1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.163 2019/08/10 08:14:17 tb Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: August 10 2019 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multiprocessor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /bsd.sp 66Pure kernel executable 67for single processor machines. 68.It /dev/ 69Block and character device files. 70.Pp 71.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 72.It MAKEDEV 73Script for creating device files (see 74.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 75.It fd/ 76File descriptor files (see 77.Xr fd 4 ) . 78.El 79.It /etc/ 80System configuration files and scripts. 81.Pp 82.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 83.It localtime 84Local time zone information (see 85.Xr ctime 3 ) . 86.It X11/ 87Configuration files for the X11 window system. 88.It acme/ 89Private keys for 90.Xr acme-client 1 . 91.It amd/ 92Contains map files for 93.Xr amd 8 . 94.It authpf/ 95Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 96.Xr authpf 8 ) . 97.It examples/ 98Example configuration files for base system daemons. 99.It firmware/ 100Firmware files for various devices. 101.It fonts/ 102Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 103.It hotplug/ 104Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 105.Xr hotplugd 8 . 106.It iked/ 107Configuration files for 108.Xr iked 8 . 109.It isakmpd/ 110Configuration files for 111.Xr isakmpd 8 . 112.It ldap/ 113Certificates and schema definition files for 114.Xr ldapd 8 . 115.It mail/ 116System mail configuration files. 117.It mtree/ 118.Xr mtree 8 119configuration files. 120.It npppd/ 121.Xr npppd 8 122configuration files. 123.It ppp/ 124.Xr pppd 8 125configuration files. 126.It raddb/servers/ 127List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 128.Xr login_radius 8 . 129.It rc.d/ 130.Xr packages 7 131start/stop scripts and subroutines for 132.Xr rc 8 . 133.It signify/ 134Key files used by 135.Xr signify 1 . 136.It skel/ 137Example 138.Sq .\& 139(dot) files for new accounts. 140.It skey/ 141One-time password user database for 142.Xr skey 1 . 143.It ssh/ 144Configuration files for 145.Xr ssh 1 146and 147.Xr sshd 8 . 148.It ssl/ 149OpenSSL configuration files (see 150.Xr openssl 1 ) . 151.El 152.It /home/ 153Default location for user home directories. 154.Pp 155.Bl -tag -width _sysupgrade/ -compact 156.It _sysupgrade/ 157Download location for 158.Xr sysupgrade 8 . 159.El 160.It /mnt/ 161Empty directory commonly used by 162system administrators as a temporary mount point. 163.It /root/ 164Default home directory for the superuser. 165.It /sbin/ 166System programs and administration utilities 167fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 168These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 169system libraries to run. 170.It /tmp/ 171Temporary files that are 172.Em not 173preserved between system reboots. 174Periodically cleaned by 175.Xr daily 8 . 176.It /usr/ 177Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 178.Pp 179.Bl -tag -width "xenocara/" -compact 180.It X11R6/ 181Files required for the X11 window system. 182.Pp 183.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 184.It bin/ 185X11 binaries. 186.It include/ 187X11-specific C include files. 188.It lib/ 189X11 archive libraries. 190.Pp 191.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 192.It X11/ 193Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications. 194.It modules/ 195Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 196.It pkgconfig/ 197Package metadata for 198.Xr pkg-config 1 . 199.It xorg/ 200Data files used by the X server. 201.El 202.Pp 203.It man/ 204X11 manual pages. 205.It share/ 206Architecture independent data files. 207.El 208.Pp 209.It bin/ 210Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 211.It games/ 212Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 213.It include/ 214Standard C include files. 215.Pp 216.Bl -tag -width "libmilter/" -compact 217.It arpa/ 218C include files for Internet service protocols. 219.It c++/ 220Include files for the Clang C++ compiler. 221.It crypto/ 222C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 223.It ddb/ 224C include files for the kernel debugger (see 225.Xr ddb 4 ) . 226.It dev/ 227Device-specific C include files. 228.It g++/ 229Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 230.It isofs/ 231C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 232.It machine/ 233Machine specific C include files. 234.It miscfs/ 235C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 236.It msdosfs/ 237C include files for MS-DOS file system. 238.It net/ 239Miscellaneous network C include files. 240.It net80211/ 241C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 242.It netinet/ 243C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 244.Xr inet 4 ) . 245.It netinet6/ 246C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 247.Xr inet6 4 ) . 248.It netmpls/ 249C include files for the MPLS protocol. 250.It nfs/ 251C include files for NFS (Network File System). 252.It ntfs/ 253C include files for NTFS file system. 254.It objc/ 255C include files for GNU Objective-C. 256.It openssl/ 257C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 258.Xr ssl 8 ) . 259.It protocols/ 260C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 261.It readline/ 262C include files for the 263.Xr readline 3 264library. 265.It rpc/ 266C include files for remote procedure calling (see 267.Xr rpc 5 ) . 268.It rpcsvc/ 269C include files for rpcsvc. 270.It scsi/ 271SCSI-specific C include files. 272.It sys/ 273System C include files (kernel data structures). 274.It ufs/ 275C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 276.It uvm/ 277C include files for the virtual memory interface. 278.El 279.Pp 280.It lib/ 281System libraries. 282See 283.Xr intro 3 284for a description of library types. 285.It libdata/ 286Miscellaneous utility data files. 287.Pp 288.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 289.It cvs/ 290Placeholder for user contributed 291.Xr cvs 1 292code/scripts. 293.It ldscripts/ 294ELF linker scripts. 295.It perl5/ 296Data files for 297.Xr perl 1 . 298.El 299.Pp 300.It libexec/ 301System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 302.Pp 303.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 304.It auth/ 305Login scripts used to authenticate users (for 306.Bx 307Authentication). 308.It cvs/contrib/ 309User contributed 310.Xr cvs 1 311scripts. 312.It lpr/ 313Contains the lpf filter for 314.Xr lpd 8 . 315.It radiusd/ 316Authentication modules for 317.Xr radiusd 8 . 318.El 319.Pp 320.It local/ 321Local executables, libraries, etc. 322.It mdec/ 323Boot-related executables. 324.It obj/ 325Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 326.Pa /usr/src 327tree. 328.It ports/ 329The 330.Ox 331ports collection (see 332.Xr ports 7 ) . 333.It sbin/ 334System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 335.It share/ 336Architecture independent data files. 337.Pp 338.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 339.It calendar/ 340Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 341.Xr calendar 1 ) . 342.It dict/ 343Word lists (see 344.Xr look 1 345and 346.Xr spell 1 ) . 347.Pp 348.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 349.It american 350Spellings preferred in American usage. 351.It british 352Spellings preferred in British usage. 353.It propernames 354List of proper names. 355.It stop 356Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 357.Xr spell 1 358from words in the other files in 359.Pa /usr/share/dict , 360but should not be accepted. 361.It web2 362Words from Webster's 2nd International. 363.It web2a 364Additional words from Webster's. 365.It words 366Common words. 367.It papers/ 368Reference databases. 369.It special/ 370Custom word lists. 371.El 372.Pp 373.It doc/ 374Miscellaneous documentation. 375.It games/ 376ASCII text files used by various games. 377.It info/ 378Texinfo source files. 379.It locale/ 380Locales for multi-language support. 381.It man/ 382Manual pages. 383.Pp 384.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 385.It man1/ 386General commands (tools and utilities). 387.It man2/ 388System calls and error numbers. 389.It man3/ 390Libraries. 391.It man3p/ 392.Xr perl 1 393programmers' reference guide. 394.It man4/ 395Special files and hardware support. 396.It man5/ 397File formats. 398.It man6/ 399Games. 400.It man7/ 401Miscellaneous. 402.It man8/ 403System maintenance and operation commands. 404.It man9/ 405Kernel internals. 406.El 407.Pp 408.It misc/ 409Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 410.Pp 411.Bl -tag -width pcvtfonts/ -compact 412.It termcap 413Terminal characteristics database (see 414.Xr termcap 5 ) . 415.It pcvtfonts/ 416Additional console fonts. 417.El 418.Pp 419.It mk/ 420Templates for 421.Xr make 1 . 422.It relink/ 423Link kit for boot-time kernel and library relinking. 424.It snmp/ 425Data files for 426.Xr snmpd 8 . 427.Pp 428.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 429.It mibs/ 430Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 431.El 432.Pp 433.It tabset/ 434Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 435the termcap file (see 436.Xr termcap 5 ) . 437.It terminfo/ 438Compiled terminal characteristic files (see 439.Xr terminfo 5 ) . 440.It texinfo/ 441Templates for 442.Xr texinfo 5 . 443.It zoneinfo/ 444Time zone configuration information (see 445.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 446.El 447.Pp 448.It src/ 449.Bx 450and/or local source files. 451.Pp 452.Bl -tag -width "usr.sbin/" -compact 453.It bin/ 454Source for files in 455.Pa /bin . 456.It distrib/ 457Source for making distribution sets. 458.It etc/ 459Source for files in 460.Pa /etc . 461.It games/ 462Source for files in 463.Pa /usr/games . 464.It gnu/ 465Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 466.It include/ 467Source for files in 468.Pa /usr/include . 469.It lib/ 470Source for files in 471.Pa /usr/lib . 472.It libexec/ 473Source for files in 474.Pa /usr/libexec . 475.It regress/ 476Regress framework. 477.It sbin/ 478Source for files in 479.Pa /sbin . 480.It share/ 481Source for files in 482.Pa /usr/share . 483.It sys/ 484Kernel source files. 485.It usr.bin/ 486Source for files in 487.Pa /usr/bin . 488.It usr.sbin/ 489Source for files in 490.Pa /usr/sbin . 491.El 492.Pp 493.It xenocara/ 494Source for the X11 window system. 495.Pp 496.It xobj/ 497Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 498.Pa /usr/xenocara 499tree. 500.El 501.It /var/ 502Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 503.Pp 504.Bl -tag -width "sysmerge/" -compact 505.It account/ 506System accounting files. 507.Pp 508.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 509.It acct 510Execution accounting file (see 511.Xr acct 5 ) . 512.El 513.Pp 514.It audit/ 515Audit logs. 516.It authpf/ 517PID file for 518.Xr authpf 8 . 519.It backups/ 520Miscellaneous backup files. 521.It cache/ 522Data cached for programs. 523.It crash/ 524Crash dumps written by 525.Xr savecore 8 . 526.It cron/ 527Spools and configuration files for 528.Xr cron 8 529and 530.Xr at 1 . 531.Pp 532.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 533.It atjobs/ 534.Xr at 1 535jobs. 536.It tabs/ 537Individual 538.Xr crontab 1 539files. 540.El 541.Pp 542.It db/ 543Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 544.It empty/ 545Generic 546.Xr chroot 2 547directory. 548.It games/ 549Miscellaneous game status and log files. 550.It log/ 551Miscellaneous system log files. 552.Pp 553.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 554.It wtmp 555Login/logout log (see 556.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 557.It rdist/ 558Log files for 559.Xr rdist 1 . 560.El 561.Pp 562.It mail/ 563User mailbox files. 564.It nsd/ 565Database and zone files for 566.Xr nsd 8 . 567.It quotas/ 568Filesystem quota information files. 569.It run/ 570System information files describing various info about the 571system since it was booted. 572.Pp 573.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 574.It rc.d/ 575Details of currently running daemons; 576used by 577.Xr rc.d 8 . 578.It utmp 579Database of current users (see 580.Xr utmp 5 ) . 581.El 582.Pp 583.It spool/ 584Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 585.Pp 586.Bl -tag -width "output/" -compact 587.It ftp/ 588Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 589.It lock/ 590Lock files for utilities such as 591.Xr pppd 8 . 592.It output/ 593Line printer spooling directories. 594.It smtpd/ 595Mail spool for 596.Xr smtpd 8 . 597.El 598.Pp 599.It sysmerge/ 600Checksum files and reference sets 601for 602.Xr sysmerge 8 . 603.It syspatch/ 604Rollback tarballs and patch files for 605.Xr syspatch 8 . 606.It tmp -> ../tmp 607A symbolic link to the system 608.Pa /tmp 609directory. 610To protect other users of 611.Pa /var 612from overfill conditions, this is no longer a space you can trust to 613retain storage over a reboot. 614Periodically cleaned by 615.Xr daily 8 . 616.It unbound/ 617Configuration files for 618.Xr unbound 8 . 619.It www/ 620Configuration files for 621.Xr httpd 8 . 622.It yp/ 623Files for the 624.Xr yp 8 625subsystem. 626.El 627.El 628.Sh SEE ALSO 629.Xr apropos 1 , 630.Xr find 1 , 631.Xr locate 1 , 632.Xr whatis 1 , 633.Xr whereis 1 , 634.Xr which 1 635.Sh HISTORY 636A 637.Nm 638manual page appeared in 639.At v7 . 640