1.\" $OpenBSD: ural.4,v 1.22 2016/06/16 17:25:32 martijn Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2005-2007 4.\" Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd $Mdocdate: June 16 2016 $ 19.Dt URAL 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm ural 23.Nd Ralink Technology/MediaTek USB IEEE 802.11b/g wireless network device 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "ural* at uhub? port ?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver supports USB 2.0 wireless adapters based on the Ralink RT2500USB 30chipset. 31.Pp 32The RT2500USB chipset is the first generation of 802.11b/g adapters from Ralink. 33It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2570 MAC/BBP and an RT2526 radio 34transceiver. 35.Pp 36These are the modes the 37.Nm 38driver can operate in: 39.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 40.It BSS mode 41Also known as 42.Em infrastructure 43mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 44which all traffic passes. 45This mode is the default. 46.It IBSS mode 47Also known as 48.Em IEEE ad-hoc 49mode or 50.Em peer-to-peer 51mode. 52This is the standardized method of operating without an access point. 53Stations associate with a service set. 54However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer. 55.It Host AP 56In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station) 57for other cards. 58.It monitor mode 59In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 60associating with an access point. 61This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 62capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 63or to scan for access points. 64.El 65.Pp 66The 67.Nm 68driver can be configured to use 69Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 70Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 71WPA is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 72It is strongly recommended that WEP 73not be used as the sole mechanism 74to secure wireless communication, 75due to serious weaknesses in it. 76The 77.Nm 78driver relies on the software 802.11 stack for both encryption and decryption 79of data frames. 80.Pp 81The transmit speed is user-selectable or can be adapted automatically by the 82driver depending on the number of hardware transmission retries. 83.Pp 84The 85.Nm 86driver can be configured at runtime with 87.Xr ifconfig 8 88or on boot with 89.Xr hostname.if 5 . 90.Sh HARDWARE 91The following adapters should work: 92.Pp 93.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 94.It AMIT WL532U 95.It ASUS WL-167g v1 96.It Belkin F5D7050 v2000 97.It Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54 98.It Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54-AI 99.It Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54-YB 100.It CNet CWD-854 101.It Compex WLU54G 2A1100 102.It Conceptronic C54RU 103.It D-Link DWL-G122 (b1) 104.It Dynalink WLG25USB 105.It E-Tech WGUS02 106.It Eminent EM3035 107.It Gigabyte GN-WBKG 108.It Hercules HWGUSB2-54 109.It KCORP LifeStyle KLS-685 110.It Linksys HU200-TS 111.It Linksys WUSB54G v4 112.It Linksys WUSB54GP v4 113.It MSI MS-6861 114.It MSI MS-6865 115.It MSI MS-6869 116.It Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector 117.It Nova Tech NV-902W 118.It OvisLink Evo-W54USB 119.It SerComm UB801R 120.It SparkLAN WL-685R 121.It Sphairon UB801R 122.It Surecom EP-9001-g rev 3A 123.It Sweex LC100060 124.It Tonze UW-6200C 125.It Zaapa ZNWUSB-54 126.It Zinwell ZPlus-G250 127.It Zinwell ZWX-G261 128.It Zonet ZEW2500P 129.El 130.Sh EXAMPLES 131The following example scans for available networks: 132.Pp 133.Dl # ifconfig ural0 scan 134.Pp 135The following 136.Xr hostname.if 5 137example configures ural0 to join network 138.Dq mynwid , 139using WPA key 140.Dq mywpakey , 141obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 142.Bd -literal -offset indent 143nwid mynwid 144wpakey mywpakey 145dhcp 146.Ed 147.Pp 148The following 149.Xr hostname.if 5 150example creates a host-based access point on boot: 151.Bd -literal -offset indent 152mediaopt hostap 153nwid mynwid 154wpakey mywpakey 155inet 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 156.Ed 157.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 158.Bl -diag 159.It "ural0: device timeout" 160A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 161The driver will reset the hardware. 162This should not happen. 163.El 164.Sh SEE ALSO 165.Xr arp 4 , 166.Xr ifmedia 4 , 167.Xr intro 4 , 168.Xr netintro 4 , 169.Xr usb 4 , 170.Xr hostname.if 5 , 171.Xr hostapd 8 , 172.Xr ifconfig 8 173.Sh HISTORY 174The 175.Nm 176driver first appeared in 177.Ox 3.7 . 178.Sh AUTHORS 179The 180.Nm 181driver was written by 182.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien.bergamini@free.fr . 183.Sh CAVEATS 184The 185.Nm 186driver supports automatic control of the transmit speed in BSS mode only. 187Therefore the use of an 188.Nm 189adapter in Host AP mode is discouraged. 190.Pp 191Host AP mode doesn't support power saving. 192Clients attempting to use power saving mode may experience significant 193packet loss (disabling power saving on the client will fix this). 194