1.\" $OpenBSD: iwn.4,v 1.33 2011/06/09 14:21:11 deraadt Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2007,2008 4.\" Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd $Mdocdate: June 9 2011 $ 19.Dt IWN 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm iwn 23.Nd "Intel WiFi Link 4965/5000/1000/6000 IEEE 802.11a/g/n wireless network devices" 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "iwn* at pci?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver provides support for 30.Tn Intel 31Wireless WiFi Link 4965/5000/1000 and 6000 Series PCIe Mini Card network 32adapters. 33.Pp 34The Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965AGN (codenamed Kedron) is a PCIe 35Mini Card network adapter that operates in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 36It has 2 transmit paths and 3 receiver paths (2T3R). 37It is part of the fourth-generation Centrino platform (codenamed Santa Rosa). 38.Pp 39The Intel WiFi Link 5000 series is a family of wireless network adapters 40that operate in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 41They are part of the fifth-generation Centrino platform (codenamed Montevina). 42These adapters are available in both PCIe Mini Card (model code ending by MMW) 43and PCIe Half Mini Card (model code ending by HMW) form factor. 44The 45.Nm 46driver provides support for the 5100 (codenamed Shirley Peak 1x2), 475150 (codenamed Echo Peak-V), 5300 (codenamed Shirley Peak 3x3) and 485350 (codenamed Echo Peak-P) adapters. 49The 5100 and 5150 adapters have 1 transmit path and 2 receiver paths (1T2R). 50The 5300 and 5350 adapters have 3 transmit paths and 3 receiver paths (3T3R). 51.Pp 52The Intel WiFi Link 1000 (codenamed Condor Peak) is a single-chip wireless 53network adapter that operates in the 2GHz spectrum. 54It is part of the sixth-generation Centrino platform (codenamed Calpella). 55It is available in both PCIe Mini Card (model code ending by MMW) 56and PCIe Half Mini Card (model code ending by HMW) form factor. 57It has 1 transmit path and 2 receiver paths (1T2R). 58.Pp 59The Intel Centrino Ultimate-N 6300 (codenamed Puma Peak 3x3) is a single-chip 60wireless network adapter that operates in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 61It has 3 transmit paths and 3 receiver paths (3T3R). 62The Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6250 (codenamed Kilmer Peak) is a combo 63WiFi/WiMAX network adapter that operates in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 64It has 2 transmit paths and 2 receiver paths (2T2R). 65The Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6200 (codenamed Puma Peak 2x2) is 66a wireless network adapter that operates in the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra. 67It has 2 transmit paths and 2 receiver paths (2T2R). 68These adapters are part of the sixth-generation Centrino platform 69(codenamed Calpella). 70.Pp 71These are the modes the 72.Nm 73driver can operate in: 74.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 75.It BSS mode 76Also known as 77.Em infrastructure 78mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 79which all traffic passes. 80This mode is the default. 81.It monitor mode 82In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 83associating with an access point. 84This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 85capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 86or to scan for access points. 87.El 88.Pp 89The 90.Nm 91driver can be configured to use 92Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 93Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 94WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. 95It is strongly recommended that WEP 96not be used as the sole mechanism 97to secure wireless communication, 98due to serious weaknesses in it. 99The 100.Nm 101driver offloads both encryption and decryption of unicast data frames to the 102hardware for the CCMP cipher. 103.Pp 104The 105.Nm 106driver can be configured at runtime with 107.Xr ifconfig 8 108or on boot with 109.Xr hostname.if 5 . 110.Sh FILES 111The driver needs at least version 5.6 of the following firmware files, 112which are loaded when an interface is brought up: 113.Pp 114.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 115.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-4965 116.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-5000 117.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-5150 118.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-1000 119.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-6000 120.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-6050 121.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-6005 122.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwn-6030 123.El 124.Pp 125These firmware files are not free because Intel refuses to grant 126distribution rights without contractual obligations. 127As a result, even though 128.Ox 129includes the driver, the firmware files cannot be included and 130users have to download these files on their own. 131.Pp 132A prepackaged version of the firmware, designed to be used with 133.Xr pkg_add 1 , 134can be found at: 135.Bd -literal -offset 3n 136http://firmware.openbsd.org/firmware/iwn-firmware-5.6.tgz 137.Ed 138.Sh EXAMPLES 139The following 140.Xr hostname.if 5 141example configures iwn0 to join whatever network is available on boot, 142using WEP key 143.Dq 0x1deadbeef1 , 144channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 145.Bd -literal -offset indent 146dhcp NONE NONE NONE nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11 147.Ed 148.Pp 149Configure iwn0 to join network 150.Dq my_net 151using WPA with passphrase 152.Dq my_passphrase : 153.Bd -literal -offset indent 154# ifconfig iwn0 nwid my_net wpakey my_passphrase 155.Ed 156.Pp 157Join an existing BSS network, 158.Dq my_net : 159.Bd -literal -offset indent 160# ifconfig iwn0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net 161.Ed 162.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 163.Bl -diag 164.It "iwn%d: device timeout" 165A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 166The driver will reset the hardware. 167This should not happen. 168.It "iwn%d: fatal firmware error" 169For some reason, the firmware crashed. 170The driver will reset the hardware. 171This should not happen. 172.It "iwn%d: radio is disabled by hardware switch" 173The radio transmitter is off and thus no packet can go out. 174The driver will reset the hardware. 175Make sure the laptop radio switch is on. 176.It "iwn%d: error %d, could not read firmware %s" 177For some reason, the driver was unable to read the firmware image from the 178filesystem. 179The file might be missing or corrupted. 180.It "iwn%d: firmware file too short: %d bytes" 181The firmware image is corrupted and can't be loaded into the adapter. 182.It "iwn%d: could not load firmware" 183An attempt to load the firmware into the adapter failed. 184The driver will reset the hardware. 185.El 186.Sh SEE ALSO 187.Xr pkg_add 1 , 188.Xr arp 4 , 189.Xr ifmedia 4 , 190.Xr intro 4 , 191.Xr netintro 4 , 192.Xr pci 4 , 193.Xr hostname.if 5 , 194.Xr ifconfig 8 195.Sh AUTHORS 196The 197.Nm 198driver was written by 199.An Damien Bergamini Aq damien@openbsd.org . 200.Sh CAVEATS 201The 202.Nm 203driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by 204the adapters. 205Additional work is required in 206.Xr ieee80211 9 207before those features can be supported. 208