1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.153 2016/09/04 10:45:11 ajacoutot Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: September 4 2016 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multiprocessor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /bsd.sp 66Pure kernel executable 67for single processor machines. 68.It /dev/ 69Block and character device files. 70.Pp 71.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 72.It MAKEDEV 73Script for creating device files (see 74.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 75.It fd/ 76File descriptor files (see 77.Xr fd 4 ) . 78.El 79.It /etc/ 80System configuration files and scripts. 81.Pp 82.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 83.It localtime 84Local time zone information (see 85.Xr ctime 3 ) . 86.It X11/ 87Configuration files for the X11 window system. 88.It amd/ 89Contains map files for 90.Xr amd 8 . 91.It authpf/ 92Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 93.Xr authpf 8 ) . 94.It examples/ 95Example configuration files for base system daemons. 96.It firmware/ 97Firmware files for various devices. 98.It fonts/ 99Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 100.It hotplug/ 101Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 102.Xr hotplugd 8 . 103.It iked/ 104Configuration files for 105.Xr iked 8 . 106.It isakmpd/ 107Configuration files for 108.Xr isakmpd 8 . 109.It ldap/ 110Certificates and schema definition files for 111.Xr ldapd 8 . 112.It mail/ 113System mail configuration files. 114.It mtree/ 115.Xr mtree 8 116configuration files. 117.It npppd/ 118.Xr npppd 8 119configuration files. 120.It ppp/ 121.Xr pppd 8 122configuration files. 123.It raddb/servers/ 124List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 125.Xr login_radius 8 . 126.It rc.d/ 127.Xr packages 7 128start/stop scripts and subroutines for 129.Xr rc 8 . 130.It signify/ 131Key files used by 132.Xr signify 1 . 133.It skel/ 134Example 135.Sq .\& 136(dot) files for new accounts. 137.It skey/ 138One-time password user database for 139.Xr skey 1 . 140.It ssh/ 141Configuration files for 142.Xr ssh 1 143and 144.Xr sshd 8 . 145.It ssl/ 146OpenSSL configuration files (see 147.Xr openssl 1 ) . 148.El 149.It /home/ 150Default location for user home directories. 151.It /mnt/ 152Empty directory commonly used by 153system administrators as a temporary mount point. 154.It /root/ 155Default home directory for the superuser. 156.It /sbin/ 157System programs and administration utilities 158fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 159These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 160system libraries to run. 161.It /tmp/ 162Temporary files that are 163.Em not 164preserved between system reboots. 165Periodically cleaned by 166.Xr daily 8 . 167.It /usr/ 168Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 169.Pp 170.Bl -tag -width "xenocara/" -compact 171.It X11R6/ 172Files required for the X11 window system. 173.Pp 174.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 175.It bin/ 176X11 binaries. 177.It include/ 178X11-specific C include files. 179.It lib/ 180X11 archive libraries. 181.Pp 182.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 183.It X11/ 184Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications. 185.It modules/ 186Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 187.It pkgconfig/ 188Package metadata for 189.Xr pkg-config 1 . 190.It xorg/ 191Data files used by the X server. 192.El 193.Pp 194.It man/ 195X11 manual pages. 196.It share/ 197Architecture independent data files. 198.El 199.Pp 200.It bin/ 201Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 202.It games/ 203Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 204.It include/ 205Standard C include files. 206.Pp 207.Bl -tag -width "libmilter/" -compact 208.It arpa/ 209C include files for Internet service protocols. 210.It crypto/ 211C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 212.It ddb/ 213C include files for the kernel debugger (see 214.Xr ddb 4 ) . 215.It dev/ 216Device-specific C include files. 217.It g++/ 218Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 219.It isofs/ 220C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 221.It machine/ 222Machine specific C include files. 223.It miscfs/ 224C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 225.It msdosfs/ 226C include files for MS-DOS file system. 227.It net/ 228Miscellaneous network C include files. 229.It net80211/ 230C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 231.It netinet/ 232C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 233.Xr inet 4 ) . 234.It netinet6/ 235C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 236.Xr inet6 4 ) . 237.It netmpls/ 238C include files for the MPLS protocol. 239.It nfs/ 240C include files for NFS (Network File System). 241.It ntfs/ 242C include files for NTFS file system. 243.It objc/ 244C include files for GNU Objective-C. 245.It openssl/ 246C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 247.Xr ssl 8 ) . 248.It protocols/ 249C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 250.It readline/ 251C include files for the 252.Xr readline 3 253library. 254.It rpc/ 255C include files for remote procedure calling (see 256.Xr rpc 5 ) . 257.It rpcsvc/ 258C include files for rpcsvc. 259.It scsi/ 260SCSI-specific C include files. 261.It sys/ 262System C include files (kernel data structures). 263.It ufs/ 264C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 265.It uvm/ 266C include files for the virtual memory interface. 267.El 268.Pp 269.It lib/ 270System libraries. 271See 272.Xr intro 3 273for a description of library types. 274.It libdata/ 275Miscellaneous utility data files. 276.Pp 277.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 278.It cvs/ 279Placeholder for user contributed 280.Xr cvs 1 281code/scripts. 282.It ldscripts/ 283ELF linker scripts. 284.It perl5/ 285Data files for 286.Xr perl 1 . 287.El 288.Pp 289.It libexec/ 290System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 291.Pp 292.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 293.It auth/ 294Login scripts used to authenticate users (for 295.Bx 296Authentication). 297.It cvs/contrib/ 298User contributed 299.Xr cvs 1 300scripts. 301.It lpr/ 302Contains the lpf filter for 303.Xr lpd 8 . 304.It radiusd/ 305Authentication modules for 306.Xr radiusd 8 . 307.El 308.Pp 309.It local/ 310Local executables, libraries, etc. 311.It mdec/ 312Boot-related executables. 313.It obj/ 314Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 315.Pa /usr/src 316tree. 317.It ports/ 318The 319.Ox 320ports collection (see 321.Xr ports 7 ) . 322.It sbin/ 323System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 324.It share/ 325Architecture independent data files. 326.Pp 327.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 328.It calendar/ 329Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 330.Xr calendar 1 ) . 331.It dict/ 332Word lists (see 333.Xr look 1 334and 335.Xr spell 1 ) . 336.Pp 337.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 338.It american 339Spellings preferred in American usage. 340.It british 341Spellings preferred in British usage. 342.It eign 343List of common words. 344.It propernames 345List of proper names. 346.It stop 347Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 348.Xr spell 1 349from words in the other files in 350.Pa /usr/share/dict , 351but should not be accepted. 352.It web2 353Words from Webster's 2nd International. 354.It web2a 355Additional words from Webster's. 356.It words 357Common words. 358.It papers/ 359Reference databases. 360.It special/ 361Custom word lists. 362.El 363.Pp 364.It doc/ 365Miscellaneous documentation. 366.It games/ 367ASCII text files used by various games. 368.It info/ 369Texinfo source files. 370.It locale/ 371Locales for multi-language support. 372.It man/ 373Manual pages. 374.Pp 375.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 376.It man1/ 377General commands (tools and utilities). 378.It man2/ 379System calls and error numbers. 380.It man3/ 381Libraries. 382.It man3p/ 383.Xr perl 1 384programmers' reference guide. 385.It man4/ 386Special files and hardware support. 387.It man5/ 388File formats. 389.It man6/ 390Games. 391.It man7/ 392Miscellaneous. 393.It man8/ 394System maintenance and operation commands. 395.It man9/ 396Kernel internals. 397.El 398.Pp 399.It misc/ 400Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 401.Pp 402.Bl -tag -width pcvtfonts/ -compact 403.It termcap 404Terminal characteristics database (see 405.Xr termcap 5 ) . 406.It pcvtfonts/ 407Additional i386 console fonts. 408.El 409.Pp 410.It mk/ 411Templates for 412.Xr make 1 . 413.It snmp/ 414Data files for 415.Xr snmpd 8 . 416.Pp 417.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 418.It mibs/ 419Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 420.El 421.Pp 422.It tabset/ 423Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 424the termcap file (see 425.Xr termcap 5 ) . 426.It terminfo/ 427Compiled terminal characteristic files (see 428.Xr terminfo 5 ) . 429.It texinfo/ 430Templates for 431.Xr texinfo 5 . 432.It zoneinfo/ 433Time zone configuration information (see 434.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 435.El 436.Pp 437.It src/ 438.Bx 439and/or local source files. 440.Pp 441.Bl -tag -width "usr.sbin/" -compact 442.It bin/ 443Source for files in 444.Pa /bin . 445.It distrib/ 446Source for making distribution sets. 447.It etc/ 448Source for files in 449.Pa /etc . 450.It games/ 451Source for files in 452.Pa /usr/games . 453.It gnu/ 454Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 455.It include/ 456Source for files in 457.Pa /usr/include . 458.It lib/ 459Source for files in 460.Pa /usr/lib . 461.It libexec/ 462Source for files in 463.Pa /usr/libexec . 464.It regress/ 465Regress framework. 466.It sbin/ 467Source for files in 468.Pa /sbin . 469.It share/ 470Source for files in 471.Pa /usr/share . 472.It sys/ 473Kernel source files. 474.It usr.bin/ 475Source for files in 476.Pa /usr/bin . 477.It usr.sbin/ 478Source for files in 479.Pa /usr/sbin . 480.El 481.Pp 482.It xenocara/ 483Source for the X11 window system. 484.Pp 485.It xobj/ 486Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 487.Pa /usr/xenocara 488tree. 489.El 490.It /var/ 491Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 492.Pp 493.Bl -tag -width "sysmerge/" -compact 494.It account/ 495System accounting files. 496.Pp 497.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 498.It acct 499Execution accounting file (see 500.Xr acct 5 ) . 501.El 502.Pp 503.It audit/ 504Audit logs. 505.It authpf/ 506PID file for 507.Xr authpf 8 . 508.It backups/ 509Miscellaneous backup files. 510.It cache/ 511Data cached for programs. 512.It crash/ 513Crash dumps written by 514.Xr savecore 8 . 515.It cron/ 516Spools and configuration files for 517.Xr cron 8 518and 519.Xr at 1 . 520.Pp 521.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 522.It atjobs/ 523.Xr at 1 524jobs. 525.It tabs/ 526Individual 527.Xr crontab 1 528files. 529.El 530.Pp 531.It db/ 532Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 533.It empty/ 534Generic 535.Xr chroot 2 536directory. 537.It games/ 538Miscellaneous game status and log files. 539.It log/ 540Miscellaneous system log files. 541.Pp 542.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 543.It wtmp 544Login/logout log (see 545.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 546.It rdist/ 547Log files for 548.Xr rdist 1 . 549.El 550.Pp 551.It mail/ 552User mailbox files. 553.It nsd/ 554Database and zone files for 555.Xr nsd 8 . 556.It quotas/ 557Filesystem quota information files. 558.It run/ 559System information files describing various info about the 560system since it was booted. 561.Pp 562.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 563.It rc.d/ 564Details of currently running daemons; 565used by 566.Xr rc.d 8 . 567.It utmp 568Database of current users (see 569.Xr utmp 5 ) . 570.El 571.Pp 572.It spool/ 573Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 574.Pp 575.Bl -tag -width "uucppublic/" -compact 576.It ftp/ 577Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 578.It lock/ 579Lock files for utilities such as 580.Xr pppd 8 . 581.It output/ 582Line printer spooling directories. 583.It smtpd/ 584Mail spool for 585.Xr smtpd 8 . 586.It uucp/ 587uucp spool directory. 588.It uucppublic/ 589Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 590.El 591.Pp 592.It sysmerge/ 593Checksum files and reference sets 594for 595.Xr sysmerge 8 . 596.It syspatch/ 597.Xr syspatch 8 598rollback tarballs and patch files. 599.It tmp -> ../tmp 600A symbolic link to the system 601.Pa /tmp 602directory. 603To protect other users of 604.Pa /var 605from overfill conditions, this is no longer a space you can trust to 606retain storage over a reboot. 607Periodically cleaned by 608.Xr daily 8 . 609.It unbound/ 610Configuration files for 611.Xr unbound 8 . 612.It www/ 613Configuration files for 614.Xr httpd 8 . 615.It yp/ 616Files for the 617.Xr yp 8 618subsystem. 619.El 620.El 621.Sh SEE ALSO 622.Xr apropos 1 , 623.Xr find 1 , 624.Xr locate 1 , 625.Xr whatis 1 , 626.Xr whereis 1 , 627.Xr which 1 628.Sh HISTORY 629A 630.Nm 631manual page appeared in 632.At v7 . 633