 401.It man9/ 402Kernel internals. 403.El 404.Pp 405.It misc/ 406Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 407.Pp 408.Bl -tag -width pcvtfonts/ -compact 409.It termcap 410Terminal characteristics database (see 411.Xr termcap 5 ) . 412.It pcvtfonts/ 413Additional i386 console fonts. 414.El 415.Pp 416.It mk/ 417Templates for 418.Xr make 1 . 419.It snmp/ 420Data files for 421.Xr snmpd 8 . 422.Pp 423.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 424.It mibs/ 425Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 426.El 427.Pp 428.It tabset/ 429Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 430the termcap file (see 431.Xr termcap 5 ) . 432.It terminfo/ 433Compiled terminal characteristics files, see 434.Xr terminfo 5 . 435.It texinfo/ 436Templates for 437.Xr texinfo 5 . 438.It vi/catalog/ 439Catalog files for the 440.Xr vi 1 441text editor. 442.It zoneinfo/ 443Time zone configuration information (see 444.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 445.El 446.Pp 447.It src/ 448.Bx 449and/or local source files. 450.Pp 451.Bl -tag -width "usr.sbin/" -compact 452.It bin/ 453Source for files in 454.Pa /bin . 455.It distrib/ 456Source for making distribution sets. 457.It etc/ 458Source for files in 459.Pa /etc . 460.It games/ 461Source for files in 462.Pa /usr/games . 463.It gnu/ 464Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 465.It include/ 466Source for files in 467.Pa /usr/include . 468.It lib/ 469Source for files in 470.Pa /usr/lib . 471.It libexec/ 472Source for files in 473.Pa /usr/libexec . 474.It regress/ 475Regress framework. 476.It sbin/ 477Source for files in 478.Pa /sbin . 479.It share/ 480Source for files in 481.Pa /usr/share . 482.It sys/ 483Kernel source files. 484.It usr.bin/ 485Source for files in 486.Pa /usr/bin . 487.It usr.sbin/ 488Source for files in 489.Pa /usr/sbin . 490.El 491.Pp 492.It xenocara/ 493Source for the X11 window system. 494.Pp 495.It xobj/ 496Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 497.Pa /usr/xenocara 498tree. 499.El 500.It /var/ 501Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 502.Pp 503.Bl -tag -width "sysmerge/" -compact 504.It account/ 505System accounting files. 506.Pp 507.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 508.It acct 509Execution accounting file (see 510.Xr acct 5 ) . 511.El 512.Pp 513.It audit/ 514Audit logs. 515.It authpf/ 516PID file for 517.Xr authpf 8 . 518.It backups/ 519Miscellaneous backup files. 520.It cache/ 521Data cached for programs. 522.It crash/ 523Crash dumps written by 524.Xr savecore 8 . 525.It cron/ 526Spools and configuration files for 527.Xr cron 8 528and 529.Xr at 1 . 530.Pp 531.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 532.It atjobs/ 533.Xr at 1 534jobs. 535.It tabs/ 536Individual 537.Xr crontab 1 538files. 539.El 540.Pp 541.It db/ 542Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 543.It empty/ 544Generic 545.Xr chroot 2 546directory. 547.It games/ 548Miscellaneous game status and log files. 549.It log/ 550Miscellaneous system log files. 551.Pp 552.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 553.It wtmp 554Login/logout log (see 555.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 556.It rdist/ 557Log files for 558.Xr rdist 1 . 559.El 560.Pp 561.It mail/ 562User mailbox files. 563.It nsd/ 564Database and zone files for 565.Xr nsd 8 . 566.It quotas/ 567Filesystem quota information files. 568.It run/ 569System information files describing various info about the 570system since it was booted. 571.Pp 572.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 573.It rc.d/ 574Details of currently running daemons; 575used by 576.Xr rc.d 8 . 577.It utmp 578Database of current users (see 579.Xr utmp 5 ) . 580.El 581.Pp 582.It spool/ 583Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 584.Pp 585.Bl -tag -width "uucppublic/" -compact 586.It ftp/ 587Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 588.It lock/ 589Lock files for utilities such as 590.Xr pppd 8 . 591.It output/ 592Line printer spooling directories. 593.It smtpd/ 594Mail spool for 595.Xr smtpd 8 . 596.It uucp/ 597uucp spool directory. 598.It uucppublic/ 599Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 600.El 601.Pp 602.It sysmerge/ 603Checksum files and reference sets 604for 605.Xr sysmerge 8 . 606.It tmp -> ../tmp 607A symbolic link to the system 608.Pa /tmp 609directory. 610To protect other users of 611.Pa /var 612from overfill conditions, this is no longer a space you can trust to 613retain storage over a reboot. 614Periodically cleaned by 615.Xr daily 8 . 616.It unbound/ 617Configuration files for 618.Xr unbound 8 . 619.It www/ 620Configuration files for 621.Xr httpd 8 . 622.It yp/ 623Files for the 624.Xr yp 8 625subsystem. 626.El 627.El 628.Sh SEE ALSO 629.Xr apropos 1 , 630.Xr find 1 , 631.Xr locate 1 , 632.Xr whatis 1 , 633.Xr whereis 1 , 634.Xr which 1 635.Sh HISTORY 636A 637.Nm 638manual page appeared in 639.At v7 . 640