1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.33 2002/07/27 17:50:31 miod Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 18.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 19.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 20.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 21.\" without specific prior written permission. 22.\" 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 24.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 25.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 26.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 27.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 36.\" 37.Dd June 5, 1993 38.Dt HIER 7 39.Os 40.Sh NAME 41.Nm hier 42.Nd layout of filesystems 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 45.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 46.It Li / 47Root directory. 48.It Li /altroot/ 49Alternate (backup) location for the root 50.Pq Sq / 51filesystem. 52.It Li /bin/ 53User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 54These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 55system libraries to run. 56.It Li /bsd 57Pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 58at boot-time). 59.It Li /dev/ 60Block and character device files. 61.Pp 62.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 63.It Li MAKEDEV 64Script for creating device files (see 65.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 66.It Li fd/ 67File descriptor files (see 68.Xr fd 4 ) . 69.El 70.It Li /emul/ 71Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 72emulation is in effect (see 73.Xr compat_bsdos 8 , 74.Xr compat_freebsd 8 , 75.Xr compat_ibcs2 8 , 76.Xr compat_linux 8 , 77.Xr compat_sunos 8 , 78.Xr compat_svr4 8 , 79.Xr compat_ultrix 8 ) . 80.It Li /etc/ 81System configuration files and scripts. 82.Pp 83.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 84.It Li localtime 85Local timezone information (see 86.Xr ctime 3 ) . 87.It Li disklabels/ 88Backup disklabels (see 89.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 90.It Li kerberosIV/ 91Configuration files for the Kerberos version IV system (see 92.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 93.It Li kerberosV/ 94Configuration files for the Kerberos version V system (see 95.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 96.It Li mail/ 97.Xr sendmail 8 98configuration files (including 99.Xr aliases 5 ) . 100.It Li mtree/ 101.Xr mtree 102configuration files (see 103.Xr mtree 8 ) . 104.It Li ppp/ 105.Xr pppd 106configuration files (see 107.Xr pppd 8 ) . 108.It Li skel/ 109Example 110.Dq \&. 111(dot) files for new accounts. 112.El 113.It Li /home/ 114Default location for user home directories. 115.It Li /mnt/ 116Empty directory commonly used by 117system administrators as a temporary mount point. 118.It Li /root/ 119Default home directory for the superuser. 120.It Li /sbin/ 121System programs and administration utilities 122fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 123.It Li /stand/ 124Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 125.It Li /tmp/ 126Temporary files, usually an 127.Xr mfs 8 128memory-based filesystem (the contents 129of 130.Pa /tmp 131are usually 132.Em not 133preserved across a system reboot). 134.It Li /usr/ 135Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 136.Pp 137.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 138.It Li X11R6/ 139Files required for the X11 window system. 140.Pp 141.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 142.It Li bin/ 143X11 binaries. 144.It Li include/ 145X11-specific C include files. 146.It Li lib/ 147X11 archive libraries. 148.Pp 149.Bl -tag -width "X11/" -compact 150.It Li X11/ 151Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications (see 152.Xr xdm 1 , 153.Xr xkb 1 , 154.Xr twm 1 ) . 155.Pp 156.El 157.It Li man/ 158X11 manual pages. 159.El 160.Pp 161.It Li bin/ 162Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 163.It Li games/ 164Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 165.It Li include/ 166Standard C include files. 167.Pp 168.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 169.It Li arpa/ 170C include files for Internet service protocols. 171.It Li kerberosIV/ 172C include files for Kerberos IV authentication package (see 173.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 174.It Li kerberosV/ 175C include files for Kerberos V authentication package (see 176.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 177.It Li crypto/ 178C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 179.It Li ddb/ 180C include files for the kernel debugger (see 181.Xr ddb 4 ) . 182.It Li g++/ 183Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 184.It Li isofs/ 185C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 186.It Li miscfs/ 187C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 188.It Li netatalk/ 189C include files for the AppleTalk protocol. 190.It Li netccitt/ 191.It Li netipx/ 192C include files for the IPX protocol. 193.It Li netnatm/ 194.It Li objc/ 195C include files for GNU Objective-C. 196.It Li ssl/ 197C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 198.Xr ssl 8 ) . 199.It Li readline/ 200.It Li rpc/ 201C include files for remote procedure calling (see 202.Xr rpc 5 ) . 203.It Li rpcsvc/ 204.It Li scsi/ 205SCSI-specific C include files. 206.It Li uvm/ 207C include files for the virtual memory interface. 208.It Li xfs/ 209C include files for the XFS file system. 210.It Li dev/ 211Device-specific C include files. 212.It Li machine/ 213Machine specific C include files. 214.It Li net/ 215Miscellaneous network C include files. 216.It Li netinet/ 217C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 218.Xr inet 4 ) . 219.It Li netinet6/ 220C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 221.Xr inet6 4 ) . 222.It Li netiso/ 223C include files for ISO standard protocols (see 224.Xr iso 4 ) . 225.It Li netns/ 226C include files for XNS standard protocols (see 227.Xr ns 4 ) . 228.It Li nfs/ 229C include files for NFS (Network File System). 230.It Li protocols/ 231C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 232.It Li sys/ 233System C include files (kernel data structures). 234.It Li ufs/ 235C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 236.El 237.Pp 238.It Li lib/ 239Archive libraries. 240.It Li libdata/ 241Miscellaneous utility data files. 242.It Li libexec/ 243System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 244.Pp 245.Bl -tag -width "auth/" -compact 246.It Li auth/ 247Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication). 248.El 249.Pp 250.It Li lkm/ 251.It Li mdec/ 252.It Li local/ 253Local executables, libraries, etc. 254.It Li obj/ 255Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 256.Pa /usr/src 257tree. 258.It Li ports/ 259The 260.Ox 261ports collection (see 262.Xr ports 7 ) . 263.It Li sbin/ 264System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 265.It Li share/ 266Architecture independent data files. 267.Pp 268.Bl -tag -width "groff_font/" -compact 269.It Li calendar/ 270Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 271.Xr calendar 1 ) . 272.It Li dict/ 273Word lists (see 274.Xr look 1 ) . 275.Pp 276.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 277.It Li words 278Common words. 279.It Li web2 280Words from Webster's 2nd International. 281.It Li web2a 282Additional words from Webster's. 283.It Li propernames 284List of proper names. 285.It Li eign 286.It Li papers/ 287Reference databases (see 288.Xr refer 1 ) . 289.It Li special/ 290Custom word lists. 291.El 292.Pp 293.It Li doc/ 294Miscellaneous documentation; 295source for most of the printed 296.Bx 4.3 297manuals (available 298from the 299.Tn USENIX 300association). 301.It Li games/ 302ASCII text files used by various games. 303.It Li groff_font/ 304GNU troff shared fonts. 305.It Li info/ 306Texinfo source files. 307.It Li ipsec/ 308IPsec example files. 309.It Li lkm/ 310Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 311.Xr lkm 4 ) . 312.It Li locale/ 313.It Li man/ 314Manual pages. 315.It Li misc/ 316Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 317.Bl -tag -width Fl 318.It Li termcap 319Terminal characteristics database (see 320.Xr termcap 5 ) . 321.El 322.Pp 323.It Li mk/ 324Templates for 325.Xr make 326(see 327.Xr make 1 ) . 328.It Li nls/ 329.It Li sendmail/ 330Example files for 331.Xr sendmail 8 . 332.It Li vi/catalog/ 333Catalog files for the 334.Xr vi 1 335text editor. 336.It Li tabset/ 337Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 338the termcap file (see 339.Xr termcap 5 ) . 340.It Li tmac/ 341Text processing macros (see 342.Xr nroff 1 343and 344.Xr troff 1 ) . 345.It Li zoneinfo/ 346Timezone configuration information (see 347.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 348.El 349.Pp 350.It Li src/ 351BSD and/or local source files. 352.Pp 353.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 354.It Li bin/ 355Source for files in 356.Pa /bin . 357.It Li etc/ 358Source for files in 359.Pa /etc . 360.It Li games/ 361Source for files in 362.Pa /usr/games . 363.It Li gnu/ 364Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 365.It Li include/ 366Source for files in 367.Pa /usr/include . 368.It Li kerberosIV/ 369Source for Kerberos version IV. 370.It Li kerberosV/ 371Source for Kerberos version V. 372.It Li lib/ 373Source for files in 374.Pa /usr/lib . 375.It Li libexec/ 376Source for files in 377.Pa /usr/libexec . 378.It Li lkm/ 379Source for files in 380.Pa /usr/lkm . 381.It Li sbin/ 382Source for files in 383.Pa /sbin . 384.It Li share/ 385Source for files in 386.Pa /usr/share . 387.It Li sys/ 388Kernel source files. 389.It Li usr.bin/ 390Source for files in 391.Pa /usr/bin . 392.It Li usr.sbin/ 393Source for files in 394.Pa /usr/sbin . 395.El 396.El 397.It Li /var/ 398Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 399.Pp 400.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 401.It Li account/ 402System accounting files. 403.Pp 404.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 405.It Li acct 406Execution accounting file (see 407.Xr acct 5 ) . 408.El 409.Pp 410.It Li at/ 411.Xr timed 8 412command scheduling files (see 413.Xr at 1 ) . 414.It Li backups/ 415Miscellaneous backup files. 416.It Li db/ 417Miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files. 418.It Li games/ 419Miscellaneous game status and log files. 420.It Li log/ 421Miscellaneous system log files. 422.Pp 423.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 424.It Li wtmp 425Login/logout log (see 426.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 427.El 428.Pp 429.It Li mail/ 430User mailbox files. 431.It Li named/ 432.Xr named 8 433configuration files. 434.Pp 435.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 436.It Li namedb/ 437Zone files. 438.El 439.Pp 440.It Li preserve/ 441Temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 442of an editor (see 443.Xr ex 1 ) . 444.It Li quotas/ 445Filesystem quota information files. 446.It Li run/ 447System information files describing various info about the 448system since it was booted. 449.Pp 450.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 451.It Li utmp 452Database of current users (see 453.Xr utmp 5 ) . 454.El 455.Pp 456.It Li rwho/ 457.Xr rwho 458data files (see 459.Xr rwhod 8 , 460.Xr rwho 1 , 461and 462.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 463.It Li spool/ 464Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 465.Pp 466.Bl -tag -width "clientmqueue/" -compact 467.It Li clientmqueue/ 468Mail messages awaiting to be processed by the sendmail clientmqueue helper 469task (see 470.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 471.It Li ftp/ 472Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 473.It Li mqueue/ 474Undelivered mail queue (see 475.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 476.It Li output/ 477Line printer spooling directories. 478.It Li uucp/ 479.Xr uucp 480spool directory. 481.It Li uucppublic/ 482Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 483.El 484.Pp 485.It Li tmp/ 486Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 487.El 488.El 489.Sh SEE ALSO 490.Xr apropos 1 , 491.Xr find 1 , 492.Xr locate 1 , 493.Xr whatis 1 , 494.Xr whereis 1 , 495.Xr which 1 496.Sh HISTORY 497A 498.Nm 499manual page appeared in 500.At v7 . 501