1.\" $OpenBSD: midi.4,v 1.13 2003/06/06 10:29:41 jmc Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: midi.4,v 1.4 1998/08/22 14:45:35 augustss Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1997 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 5.\" All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD 18.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. 19.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its 20.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived 21.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. 22.\" 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 24.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 25.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 26.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 27.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 28.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 29.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 30.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 31.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 32.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 33.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.Dd August 6, 1998 36.Dt MIDI 4 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm midi 40.Nd device-independent MIDI driver layer 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Cd "# alpha" 43.Cd "midi* at opl?" 44.Cd "midi* at pcppi?" 45.Pp 46.Cd "# i386" 47.Cd "midi* at autri?" 48.Cd "midi* at opl?" 49.Cd "midi* at sb?" 50.Cd "midi* at wss?" 51.Ct "midi* at ym?" 52.Cd "midi* at mpu?" 53.Ct "midi* at ympu?" 54.Pp 55.Cd "# sparc64" 56.Cd "midi* at autri?" 57.Pp 58.Cd "pseudo-device sequencer" 59.Pp 60.Fd #include <sys/types.h> 61.Fd #include <sys/midiio.h> 62.Sh DESCRIPTION 63The 64.Nm 65driver provides support for various MIDI peripherals. 66It provides a uniform programming interface layer above different 67underlying MIDI hardware drivers. 68The MIDI hardware can be of many different kinds, e.g., an external 69synthesizer on a MIDI port (or a serial port), the PC speaker, an 70internal FM synth, or a wavetable synth. 71.Pp 72There are two device file types available for MIDI operation: 73.Pa /dev/rmidiN , 74and 75.Pa /dev/music . 76The 77.Pa /dev/rmidiN 78devices provides raw access to a MIDI device. 79Data written is sent to the physical device as fast as possible and 80is uninterpreted. 81Reading from the device returns data as soon as it becomes available. 82A moderate amount of buffering is available both for reading and writing. 83The raw MIDI devices are mostly useful for non realtime operations, such as 84downloading patches to a device, since it is hard to get the accurate timing 85needed for quality music from a user program. 86But the devices can act as a simple patchboard for MIDI devices. 87For example, a MIDI keyboard could be connected to a synthesizer by 88the command 89.Pp 90.Cd "cat -u /dev/rmidi1 >/dev/rmidi2" 91.Pp 92The 93.Pa /dev/music 94device is a MIDI sequencer device. 95Data sent to and from this device not only contains the information sent to the 96MIDI device, but also timing information. 97The kernel will make sure that data is sent to the physical device at the 98indicated time. 99The sequencer device uses the 100.Pa /dev/midiN 101devices internally and they are unavailable when used by the sequencer. 102.Pp 103The API for the sequencer device is binary compatible with the OSS sequencer 104interface. 105.Sh FILES 106.Bl -tag -width /dev/sequencer -compact 107.It Pa /dev/rmidiN 108.It Pa /dev/music 109.It Pa /dev/sequencer 110.El 111.Sh SEE ALSO 112.Xr midiplay 1 , 113.Xr ioctl 2 , 114.Xr ossaudio 3 , 115.Xr audio 4 , 116.Xr autri 4 , 117.Xr mpu 4 , 118.Xr opl 4 , 119.Xr pcppi 4 , 120.Xr sb 4 , 121.Xr wss 4 , 122.Xr ym 4 123.Sh HISTORY 124The 125.Nm 126driver first appeared in 127.Nx 1.4 . 128