1.\" $OpenBSD: midi.4,v 1.16 2003/11/08 19:19:58 jmc Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: midi.4,v 1.4 1998/08/22 14:45:35 augustss Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1997 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 5.\" All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD 18.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. 19.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its 20.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived 21.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. 22.\" 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 24.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 25.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 26.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 27.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 28.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 29.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 30.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 31.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 32.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 33.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.Dd August 6, 1998 36.Dt MIDI 4 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm midi 40.Nd device-independent MIDI driver layer 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Cd "midi* at autri?" 43.Cd "midi* at mpu?" 44.Cd "midi* at opl?" 45.Cd "midi* at pcppi?" 46.Cd "midi* at sb?" 47.Cd "midi* at wss?" 48.Pp 49.Cd "pseudo-device sequencer" 50.Pp 51.Fd #include <sys/types.h> 52.Fd #include <sys/midiio.h> 53.Sh DESCRIPTION 54The 55.Nm 56driver provides support for various MIDI peripherals. 57It provides a uniform programming interface layer above different 58underlying MIDI hardware drivers. 59The MIDI hardware can be of many different kinds, e.g., an external 60synthesizer on a MIDI port (or a serial port), the PC speaker, an 61internal FM synth, or a wavetable synth. 62.Pp 63There are two device file types available for MIDI operation: 64.Pa /dev/rmidiN , 65and 66.Pa /dev/music . 67The 68.Pa /dev/rmidiN 69devices provides raw access to a MIDI device. 70Data written is sent to the physical device as fast as possible and 71is uninterpreted. 72Reading from the device returns data as soon as it becomes available. 73A moderate amount of buffering is available both for reading and writing. 74The raw MIDI devices are mostly useful for non realtime operations, such as 75downloading patches to a device, since it is hard to get the accurate timing 76needed for quality music from a user program. 77But the devices can act as a simple patchboard for MIDI devices. 78For example, a MIDI keyboard could be connected to a synthesizer by 79the command 80.Pp 81.Dl $ cat -u /dev/rmidi1 >/dev/rmidi2 82.Pp 83The 84.Pa /dev/music 85device is a MIDI sequencer device. 86Data sent to and from this device not only contains the information sent to the 87MIDI device, but also timing information. 88The kernel will make sure that data is sent to the physical device at the 89indicated time. 90The sequencer device uses the 91.Pa /dev/midiN 92devices internally and they are unavailable when used by the sequencer. 93.Pp 94The API for the sequencer device is binary compatible with the OSS sequencer 95interface. 96.Sh FILES 97.Bl -tag -width /dev/sequencer -compact 98.It Pa /dev/rmidiN 99.It Pa /dev/music 100.It Pa /dev/sequencer 101.El 102.Sh SEE ALSO 103.Xr midiplay 1 , 104.Xr ioctl 2 , 105.Xr ossaudio 3 , 106.Xr audio 4 , 107.Xr autri 4 , 108.Xr mpu 4 , 109.Xr opl 4 , 110.Xr pcppi 4 , 111.Xr sb 4 , 112.Xr wss 4 , 113.Xr ym 4 114.Sh HISTORY 115The 116.Nm 117driver first appeared in 118.Nx 1.4 . 119