1 /* $OpenBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.17 2007/09/28 09:57:01 jmc Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 14 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 15 * distribution. 16 * 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 18 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 21 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 23 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 24 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 25 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 26 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 27 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28 */ 29 30 #ifndef lint 31 static const char rcsid[] = 32 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.9 1999/08/28 00:13:52 peter Exp $"; 33 #endif /* not lint */ 34 35 #include <sys/param.h> 36 #include <sys/stat.h> 37 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 38 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 39 #include <sys/mount.h> 40 41 #include <ctype.h> 42 #include <err.h> 43 #include <errno.h> 44 #include <fcntl.h> 45 #include <paths.h> 46 #include <stdio.h> 47 #include <stdlib.h> 48 #include <string.h> 49 #include <unistd.h> 50 #include <util.h> 51 52 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 53 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 54 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 55 56 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 57 #define MINBPS 128 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 58 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 59 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 60 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 61 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 62 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 63 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 64 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 65 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 66 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 67 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 68 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 69 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 70 71 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 72 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 73 MINCLS32) 74 75 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 76 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 77 MAXCLS32) 78 79 #define mk1(p, x) \ 80 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 81 82 #define mk2(p, x) \ 83 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 84 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 85 86 #define mk4(p, x) \ 87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 89 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 90 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 91 92 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 93 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 94 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 95 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 96 97 struct bs { 98 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 99 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 100 }; 101 102 struct bsbpb { 103 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 104 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 105 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 106 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 107 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 108 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 109 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 110 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 111 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 112 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 113 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 114 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 115 }; 116 117 struct bsxbpb { 118 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 119 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 120 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 121 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 122 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 123 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 124 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 125 }; 126 127 struct bsx { 128 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 129 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 130 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 131 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 132 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 133 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 134 }; 135 136 struct de { 137 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 138 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 139 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 140 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 141 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 142 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 143 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 144 }; 145 146 struct bpb { 147 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 148 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 149 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 150 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 151 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 152 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 153 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 154 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 155 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 156 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 157 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 158 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 159 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 160 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 161 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 162 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 163 }; 164 165 static struct { 166 const char *name; 167 struct bpb bpb; 168 } stdfmt[] = { 169 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}}, 170 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}}, 171 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}}, 172 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}}, 173 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}}, 174 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}}, 175 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}}, 176 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}} 177 }; 178 179 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 180 0xfa, /* cli */ 181 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 182 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 183 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 184 0xfb, /* sti */ 185 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 186 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 187 0x5e, /* pop si */ 188 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 189 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 190 0xfc, /* cld */ 191 0xac, /* lodsb */ 192 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 193 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 194 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 195 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 196 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 197 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 198 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 199 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 200 0x0d, 0x0a, 201 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 202 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 205 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 206 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 207 0x0d, 0x0a, 208 0 209 }; 210 211 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 212 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 213 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 214 struct bpb *); 215 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 216 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 217 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 218 static int oklabel(const char *); 219 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 220 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 221 static __dead void usage(void); 222 223 /* 224 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 225 */ 226 int 227 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 228 { 229 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:qr:s:t:u:"; 230 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 231 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 232 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 233 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 234 static int opt_N; 235 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 236 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 237 struct stat sb; 238 struct timeval tv; 239 struct bpb bpb; 240 struct tm *tm; 241 struct bs *bs; 242 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 243 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 244 struct bsx *bsx; 245 struct de *de; 246 u_int8_t *img; 247 const char *dtype, *bname; 248 char *sname, *fname; 249 ssize_t n; 250 time_t now; 251 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 252 int ch, fd, fd1; 253 254 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 255 switch (ch) { 256 case 'N': 257 opt_N = 1; 258 break; 259 case 'B': 260 opt_B = optarg; 261 break; 262 case 'F': 263 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 264 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 265 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 266 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 267 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 268 break; 269 case 'I': 270 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 271 Iflag = 1; 272 break; 273 case 'L': 274 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 275 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 276 opt_L = optarg; 277 break; 278 case 'O': 279 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 280 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 281 opt_O = optarg; 282 break; 283 case 'S': 284 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 285 break; 286 case 'a': 287 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 288 break; 289 case 'b': 290 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 291 opt_c = 0; 292 break; 293 case 'c': 294 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 295 opt_b = 0; 296 break; 297 case 'e': 298 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 299 break; 300 case 'f': 301 opt_f = optarg; 302 break; 303 case 'h': 304 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 305 break; 306 case 'i': 307 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 308 break; 309 case 'k': 310 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 311 break; 312 case 'm': 313 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 314 mflag = 1; 315 break; 316 case 'n': 317 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 318 break; 319 case 'o': 320 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 321 oflag = 1; 322 break; 323 case 'q': /* Compat with newfs -q */ 324 break; 325 case 'r': 326 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 327 break; 328 case 's': 329 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 330 break; 331 case 't': /* Compat with newfs -t */ 332 break; 333 case 'u': 334 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 335 break; 336 default: 337 usage(); 338 } 339 argc -= optind; 340 argv += optind; 341 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 342 usage(); 343 sname = *argv++; 344 dtype = *argv; 345 if ((fd = opendev(sname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, 0, &fname)) == -1 || 346 fstat(fd, &sb)) 347 err(1, "%s", fname); 348 if (!opt_N) 349 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 350 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 351 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname); 352 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 353 if (opt_f) { 354 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 355 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 356 bpb.sec = 0; 357 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 358 bpb.spf = 0; 359 } 360 if (opt_h) 361 bpb.hds = opt_h; 362 if (opt_u) 363 bpb.spt = opt_u; 364 if (opt_S) 365 bpb.bps = opt_S; 366 if (opt_s) 367 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 368 if (oflag) 369 bpb.hid = opt_o; 370 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) 371 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 372 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 373 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 374 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 375 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 376 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 377 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 378 if (opt_f) 379 fat = 12; 380 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 381 fat = 32; 382 } 383 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 384 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 385 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 386 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 387 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 388 bpb.rde = 0; 389 if (opt_b) { 390 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 391 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 392 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 393 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 394 opt_b, bpb.bps); 395 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 396 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 397 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 398 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 399 } 400 if (opt_c) { 401 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 402 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 403 bpb.spc = opt_c; 404 } 405 if (opt_r) 406 bpb.res = opt_r; 407 if (opt_n) { 408 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 409 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 410 opt_n, MAXNFT); 411 bpb.nft = opt_n; 412 } 413 if (opt_e) 414 bpb.rde = opt_e; 415 if (mflag) { 416 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 417 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 418 bpb.mid = opt_m; 419 } 420 if (opt_a) 421 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 422 if (opt_i) 423 bpb.infs = opt_i; 424 if (opt_k) 425 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 426 bss = 1; 427 bname = NULL; 428 fd1 = -1; 429 if (opt_B) { 430 bname = opt_B; 431 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 432 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 433 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 434 err(1, NULL); 435 } 436 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 437 err(1, "%s", bname); 438 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 439 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 440 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 441 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 442 } 443 if (!bpb.nft) 444 bpb.nft = 2; 445 if (!fat) { 446 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 447 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 448 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 449 bpb.nft + 450 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 451 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 452 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 453 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 454 fat = 12; 455 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 456 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 457 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 458 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 459 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 460 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 461 fat = 16; 462 else 463 fat = 32; 464 } 465 x = bss; 466 if (fat == 32) { 467 if (!bpb.infs) { 468 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 469 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 470 bpb.infs = x; 471 } 472 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 473 x = bpb.infs + 1; 474 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 475 if (x == MAXU16) 476 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 477 bpb.bkbs = x; 478 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 479 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 480 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 481 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 482 } 483 if (!bpb.res) 484 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 485 else if (bpb.res < x) 486 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 487 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 488 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 489 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 490 if (!bpb.spc) 491 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 492 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 493 bpb.res + 494 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 495 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 496 rds + 497 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 498 bpb.spc <<= 1); 499 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 500 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 501 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 502 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 503 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 504 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 505 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 506 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 507 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 508 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 509 bpb.bps * NPB); 510 if (!bpb.bspf) { 511 bpb.bspf = x2; 512 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 513 } 514 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 515 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 516 if (cls > x) 517 cls = x; 518 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 519 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 520 cls); 521 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 522 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 523 mincls(fat)); 524 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 525 cls = maxcls(fat); 526 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 527 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 528 bpb.bsec); 529 } 530 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 531 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 532 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 533 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 534 if (!bpb.mid) 535 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 536 if (fat == 32) 537 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 538 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 539 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 540 bpb.bsec = 0; 541 } 542 if (fat != 32) { 543 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 544 bpb.bspf = 0; 545 } 546 print_bpb(&bpb); 547 if (!opt_N) { 548 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 549 now = tv.tv_sec; 550 tm = localtime(&now); 551 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 552 err(1, NULL); 553 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 554 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 555 x = lsn; 556 if (opt_B && 557 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 558 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 559 x -= bpb.bkbs; 560 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET)) 561 err(1, "%s", bname); 562 } 563 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 564 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 565 err(1, "%s", bname); 566 if (n != bpb.bps) 567 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 568 } else 569 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 570 if (!lsn || 571 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 572 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 573 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 574 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 575 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 576 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 577 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 578 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 579 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 580 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 581 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 582 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 583 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 584 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 585 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 586 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 587 if (fat == 32) { 588 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 589 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 590 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 591 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 592 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 593 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 594 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 595 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 596 } 597 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 598 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 599 if (Iflag) 600 x = opt_I; 601 else 602 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 603 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 604 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 605 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 606 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 607 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 608 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 609 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 610 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 611 snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "FAT%u", fat); 612 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 613 if (!opt_B) { 614 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 615 bs = (struct bs *)img; 616 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 617 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 618 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 619 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 620 sizeof(bs->oem)); 621 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 622 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 623 } 624 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 625 (lsn == bpb.infs || 626 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 627 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 628 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 629 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 28, 0x61417272); 630 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 24, 0xffffffff); 631 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 20, bpb.rdcl); 632 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 633 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 634 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 635 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 636 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 637 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 638 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 639 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 640 de = (struct de *)img; 641 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 642 mk1(de->attr, 050); 643 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 644 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 645 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 646 mk2(de->time, x); 647 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 648 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 649 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 650 mk2(de->date, x); 651 } 652 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 653 err(1, "%s", fname); 654 if (n != bpb.bps) 655 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 656 } 657 } 658 return 0; 659 } 660 661 /* 662 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 663 */ 664 static void 665 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 666 { 667 struct statfs *mp; 668 const char *s1, *s2; 669 size_t len; 670 int n, r; 671 672 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 673 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 674 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 675 s1 = fname; 676 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 677 s1 += len; 678 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 679 for (; n--; mp++) { 680 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 681 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 682 s2 += len; 683 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 684 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 685 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 686 } 687 } 688 689 /* 690 * Get a standard format. 691 */ 692 static void 693 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 694 { 695 u_int x, i; 696 697 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 698 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 699 if (i == x) 700 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 701 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 702 } 703 704 /* 705 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 706 */ 707 static void 708 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 709 struct bpb *bpb) 710 { 711 struct disklabel dl, *lp; 712 const char *s1, *s2; 713 int part, i; 714 715 part = -1; 716 s1 = fname; 717 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/'))) 718 s1 = s2 + 1; 719 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit(*s2); s2++); 720 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1) 721 s2 = NULL; 722 else 723 while (isdigit(*++s2)); 724 s1 = s2; 725 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS - 1) { 726 part = *s2++ - 'a'; 727 } 728 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.')) 729 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname); 730 if ((((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) || 731 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) { 732 lp = &dl; 733 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 734 if (i == -1) { 735 if (!dtype) { 736 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 737 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; " 738 "disk type must be specified", fname); 739 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype))) 740 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype); 741 } 742 if (part == -1) 743 part = RAW_PART; 744 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions || 745 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size) 746 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname); 747 if (!oflag && part != -1) 748 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset; 749 if (!bpb->bsec) 750 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size; 751 if (!bpb->bps) 752 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 753 if (!bpb->spt) 754 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 755 if (!bpb->hds) 756 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 757 if (bpb->spt > 63) { 758 bpb->hds = bpb->hds * bpb->spt / 63; 759 bpb->spt = 63; 760 } 761 } 762 } 763 764 /* 765 * Print out BPB values. 766 */ 767 static void 768 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 769 { 770 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 771 bpb->nft); 772 if (bpb->rde) 773 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 774 if (bpb->sec) 775 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 776 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 777 if (bpb->spf) 778 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 779 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 780 if (bpb->bsec) 781 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 782 if (!bpb->spf) { 783 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 784 printf(" infs="); 785 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 786 printf(" bkbs="); 787 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 788 } 789 printf("\n"); 790 } 791 792 /* 793 * Check a disk geometry value. 794 */ 795 static u_int 796 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 797 { 798 if (!val) 799 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 800 if (val > MAXU16) 801 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg); 802 return val; 803 } 804 805 /* 806 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 807 */ 808 static u_int 809 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 810 { 811 char *s; 812 u_long x; 813 814 errno = 0; 815 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 816 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 817 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 818 return x; 819 } 820 821 /* 822 * Check a volume label. 823 */ 824 static int 825 oklabel(const char *src) 826 { 827 int c = 0, i; 828 829 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 830 c = (u_char)*src++; 831 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 832 break; 833 } 834 return i && !c; 835 } 836 837 /* 838 * Make a volume label. 839 */ 840 static void 841 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 842 { 843 int c, i; 844 845 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 846 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 847 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 848 } 849 } 850 851 /* 852 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 853 */ 854 static void 855 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 856 { 857 while (len--) 858 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 859 } 860 861 /* 862 * Print usage message. 863 */ 864 static __dead void 865 usage(void) 866 { 867 extern const char *__progname; 868 869 fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s " 870 "[-N] [-a FAT-size] [-B boot] [-b block-size]\n" 871 "\t[-c cluster-size] [-e dirents] [-F FAT-type] [-f format]\n" 872 "\t[-h heads] [-I volid] [-i info] [-k backup] [-L label]\n" 873 "\t[-m media] [-n FATs] [-O OEM] [-o hidden] [-r reserved]\n" 874 "\t[-S sector-size] [-s total] [-u track-size] special\n" 875 "\t[disktype]\n", 876 __progname); 877 exit(1); 878 } 879