1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.122 2014/04/24 18:52:11 jmc Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: April 24 2014 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multiprocessor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /bsd.sp 66Pure kernel executable 67for single processor machines. 68.It /dev/ 69Block and character device files. 70.Pp 71.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 72.It MAKEDEV 73Script for creating device files (see 74.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 75.It fd/ 76File descriptor files (see 77.Xr fd 4 ) . 78.El 79.It /emul/ 80Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 81emulation is in effect. 82.It /etc/ 83System configuration files and scripts. 84.Pp 85.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 86.It localtime 87Local time zone information (see 88.Xr ctime 3 ) . 89.It X11/ 90Configuration files for the X11 window system. 91.It amd/ 92Contains map files for 93.Xr amd 8 . 94.It authpf/ 95Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 96.Xr authpf 8 ) . 97.It disklabels/ 98Backup disklabels (see 99.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 100.It firmware/ 101Firmware files for various devices. 102.It fonts/ 103Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 104.It hotplug/ 105Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 106.Xr hotplugd 8 . 107.It iked/ 108Configuration files for 109.Xr iked 8 . 110.It isakmpd/ 111Configuration files for 112.Xr isakmpd 8 . 113.It ldap/ 114Certificates and schema definition files for 115.Xr ldapd 8 . 116.It mail/ 117System mail configuration files. 118.It mtree/ 119.Xr mtree 8 120configuration files. 121.It nginx/ 122.Xr nginx 8 123configuration files. 124.It npppd/ 125.Xr npppd 8 126configuration files. 127.It ppp/ 128.Xr pppd 8 129configuration files. 130.It raddb/servers/ 131List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 132.Xr login_radius 8 . 133.It rc.d/ 134.Xr packages 7 135start/stop scripts and subroutines for 136.Xr rc 8 . 137.It signify/ 138Key files used by 139.Xr signify 1 . 140.It skel/ 141Example 142.Sq .\& 143(dot) files for new accounts. 144.It skey/ 145One-time password user database for 146.Xr skey 1 . 147.It sliphome/ 148Configuration files for 149.Xr sliplogin 8 . 150.It ssh/ 151Configuration files for 152.Xr ssh 1 153and 154.Xr sshd 8 . 155.It ssl/ 156OpenSSL configuration files (see 157.Xr openssl 1 ) . 158.It systrace/ 159Sample 160.Xr systrace 1 161policies. 162.El 163.It /home/ 164Default location for user home directories. 165.It /mnt/ 166Empty directory commonly used by 167system administrators as a temporary mount point. 168.It /root/ 169Default home directory for the superuser. 170.It /sbin/ 171System programs and administration utilities 172fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 173These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 174system libraries to run. 175.It /tmp/ 176Temporary files that are 177.Em not 178preserved between system reboots. 179Periodically cleaned by 180.Xr daily 8 . 181.It /usr/ 182Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 183.Pp 184.Bl -tag -width "xenocara/" -compact 185.It X11R6/ 186Files required for the X11 window system. 187.Pp 188.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 189.It bin/ 190X11 binaries. 191.It include/ 192X11-specific C include files. 193.It lib/ 194X11 archive libraries. 195.Pp 196.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 197.It X11/ 198Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications. 199.It modules/ 200Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 201.It pkgconfig/ 202Package metadata for 203.Xr pkg-config 1 . 204.It xorg/ 205Data files used by the X server. 206.El 207.Pp 208.It man/ 209X11 manual pages. 210.It share/ 211Architecture independent data files. 212.El 213.Pp 214.It bin/ 215Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 216.It games/ 217Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 218.It include/ 219Standard C include files. 220.Pp 221.Bl -tag -width "libmilter/" -compact 222.It arpa/ 223C include files for Internet service protocols. 224.It crypto/ 225C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 226.It ddb/ 227C include files for the kernel debugger (see 228.Xr ddb 4 ) . 229.It dev/ 230Device-specific C include files. 231.It g++/ 232Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 233.It isofs/ 234C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 235.It libmilter/ 236C include files for the 237.Xr sendmail 8 238mail filter API. 239.It machine/ 240Machine specific C include files. 241.It miscfs/ 242C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 243.It net/ 244Miscellaneous network C include files. 245.It net80211/ 246C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 247.It netbt/ 248C include files for the Bluetooth protocol. 249.It netinet/ 250C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 251.Xr inet 4 ) . 252.It netinet6/ 253C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 254.Xr inet6 4 ) . 255.It netmpls/ 256C include files for the MPLS protocol. 257.It nfs/ 258C include files for NFS (Network File System). 259.It objc/ 260C include files for GNU Objective-C. 261.It openssl/ 262C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 263.Xr ssl 8 ) . 264.It protocols/ 265C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 266.It readline/ 267C include files for the 268.Xr readline 3 269library. 270.It rpc/ 271C include files for remote procedure calling (see 272.Xr rpc 5 ) . 273.It rpcsvc/ 274C include files for rpcsvc. 275.It scsi/ 276SCSI-specific C include files. 277.It sys/ 278System C include files (kernel data structures). 279.It ufs/ 280C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 281.It uvm/ 282C include files for the virtual memory interface. 283.El 284.Pp 285.It lib/ 286System libraries. 287See 288.Xr intro 3 289for a description of library types. 290.It libdata/ 291Miscellaneous utility data files. 292.Pp 293.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 294.It cvs/ 295Placeholder for user contributed 296.Xr cvs 1 297code/scripts. 298.It ldscripts/ 299ELF linker scripts. 300.It perl5/ 301Data files for 302.Xr perl 1 . 303.El 304.Pp 305.It libexec/ 306System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 307.Pp 308.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 309.It auth/ 310Login scripts used to authenticate users (for 311.Bx 312Authentication). 313.It cvs/contrib/ 314User contributed 315.Xr cvs 1 316scripts. 317.It lpr/ 318Contains the lpf filter for 319.Xr lpd 8 . 320.It sendmail/ 321Contains the 322.Xr sendmail 8 323binary. 324.It sm.bin/ 325Binaries to be run by 326.Xr smrsh 8 . 327.It smtpd/ 328Binaries related to 329.Xr smtpd 8 . 330.El 331.Pp 332.It lkm/ 333Loadable kernel modules. 334.It local/ 335Local executables, libraries, etc. 336.It mdec/ 337Boot-related executables. 338.It obj/ 339Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 340.Pa /usr/src 341tree. 342.It ports/ 343The 344.Ox 345ports collection (see 346.Xr ports 7 ) . 347.It sbin/ 348System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 349.It share/ 350Architecture independent data files. 351.Pp 352.Bl -tag -width "vi/catalog/" -compact 353.It calendar/ 354Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 355.Xr calendar 1 ) . 356.It dict/ 357Word lists (see 358.Xr look 1 359and 360.Xr spell 1 ) . 361.Pp 362.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 363.It american 364Spellings preferred in American usage. 365.It british 366Spellings preferred in British usage. 367.It eign 368List of common words. 369.It propernames 370List of proper names. 371.It stop 372Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 373.Xr spell 1 374from words in the other files in 375.Pa /usr/share/dict , 376but should not be accepted. 377.It web2 378Words from Webster's 2nd International. 379.It web2a 380Additional words from Webster's. 381.It words 382Common words. 383.It papers/ 384Reference databases. 385.It special/ 386Custom word lists. 387.El 388.Pp 389.It doc/ 390Miscellaneous documentation. 391.Pp 392.Bl -tag -width html/ -compact 393.It html/ 394HTML documentation. 395.It mg/ 396Tutorial for the 397.Xr mg 1 398editor. 399.El 400.Pp 401.It games/ 402ASCII text files used by various games. 403.It info/ 404Texinfo source files. 405.It lkm/ 406Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 407.Xr lkm 4 ) . 408.It locale/ 409Locales for multi-language support. 410.It man/ 411Manual pages. 412.Pp 413.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 414.It man1/ 415General commands (tools and utilities). 416.It man2/ 417System calls and error numbers. 418.It man3/ 419Libraries. 420.It man3p/ 421.Xr perl 1 422programmers' reference guide. 423.It man4/ 424Special files and hardware support. 425.It man5/ 426File formats. 427.It man6/ 428Games. 429.It man7/ 430Miscellaneous. 431.It man8/ 432System maintenance and operation commands. 433.It man9/ 434Kernel internals. 435.El 436.Pp 437.It misc/ 438Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 439.Pp 440.Bl -tag -width terminfo.db -compact 441.It termcap 442Terminal characteristics database (see 443.Xr termcap 5 ) . 444.It termcap.db 445Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see 446.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ) . 447.It terminfo.db 448Terminal information database. 449.It pcvtfonts/ 450Additional i386 console fonts. 451.El 452.Pp 453.It mk/ 454Templates for 455.Xr make 1 . 456.It nls/ 457National Language Support (NLS) catalogs. 458.It sendmail/ 459Example files for 460.Xr sendmail 8 . 461.It snmp/ 462Data files for 463.Xr snmpd 8 . 464.Pp 465.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 466.It mibs/ 467Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 468.El 469.Pp 470.It tabset/ 471Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 472the termcap file (see 473.Xr termcap 5 ) . 474.It texinfo/ 475Templates for 476.Xr texinfo 5 . 477.It vi/catalog/ 478Catalog files for the 479.Xr vi 1 480text editor. 481.It zoneinfo/ 482Time zone configuration information (see 483.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 484.El 485.Pp 486.It src/ 487.Bx 488and/or local source files. 489.Pp 490.Bl -tag -width "usr.sbin/" -compact 491.It bin/ 492Source for files in 493.Pa /bin . 494.It distrib/ 495Source for making distribution sets. 496.It etc/ 497Source for files in 498.Pa /etc . 499.It games/ 500Source for files in 501.Pa /usr/games . 502.It gnu/ 503Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 504.It include/ 505Source for files in 506.Pa /usr/include . 507.It lib/ 508Source for files in 509.Pa /usr/lib . 510.It libexec/ 511Source for files in 512.Pa /usr/libexec . 513.It regress/ 514Regress framework. 515.It sbin/ 516Source for files in 517.Pa /sbin . 518.It share/ 519Source for files in 520.Pa /usr/share . 521.It sys/ 522Kernel source files. 523.It usr.bin/ 524Source for files in 525.Pa /usr/bin . 526.It usr.sbin/ 527Source for files in 528.Pa /usr/sbin . 529.El 530.Pp 531.It xenocara/ 532Source for the X11 window system. 533.Pp 534.It xobj/ 535Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 536.Pa /usr/xenocara 537tree. 538.El 539.It /var/ 540Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 541.Pp 542.Bl -tag -width "account" -compact 543.It account/ 544System accounting files. 545.Pp 546.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 547.It acct 548Execution accounting file (see 549.Xr acct 5 ) . 550.El 551.Pp 552.It audit/ 553Audit logs. 554.It authpf/ 555PID file for 556.Xr authpf 8 . 557.It backups/ 558Miscellaneous backup files. 559.It cache/ 560Data cached for programs. 561.It crash/ 562Crash dumps written by 563.Xr savecore 8 . 564.It cron/ 565Spools and configuration files for 566.Xr cron 8 567and 568.Xr at 1 . 569.Pp 570.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 571.It atjobs/ 572.Xr at 1 573jobs. 574.It tabs/ 575Individual 576.Xr crontab 1 577files. 578.El 579.Pp 580.It db/ 581Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 582.It empty/ 583Generic 584.Xr chroot 2 585directory. 586.It games/ 587Miscellaneous game status and log files. 588.It log/ 589Miscellaneous system log files. 590.Pp 591.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 592.It wtmp 593Login/logout log (see 594.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 595.It rdist/ 596Log files for 597.Xr rdist 1 . 598.El 599.Pp 600.It mail/ 601User mailbox files. 602.It named/ 603Chroot directory for 604.Xr named 8 . 605.It nsd/ 606Database and zone files for 607.Xr nsd 8 . 608.It quotas/ 609Filesystem quota information files. 610.It run/ 611System information files describing various info about the 612system since it was booted. 613.Pp 614.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 615.It utmp 616Database of current users (see 617.Xr utmp 5 ) . 618.It sudo/ 619Timestamps for 620.Xr sudo 8 . 621.El 622.Pp 623.It spool/ 624Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 625.Pp 626.Bl -tag -width "clientmqueue/" -compact 627.It clientmqueue/ 628Mail messages waiting to be processed by the sendmail clientmqueue helper 629task (see 630.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 631.It ftp/ 632Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 633.It lock/ 634Lock files for utilities such as 635.Xr tip 1 . 636.It mqueue/ 637Undelivered mail queue (see 638.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 639.It output/ 640Line printer spooling directories. 641.It smtpd/ 642Mail spool for 643.Xr smtpd 8 . 644.It uucp/ 645uucp spool directory. 646.It uucppublic/ 647Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 648.El 649.Pp 650.It tmp/ 651Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 652Periodically cleaned by 653.Xr daily 8 . 654.It unbound/ 655Configuration files for 656.Xr unbound 8 . 657.It www/ 658ServerRoot point for 659.Xr nginx 8 . 660.It yp/ 661Files for the 662.Xr yp 8 663subsystem. 664.El 665.El 666.Sh SEE ALSO 667.Xr apropos 1 , 668.Xr find 1 , 669.Xr locate 1 , 670.Xr whatis 1 , 671.Xr whereis 1 , 672.Xr which 1 673.Sh HISTORY 674A 675.Nm 676manual page appeared in 677.At v7 . 678