xref: /openbsd-src/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 2b0358df1d88d06ef4139321dd05bd5e05d91eaf)
1 /*	$OpenBSD: ping.c,v 1.78 2007/02/06 15:25:18 jmc Exp $	*/
2 /*	$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.20 1995/08/11 22:37:58 cgd Exp $	*/
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
9  * Mike Muuss.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21  *    without specific prior written permission.
22  *
23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
34  */
35 
36 #ifndef lint
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 #if 0
44 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
45 #else
46 static const char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: ping.c,v 1.78 2007/02/06 15:25:18 jmc Exp $";
47 #endif
48 #endif /* not lint */
49 
50 /*
51  *			P I N G . C
52  *
53  * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
54  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
55  *
56  * Author -
57  *	Mike Muuss
58  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
59  *	December, 1983
60  *
61  * Status -
62  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
63  * Bugs -
64  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
65  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
66  */
67 
68 #include <sys/param.h>
69 #include <sys/queue.h>
70 #include <sys/socket.h>
71 #include <sys/file.h>
72 #include <sys/time.h>
73 
74 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
75 #include <netinet/in.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 #include <netdb.h>
81 #include <signal.h>
82 #include <unistd.h>
83 #include <stdio.h>
84 #include <ctype.h>
85 #include <err.h>
86 #include <errno.h>
87 #include <string.h>
88 #include <stdlib.h>
89 
90 struct tvi {
91 	u_int	tv_sec;
92 	u_int	tv_usec;
93 };
94 
95 #define	DEFDATALEN	(64 - 8)		/* default data length */
96 #define	MAXIPLEN	60
97 #define	MAXICMPLEN	76
98 #define	MAXPAYLOAD	(IP_MAXPACKET - MAXIPLEN - 8) /* max ICMP payload size */
99 #define	MAXWAIT_DEFAULT	10			/* secs to wait for response */
100 #define	NROUTES		9			/* number of record route slots */
101 
102 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
103 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
104 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
105 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
106 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
107 
108 /* various options */
109 int options;
110 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
111 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
112 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
113 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
114 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
115 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
116 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
117 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
118 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
119 #define	F_SADDR		0x0200
120 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x0400
121 #define	F_TTL		0x0800
122 #define	F_SO_JUMBO	0x1000
123 
124 /* multicast options */
125 int moptions;
126 #define	MULTICAST_NOLOOP	0x001
127 #define	MULTICAST_TTL		0x002
128 #define	MULTICAST_IF		0x004
129 
130 /*
131  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
132  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
133  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
134  */
135 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
136 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
137 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
138 
139 struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
140 struct sockaddr_in whence;		/* Which interface we come from */
141 unsigned int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
142 int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
143 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET]; /* Max packet size = 65535 */
144 u_char *outpack = outpackhdr+sizeof(struct ip);
145 char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
146 char DOT = '.';
147 char *hostname;
148 int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
149 
150 /* counters */
151 unsigned long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
152 unsigned long nreceived;	/* # of packets we got back */
153 unsigned long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
154 unsigned long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
155 double interval = 1;		/* interval between packets */
156 struct itimerval interstr;	/* interval structure for use with setitimer */
157 
158 /* timing */
159 int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
160 unsigned int maxwait = MAXWAIT_DEFAULT;	/* max seconds to wait for response */
161 quad_t tmin = 999999999;	/* minimum round trip time in usec */
162 quad_t tmax = 0;		/* maximum round trip time in usec */
163 quad_t tsum = 0;		/* sum of all times in usec, for doing average */
164 quad_t tsumsq = 0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
165 
166 int bufspace = IP_MAXPACKET;
167 
168 void fill(char *, char *);
169 void catcher(int signo);
170 void prtsig(int signo);
171 void finish(int signo);
172 void summary(int, int);
173 int in_cksum(u_short *, int);
174 void pinger(void);
175 char *pr_addr(in_addr_t);
176 int check_icmph(struct ip *);
177 void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
178 void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *);
179 void pr_retip(struct ip *);
180 quad_t qsqrt(quad_t);
181 void pr_iph(struct ip *);
182 void usage(void);
183 
184 int
185 main(int argc, char *argv[])
186 {
187 	struct timeval timeout;
188 	struct hostent *hp;
189 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
190 	struct in_addr saddr;
191 	int i, ch, hold = 1, packlen, preload, maxsize, df = 0, tos = 0;
192 	u_char *datap, *packet, ttl = MAXTTL, loop = 1;
193 	char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
194 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
195 	char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1];	/* record route space */
196 #endif
197 	socklen_t maxsizelen;
198 	const char *errstr;
199 	fd_set *fdmaskp;
200 	size_t fdmasks;
201 	uid_t uid;
202 
203 	if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0)
204 		err(1, "socket");
205 
206 	/* revoke privs */
207 	uid = getuid();
208 	if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) == -1)
209 		err(1, "setresuid");
210 
211 	preload = 0;
212 	datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct tvi)];
213 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
214 	    "DI:LRS:c:dfi:jl:np:qrs:T:t:vw:")) != -1)
215 		switch(ch) {
216 		case 'c':
217 			npackets = (unsigned long)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
218 			if (errstr)
219 				errx(1,
220 				    "number of packets to transmit is %s: %s",
221 				    errstr, optarg);
222 			break;
223 		case 'D':
224 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
225 			df = 1;
226 			break;
227 		case 'd':
228 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
229 			break;
230 		case 'f':
231 			if (getuid())
232 				errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
233 			options |= F_FLOOD;
234 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
235 			break;
236 		case 'I':
237 		case 'S':	/* deprecated */
238 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &saddr) == 0) {
239 				if ((hp = gethostbyname(optarg)) == NULL)
240 					errx(1, "bad interface address: %s",
241 					    optarg);
242 				memcpy(&saddr, hp->h_addr, sizeof(saddr));
243 			}
244 			options |= F_SADDR;
245 			break;
246 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
247 			interval = strtod(optarg, NULL);
248 
249 			if (interval <= 0 || interval >= INT_MAX)
250 				errx(1, "bad timing interval: %s", optarg);
251 
252 			if (interval < 1)
253 				if (getuid())
254 					errx(1, "%s: only root may use interval < 1s",
255 					    strerror(EPERM));
256 
257 			if (interval < 0.01)
258 				interval = 0.01;
259 
260 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
261 			break;
262 		case 'j':
263 			options |= F_SO_JUMBO;
264 			break;
265 		case 'L':
266 			moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP;
267 			loop = 0;
268 			break;
269 		case 'l':
270 			if (getuid())
271 				errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
272 			preload = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
273 			if (errstr)
274 				errx(1, "preload value is %s: %s",
275 				    errstr, optarg);
276 			break;
277 		case 'n':
278 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
279 			break;
280 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
281 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
282 			fill((char *)datap, optarg);
283 				break;
284 		case 'q':
285 			options |= F_QUIET;
286 			break;
287 		case 'R':
288 			options |= F_RROUTE;
289 			break;
290 		case 'r':
291 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
292 			break;
293 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
294 			datalen = (unsigned int)strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXPAYLOAD, &errstr);
295 			if (errstr)
296 				errx(1, "packet size is %s: %s",
297 				    errstr, optarg);
298 			break;
299 		case 'T':
300 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
301 			tos = (int)strtonum(optarg, 0, 0xff, &errstr);
302 			if (errstr)
303 				errx(1, "tos value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
304 			break;
305 		case 't':
306 			options |= F_TTL;
307 			ttl = (u_char)strtonum(optarg, 1, 255, &errstr);
308 			if (errstr)
309 				errx(1, "ttl value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
310 			break;
311 		case 'v':
312 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
313 			break;
314 		case 'w':
315 			maxwait = (unsigned int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
316 			if (errstr)
317 				errx(1, "maxwait value is %s: %s",
318 				    errstr, optarg);
319 			break;
320 		default:
321 			usage();
322 		}
323 	argc -= optind;
324 	argv += optind;
325 
326 	if (argc != 1)
327 		usage();
328 
329 	memset(&interstr, 0, sizeof(interstr));
330 
331 	interstr.it_value.tv_sec = (long) interval;
332 	interstr.it_value.tv_usec =
333 		(long) ((interval - interstr.it_value.tv_sec) * 1000000);
334 
335 	target = *argv;
336 
337 	memset(&whereto, 0, sizeof(whereto));
338 	to = &whereto;
339 	to->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
340 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
341 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0)
342 		hostname = target;
343 	else {
344 		hp = gethostbyname(target);
345 		if (!hp)
346 			errx(1, "unknown host: %s", target);
347 		to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
348 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, (size_t)hp->h_length);
349 		(void)strlcpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf));
350 		hostname = hnamebuf;
351 	}
352 
353 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
354 		errx(1, "-f and -i options are incompatible");
355 
356 	if (datalen >= sizeof(struct tvi))	/* can we time transfer */
357 		timing = 1;
358 	packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
359 	if (!(packet = malloc((size_t)packlen)))
360 		err(1, "malloc");
361 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
362 		for (i = sizeof(struct tvi); i < datalen; ++i)
363 			*datap++ = i;
364 
365 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
366 
367 	if (options & F_SADDR) {
368 		if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
369 			moptions |= MULTICAST_IF;
370 		else {
371 			memset(&whence, 0, sizeof(whence));
372 			whence.sin_len = sizeof(whence);
373 			whence.sin_family = AF_INET;
374 			memcpy(&whence.sin_addr.s_addr, &saddr, sizeof(saddr));
375 			if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&whence,
376 			    sizeof(whence)) < 0)
377 				err(1, "bind");
378 		}
379 	}
380 
381 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
382 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, &hold,
383 		    sizeof(hold));
384 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
385 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, &hold,
386 		    sizeof(hold));
387 	if (options & F_SO_JUMBO)
388 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_JUMBO, &hold,
389 		    sizeof(hold));
390 
391 	if (options & F_TTL) {
392 		if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
393 			moptions |= MULTICAST_TTL;
394 		else
395 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
396 	}
397 
398 	if (options & F_RROUTE && options & F_HDRINCL)
399 		errx(1, "-R option and -D or -T, or -t to unicast destinations"
400 		    " are incompatible");
401 
402 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
403 		struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
404 
405 		setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
406 		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
407 		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
408 		ip->ip_tos = tos;
409 		ip->ip_id = 0;
410 		ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
411 		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
412 		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
413 		if (options & F_SADDR)
414 			ip->ip_src = saddr;
415 		else
416 			ip->ip_src.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
417 		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
418 	}
419 
420 	/* record route option */
421 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
422 		if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
423 			errx(1, "record route not valid to multicast destinations");
424 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
425 		memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace));
426 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
427 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1;
428 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
429 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
430 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0) {
431 			perror("ping: record route");
432 			exit(1);
433 		}
434 #else
435 		errx(1, "record route not available in this implementation");
436 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
437 	}
438 
439 	if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) &&
440 	    setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
441 	    sizeof(loop)) < 0)
442 		err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
443 	if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) &&
444 	    setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl,
445 	    sizeof(ttl)) < 0)
446 		err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
447 	if ((moptions & MULTICAST_IF) &&
448 	    setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &saddr,
449 	    sizeof(saddr)) < 0)
450 		err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
451 
452 	/*
453 	 * When trying to send large packets, you must increase the
454 	 * size of both the send and receive buffers...
455 	 */
456 	maxsizelen = sizeof maxsize;
457 	if (getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &maxsize, &maxsizelen) < 0)
458 		err(1, "getsockopt");
459 	if (maxsize < packlen &&
460 	    setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &packlen, sizeof(maxsize)) < 0)
461 		err(1, "setsockopt");
462 
463 	/*
464 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
465 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
466 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
467 	 * /etc/ethers.
468 	 */
469 	while (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
470 	    (void*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace)) < 0) {
471 		if ((bufspace -= 1024) <= 0)
472 			err(1, "Cannot set the receive buffer size");
473 	}
474 	if (bufspace < IP_MAXPACKET)
475 		warnx("Could only allocate a receive buffer of %i bytes (default %i)",
476 		    bufspace, IP_MAXPACKET);
477 
478 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET)
479 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname,
480 		    inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr),
481 		    datalen);
482 	else
483 		(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
484 
485 	(void)signal(SIGINT, finish);
486 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
487 #ifdef SIGINFO
488 	(void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig);
489 #endif
490 
491 	while (preload--)		/* fire off them quickies */
492 		pinger();
493 
494 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0)
495 		catcher(0);		/* start things going */
496 
497 	fdmasks = howmany(s+1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
498 	if ((fdmaskp = (fd_set *)malloc(fdmasks)) == NULL)
499 		err(1, "malloc");
500 
501 	for (;;) {
502 		struct sockaddr_in from;
503 		sigset_t omask, nmask;
504 		socklen_t fromlen;
505 		int cc;
506 
507 		if (options & F_FLOOD) {
508 			pinger();
509 			timeout.tv_sec = 0;
510 			timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
511 			memset(fdmaskp, 0, fdmasks);
512 			FD_SET(s, fdmaskp);
513 			if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)fdmaskp, (fd_set *)NULL,
514 			    (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1)
515 				continue;
516 		}
517 		fromlen = sizeof(from);
518 		if ((cc = recvfrom(s, packet, packlen, 0,
519 		    (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) {
520 			if (errno == EINTR)
521 				continue;
522 			perror("ping: recvfrom");
523 			continue;
524 		}
525 		sigemptyset(&nmask);
526 		sigaddset(&nmask, SIGALRM);
527 		sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &nmask, &omask);
528 		pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from);
529 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
530 		if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
531 			break;
532 	}
533 	free(fdmaskp);
534 	finish(0);
535 	/* NOTREACHED */
536 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
537 }
538 
539 /*
540  * catcher --
541  *	This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then
542  * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now.
543  *
544  * bug --
545  *	Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be
546  * launched exactly at 1-second intervals).  This does not affect the
547  * quality of the delay and loss statistics.
548  */
549 /* ARGSUSED */
550 void
551 catcher(int signo)
552 {
553 	int save_errno = errno;
554 	unsigned int waittime;
555 
556 	pinger();
557 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
558 	if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
559 		setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &interstr, (struct itimerval *)0);
560 	else {
561 		if (nreceived) {
562 			waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000000;
563 			if (!waittime)
564 				waittime = 1;
565 		} else
566 			waittime = maxwait;
567 		(void)signal(SIGALRM, finish);
568 		(void)alarm(waittime);
569 	}
570 	errno = save_errno;
571 }
572 
573 /*
574  * Print statistics when SIGINFO is received.
575  */
576 /* ARGSUSED */
577 void
578 prtsig(int signo)
579 {
580 	int save_errno = errno;
581 
582 	summary(0, 1);
583 	errno = save_errno;
584 }
585 
586 /*
587  * pinger --
588  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
589  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
590  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
591  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
592  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
593  */
594 void
595 pinger(void)
596 {
597 	struct icmp *icp;
598 	char buf[8192];
599 	int cc, i;
600 	u_char *packet = outpack;
601 
602 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
603 	icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
604 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
605 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
606 	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
607 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
608 
609 	CLR(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck);
610 
611 	if (timing) {
612 		struct timeval tv;
613 		struct tvi tvi;
614 
615 		(void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
616 		tvi.tv_sec = htonl(tv.tv_sec);
617 		tvi.tv_usec = htonl(tv.tv_usec);
618 		memcpy(&outpack[8], &tvi, sizeof tvi);
619 	}
620 
621 	cc = datalen + 8;			/* skips ICMP portion */
622 
623 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
624 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
625 
626 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
627 		struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
628 
629 		packet = (u_char *)ip;
630 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
631 		ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
632 		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
633 	}
634 
635 	i = sendto(s, packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
636 	    sizeof(whereto));
637 
638 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
639 		if (i < 0)
640 			perror("ping: sendto");
641 		snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
642 		    hostname, cc, i);
643 		write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, strlen(buf));
644 	}
645 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
646 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
647 
648 	ntransmitted++;
649 }
650 
651 /*
652  * pr_pack --
653  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
654  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
655  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
656  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
657  */
658 void
659 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from)
660 {
661 	struct icmp *icp;
662 	in_addr_t l;
663 	u_int i, j;
664 	u_char *cp, *dp;
665 	static int old_rrlen;
666 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
667 	struct ip *ip, *ip2;
668 	struct timeval tv, tp;
669 	char *pkttime;
670 	quad_t triptime = 0;
671 	int hlen, hlen2, dupflag;
672 
673 	(void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
674 
675 	/* Check the IP header */
676 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
677 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
678 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
679 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
680 			warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
681 			    inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr));
682 		return;
683 	}
684 
685 	/* Now the ICMP part */
686 	cc -= hlen;
687 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
688 	if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
689 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
690 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
691 		++nreceived;
692 		if (timing) {
693 			struct tvi tvi;
694 
695 #ifndef icmp_data
696 			pkttime = (char *)&icp->icmp_ip;
697 #else
698 			pkttime = (char *)icp->icmp_data;
699 #endif
700 			memcpy(&tvi, pkttime, sizeof tvi);
701 			tp.tv_sec = ntohl(tvi.tv_sec);
702 			tp.tv_usec = ntohl(tvi.tv_usec);
703 
704 			timersub(&tv, &tp, &tv);
705 			triptime = (tv.tv_sec * 1000000) + tv.tv_usec;
706 			tsum += triptime;
707 			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
708 			if (triptime < tmin)
709 				tmin = triptime;
710 			if (triptime > tmax)
711 				tmax = triptime;
712 		}
713 
714 		if (TST(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck)) {
715 			++nrepeats;
716 			--nreceived;
717 			dupflag = 1;
718 		} else {
719 			SET(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck);
720 			dupflag = 0;
721 		}
722 
723 		if (options & F_QUIET)
724 			return;
725 
726 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
727 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
728 		else {
729 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
730 			    inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
731 			    ntohs(icp->icmp_seq));
732 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
733 			if (timing)
734 				(void)printf(" time=%d.%03d ms",
735 				    (int)(triptime / 1000),
736 				    (int)(triptime % 1000));
737 			if (dupflag)
738 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
739 			/* check the data */
740 			cp = (u_char *)&icp->icmp_data[sizeof(struct tvi)];
741 			dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct tvi)];
742 			for (i = 8 + sizeof(struct tvi); i < datalen;
743 			    ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
744 				if (*cp != *dp) {
745 					(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d "
746 					    "should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
747 					    i, *dp, *cp);
748 					cp = (u_char *)&icp->icmp_data[0];
749 					for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
750 						if ((i % 32) == 8)
751 							(void)printf("\n\t");
752 						(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
753 					}
754 					break;
755 				}
756 			}
757 		}
758 	} else {
759 		/* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
760 		if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
761 			return;
762 		ip2 = (struct ip *)(buf + hlen + sizeof (struct icmp));
763 		hlen2 = ip2->ip_hl << 2;
764 		if (cc >= hlen2 + 8 && check_icmph((struct ip *)(icp +
765 		    sizeof (struct icmp))) != 1)
766 			return;
767 		(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
768 		    pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
769 		pr_icmph(icp);
770 	}
771 
772 	/* Display any IP options */
773 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
774 
775 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
776 		switch (*cp) {
777 		case IPOPT_EOL:
778 			hlen = 0;
779 			break;
780 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
781 			(void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
782 			hlen -= 2;
783 			j = *++cp;
784 			++cp;
785 			i = 0;
786 			if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) {
787 				for (;;) {
788 					l = *++cp;
789 					l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
790 					l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
791 					l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
792 					if (l == 0)
793 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
794 					else
795 						(void)printf("\t%s",
796 						    pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
797 					hlen -= 4;
798 					j -= 4;
799 					i += 4;
800 					if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
801 						break;
802 					if (i >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
803 						(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
804 						break;
805 					}
806 					(void)putchar('\n');
807 				}
808 			}
809 			break;
810 		case IPOPT_RR:
811 			j = *++cp;		/* get length */
812 			i = *++cp;		/* and pointer */
813 			hlen -= 2;
814 			if (i > j)
815 				i = j;
816 			i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
817 			if (i <= 0)
818 				continue;
819 			if (i == old_rrlen &&
820 			    cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 &&
821 			    !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i) &&
822 			    !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
823 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
824 				i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
825 				hlen -= i;
826 				cp += i;
827 				break;
828 			}
829 			if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
830 				old_rrlen = i;
831 				memcpy(old_rr, cp, i);
832 			} else
833 				old_rrlen = 0;
834 
835 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
836 			j = 0;
837 			for (;;) {
838 				l = *++cp;
839 				l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
840 				l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
841 				l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
842 				if (l == 0)
843 					(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
844 				else
845 					(void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
846 				hlen -= 4;
847 				i -= 4;
848 				j += 4;
849 				if (i <= 0)
850 					break;
851 				if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
852 					(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
853 					break;
854 				}
855 				(void)putchar('\n');
856 			}
857 			break;
858 		case IPOPT_NOP:
859 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
860 			break;
861 		default:
862 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
863 			hlen = hlen - (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - 1);
864 			cp = cp + (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - 1);
865 			break;
866 		}
867 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
868 		(void)putchar('\n');
869 		(void)fflush(stdout);
870 	}
871 }
872 
873 /*
874  * in_cksum --
875  *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
876  */
877 int
878 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
879 {
880 	int nleft = len;
881 	u_short *w = addr;
882 	int sum = 0;
883 	u_short answer = 0;
884 
885 	/*
886 	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
887 	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
888 	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
889 	 */
890 	while (nleft > 1)  {
891 		sum += *w++;
892 		nleft -= 2;
893 	}
894 
895 	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
896 	if (nleft == 1) {
897 		*(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
898 		sum += answer;
899 	}
900 
901 	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
902 	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
903 	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
904 	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
905 	return(answer);
906 }
907 
908 void
909 summary(int header, int insig)
910 {
911 	char buf[8192], buft[8192];
912 
913 	buf[0] = '\0';
914 
915 	if (!insig) {
916 		(void)putchar('\r');
917 		(void)fflush(stdout);
918 	} else
919 		strlcat(buf, "\r", sizeof buf);
920 
921 	if (header) {
922 		snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "--- %s ping statistics ---\n",
923 		    hostname);
924 		strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
925 	}
926 
927 	snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
928 	strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
929 	snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
930 	strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
931 
932 	if (nrepeats) {
933 		snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
934 		strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
935 	}
936 	if (ntransmitted) {
937 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
938 			snprintf(buft, sizeof buft,
939 			    "-- somebody's duplicating packets!");
940 		else
941 			snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%.1f%% packet loss",
942 			    ((((double)ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
943 			    ntransmitted));
944 		strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
945 	}
946 	strlcat(buf, "\n", sizeof buf);
947 	if (nreceived && timing) {
948 		quad_t num = nreceived + nrepeats;
949 		quad_t avg = tsum / num;
950 		quad_t dev = qsqrt(tsumsq / num - avg * avg);
951 
952 		snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = "
953 		    "%d.%03d/%d.%03d/%d.%03d/%d.%03d ms\n",
954 		    (int)(tmin / 1000), (int)(tmin % 1000),
955 		    (int)(avg  / 1000), (int)(avg  % 1000),
956 		    (int)(tmax / 1000), (int)(tmax % 1000),
957 		    (int)(dev  / 1000), (int)(dev  % 1000));
958 		strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf);
959 	}
960 	write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, strlen(buf));		/* XXX atomicio? */
961 }
962 
963 quad_t
964 qsqrt(quad_t qdev)
965 {
966 	quad_t y, x = 1;
967 
968 	if (!qdev)
969 		return(0);
970 
971 	do { /* newton was a stinker */
972 		y = x;
973 		x = qdev / x;
974 		x += y;
975 		x /= 2;
976 	} while ((x - y) > 1 || (x - y) < -1);
977 
978 	return(x);
979 }
980 
981 /*
982  * finish --
983  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
984  */
985 void
986 finish(int signo)
987 {
988 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
989 
990 	summary(1, signo);
991 	if (signo)
992 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1);
993 	else
994 		exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1);
995 }
996 
997 #ifdef notdef
998 static char *ttab[] = {
999 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1000 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1001 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1002 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1003 	"Echo",
1004 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1005 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1006 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1007 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1008 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1009 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1010 };
1011 #endif
1012 
1013 /*
1014  * pr_icmph --
1015  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1016  */
1017 void
1018 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1019 {
1020 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1021 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1022 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1023 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1024 		break;
1025 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1026 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1027 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1028 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1029 			break;
1030 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1031 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1032 			break;
1033 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1034 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1035 			break;
1036 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1037 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1038 			break;
1039 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1040 			if (icp->icmp_nextmtu != 0)
1041 				(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1042 				    ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1043 			else
1044 				(void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n");
1045 			break;
1046 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1047 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1048 			break;
1049 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN:
1050 			(void)printf("Network Unknown\n");
1051 			break;
1052 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN:
1053 			(void)printf("Host Unknown\n");
1054 			break;
1055 		case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED:
1056 			(void)printf("Source Isolated\n");
1057 			break;
1058 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB:
1059 			(void)printf("Dest. Net Administratively Prohibited\n");
1060 			break;
1061 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB:
1062 			(void)printf("Dest. Host Administratively Prohibited\n");
1063 			break;
1064 		case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET:
1065 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable for TOS\n");
1066 			break;
1067 		case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST:
1068 			(void)printf("Desination Host Unreachable for TOS\n");
1069 			break;
1070 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1071 			(void)printf("Route administratively prohibited\n");
1072 			break;
1073 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE:
1074 			(void)printf("Host Precedence Violation\n");
1075 			break;
1076 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF:
1077 			(void)printf("Precedence Cutoff\n");
1078 			break;
1079 		default:
1080 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Unknown Code: %d\n",
1081 			    icp->icmp_code);
1082 			break;
1083 		}
1084 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1085 #ifndef icmp_data
1086 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1087 #else
1088 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1089 #endif
1090 		break;
1091 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1092 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1093 #ifndef icmp_data
1094 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1095 #else
1096 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1097 #endif
1098 		break;
1099 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1100 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1101 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1102 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1103 			break;
1104 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1105 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1106 			break;
1107 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1108 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1109 			break;
1110 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1111 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1112 			break;
1113 		default:
1114 			(void)printf("Redirect, Unknown Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1115 			break;
1116 		}
1117 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n",
1118 		    inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1119 #ifndef icmp_data
1120 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1121 #else
1122 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1123 #endif
1124 		break;
1125 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1126 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1127 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1128 		break;
1129 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1130 		/* RFC1256 */
1131 		(void)printf("Router Discovery Advertisement\n");
1132 		(void)printf("(%d entries, lifetime %d seconds)\n",
1133 		    icp->icmp_num_addrs, ntohs(icp->icmp_lifetime));
1134 		break;
1135 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1136 		/* RFC1256 */
1137 		(void)printf("Router Discovery Solicitation\n");
1138 		break;
1139 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1140 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1141 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1142 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1143 			break;
1144 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1145 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1146 			break;
1147 		default:
1148 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Unknown Code: %d\n",
1149 			    icp->icmp_code);
1150 			break;
1151 		}
1152 #ifndef icmp_data
1153 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1154 #else
1155 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1156 #endif
1157 		break;
1158 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1159 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1160 		case ICMP_PARAMPROB_OPTABSENT:
1161 			(void)printf("Parameter problem, required option "
1162 			    "absent: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1163 			    ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr));
1164 			break;
1165 		default:
1166 			(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1167 			    ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr));
1168 			break;
1169 		}
1170 #ifndef icmp_data
1171 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1172 #else
1173 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1174 #endif
1175 		break;
1176 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1177 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1178 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1179 		break;
1180 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1181 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1182 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1183 		break;
1184 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1185 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1186 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1187 		break;
1188 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1189 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1190 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1191 		break;
1192 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ
1193 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1194 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1195 		break;
1196 #endif
1197 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY
1198 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1199 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply (Mask 0x%08x)\n",
1200 		    ntohl(icp->icmp_mask));
1201 		break;
1202 #endif
1203 	default:
1204 		(void)printf("Unknown ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1205 	}
1206 }
1207 
1208 /*
1209  * pr_iph --
1210  *	Print an IP header with options.
1211  */
1212 void
1213 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1214 {
1215 	int hlen;
1216 	u_char *cp;
1217 
1218 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1219 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1220 
1221 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst Data\n");
1222 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1223 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id);
1224 	(void)printf("   %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1225 	    (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1226 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum);
1227 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1228 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1229 	/* dump and option bytes */
1230 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1231 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1232 	}
1233 	(void)putchar('\n');
1234 }
1235 
1236 /*
1237  * pr_addr --
1238  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1239  * a hostname.
1240  */
1241 char *
1242 pr_addr(in_addr_t a)
1243 {
1244 	struct hostent *hp;
1245 	struct in_addr in;
1246 	static char buf[16+3+MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1247 
1248 	in.s_addr = a;
1249 	if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1250 	    !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in.s_addr, sizeof(in.s_addr), AF_INET)))
1251 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(in));
1252 	else
1253 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1254 		    inet_ntoa(in));
1255 	return(buf);
1256 }
1257 
1258 /*
1259  * pr_retip --
1260  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1261  */
1262 void
1263 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1264 {
1265 	int hlen;
1266 	u_char *cp;
1267 
1268 	pr_iph(ip);
1269 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1270 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1271 
1272 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1273 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1274 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1275 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1276 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1277 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1278 }
1279 
1280 void
1281 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1282 {
1283 	int ii, jj, kk;
1284 	int pat[16];
1285 	char *cp;
1286 
1287 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
1288 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1289 			errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1290 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1291 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1292 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1293 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1294 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1295 
1296 	if (ii > 0)
1297 		for (kk = 0;
1298 		    kk <= MAXPAYLOAD - (8 + sizeof(struct tvi) + ii);
1299 		    kk += ii)
1300 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1301 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1302 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1303 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1304 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1305 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1306 		(void)printf("\n");
1307 	}
1308 }
1309 
1310 /*
1311  * when we get types of ICMP message with parts of the orig. datagram
1312  * we want to try to assure ourselves that it is from this instance
1313  * of ping, and not say, a refused finger connection or something
1314  */
1315 int
1316 check_icmph(struct ip *iph)
1317 {
1318 	struct icmp *icmph;
1319 
1320 	/* only allow IP version 4 */
1321 	if (iph->ip_v != 4)
1322 		return 0;
1323 
1324 	/* Only allow ICMP */
1325 	if (iph->ip_p != IPPROTO_ICMP)
1326 		return 0;
1327 
1328 	icmph = (struct icmp *) (iph + (4 * iph->ip_hl));
1329 
1330 	/* make sure it is in response to an ECHO request */
1331 	if (icmph->icmp_type != 8)
1332 		return 0;
1333 
1334 	/* ok, make sure it has the right id on it */
1335 	if (icmph->icmp_hun.ih_idseq.icd_id != ident)
1336 		return 0;
1337 
1338 	return 1;
1339 }
1340 
1341 void
1342 usage(void)
1343 {
1344 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1345 	    "usage: ping [-DdfLnqRrv] [-c count] [-I ifaddr] [-i wait]\n"
1346 	    "\t[-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-T tos] [-t ttl]\n"
1347 	    "\t[-w maxwait] host\n");
1348 	exit(1);
1349 }
1350