1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.28 2001/08/20 05:57:55 mpech Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 18.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 19.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 20.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 21.\" without specific prior written permission. 22.\" 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 24.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 25.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 26.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 27.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 36.\" 37.Dd June 5, 1993 38.Dt HIER 7 39.Os 40.Sh NAME 41.Nm hier 42.Nd layout of filesystems 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 45.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 46.It Li / 47Root directory. 48.It Li /altroot/ 49Alternate (backup) location for the root 50.Pq Sq / 51filesystem. 52.It Li /bin/ 53User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 54These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 55system libraries to run. 56.It Li /bsd 57Pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 58at boot-time). 59.It Li /dev/ 60Block and character device files. 61.Pp 62.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 63.It Li MAKEDEV 64Script for creating device files (see 65.Xr makedev 8 ) . 66.It Li fd/ 67File descriptor files (see 68.Xr fd 4 ) . 69.El 70.It Li /emul/ 71Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 72emulation is in effect (see 73.Xr compat_bsdos 8 , 74.Xr compat_freebsd 8 , 75.Xr compat_ibcs2 8 , 76.Xr compat_linux 8 , 77.Xr compat_sunos 8 , 78.Xr compat_svr4 8 , 79.Xr compat_ultrix 8 ) . 80.It Li /etc/ 81System configuration files and scripts. 82.Pp 83.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 84.It Li localtime 85Local timezone information (see 86.Xr ctime 3 ) . 87.It Li disklabels/ 88Backup disklabels (see 89.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 90.It Li kerberosIV/ 91Configuration files for the Kerberos version IV system (see 92.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 93.It Li mail/ 94.Xr sendmail 8 95configuration files (including 96.Xr aliases 5 ) . 97.It Li mtree/ 98.Xr mtree 99configuration files (see 100.Xr mtree 8 ) . 101.It Li ppp/ 102.Xr pppd 103configuration files (see 104.Xr pppd 8 ) . 105.It Li skel/ 106Example 107.Dq \&. 108(dot) files for new accounts. 109.It Li uucp/ 110.Xr uucp 111configuration files (see 112.Xr uucp 1 ) . 113.El 114.It Li /home/ 115Default location for user home directories. 116.It Li /mnt/ 117Empty directory commonly used by 118system administrators as a temporary mount point. 119.It Li /root/ 120Default home directory for the superuser. 121.It Li /sbin/ 122System programs and administration utilities 123fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 124.It Li /stand/ 125Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 126.It Li /tmp/ 127Temporary files, usually an 128.Xr mfs 8 129memory-based filesystem (the contents 130of 131.Pa /tmp 132are usually 133.Em not 134preserved across a system reboot). 135.It Li /usr/ 136Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 137.Pp 138.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 139.It Li X11R6/ 140Files required for the X11 window system. 141.Pp 142.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 143.It Li bin/ 144X11 binaries. 145.It Li include/ 146X11-specific C include files. 147.It Li lib/ 148X11 archive libraries. 149.Pp 150.Bl -tag -width "X11/" -compact 151.It Li X11/ 152Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications (see 153.Xr xdm 1 , 154.Xr xkb 1 , 155.Xr twm 1 ) . 156.Pp 157.El 158.It Li man/ 159X11 manual pages. 160.El 161.Pp 162.It Li bin/ 163Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 164.It Li games/ 165Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 166.It Li include/ 167Standard C include files. 168.Pp 169.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 170.It Li arpa/ 171C include files for Internet service protocols. 172.It Li kerberosIV/ 173C include files for Kerberos authentication package (see 174.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 175.It Li crypto/ 176C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 177.It Li ddb/ 178C include files for the kernel debugger (see 179.Xr ddb 4 ) . 180.It Li g++/ 181Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 182.It Li isofs/ 183C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 184.It Li miscfs/ 185C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 186.It Li netatalk/ 187C include files for the AppleTalk protocol. 188.It Li netccitt/ 189.It Li netipx/ 190C include files for the IPX protocol. 191.It Li netnatm/ 192.It Li objc/ 193C include files for GNU Objective-C. 194.It Li ssl/ 195C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 196.Xr ssl 8 ) . 197.It Li readline/ 198.It Li rpc/ 199C include files for remote procedure calling (see 200.Xr rpc 5 ) . 201.It Li rpcsvc/ 202.It Li scsi/ 203SCSI-specific C include files. 204.It Li uvm/ 205C include files for the New and Improved virtual memory interface. 206.It Li vm/ 207C include files for the virtual memory interface. 208.It Li xfs/ 209C include files for the XFS file system. 210.It Li dev/ 211Device-specific C include files. 212.It Li machine/ 213Machine specific C include files. 214.It Li net/ 215Miscellaneous network C include files. 216.It Li netinet/ 217C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 218.Xr inet 4 ) . 219.It Li netinet6/ 220C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 221.Xr inet6 4 ) . 222.It Li netiso/ 223C include files for ISO standard protocols (see 224.Xr iso 4 ) . 225.It Li netns/ 226C include files for XNS standard protocols (see 227.Xr ns 4 ) . 228.It Li nfs/ 229C include files for NFS (Network File System). 230.It Li protocols/ 231C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 232.It Li sys/ 233System C include files (kernel data structures). 234.It Li ufs/ 235C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 236.El 237.Pp 238.It Li lib/ 239Archive libraries. 240.It Li libdata/ 241Miscellaneous utility data files. 242.It Li libexec/ 243System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 244.Pp 245.Bl -tag -width "auth/" -compact 246.It Li auth/ 247Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication). 248.El 249.Pp 250.It Li lkm/ 251.It Li mdec/ 252.It Li local/ 253Local executables, libraries, etc. 254.It Li obj/ 255Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 256.Pa /usr/src 257tree. 258.It Li ports/ 259The 260.Ox 261ports collection (see 262.Xr ports 7 ) . 263.It Li sbin/ 264System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 265.It Li share/ 266Architecture independent data files. 267.Pp 268.Bl -tag -width "groff_font/" -compact 269.It Li calendar/ 270Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 271.Xr calendar 1 ) . 272.It Li dict/ 273Word lists (see 274.Xr look 1 ) . 275.Pp 276.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 277.It Li words 278Common words. 279.It Li web2 280Words from Webster's 2nd International. 281.It Li web2a 282Additional words from Webster's. 283.It Li propernames 284List of proper names. 285.It Li eign 286.It Li papers/ 287Reference databases (see 288.Xr refer 1 ) . 289.It Li special/ 290Custom word lists. 291.El 292.Pp 293.It Li doc/ 294Miscellaneous documentation; 295source for most of the printed 296.Bx 4.3 297manuals (available 298from the 299.Tn USENIX 300association). 301.It Li games/ 302ASCII text files used by various games. 303.It Li groff_font/ 304GNU troff shared fonts. 305.It Li info/ 306Texinfo source files. 307.It Li ipsec/ 308IPsec example files. 309.It Li lkm/ 310Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 311.Xr lkm 4 ) . 312.It Li locale/ 313.It Li man/ 314Manual pages. 315.It Li misc/ 316Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 317.Bl -tag -width Fl 318.It Li termcap 319Terminal characteristics database (see 320.Xr termcap 5 ) . 321.El 322.Pp 323.It Li mk/ 324Templates for 325.Xr make 326(see 327.Xr make 1 ) . 328.It Li nls/ 329.It Li sendmail/ 330Example files for 331.Xr sendmail 8 . 332.It Li vi/catalog/ 333Catalog files for the 334.Xr vi 1 335text editor. 336.It Li tabset/ 337Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 338the termcap file (see 339.Xr termcap 5 ) . 340.It Li tmac/ 341Text processing macros (see 342.Xr nroff 1 343and 344.Xr troff 1 ) . 345.It Li zoneinfo/ 346Timezone configuration information (see 347.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 348.El 349.Pp 350.It Li src/ 351BSD and/or local source files 352.Pp 353.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 354.It Li bin/ 355Source for files in 356.Pa /bin . 357.It Li etc/ 358Source for files in 359.Pa /etc . 360.It Li games/ 361Source for files in 362.Pa /usr/games . 363.It Li gnu/ 364Source for files with GPL license. 365.It Li include/ 366Source for files in 367.Pa /usr/include . 368.It Li kerberosIV/ 369Source for Kerberos version IV. 370.It Li lib/ 371Source for files in 372.Pa /usr/lib . 373.It Li libexec/ 374Source for files in 375.Pa /usr/libexec . 376.It Li lkm/ 377Source for files in 378.Pa /usr/lkm . 379.It Li sbin/ 380Source for files in 381.Pa /sbin . 382.It Li share/ 383Source for files in 384.Pa /usr/share . 385.It Li sys/ 386Kernel source files. 387.It Li usr.bin/ 388Source for files in 389.Pa /usr/bin . 390.It Li usr.sbin/ 391Source for files in 392.Pa /usr/sbin . 393.El 394.El 395.It Li /var/ 396Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 397.Pp 398.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 399.It Li account/ 400System accounting files. 401.Pp 402.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 403.It Li acct 404Execution accounting file (see 405.Xr acct 5 ) . 406.El 407.Pp 408.It Li at/ 409.Xr timed 8 410command scheduling files (see 411.Xr at 1 ) . 412.It Li backups/ 413Miscellaneous backup files. 414.It Li db/ 415Miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files. 416.It Li games/ 417Miscellaneous game status and log files. 418.It Li log/ 419Miscellaneous system log files. 420.Pp 421.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 422.It Li wtmp 423Login/logout log (see 424.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 425.El 426.Pp 427.It Li mail/ 428User mailbox files. 429.It Li namedb/ 430.Xr named 431configuration files (see 432.Xr named 8 ) . 433.It Li preserve/ 434Temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 435of an editor (see 436.Xr ex 1 ) . 437.It Li quotas/ 438Filesystem quota information files. 439.It Li run/ 440System information files describing various info about the 441system since it was booted. 442.Pp 443.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 444.It Li utmp 445Database of current users (see 446.Xr utmp 5 ) . 447.El 448.Pp 449.It Li rwho/ 450.Xr rwho 451data files (see 452.Xr rwhod 8 , 453.Xr rwho 1 , 454and 455.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 456.It Li spool/ 457Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 458.Pp 459.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 460.It Li ftp/ 461Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 462.It Li mqueue/ 463Undelivered mail queue (see 464.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 465.It Li output/ 466Line printer spooling directories. 467.It Li uucp/ 468.Xr uucp 469spool directory. 470.It Li uucppublic/ 471Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 472.El 473.Pp 474.It Li tmp/ 475Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 476.El 477.El 478.Sh SEE ALSO 479.Xr apropos 1 , 480.Xr find 1 , 481.Xr locate 1 , 482.Xr whatis 1 , 483.Xr whereis 1 , 484.Xr which 1 485.Sh HISTORY 486A 487.Nm 488manual page appeared in 489.At v7 . 490