1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.9 1998/11/28 20:14:45 aaron Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 18.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 19.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 20.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 21.\" without specific prior written permission. 22.\" 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 24.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 25.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 26.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 27.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 36.\" 37.Dd June 5, 1993 38.Dt HIER 7 39.Os 40.Sh NAME 41.Nm hier 42.Nd layout of filesystems 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 45.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 46.It Li / 47Root directory. 48.It Li /altroot 49Alternate (backup) location for the root user's home directory. 50.It Li /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52.It Li /bsd 53Pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 54at boot-time). 55.It Li /dev/ 56Block and character device files. 57.Pp 58.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 59.It Li MAKEDEV 60Script for creating device files (see 61.Xr makedev 8 ) . 62.It Li fd/ 63File descriptor files (see 64.Xr fd 4 ) . 65.El 66.It Li /emul/ 67Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 68emulation is in effect (see 69.Xr compat_bsdos 8 , 70.Xr compat_freebsd 8 , 71.Xr compat_linux 8 , 72.Xr compat_sunos 8 , 73.Xr compat_svr4 8 ) . 74.It Li /etc/ 75System configuration files and scripts. 76.Pp 77.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 78.It Li localtime 79Local timezone information (see 80.Xr ctime 3 ) . 81.It Li disklabels/ 82Backup disklabels (see 83.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 84.It Li kerberosIV/ 85Configuration files for the Kerberos version IV system (see 86.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 87.It Li mtree/ 88.Xr mtree 89configuration files (see 90.Xr mtree 8 ) . 91.It Li namedb/ 92.Xr named 93configuration files (see 94.Xr named 8 ) . 95.It Li uucp/ 96.Xr uucp 97configuration files (see 98.Xr uucp 1 ) . 99.El 100.It Li /home/ 101Default location for user home directories. 102.It Li /mnt/ 103Empty directory commonly used by 104system administrators as a temporary mount point. 105.It Li /root/ 106Default home directory for the super-user. 107.It Li /sbin/ 108System programs and administration utilities 109fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 110.It Li /stand/ 111Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 112.It Li /tmp/ 113Temporary files, usually an 114.Xr mfs 8 115memory-based filesystem (the contents 116of 117.Pa /tmp 118are usually 119.Em not 120preserved across a system reboot). 121.It Li /usr/ 122Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 123.Pp 124.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 125.It Li bin/ 126Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 127.It Li games/ 128Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 129.It Li include/ 130Standard C include files. 131.Pp 132.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 133.It Li X11/ 134C include files for X11 window system. 135.It Li arpa/ 136C include files for Internet service protocols. 137.It Li kerberosIV/ 138C include files for Kerberos authentication package (see 139.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 140.It Li machine/ 141Machine specific C include files. 142.It Li net/ 143Miscellaneous network C include files. 144.It Li netimp/ 145C include files for IMP protocols (see 146.Xr imp 4 ) . 147.It Li netinet/ 148C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 149.Xr inet 4 ) . 150.It Li netiso/ 151C include files for ISO standard protocols (see 152.Xr iso 4 ) . 153.It Li netns/ 154C include files for XNS standard protocols (see 155.Xr ns 4 ) . 156.It Li nfs/ 157C include files for NFS (Network File System). 158.It Li pascal/ 159Include files for 160.Xr pc 1 . 161.It Li protocols/ 162C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 163.It Li sys/ 164System C include files (kernel data structures). 165.It Li ufs/ 166C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 167.El 168.Pp 169.It Li lib/ 170Archive libraries. 171.It Li libdata/ 172Miscellaneous utility data files. 173.It Li libexec/ 174System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 175.It Li local/ 176Local executables, libraries, etc. 177.It Li obj/ 178Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 179.Pa /usr/src 180tree. 181.It Li old/ 182Programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 183releases. 184.It Li sbin/ 185System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 186.It Li share/ 187Architecture independent data files. 188.Pp 189.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 190.It Li calendar/ 191Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 192.Xr calendar 1 ) . 193.It Li dict/ 194Word lists (see 195.Xr look 1 ) . 196.Pp 197.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 198.It Li words 199Common words. 200.It Li web2 201Words from Webster's 2nd International. 202.It Li papers/ 203Reference databases (see 204.Xr refer 1 ) . 205.It Li special/ 206Custom word lists. 207.El 208.Pp 209.It Li doc/ 210Miscellaneous documentation; 211source for most of the printed 212.Bx 4.3 213manuals (available 214from the 215.Tn USENIX 216association). 217.It Li games/ 218ASCII text files used by various games. 219.It Li man/ 220Manual pages. 221.It Li me/ 222Macros for use with the me macro package. 223.It Li misc/ 224Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 225.Bl -tag -width Fl 226.It Li termcap 227Terminal characteristics database (see 228.Xr termcap 5 ) . 229.El 230.Pp 231.It Li mk/ 232Templates for 233.Xr make 234(see 235.Xr make 1 ) . 236.It Li ms/ 237Macros for use with the ms macro package. 238.It Li skel/ 239Example 240.Dq \&. 241(dot) files for new accounts. 242.It Li tabset/ 243Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 244the termcap file (see 245.Xr termcap 5 ) . 246.It Li tmac/ 247Text processing macros (see 248.Xr nroff 1 249and 250.Xr troff 1 ) . 251.It Li zoneinfo/ 252Timezone configuration information (see 253.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 254.El 255.Pp 256.It Li src/ 257BSD and/or local source files 258.Pp 259.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 260.It Li bin/ 261Source for files in 262.Pa /bin . 263.It Li etc/ 264Source for files in 265.Pa /etc . 266.It Li games/ 267Source for files in 268.Pa /usr/games . 269.It Li gnu/ 270Source for files with GPL license. 271.It Li include/ 272Source for files in 273.Pa /usr/include . 274.It Li kerberosIV/ 275Source for Kerberos version IV. 276.It Li lib/ 277Source for files in 278.Pa /usr/lib . 279.It Li libexec/ 280Source for files in 281.Pa /usr/libexec . 282.It Li lkm/ 283Source for files in 284.Pa /usr/lkm . 285.It Li sbin/ 286Source for files in 287.Pa /sbin . 288.It Li share/ 289Source for files in 290.Pa /usr/share . 291.It Li sys/ 292Kernel source files. 293.It Li usr.bin/ 294Source for files in 295.Pa /usr/bin . 296.It Li usr.sbin/ 297Source for files in 298.Pa /usr/sbin . 299.El 300.El 301.It Li /var/ 302Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 303.Pp 304.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 305.It Li account/ 306System accounting files. 307.Pp 308.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 309.It Li acct 310Execution accounting file (see 311.Xr acct 5 ) . 312.El 313.Pp 314.It Li at/ 315.Xr timed 8 316command scheduling files (see 317.Xr at 1 ) . 318.It Li backups/ 319Miscellaneous backup files. 320.It Li db/ 321Miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files. 322.It Li games/ 323Miscellaneous game status and log files. 324.It Li log/ 325Miscellaneous system log files. 326.Pp 327.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 328.It Li wtmp 329Login/logout log (see 330.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 331.El 332.Pp 333.It Li mail/ 334User mailbox files. 335.It Li preserve/ 336Temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 337of an editor (see 338.Xr ex 1 ) . 339.It Li quotas/ 340Filesystem quota information files. 341.It Li run/ 342System information files describing various info about the 343system since it was booted. 344.Pp 345.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 346.It Li utmp 347Database of current users (see 348.Xr utmp 5 ) . 349.El 350.Pp 351.It Li rwho/ 352.Xr rwho 353data files (see 354.Xr rwhod 8 , 355.Xr rwho 1 , 356and 357.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 358.It Li spool/ 359Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 360.Pp 361.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 362.It Li ftp/ 363Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 364.It Li mqueue/ 365Undelivered mail queue (see 366.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 367.It Li output/ 368Line printer spooling directories. 369.It Li uucp/ 370.Xr uucp 371spool directory. 372.It Li uucppublic/ 373Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 374.El 375.Pp 376.It Li tmp/ 377Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 378.El 379.El 380.Sh SEE ALSO 381.Xr apropos 1 , 382.Xr finger 1 , 383.Xr find 1 , 384.Xr grep 1 , 385.Xr ls 1 , 386.Xr whatis 1 , 387.Xr whereis 1 , 388.Xr which 1 , 389.Xr fsck 8 390.Sh HISTORY 391A 392.Nm 393manual page appeared in 394.At v7 . 395