1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.106 2012/12/09 18:21:44 jmc Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: December 9 2012 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multiprocessor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /bsd.sp 66Pure kernel executable 67for single processor machines. 68.It /dev/ 69Block and character device files. 70.Pp 71.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 72.It MAKEDEV 73Script for creating device files (see 74.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 75.It fd/ 76File descriptor files (see 77.Xr fd 4 ) . 78.El 79.It /emul/ 80Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 81emulation is in effect. 82.It /etc/ 83System configuration files and scripts. 84.Pp 85.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 86.It localtime 87Local time zone information (see 88.Xr ctime 3 ) . 89.It X11/ 90Configuration files for the X11 window system. 91.It amd/ 92Contains map files for 93.Xr amd 8 . 94.It authpf/ 95Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 96.Xr authpf 8 ) . 97.It disklabels/ 98Backup disklabels (see 99.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 100.It firmware/ 101Firmware files for various devices. 102.It fonts/ 103Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 104.It hotplug/ 105Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 106.Xr hotplugd 8 . 107.It iked/ 108Configuration files for 109.Xr iked 8 . 110.It isakmpd/ 111Configuration files for 112.Xr isakmpd 8 . 113.It kerberosV/ 114Configuration files for the Kerberos version V subsystem (see 115.Xr kerberos 8 ) . 116.It ldap/ 117Certificates and schema definition files for 118.Xr ldapd 8 . 119.It mail/ 120System mail configuration files. 121.It mtree/ 122.Xr mtree 8 123configuration files. 124.It nginx/ 125.Xr nginx 8 126configuration files. 127.It npppd/ 128.Xr npppd 8 129configuration files. 130.It ppp/ 131.Xr pppd 8 132configuration files. 133.It raddb/servers/ 134List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 135.Xr login_radius 8 . 136.It rc.d/ 137.Xr packages 7 138start/stop scripts and subroutines for 139.Xr rc 8 . 140.It skel/ 141Example 142.Sq .\& 143(dot) files for new accounts. 144.It skey/ 145One-time password user database for 146.Xr skey 1 . 147.It sliphome/ 148Configuration files for 149.Xr sliplogin 8 . 150.It ssh/ 151Configuration files for 152.Xr ssh 1 153and 154.Xr sshd 8 . 155.It ssl/ 156OpenSSL configuration files (see 157.Xr openssl 1 ) . 158.It systrace/ 159Sample 160.Xr systrace 1 161policies. 162.El 163.It /home/ 164Default location for user home directories. 165.It /mnt/ 166Empty directory commonly used by 167system administrators as a temporary mount point. 168.It /root/ 169Default home directory for the superuser. 170.It /sbin/ 171System programs and administration utilities 172fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 173These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 174system libraries to run. 175.It /stand/ 176Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 177.It /tmp/ 178Temporary files that are 179.Em not 180preserved between system reboots. 181Periodically cleaned by 182.Xr daily 8 . 183.It /usr/ 184Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 185.Pp 186.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 187.It X11R6/ 188Files required for the X11 window system. 189.Pp 190.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 191.It bin/ 192X11 binaries. 193.It include/ 194X11-specific C include files. 195.It lib/ 196X11 archive libraries. 197.Pp 198.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 199.It X11/ 200Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications. 201.It modules/ 202Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 203.It pkgconfig/ 204Package metadata for 205.Xr pkg-config 1 . 206.It xorg/ 207Data files used by the X server. 208.El 209.Pp 210.It man/ 211X11 manual pages. 212.It share/ 213Architecture independent data files. 214.El 215.Pp 216.It bin/ 217Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 218.It games/ 219Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 220.It include/ 221Standard C include files. 222.Pp 223.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 224.It altq/ 225C include files for the altq subsystem (see 226.Xr pf.conf 5 ) . 227.It arpa/ 228C include files for Internet service protocols. 229.It crypto/ 230C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 231.It ddb/ 232C include files for the kernel debugger (see 233.Xr ddb 4 ) . 234.It dev/ 235Device-specific C include files. 236.It g++/ 237Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 238.It isofs/ 239C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 240.It kerberosV/ 241C include files for the KerberosV authentication subsystem (see 242.Xr kerberos 8 ) . 243.It libmilter/ 244C include files for the 245.Xr sendmail 8 246mail filter API. 247.It machine/ 248Machine specific C include files. 249.It miscfs/ 250C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 251.It net/ 252Miscellaneous network C include files. 253.It net80211/ 254C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 255.It netbt/ 256C include files for the Bluetooth protocol. 257.It netinet/ 258C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 259.Xr inet 4 ) . 260.It netinet6/ 261C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 262.Xr inet6 4 ) . 263.It netmpls/ 264C include files for the MPLS protocol. 265.It netnatm/ 266C include files for native mode ATM access. 267.It nfs/ 268C include files for NFS (Network File System). 269.It objc/ 270C include files for GNU Objective-C. 271.It openssl/ 272C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 273.Xr ssl 8 ) . 274.It protocols/ 275C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 276.It readline/ 277C include files for the 278.Xr readline 3 279library. 280.It rpc/ 281C include files for remote procedure calling (see 282.Xr rpc 5 ) . 283.It rpcsvc/ 284C include files for rpcsvc. 285.It scsi/ 286SCSI-specific C include files. 287.It sys/ 288System C include files (kernel data structures). 289.It ufs/ 290C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 291.It uvm/ 292C include files for the virtual memory interface. 293.It xfs/ 294C include files for the XFS file system. 295.El 296.Pp 297.It lib/ 298System libraries. 299See 300.Xr intro 3 301for a description of library types. 302.It libdata/ 303Miscellaneous utility data files. 304.Pp 305.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 306.It cvs/ 307Placeholder for user contributed 308.Xr cvs 1 309code/scripts. 310.It ldscripts/ 311ELF linker scripts. 312.It perl5/ 313Data files for 314.Xr perl 1 . 315.El 316.Pp 317.It libexec/ 318System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 319.Pp 320.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 321.It auth/ 322Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication). 323.It cvs/contrib/ 324User contributed 325.Xr cvs 1 326scripts. 327.It lpr/ 328Contains the lpf filter for 329.Xr lpd 8 . 330.It sendmail/ 331Contains the 332.Xr sendmail 8 333binary. 334.It sm.bin/ 335Binaries to be run by 336.Xr smrsh 8 . 337.It smtpd/ 338Binaries related to 339.Xr smtpd 8 . 340.El 341.Pp 342.It lkm/ 343Loadable kernel modules. 344.It local/ 345Local executables, libraries, etc. 346.It mdec/ 347Boot-related executables. 348.It obj/ 349Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 350.Pa /usr/src 351tree. 352.It ports/ 353The 354.Ox 355ports collection (see 356.Xr ports 7 ) . 357.It sbin/ 358System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 359.It share/ 360Architecture independent data files. 361.Pp 362.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 363.It calendar/ 364Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 365.Xr calendar 1 ) . 366.It dict/ 367Word lists (see 368.Xr look 1 369and 370.Xr spell 1 ) . 371.Pp 372.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 373.It american 374Spellings preferred in American usage. 375.It british 376Spellings preferred in British usage. 377.It eign 378List of common words. 379.It propernames 380List of proper names. 381.It stop 382Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 383.Xr spell 1 384from words in the other files in 385.Pa /usr/share/dict , 386but should not be accepted. 387.It web2 388Words from Webster's 2nd International. 389.It web2a 390Additional words from Webster's. 391.It words 392Common words. 393.It papers/ 394Reference databases. 395.It special/ 396Custom word lists. 397.El 398.Pp 399.It doc/ 400Miscellaneous documentation. 401.Pp 402.Bl -tag -width html/ -compact 403.It html/ 404HTML documentation. 405.It mg/ 406Tutorial for the 407.Xr mg 1 408editor. 409.El 410.Pp 411.It games/ 412ASCII text files used by various games. 413.It info/ 414Texinfo source files. 415.It lkm/ 416Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 417.Xr lkm 4 ) . 418.It locale/ 419Locales for multi-language support. 420.It man/ 421Manual pages. 422.Pp 423.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 424.It man1/ 425General commands (tools and utilities). 426.It man2/ 427System calls and error numbers. 428.It man3/ 429Libraries. 430.It man3p/ 431.Xr perl 1 432programmers' reference guide. 433.It man4/ 434Special files and hardware support. 435.It man5/ 436File formats. 437.It man6/ 438Games. 439.It man7/ 440Miscellaneous. 441.It man8/ 442System maintenance and operation commands. 443.It man9/ 444Kernel internals. 445.El 446.Pp 447.It misc/ 448Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 449.Pp 450.Bl -tag -width terminfo.db -compact 451.It termcap 452Terminal characteristics database (see 453.Xr termcap 5 ) . 454.It termcap.db 455Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see 456.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ) . 457.It terminfo.db 458Terminal information database. 459.It pcvtfonts/ 460Additional i386 console fonts. 461.El 462.Pp 463.It mk/ 464Templates for 465.Xr make 466(see 467.Xr make 1 ) . 468.It nls/ 469National Language Support (NLS) catalogs. 470.It sendmail/ 471Example files for 472.Xr sendmail 8 . 473.It snmp/ 474Data files for 475.Xr snmpd 8 . 476.Pp 477.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 478.It mibs/ 479Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 480.El 481.Pp 482.It tabset/ 483Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 484the termcap file (see 485.Xr termcap 5 ) . 486.It texinfo/ 487Templates for 488.Xr texinfo 5 . 489.It vi/catalog/ 490Catalog files for the 491.Xr vi 1 492text editor. 493.It zoneinfo/ 494Time zone configuration information (see 495.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 496.El 497.Pp 498.It src/ 499BSD and/or local source files. 500.Pp 501.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 502.It bin/ 503Source for files in 504.Pa /bin . 505.It distrib/ 506Source for making distribution sets. 507.It etc/ 508Source for files in 509.Pa /etc . 510.It games/ 511Source for files in 512.Pa /usr/games . 513.It gnu/ 514Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 515.It include/ 516Source for files in 517.Pa /usr/include . 518.It kerberosV/ 519Source for Kerberos version V. 520.It lib/ 521Source for files in 522.Pa /usr/lib . 523.It libexec/ 524Source for files in 525.Pa /usr/libexec . 526.It regress/ 527Regress framework. 528.It sbin/ 529Source for files in 530.Pa /sbin . 531.It share/ 532Source for files in 533.Pa /usr/share . 534.It sys/ 535Kernel source files. 536.It usr.bin/ 537Source for files in 538.Pa /usr/bin . 539.It usr.sbin/ 540Source for files in 541.Pa /usr/sbin . 542.El 543.Pp 544.It xenocara/ 545Source for the X11 window system. 546.Pp 547.It xobj/ 548Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 549.Pa /usr/xenocara 550tree. 551.El 552.It /var/ 553Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 554.Pp 555.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 556.It account/ 557System accounting files. 558.Pp 559.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 560.It acct 561Execution accounting file (see 562.Xr acct 5 ) . 563.El 564.Pp 565.It audit/ 566Audit logs. 567.It authpf/ 568PID file for 569.Xr authpf 8 . 570.It backups/ 571Miscellaneous backup files. 572.It crash/ 573Crash dumps written by 574.Xr savecore 8 . 575.It cron/ 576Spools and configuration files for 577.Xr cron 8 578and 579.Xr at 1 . 580.Pp 581.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 582.It atjobs/ 583.Xr at 1 584jobs. 585.It tabs/ 586Individual 587.Xr crontab 1 588files. 589.El 590.Pp 591.It db/ 592Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 593.It empty/ 594Generic 595.Xr chroot 2 596directory. 597.It games/ 598Miscellaneous game status and log files. 599.It log/ 600Miscellaneous system log files. 601.Pp 602.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 603.It wtmp 604Login/logout log (see 605.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 606.It rdist/ 607Log files for 608.Xr rdist 1 . 609.El 610.Pp 611.It mail/ 612User mailbox files. 613.It named/ 614Chroot directory for 615.Xr named 8 . 616.It nsd/ 617Database and zone files for 618.Xr nsd 8 . 619.It quotas/ 620Filesystem quota information files. 621.It run/ 622System information files describing various info about the 623system since it was booted. 624.Pp 625.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 626.It utmp 627Database of current users (see 628.Xr utmp 5 ) . 629.It sudo/ 630Timestamps for 631.Xr sudo 8 . 632.El 633.Pp 634.It rwho/ 635.Xr rwho 636data files (see 637.Xr rwhod 8 , 638.Xr rwho 1 , 639and 640.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 641.It spool/ 642Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 643.Pp 644.Bl -tag -width "clientmqueue/" -compact 645.It clientmqueue/ 646Mail messages waiting to be processed by the sendmail clientmqueue helper 647task (see 648.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 649.It ftp/ 650Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 651.It lock/ 652Lock files for utilities such as 653.Xr cu 1 , 654.Xr tip 1 655and 656.Xr uucp . 657.It mqueue/ 658Undelivered mail queue (see 659.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 660.It output/ 661Line printer spooling directories. 662.It smtpd/ 663Mail spool for 664.Xr smtpd 8 . 665.It uucp/ 666.Xr uucp 667spool directory. 668.It uucppublic/ 669Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 670.El 671.Pp 672.It tmp/ 673Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 674Periodically cleaned by 675.Xr daily 8 . 676.It www/ 677ServerRoot point for 678.Xr httpd 8 . 679.It yp/ 680Files for the 681.Xr yp 8 682subsystem. 683.El 684.El 685.Sh SEE ALSO 686.Xr apropos 1 , 687.Xr find 1 , 688.Xr locate 1 , 689.Xr whatis 1 , 690.Xr whereis 1 , 691.Xr which 1 692.Sh HISTORY 693A 694.Nm 695manual page appeared in 696.At v7 . 697