1.\" $OpenBSD: rtwn.4,v 1.2 2015/07/09 11:28:53 stsp Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 4.\" Copyright (c) 2015 Stefan Sperling <stsp@openbsd.org> 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd $Mdocdate: July 9 2015 $ 19.Dt RTWN 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm rtwn 23.Nd Realtek RTL8188CE PCIe IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "rtwn* at pci? port ?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver supports PCIe wireless network devices based on the Realtek 30RTL8188CE chipset. 31.Pp 32The RTL8188CE is a highly integrated 802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, 33a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. 34It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 35.Pp 36These are the modes the 37.Nm 38driver can operate in: 39.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 40.It BSS mode 41Also known as 42.Em infrastructure 43mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 44which all traffic passes. 45This mode is the default. 46.It monitor mode 47In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 48associating with an access point. 49This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 50capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 51or to scan for access points. 52.El 53.Pp 54The 55.Nm 56driver can be configured to use 57Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 58Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 59WPA is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 60It is strongly recommended that WEP 61not be used as the sole mechanism 62to secure wireless communication, 63due to serious weaknesses in it. 64.Pp 65The 66.Nm 67driver can be configured at runtime with 68.Xr ifconfig 8 69or on boot with 70.Xr hostname.if 5 . 71.Sh FILES 72The driver needs at least version 1.0 of the following firmware files, 73which are loaded when an interface is brought up: 74.Pp 75.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 76.It /etc/firmware/rtwn-rtl8192cfwU 77.It /etc/firmware/rtwn-rtl8192cfwU_B 78.El 79.Pp 80A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using 81.Xr fw_update 1 . 82.Sh EXAMPLES 83The following example scans for available networks: 84.Pp 85.Dl # ifconfig rtwn0 scan 86.Pp 87The following 88.Xr hostname.if 5 89example configures rtwn0 to join network 90.Dq mynwid , 91using WPA key 92.Dq mywpakey , 93obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 94.Bd -literal -offset indent 95nwid mynwid 96wpakey mywpakey 97dhcp 98.Ed 99.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 100.Bl -diag 101.It "rtwn0: could not read firmware ..." 102For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the 103filesystem. 104The file might be missing or corrupted. 105.It "rtwn0: device timeout" 106A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 107The driver will reset the hardware. 108This should not happen. 109.El 110.Sh SEE ALSO 111.Xr arp 4 , 112.Xr ifmedia 4 , 113.Xr intro 4 , 114.Xr netintro 4 , 115.Xr pci 4 , 116.Xr hostname.if 5 , 117.Xr ifconfig 8 118.Sh HISTORY 119The 120.Nm 121driver first appeared in 122.Ox 5.8 . 123.Sh AUTHORS 124The 125.Nm 126driver was written by 127.An -nosplit 128.An Stefan Sperling Aq Mt stsp@openbsd.org . 129It was based on the 130.Xr urtwn 4 131driver written by 132.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien.bergamini@free.fr . 133.Sh CAVEATS 134The 135.Nm 136driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the 137adapters. 138Additional work is required in 139.Xr ieee80211 9 140before those features can be supported. 141