1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.60 2005/11/30 11:23:58 jmc Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd June 5, 1993 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr afterboot 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multi-processor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /dev/ 66Block and character device files. 67.Pp 68.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 69.It MAKEDEV 70Script for creating device files (see 71.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 72.It fd/ 73File descriptor files (see 74.Xr fd 4 ) . 75.El 76.It /emul/ 77Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 78emulation is in effect (see 79.Xr sysctl 8 80and the system compat pages: 81.Xr compat_aout 8 , 82.Xr compat_bsdos 8 , 83.Xr compat_freebsd 8 , 84.Xr compat_hpux 8 , 85.Xr compat_ibcs2 8 , 86.Xr compat_linux 8 , 87.Xr compat_osf1 8 , 88.Xr compat_sunos 8 , 89.Xr compat_svr4 8 , 90and 91.Xr compat_ultrix 8 ) . 92.It /etc/ 93System configuration files and scripts. 94.Pp 95.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 96.It localtime 97Local time zone information (see 98.Xr ctime 3 ) . 99.It X11/ 100Configuration files for the X11 window system. 101.It afs/ 102AFS configuration files. 103.It amd/ 104Contains map files for 105.Xr amd 8 . 106.It authpf/ 107Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 108.Xr authpf 8 ) . 109.It disklabels/ 110Backup disklabels (see 111.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 112.It firmware/ 113Firmware files for various devices. 114.It fonts/ 115Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 116.It hotplug/ 117Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 118.Xr hotplugd 8 . 119.It isakmpd/ 120Configuration files for 121.Xr isakmpd 8 . 122.It kerberosV/ 123Configuration files for the Kerberos version V subsystem (see 124.Xr kerberos 8 ) . 125.It mail/ 126.Xr sendmail 8 127configuration files (including 128.Xr aliases 5 ) . 129.It mtree/ 130.Xr mtree 131configuration files (see 132.Xr mtree 8 ) . 133.It ppp/ 134.Xr pppd 135configuration files (see 136.Xr pppd 8 ) . 137.It raddb/servers/ 138List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 139.Xr login_radius 8 . 140.It skel/ 141Example 142.Sq .\& 143(dot) files for new accounts. 144.It skey/ 145One-time password user database for 146.Xr skey 1 . 147.It sliphome/ 148Configuration files for 149.Xr sliplogin 8 . 150.It ssh/ 151Configuration files for 152.Xr ssh 1 153and 154.Xr sshd 8 . 155.It ssl/ 156OpenSSL configuration files (see 157.Xr openssl 1 ) . 158.It systrace/ 159Sample 160.Xr systrace 1 161policies. 162.El 163.It /home/ 164Default location for user home directories. 165.It /mnt/ 166Empty directory commonly used by 167system administrators as a temporary mount point. 168.It /root/ 169Default home directory for the superuser. 170.It /sbin/ 171System programs and administration utilities 172fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 173These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 174system libraries to run. 175.It /stand/ 176Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 177.It /tmp/ 178Temporary files; 179the contents 180of 181.Pa /tmp 182are 183.Em not 184preserved across a system reboot. 185.It /usr/ 186Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 187.Pp 188.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 189.It X11R6/ 190Files required for the X11 window system. 191.Pp 192.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 193.It bin/ 194X11 binaries. 195.It include/ 196X11-specific C include files. 197.It lib/ 198X11 archive libraries. 199.Pp 200.Bl -tag -width "modules/" -compact 201.It X11/ 202Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications (see 203.Xr xdm 1 , 204.Xr xkb 1 , 205.Xr twm 1 ) . 206.It modules/ 207Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 208.Pp 209.El 210.It man/ 211X11 manual pages. 212.El 213.Pp 214.It bin/ 215Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 216.It games/ 217Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 218.It include/ 219Standard C include files. 220.Pp 221.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 222.It altq/ 223C include files for the altq subsystem (see 224.Xr pf.conf 5 ) . 225.It arpa/ 226C include files for Internet service protocols. 227.It crypto/ 228C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 229.It ddb/ 230C include files for the kernel debugger (see 231.Xr ddb 4 ) . 232.It dev/ 233Device-specific C include files. 234.It g++/ 235Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 236.It isofs/ 237C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 238.It kerberosV/ 239C include files for the KerberosV authentication subsystem (see 240.Xr kerberos 8 ) . 241.It libmilter/ 242C include files for the 243.Xr sendmail 8 244mail filter API. 245.It machine/ 246Machine specific C include files. 247.It miscfs/ 248C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 249.It net/ 250Miscellaneous network C include files. 251.It net80211/ 252C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 253.It netatalk/ 254C include files for the AppleTalk protocol. 255.It netbt/ 256C include files for the Bluetooth protocol. 257.It netinet/ 258C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 259.Xr inet 4 ) . 260.It netinet6/ 261C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 262.Xr inet6 4 ) . 263.It netipx/ 264C include files for the IPX protocol. 265.It netnatm/ 266C include files for native mode ATM access. 267.It nfs/ 268C include files for NFS (Network File System). 269.It objc/ 270C include files for GNU Objective-C. 271.It openssl/ 272C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 273.Xr ssl 8 ) . 274.It protocols/ 275C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 276.It readline/ 277C include files for the 278.Xr readline 3 279library. 280.It rpc/ 281C include files for remote procedure calling (see 282.Xr rpc 5 ) . 283.It rpcsvc/ 284C include files for rpcsvc. 285.It scsi/ 286SCSI-specific C include files. 287.It sys/ 288System C include files (kernel data structures). 289.It ufs/ 290C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 291.It uvm/ 292C include files for the virtual memory interface. 293.It xfs/ 294C include files for the XFS file system. 295.El 296.Pp 297.It lib/ 298System libraries. 299See 300.Xr intro 3 301for a description of library types. 302.It libdata/ 303Miscellaneous utility data files. 304.Pp 305.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 306.It cvs/ 307Placeholder for user contributed 308.Xr cvs 1 309code/scripts. 310.It ldscripts/ 311ELF linker scripts. 312.It lint/ 313Prebuilt 314.Xr lint 1 315libraries. 316.It perl5/ 317Data files for 318.Xr perl 1 . 319.It ssh/ 320Data file for 321.Xr ssh 1 . 322.El 323.Pp 324.It libexec/ 325System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 326.Pp 327.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 328.It auth/ 329Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication). 330.It cvs/contrib/ 331User contributed 332.Xr cvs 1 333scripts. 334.It lpr/ 335Contains the lpf filter for 336.Xr lpd 8 . 337.It sendmail/ 338Contains the 339.Xr sendmail 8 340binary. 341.It sm.bin/ 342Binaries to be run by 343.Xr smrsh 8 . 344.El 345.Pp 346.It lkm/ 347Loadable kernel modules. 348.It local/ 349Local executables, libraries, etc. 350.It mdec/ 351Boot-related executables. 352.It obj/ 353Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 354.Pa /usr/src 355tree. 356.It ports/ 357The 358.Ox 359ports collection (see 360.Xr ports 7 ) . 361.It sbin/ 362System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 363.It share/ 364Architecture independent data files. 365.Pp 366.Bl -tag -width "groff_font/" -compact 367.It calendar/ 368Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 369.Xr calendar 1 ) . 370.It dict/ 371Word lists (see 372.Xr look 1 373and 374.Xr spell 1 ) . 375.Pp 376.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 377.It american 378Spellings preferred in American usage. 379.It english 380Spellings preferred in British usage. 381.It eign 382List of common words. 383.It propernames 384List of proper names. 385.It stop 386Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 387.Xr spell 1 388from words in the other files in 389.Pa /usr/share/dict , 390but should not be accepted. 391.It web2 392Words from Webster's 2nd International. 393.It web2a 394Additional words from Webster's. 395.It words 396Common words. 397.It papers/ 398Reference databases (see 399.Xr refer 1 ) . 400.It special/ 401Custom word lists. 402.El 403.Pp 404.It doc/ 405Miscellaneous documentation; 406source for most of the 407.Bx 4.3 408manuals. 409.Pp 410.Bl -tag -width html/ -compact 411.It html/ 412HTML documentation. 413.It psd/ 414.Ux 415Programmer's Supplementary Documents (PSD). 416.It smm/ 417.Ux 418System Manager's Manuals (SMM). 419.It usd/ 420.Ux 421User's Supplementary Documents (USD). 422.El 423.Pp 424.It games/ 425ASCII text files used by various games. 426.It groff_font/ 427GNU troff shared fonts. 428.It info/ 429Texinfo source files. 430.It ipsec/ 431IPsec example files. 432.It lkm/ 433Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 434.Xr lkm 4 ) . 435.It locale/ 436Locales for multi-language support. 437.It man/ 438Manual pages. 439.Pp 440.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 441.It cat*/ 442Preformatted 443.Xr man 1 444pages. 445Layout similar to man (below). 446.It man1/ 447General commands (tools and utilities). 448.It man2/ 449System calls and error numbers. 450.It man3/ 451Libraries. 452.It man3p/ 453.Xr perl 1 454programmers' reference guide. 455.It man4/ 456Special files and hardware support. 457.It man5/ 458File formats. 459.It man6/ 460Games. 461.It man7/ 462Miscellaneous. 463.It man8/ 464System maintenance and operation commands. 465.It man9/ 466Kernel internals. 467.El 468.Pp 469.It misc/ 470Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 471.Pp 472.Bl -tag -width terminfo.db -compact 473.It termcap 474Terminal characteristics database (see 475.Xr termcap 5 ) . 476.It termcap.db 477Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see 478.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ) . 479.It terminfo.db 480Terminal information database. 481.It pcvtfonts/ 482Additional i386 console fonts. 483.El 484.Pp 485.It mk/ 486Templates for 487.Xr make 488(see 489.Xr make 1 ) . 490.It nls/ 491National Language Support (NLS) catalogs. 492.It pf/ 493Sample configuration files for 494.Xr pf 4 . 495.It sendmail/ 496Example files for 497.Xr sendmail 8 . 498.It tabset/ 499Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 500the termcap file (see 501.Xr termcap 5 ) . 502.It texinfo/ 503Templates for 504.Xr texinfo 5 . 505.It tmac/ 506Text processing macros (see 507.Xr nroff 1 508and 509.Xr troff 1 ) . 510.It vi/catalog/ 511Catalog files for the 512.Xr vi 1 513text editor. 514.It zoneinfo/ 515Time zone configuration information (see 516.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 517.El 518.Pp 519.It src/ 520BSD and/or local source files. 521.Pp 522.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 523.It bin/ 524Source for files in 525.Pa /bin . 526.It distrib/ 527Source for making distribution sets. 528.It etc/ 529Source for files in 530.Pa /etc . 531.It games/ 532Source for files in 533.Pa /usr/games . 534.It gnu/ 535Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 536.It include/ 537Source for files in 538.Pa /usr/include . 539.It kerberosV/ 540Source for Kerberos version V. 541.It lib/ 542Source for files in 543.Pa /usr/lib . 544.It libexec/ 545Source for files in 546.Pa /usr/libexec . 547.It lkm/ 548Source for files in 549.Pa /usr/lkm . 550.It regress/ 551Regress framework. 552.It sbin/ 553Source for files in 554.Pa /sbin . 555.It share/ 556Source for files in 557.Pa /usr/share . 558.It sys/ 559Kernel source files. 560.It usr.bin/ 561Source for files in 562.Pa /usr/bin . 563.It usr.sbin/ 564Source for files in 565.Pa /usr/sbin . 566.El 567.El 568.It /var/ 569Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 570.Pp 571.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 572.It account/ 573System accounting files. 574.Pp 575.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 576.It acct 577Execution accounting file (see 578.Xr acct 5 ) . 579.El 580.Pp 581.It audit/ 582Audit logs. 583.It authpf/ 584PID file for 585.Xr authpf 8 . 586.It backups/ 587Miscellaneous backup files. 588.It crash/ 589Crash dumps written by 590.Xr savecore 8 . 591.It cron/ 592Spools and configuration files for 593.Xr cron 8 594and 595.Xr at 1 . 596.Pp 597.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 598.It atjobs/ 599.Xr at 1 600jobs. 601.It tabs/ 602Individual 603.Xr crontab 1 604files. 605.El 606.Pp 607.It db/ 608Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 609.It empty/ 610Generic 611.Xr chroot 2 612directory. 613.It games/ 614Miscellaneous game status and log files. 615.It log/ 616Miscellaneous system log files. 617.Pp 618.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 619.It wtmp 620Login/logout log (see 621.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 622.It rdist/ 623Log files for 624.Xr rdist 1 . 625.El 626.Pp 627.It mail/ 628User mailbox files. 629.It msgs/ 630Database for 631.Xr msgs 1 . 632.It named/ 633Chroot directory for 634.Xr named 8 . 635.It quotas/ 636Filesystem quota information files. 637.It run/ 638System information files describing various info about the 639system since it was booted. 640.Pp 641.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 642.It utmp 643Database of current users (see 644.Xr utmp 5 ) . 645.It sudo/ 646Timestamps for 647.Xr sudo 8 . 648.El 649.Pp 650.It rwho/ 651.Xr rwho 652data files (see 653.Xr rwhod 8 , 654.Xr rwho 1 , 655and 656.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 657.It spool/ 658Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 659.Pp 660.Bl -tag -width "clientmqueue/" -compact 661.It clientmqueue/ 662Mail messages waiting to be processed by the sendmail clientmqueue helper 663task (see 664.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 665.It ftp/ 666Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 667.It lock/ 668Lock files for utilities such as 669.Xr cu 1 , 670.Xr tip 1 671and 672.Xr uucp . 673.It mqueue/ 674Undelivered mail queue (see 675.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 676.It output/ 677Line printer spooling directories. 678.It uucp/ 679.Xr uucp 680spool directory. 681.It uucppublic/ 682Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 683.El 684.Pp 685.It tmp/ 686Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 687.It www/ 688ServerRoot point for 689.Xr httpd 8 . 690.It yp/ 691Files for the 692.Xr yp 8 693subsystem. 694.El 695.El 696.Sh SEE ALSO 697.Xr apropos 1 , 698.Xr find 1 , 699.Xr locate 1 , 700.Xr whatis 1 , 701.Xr whereis 1 , 702.Xr which 1 703.Sh HISTORY 704A 705.Nm 706manual page appeared in 707.At v7 . 708