1.\" $OpenBSD: wpi.4,v 1.41 2019/03/29 07:07:05 jmc Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2006, 2007 4.\" Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following 11.\" disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.Dd $Mdocdate: March 29 2019 $ 29.Dt WPI 4 30.Os 31.Sh NAME 32.Nm wpi 33.Nd Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless network device 34.Sh SYNOPSIS 35.Cd "wpi* at pci?" 36.Sh DESCRIPTION 37The 38.Nm 39driver provides support for Intel 40PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Mini PCI Express network adapters. 41.Pp 42These are the modes the 43.Nm 44driver can operate in: 45.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 46.It BSS mode 47Also known as 48.Em infrastructure 49mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 50which all traffic passes. 51This mode is the default. 52.It monitor mode 53In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 54associating with an access point. 55This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 56capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 57or to scan for access points. 58.El 59.Pp 60The 61.Nm 62driver can be configured to use 63Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 64Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 65WPA is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 66It is strongly recommended that WEP 67not be used as the sole mechanism 68to secure wireless communication, 69due to serious weaknesses in it. 70The 71.Nm 72driver offloads both encryption and decryption of unicast data frames to the 73hardware for the CCMP cipher. 74.Pp 75In BSS mode, 76the driver supports powersave mode, 77which can be enabled via 78.Xr ifconfig 8 . 79.Pp 80The 81.Nm 82driver can be configured at runtime with 83.Xr ifconfig 8 84or on boot with 85.Xr hostname.if 5 . 86.Sh FILES 87The driver needs at least version 3.1 of the following firmware file, 88which is loaded when an interface is brought up: 89.Pp 90.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 91.It Pa /etc/firmware/wpi-3945abg 92.El 93.Pp 94This firmware file is not free because Intel refuses to grant 95distribution rights without contractual obligations. 96As a result, even though 97.Ox 98includes the driver, the firmware file cannot be included and 99users have to download this file on their own. 100.Pp 101A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using 102.Xr fw_update 1 . 103.Sh EXAMPLES 104The following example scans for available networks: 105.Pp 106.Dl # ifconfig wpi0 scan 107.Pp 108The following 109.Xr hostname.if 5 110example configures wpi0 to join network 111.Dq mynwid , 112using WPA key 113.Dq mywpakey , 114obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 115.Bd -literal -offset indent 116nwid mynwid wpakey mywpakey 117dhcp 118.Ed 119.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 120.Bl -diag 121.It "wpi0: device timeout" 122A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 123The driver will reset the hardware. 124This should not happen. 125.It "wpi0: fatal firmware error" 126For some reason, the firmware crashed. 127The driver will reset the hardware. 128This should not happen. 129.It "wpi0: Radio transmitter is off" 130The radio transmitter is off and thus no packet can go out. 131The driver will reset the hardware. 132Make sure the laptop radio switch is on. 133.It "wpi0: error N, could not read firmware ..." 134For some reason, the driver was unable to read the firmware image from the 135filesystem. 136The file might be missing or corrupted. 137.It "wpi0: firmware file too short: N bytes" 138The firmware image is corrupted and can't be loaded into the adapter. 139.It "wpi0: could not load firmware" 140An attempt to load the firmware into the adapter failed. 141The driver will reset the hardware. 142.El 143.Sh SEE ALSO 144.Xr arp 4 , 145.Xr ifmedia 4 , 146.Xr intro 4 , 147.Xr netintro 4 , 148.Xr pci 4 , 149.Xr hostname.if 5 , 150.Xr ifconfig 8 151.Sh HISTORY 152The 153.Nm 154driver first appeared in 155.Ox 4.0 . 156.Sh AUTHORS 157The 158.Nm 159driver was written by 160.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien.bergamini@free.fr . 161