1.\" $OpenBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.30 2014/06/23 13:45:14 jmc Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 4.\" 5.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 6.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 7.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 8.\" 9.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 10.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 11.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 12.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 13.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 14.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 15.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 16.\" 17.Dd $Mdocdate: June 23 2014 $ 18.Dt URTWN 4 19.Os 20.Sh NAME 21.Nm urtwn 22.Nd Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device 23.Sh SYNOPSIS 24.Cd "urtwn* at uhub? port ?" 25.Sh DESCRIPTION 26The 27.Nm 28driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Realtek 29RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188RU and RTL8192CU chipsets. 30.Pp 31The RTL8188CUS is a highly integrated 802.11n adapter that combines 32a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. 33It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 34The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CUS. 35The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches 36to the USB interface. 37.Pp 38The RTL8192CU is a highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) 39802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an 40RF in a single chip. 41It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 42.Pp 43These are the modes the 44.Nm 45driver can operate in: 46.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 47.It BSS mode 48Also known as 49.Em infrastructure 50mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 51which all traffic passes. 52This mode is the default. 53.It monitor mode 54In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 55associating with an access point. 56This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 57capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 58or to scan for access points. 59.El 60.Pp 61The 62.Nm 63driver can be configured to use 64Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 65Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 66WPA is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 67It is strongly recommended that WEP 68not be used as the sole mechanism 69to secure wireless communication, 70due to serious weaknesses in it. 71.Pp 72The 73.Nm 74driver can be configured at runtime with 75.Xr ifconfig 8 76or on boot with 77.Xr hostname.if 5 . 78.Sh FILES 79The driver needs at least version 1.1p0 of the following firmware files, 80which are loaded when an interface is attached: 81.Pp 82.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 83.It /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwT 84.It /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwU 85.It /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8723fw 86.El 87.Pp 88A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using 89.Xr fw_update 1 . 90.Sh HARDWARE 91The following adapters should work: 92.Pp 93.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 94.It Airlink101 AWLL5088 95.It Alfa AWUS036NHR 96.It Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S 97.It B-Link BL-LW05-5R 98.It Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro 99.It D-Link DWA-121 100.It D-Link DWA-131 rev B 101.It D-Link DWA-133 102.It D-Link DWA-135 103.It Digitus DN-7042 104.It Edimax EW-7811Un 105.It EDUP EP-N8508 106.It Full River FR-W100NUL 107.It Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150 108.It IO-DATA WN-G150UM 109.It ISY IWL4000 USB Wireless Micro Adapter 110.It Netgear WNA1000A 111.It Patriot PCUSBW1150 112.It Planex GW-USEco300 113.It Planex GW-USNano2 114.It Planex GW-USValue-EZ 115.It Planex GW-USWExtreme 116.It POWCHIP POW-N18 117.It Prolink WN2201 118.It Sitecom WL-365 119.It Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N 120.It TRENDnet TEW-648UBM 121.El 122.Sh EXAMPLES 123The following example scans for available networks: 124.Pp 125.Dl # ifconfig urtwn0 scan 126.Pp 127The following 128.Xr hostname.if 5 129example configures urtwn0 to join network 130.Dq mynwid , 131using WPA key 132.Dq mywpakey , 133obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 134.Bd -literal -offset indent 135nwid mynwid 136wpakey mywpakey 137dhcp 138.Ed 139.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 140.Bl -diag 141.It "urtwn0: error N, could not read firmware ..." 142For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the 143filesystem. 144The file might be missing or corrupted. 145.It "urtwn0: device timeout" 146A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 147The driver will reset the hardware. 148This should not happen. 149.El 150.Sh SEE ALSO 151.Xr arp 4 , 152.Xr ifmedia 4 , 153.Xr intro 4 , 154.Xr netintro 4 , 155.Xr usb 4 , 156.Xr hostname.if 5 , 157.Xr ifconfig 8 158.Sh HISTORY 159The 160.Nm 161driver first appeared in 162.Ox 4.9 . 163.Sh AUTHORS 164The 165.Nm 166driver was written by 167.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien.bergamini@free.fr . 168.Sh CAVEATS 169The 170.Nm 171driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the 172adapters. 173Additional work is required in 174.Xr ieee80211 9 175before those features can be supported. 176