xref: /openbsd-src/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c (revision 50b7afb2c2c0993b0894d4e34bf857cb13ed9c80)
1 /*	$OpenBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.86 2014/06/30 19:19:17 otto Exp $	*/
2 /*	$NetBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.25 1995/06/18 21:35:38 cgd Exp $	*/
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
9  * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
10  * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
11  * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
12  * research program.
13  *
14  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
15  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
16  *
17  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
19  * are met:
20  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
24  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
25  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
26  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
27  *    without specific prior written permission.
28  *
29  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
30  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
31  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
32  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
33  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
34  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
35  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
36  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
37  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
38  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
39  * SUCH DAMAGE.
40  */
41 
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/time.h>
44 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
45 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
46 #include <sys/mman.h>
47 #include <sys/resource.h>
48 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
49 
50 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
51 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
52 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
53 
54 #include <err.h>
55 #include <string.h>
56 #include <stdlib.h>
57 #include <stdint.h>
58 #include <unistd.h>
59 
60 #ifndef STANDALONE
61 #include <a.out.h>
62 #include <stdio.h>
63 #include <errno.h>
64 #endif
65 
66 /*
67  * Default directory umask.
68  */
69 #define UMASK		0755
70 
71 #define POWEROF2(num)	(((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
72 
73 /*
74  * 'Standard' bad FFS magic.
75  */
76 #define FS_BAD_MAGIC	0x19960408
77 
78 /*
79  * The minimum number of cylinder groups that should be created.
80  */
81 #define MINCYLGRPS	4
82 
83 /*
84  * variables set up by front end.
85  */
86 extern int	mfs;		/* run as the memory based filesystem */
87 extern int	Nflag;		/* run mkfs without writing file system */
88 extern int	Oflag;		/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
89 extern daddr_t fssize;		/* file system size in 512-byte blocks. */
90 extern long long	sectorsize;	/* bytes/sector */
91 extern int	fsize;		/* fragment size */
92 extern int	bsize;		/* block size */
93 extern int	maxfrgspercg;	/* maximum fragments per cylinder group */
94 extern int	minfree;	/* free space threshold */
95 extern int	opt;		/* optimization preference (space or time) */
96 extern int	density;	/* number of bytes per inode */
97 extern int	maxbpg;		/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
98 extern int	avgfilesize;	/* expected average file size */
99 extern int	avgfilesperdir;	/* expected number of files per directory */
100 extern int	quiet;		/* quiet flag */
101 extern caddr_t	membase;	/* start address of memory based filesystem */
102 
103 union fs_u {
104 	struct fs fs;
105 	char pad[SBSIZE];
106 } *fsun;
107 #define sblock	fsun->fs
108 
109 struct	csum *fscs;
110 
111 union cg_u {
112 	struct cg cg;
113 	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
114 } *cgun;
115 #define acg	cgun->cg
116 
117 union dinode {
118 	struct ufs1_dinode dp1;
119 	struct ufs2_dinode dp2;
120 };
121 
122 int	fsi, fso;
123 
124 static caddr_t iobuf;
125 static long iobufsize;
126 
127 daddr_t	alloc(int, int);
128 static int	charsperline(void);
129 static int	ilog2(int);
130 void		initcg(int, time_t);
131 void		wtfs(daddr_t, int, void *);
132 int		fsinit1(time_t, mode_t, uid_t, gid_t);
133 int		fsinit2(time_t);
134 int		makedir(struct direct *, int);
135 void		iput(union dinode *, ino_t);
136 void		setblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
137 void		clrblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
138 int		isblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
139 void		rdfs(daddr_t, int, void *);
140 void		mkfs(struct partition *, char *, int, int,
141 		    mode_t, uid_t, gid_t);
142 static		void checksz(void);
143 
144 #ifndef STANDALONE
145 volatile sig_atomic_t cur_cylno;
146 volatile const char *cur_fsys;
147 void	siginfo(int sig);
148 
149 void
150 siginfo(int sig)
151 {
152 	int save_errno = errno;
153 	char buf[128];
154 
155 	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s: initializing cg %ld/%d\n",
156 	    cur_fsys, (long)cur_cylno, sblock.fs_ncg);
157 	write(STDERR_FILENO, buf, strlen(buf));
158 	errno = save_errno;
159 }
160 #endif
161 
162 void
163 mkfs(struct partition *pp, char *fsys, int fi, int fo, mode_t mfsmode,
164     uid_t mfsuid, gid_t mfsgid)
165 {
166 	time_t utime;
167 	quad_t sizepb;
168 	int i, j, width, origdensity, fragsperinode, minfpg, optimalfpg;
169 	int lastminfpg, mincylgrps;
170 	long cylno, csfrags;
171 	char tmpbuf[100];	/* XXX this will break in about 2,500 years */
172 
173 	if ((fsun = calloc(1, sizeof (union fs_u))) == NULL ||
174 	    (cgun = calloc(1, sizeof (union cg_u))) == NULL)
175 		err(1, "calloc");
176 
177 #ifndef STANDALONE
178 	time(&utime);
179 #endif
180 	if (mfs) {
181 		quad_t sz = (quad_t)fssize * DEV_BSIZE;
182 		if (sz > SIZE_T_MAX) {
183 			errno = ENOMEM;
184 			err(12, "mmap");
185 		}
186 		membase = mmap(NULL, sz, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
187 		    MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, (off_t)0);
188 		if (membase == MAP_FAILED)
189 			err(12, "mmap");
190 		madvise(membase, sz, MADV_RANDOM);
191 	}
192 	fsi = fi;
193 	fso = fo;
194 	/*
195 	 * Validate the given file system size.
196 	 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
197 	 */
198 	if (Oflag <= 1 && fssize > INT_MAX)
199 		errx(13, "preposterous size %lld, max is %d", (long long)fssize,
200 		    INT_MAX);
201 	if (Oflag == 2 && fssize > MAXDISKSIZE)
202 		errx(13, "preposterous size %lld, max is %lld",
203 		    (long long)fssize, MAXDISKSIZE);
204 
205 	wtfs(fssize - (sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), sectorsize, (char *)&sblock);
206 
207 	sblock.fs_postblformat = FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT;
208 	sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize;
209 	sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfilesperdir;
210 
211 	/*
212 	 * Collect and verify the block and fragment sizes.
213 	 */
214 	if (!POWEROF2(bsize)) {
215 		errx(16, "block size must be a power of 2, not %d", bsize);
216 	}
217 	if (!POWEROF2(fsize)) {
218 		errx(17, "fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d",
219 		     fsize);
220 	}
221 	if (fsize < sectorsize) {
222 		errx(18, "fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %lld",
223 		     fsize, sectorsize);
224 	}
225 	if (bsize < MINBSIZE) {
226 		errx(19, "block size %d is too small, minimum is %d",
227 		     bsize, MINBSIZE);
228 	}
229 	if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) {
230 		errx(19, "block size %d is too large, maximum is %d",
231 		     bsize, MAXBSIZE);
232 	}
233 	if (bsize < fsize) {
234 		errx(20, "block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)",
235 		     bsize, fsize);
236 	}
237 	sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
238 	sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
239 
240 	/*
241 	 * Calculate the superblock bitmasks and shifts.
242 	 */
243 	sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
244 	sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
245 	sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
246 	sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
247 	sblock.fs_bshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_bsize);
248 	sblock.fs_fshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize);
249 	sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
250 	if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
251 		errx(21, "fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block "
252 		    "size %d is %d", sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
253 		    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
254 	}
255 	sblock.fs_fragshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_frag);
256 	sblock.fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize / DEV_BSIZE);
257 	sblock.fs_size = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
258 	sblock.fs_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / DEV_BSIZE;
259 	sblock.fs_maxcontig = 1;
260 	sblock.fs_nrpos = 1;
261 	sblock.fs_cpg = 1;
262 
263 	/*
264 	 * Before the file system is fully initialized, mark it as invalid.
265 	 */
266 	sblock.fs_magic = FS_BAD_MAGIC;
267 
268 	/*
269 	 * Set the remaining superblock fields.  Note that for FFS1, media
270 	 * geometry fields are set to fake values.  This is for compatibility
271 	 * with really ancient kernels that might still inspect these values.
272 	 */
273 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
274 		sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS1;
275 		sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
276 		sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
277 		if (Oflag == 0) {
278 			sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
279 			sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
280 		} else {
281 			sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1;
282 			sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
283 		}
284 		sblock.fs_cgoffset = 0;
285 		sblock.fs_cgmask = 0xffffffff;
286 		sblock.fs_ffs1_size = sblock.fs_size;
287 		sblock.fs_rotdelay = 0;
288 		sblock.fs_rps = 60;
289 		sblock.fs_interleave = 1;
290 		sblock.fs_trackskew = 0;
291 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
292 	} else {
293 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
294 		sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS2;
295 		sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(int64_t);
296 		sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs2_dinode);
297 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS2;
298 	}
299 	sblock.fs_sblkno =
300 	    roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_sblockloc + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize),
301 		sblock.fs_frag);
302 	sblock.fs_cblkno = (int32_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
303 	    roundup(howmany(SBSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
304 	sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
305 	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
306 	for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
307 		sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
308 		sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
309 	}
310 #ifdef notyet
311 	/*
312 	 * It is impossible to create a snapshot in case fs_maxfilesize is
313 	 * smaller than fssize.
314 	 */
315 	if (sblock.fs_maxfilesize < (u_quad_t)fssize)
316 		warnx("WARNING: You will be unable to create snapshots on this "
317 		    "file system. Correct by using a larger blocksize.");
318 #endif
319 	/*
320 	 * Calculate the number of blocks to put into each cylinder group. The
321 	 * first goal is to have at least enough data blocks in each cylinder
322 	 * group to meet the density requirement. Once this goal is achieved
323 	 * we try to expand to have at least mincylgrps cylinder groups. Once
324 	 * this goal is achieved, we pack as many blocks into each cylinder
325 	 * group map as will fit.
326 	 *
327 	 * We start by calculating the smallest number of blocks that we can
328 	 * put into each cylinder group. If this is too big, we reduce the
329 	 * density until it fits.
330 	 */
331 	origdensity = density;
332 	for (;;) {
333 		fragsperinode = MAX(numfrags(&sblock, density), 1);
334 
335 		minfpg = fragsperinode * INOPB(&sblock);
336 		if (minfpg > sblock.fs_size)
337 			minfpg = sblock.fs_size;
338 
339 		sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB(&sblock);
340 		sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
341 		    sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
342 		if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
343 			sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
344 
345 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
346 		    INOPB(&sblock));
347 		sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
348 		    sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
349 		if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
350 			sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
351 
352 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
353 		    INOPB(&sblock));
354 
355 		if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
356 			break;
357 
358 		density -= sblock.fs_fsize;
359 	}
360 	if (density != origdensity)
361 		warnx("density reduced from %d to %d bytes per inode",
362 		    origdensity, density);
363 
364 	/*
365 	 * Use a lower value for mincylgrps if the user specified a large
366 	 * number of blocks per cylinder group.  This is needed for, e.g. the
367 	 * install media which needs to pack 2 files very tightly.
368 	 */
369 	mincylgrps = MINCYLGRPS;
370 	if (maxfrgspercg != INT_MAX) {
371 		i = sblock.fs_size / maxfrgspercg;
372 		if (i < MINCYLGRPS)
373 			mincylgrps = i <= 0 ? 1 : i;
374 	}
375 
376 	/*
377 	 * Start packing more blocks into the cylinder group until it cannot
378 	 * grow any larger, the number of cylinder groups drops below
379 	 * mincylgrps, or we reach the requested size.
380 	 */
381 	for (;;) {
382 		sblock.fs_fpg += sblock.fs_frag;
383 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
384 		    INOPB(&sblock));
385 
386 		if (sblock.fs_fpg > maxfrgspercg ||
387 		    sblock.fs_size / sblock.fs_fpg < mincylgrps ||
388 		    CGSIZE(&sblock) > (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
389 			break;
390 	}
391 	sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
392 	sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
393 	    INOPB(&sblock));
394 	if (sblock.fs_fpg > maxfrgspercg)
395 		warnx("can't honour -c: minimum is %d", sblock.fs_fpg);
396 
397 	/*
398 	 * Check to be sure that the last cylinder group has enough blocks to
399 	 * be viable. If it is too small, reduce the number of blocks per
400 	 * cylinder group which will have the effect of moving more blocks into
401 	 * the last cylinder group.
402 	 */
403 	optimalfpg = sblock.fs_fpg;
404 	for (;;) {
405 		sblock.fs_ncg = howmany(sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_fpg);
406 		lastminfpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
407 		    sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
408 		if (sblock.fs_size < lastminfpg)
409 			errx(28, "file system size %jd < minimum size of %d "
410 			    "fragments", (intmax_t)sblock.fs_size, lastminfpg);
411 
412 		if (sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg >= lastminfpg ||
413 		    sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg == 0)
414 			break;
415 
416 		sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
417 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
418 		    INOPB(&sblock));
419 	}
420 
421 	if (optimalfpg != sblock.fs_fpg)
422 		warnx("reduced number of fragments per cylinder group from %d"
423 		    " to %d to enlarge last cylinder group", optimalfpg,
424 		    sblock.fs_fpg);
425 
426 	/*
427 	 * Back to filling superblock fields.
428 	 */
429 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
430 		sblock.fs_spc = sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_nspf;
431 		sblock.fs_nsect = sblock.fs_spc;
432 		sblock.fs_npsect = sblock.fs_spc;
433 		sblock.fs_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncg;
434 	}
435 	sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
436 	sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
437 	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
438 	sblock.fs_cssize =
439 	    fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
440 
441 	fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
442 	if (fscs == NULL)
443 		errx(31, "calloc failed");
444 
445 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
446 	if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBLOCKSIZE)
447 		sblock.fs_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;
448 
449 	sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
450 	sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
451 	sblock.fs_optim = opt;
452 	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
453 	sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
454 	sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
455 	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
456 	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
457 	sblock.fs_state = 0;
458 	sblock.fs_clean = 1;
459 	sblock.fs_id[0] = (u_int32_t)utime;
460 	sblock.fs_id[1] = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
461 	sblock.fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
462 
463 	csfrags = howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
464 	sblock.fs_dsize = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_sblkno -
465 	    sblock.fs_ncg * (sblock.fs_dblkno - sblock.fs_sblkno);
466 
467 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_dsize) -
468 	    howmany(csfrags, sblock.fs_frag);
469 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = fragnum(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) +
470 	    (fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) > 0 ?
471 	    sblock.fs_frag - fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) : 0);
472 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg - ROOTINO;
473 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
474 
475 	sblock.fs_dsize -= csfrags;
476 	sblock.fs_time = utime;
477 
478 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
479 		sblock.fs_ffs1_time = sblock.fs_time;
480 		sblock.fs_ffs1_dsize = sblock.fs_dsize;
481 		sblock.fs_ffs1_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr;
482 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
483 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
484 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
485 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
486 	}
487 
488 	/*
489 	 * Dump out summary information about file system.
490 	 */
491 	if (!mfs) {
492 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
493 		printf("%s: %.1fMB in %jd sectors of %lld bytes\n", fsys,
494 		    (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
495 		    (intmax_t)fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) /
496 		    (sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), sectorsize);
497 		printf("%d cylinder groups of %.2fMB, %d blocks, %d"
498 		    " inodes each\n", sblock.fs_ncg,
499 		    (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
500 		    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag, sblock.fs_ipg);
501 #undef B2MBFACTOR
502 		checksz();
503 	}
504 
505 	/*
506 	 * Wipe out old FFS1 superblock if necessary.
507 	 */
508 	if (Oflag >= 2) {
509 		union fs_u *fsun1;
510 		struct fs *fs1;
511 
512 		fsun1 = calloc(1, sizeof(union fs_u));
513 		if (fsun1 == NULL)
514 			err(39, "calloc");
515 		fs1 = &fsun1->fs;
516 		rdfs(SBLOCK_UFS1 / DEV_BSIZE, SBSIZE, (char *)fs1);
517 		if (fs1->fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
518 			fs1->fs_magic = FS_BAD_MAGIC;
519 			wtfs(SBLOCK_UFS1 / DEV_BSIZE, SBSIZE, (char *)fs1);
520 		}
521 		free(fsun1);
522 	}
523 
524 	wtfs((int)sblock.fs_sblockloc / DEV_BSIZE, SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
525 	sblock.fs_magic = (Oflag <= 1) ? FS_UFS1_MAGIC : FS_UFS2_MAGIC;
526 
527 	/*
528 	 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
529 	 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
530 	 */
531 	if (!quiet)
532 		printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
533 #ifndef STANDALONE
534 	else if (!mfs && isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
535 		signal(SIGINFO, siginfo);
536 		cur_fsys = fsys;
537 	}
538 #endif
539 	i = 0;
540 	width = charsperline();
541 	/*
542 	* Allocate space for superblock, cylinder group map, and two sets of
543 	* inode blocks.
544 	*/
545 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < SBLOCKSIZE)
546 		iobufsize = SBLOCKSIZE + 3 * sblock.fs_bsize;
547 	else
548 		iobufsize = 4 * sblock.fs_bsize;
549 	if ((iobuf = malloc(iobufsize)) == 0)
550 		errx(38, "cannot allocate I/O buffer");
551 	bzero(iobuf, iobufsize);
552 	/*
553 	 * Make a copy of the superblock into the buffer that we will be
554 	 * writing out in each cylinder group.
555 	 */
556 	bcopy((char *)&sblock, iobuf, SBLOCKSIZE);
557 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
558 		cur_cylno = (sig_atomic_t)cylno;
559 		initcg(cylno, utime);
560 		if (quiet)
561 			continue;
562 		j = snprintf(tmpbuf, sizeof tmpbuf, " %lld,",
563 		    (long long)fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
564 		if (j >= sizeof tmpbuf)
565 			j = sizeof tmpbuf - 1;
566 		if (j == -1 || i+j >= width) {
567 			printf("\n");
568 			i = 0;
569 		}
570 		i += j;
571 		printf("%s", tmpbuf);
572 		fflush(stdout);
573 	}
574 	if (!quiet)
575 		printf("\n");
576 	if (Nflag && !mfs)
577 		exit(0);
578 	/*
579 	 * Now construct the initial file system, then write out the superblock.
580 	 */
581 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
582 		if (fsinit1(utime, mfsmode, mfsuid, mfsgid))
583 			errx(32, "fsinit1 failed");
584 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
585 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
586 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
587 		sblock.fs_ffs1_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
588 	} else {
589 		if (fsinit2(utime))
590 			errx(32, "fsinit2 failed");
591 	}
592 
593 	wtfs((int)sblock.fs_sblockloc / DEV_BSIZE, SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
594 
595 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
596 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
597 		    sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
598 		    sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
599 		    ((char *)fscs) + i);
600 
601 	/*
602 	 * Update information about this partition in pack label, to that it may
603 	 * be updated on disk.
604 	 */
605 	pp->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS;
606 	pp->p_fragblock =
607 	    DISKLABELV1_FFS_FRAGBLOCK(sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_frag);
608 	pp->p_cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
609 }
610 
611 /*
612  * Initialize a cylinder group.
613  */
614 void
615 initcg(int cylno, time_t utime)
616 {
617 	int i, j, d, dlower, dupper, blkno, start;
618 	daddr_t cbase, dmax;
619 	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
620 	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2;
621 	struct csum *cs;
622 
623 	/*
624 	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.  Allow space for
625 	 * super block summary information in first cylinder group.
626 	 */
627 	cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
628 	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
629 	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
630 		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
631 	if (fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)) + iobufsize / DEV_BSIZE
632 	    > fssize)
633 		errx(40, "inode table does not fit in cylinder group");
634 
635 	dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
636 	dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
637 	if (cylno == 0)
638 		dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
639 	cs = &fscs[cylno];
640 	memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
641 	acg.cg_ffs2_time = utime;
642 	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
643 	acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
644 	acg.cg_ffs2_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
645 	acg.cg_initediblk = MIN(sblock.fs_ipg, 2 * INOPB(&sblock));
646 	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
647 
648 	start = sizeof(struct cg);
649 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
650 		/* Hack to maintain compatibility with old fsck. */
651 		if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
652 			acg.cg_ncyl = 0;
653 		else
654 			acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
655 		acg.cg_time = acg.cg_ffs2_time;
656 		acg.cg_ffs2_time = 0;
657 		acg.cg_niblk = acg.cg_ffs2_niblk;
658 		acg.cg_ffs2_niblk = 0;
659 		acg.cg_initediblk = 0;
660 		acg.cg_btotoff = start;
661 		acg.cg_boff = acg.cg_btotoff + sblock.fs_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
662 		acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_boff +
663 		    sblock.fs_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
664 	} else {
665 		acg.cg_iusedoff = start;
666 	}
667 
668 	acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
669 	acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT);
670 	if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff > sblock.fs_cgsize)
671 		errx(37, "panic: cylinder group too big: %d > %d",
672 		    acg.cg_nextfreeoff, sblock.fs_cgsize);
673 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
674 	if (cylno == 0) {
675 		for (i = 0; i < ROOTINO; i++) {
676 			setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), i);
677 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
678 		}
679 	}
680 	if (cylno > 0) {
681 		/*
682 		 * In cylno 0, space is reserved for boot and super blocks.
683 		 */
684 		for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
685 			blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
686 			setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
687 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
688 			if (Oflag <= 1) {
689 				cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
690 				cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
691 				    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
692 			}
693 		}
694 	}
695 	if ((i = dupper % sblock.fs_frag)) {
696 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
697 		for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
698 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper);
699 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
700 		}
701 	}
702 	for (d = dupper;
703 	    d + sblock.fs_frag <= acg.cg_ndblk;
704 	    d += sblock.fs_frag) {
705 		blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
706 		setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
707 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
708 		if (Oflag <= 1) {
709 			cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
710 			cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
711 			    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
712 		}
713 	}
714 	if (d < acg.cg_ndblk) {
715 		acg.cg_frsum[acg.cg_ndblk - d]++;
716 		for (; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d++) {
717 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d);
718 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
719 		}
720 	}
721 	*cs = acg.cg_cs;
722 
723 	/*
724 	 * Write out the duplicate superblock, the cylinder group map
725 	 * and two blocks worth of inodes in a single write.
726 	 */
727 	start = sblock.fs_bsize > SBLOCKSIZE ? sblock.fs_bsize : SBLOCKSIZE;
728 	bcopy((char *)&acg, &iobuf[start], sblock.fs_cgsize);
729 	start += sblock.fs_bsize;
730 	dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
731 	dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
732 	for (i = MIN(sblock.fs_ipg, 2 * INOPB(&sblock)); i != 0; i--) {
733 		if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
734 			dp1->di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
735 			dp1++;
736 		} else {
737 			dp2->di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
738 			dp2++;
739 		}
740 	}
741 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), iobufsize, iobuf);
742 
743 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
744 		/* Initialize inodes for FFS1. */
745 		for (i = 2 * sblock.fs_frag;
746 		    i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
747 		    i += sblock.fs_frag) {
748 			dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
749 			for (j = 0; j < INOPB(&sblock); j++) {
750 				dp1->di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
751 				dp1++;
752 			}
753 			wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
754 			    sblock.fs_bsize, &iobuf[start]);
755 		}
756 	}
757 }
758 
759 #define PREDEFDIR 2
760 
761 struct direct root_dir[] = {
762 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
763 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
764 };
765 struct odirect {
766 	u_int32_t d_ino;
767 	u_int16_t d_reclen;
768 	u_int16_t d_namlen;
769 	u_char	d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1];
770 } oroot_dir[] = {
771 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
772 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
773 };
774 
775 int
776 fsinit1(time_t utime, mode_t mfsmode, uid_t mfsuid, gid_t mfsgid)
777 {
778 	union dinode node;
779 
780 	/*
781 	 * Initialize the node
782 	 */
783 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
784 	node.dp1.di_atime = utime;
785 	node.dp1.di_mtime = utime;
786 	node.dp1.di_ctime = utime;
787 
788 	/*
789 	 * Create the root directory.
790 	 */
791 	if (mfs) {
792 		node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | mfsmode;
793 		node.dp1.di_uid = mfsuid;
794 		node.dp1.di_gid = mfsgid;
795 	} else {
796 		node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
797 		node.dp1.di_uid = geteuid();
798 		node.dp1.di_gid = getegid();
799 	}
800 	node.dp1.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
801 	if (Oflag == 0)
802 		node.dp1.di_size = makedir((struct direct *)oroot_dir,
803 		    PREDEFDIR);
804 	else
805 		node.dp1.di_size = makedir(root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
806 	node.dp1.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode);
807 	if (node.dp1.di_db[0] == 0)
808 		return (1);
809 
810 	node.dp1.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size));
811 
812 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
813 	iput(&node, ROOTINO);
814 
815 #ifdef notyet
816 	/*
817 	* Create the .snap directory.
818 	*/
819 	node.dp1.di_mode |= 020;
820 	node.dp1.di_gid = gid;
821 	node.dp1.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT;
822 	node.dp1.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT);
823 
824 	node.dp1.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode);
825 	if (node.dp1.di_db[0] == 0)
826 		return (1);
827 
828 	node.dp1.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size));
829 
830 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
831 	iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1);
832 #endif
833 	return (0);
834 }
835 
836 int
837 fsinit2(time_t utime)
838 {
839 	union dinode node;
840 
841 	/*
842 	 * Initialize the node.
843 	 */
844 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
845 	node.dp2.di_atime = utime;
846 	node.dp2.di_mtime = utime;
847 	node.dp2.di_ctime = utime;
848 
849 	/*
850 	 * Create the root directory.
851 	 */
852 	node.dp2.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
853 	node.dp2.di_uid = geteuid();
854 	node.dp2.di_gid = getegid();
855 	node.dp2.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
856 	node.dp2.di_size = makedir(root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
857 
858 	node.dp2.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode);
859 	if (node.dp2.di_db[0] == 0)
860 		return (1);
861 
862 	node.dp2.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size));
863 
864 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
865 	iput(&node, ROOTINO);
866 
867 #ifdef notyet
868 	/*
869 	 * Create the .snap directory.
870 	 */
871 	node.dp2.di_mode |= 020;
872 	node.dp2.di_gid = gid;
873 	node.dp2.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT;
874 	node.dp2.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT);
875 
876 	node.dp2.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode);
877 	if (node.dp2.di_db[0] == 0)
878 		return (1);
879 
880 	node.dp2.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size));
881 
882 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
883 	iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1);
884 #endif
885 	return (0);
886 }
887 
888 /*
889  * construct a set of directory entries in "buf".
890  * return size of directory.
891  */
892 int
893 makedir(struct direct *protodir, int entries)
894 {
895 	char *cp;
896 	int i, spcleft;
897 
898 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
899 	for (cp = iobuf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
900 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]);
901 		memcpy(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
902 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
903 		spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
904 	}
905 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
906 	memcpy(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]));
907 	return (DIRBLKSIZ);
908 }
909 
910 /*
911  * allocate a block or frag
912  */
913 daddr_t
914 alloc(int size, int mode)
915 {
916 	int i, frag;
917 	daddr_t d, blkno;
918 
919 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
920 	    (char *)&acg);
921 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
922 		warnx("cg 0: bad magic number");
923 		return (0);
924 	}
925 	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
926 		warnx("first cylinder group ran out of space");
927 		return (0);
928 	}
929 	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
930 		if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag))
931 			goto goth;
932 	warnx("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0");
933 	return (0);
934 goth:
935 	blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
936 	clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
937 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
938 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
939 	fscs[0].cs_nbfree--;
940 	if (mode & IFDIR) {
941 		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
942 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
943 		fscs[0].cs_ndir++;
944 	}
945 	if (Oflag <= 1) {
946 		cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]--;
947 		cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
948 		    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]--;
949 	}
950 	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
951 		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
952 		fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
953 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
954 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
955 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
956 		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
957 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i);
958 	}
959 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
960 	    (char *)&acg);
961 	return (d);
962 }
963 
964 /*
965  * Allocate an inode on the disk
966  */
967 void
968 iput(union dinode *ip, ino_t ino)
969 {
970 	daddr_t d;
971 
972 	if (Oflag <= 1)
973 		ip->dp1.di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
974 	else
975 		ip->dp2.di_gen = (u_int32_t)arc4random();
976 
977 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
978 	    (char *)&acg);
979 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC)
980 		errx(41, "cg 0: bad magic number");
981 
982 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
983 	setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino);
984 
985 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
986 	    (char *)&acg);
987 
988 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
989 	fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
990 	if (ino >= sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg)
991 		errx(32, "fsinit: inode value %llu out of range",
992 		    (unsigned long long)ino);
993 	d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
994 	rdfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, iobuf);
995 
996 	if (Oflag <= 1)
997 		((struct ufs1_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] =
998 		    ip->dp1;
999 	else
1000 		((struct ufs2_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] =
1001 		    ip->dp2;
1002 
1003 	wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, iobuf);
1004 }
1005 
1006 /*
1007  * read a block from the file system
1008  */
1009 void
1010 rdfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf)
1011 {
1012 	int n;
1013 
1014 	if (mfs) {
1015 		memcpy(bf, membase + bno * DEV_BSIZE, size);
1016 		return;
1017 	}
1018 	n = pread(fsi, bf, size, (off_t)bno * DEV_BSIZE);
1019 	if (n != size) {
1020 		err(34, "rdfs: read error on block %lld", (long long)bno);
1021 	}
1022 }
1023 
1024 /*
1025  * write a block to the file system
1026  */
1027 void
1028 wtfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf)
1029 {
1030 	int n;
1031 
1032 	if (mfs) {
1033 		memcpy(membase + bno * DEV_BSIZE, bf, size);
1034 		return;
1035 	}
1036 	if (Nflag)
1037 		return;
1038 	n = pwrite(fso, bf, size, (off_t)bno * DEV_BSIZE);
1039 	if (n != size) {
1040 		err(36, "wtfs: write error on block %lld", (long long)bno);
1041 	}
1042 }
1043 
1044 /*
1045  * check if a block is available
1046  */
1047 int
1048 isblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1049 {
1050 	unsigned char mask;
1051 
1052 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1053 	case 8:
1054 		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
1055 	case 4:
1056 		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
1057 		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
1058 	case 2:
1059 		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
1060 		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
1061 	case 1:
1062 		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
1063 		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
1064 	default:
1065 #ifdef STANDALONE
1066 		printf("isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1067 #else
1068 		warnx("isblock bad fs_frag %d", fs->fs_frag);
1069 #endif
1070 		return (0);
1071 	}
1072 }
1073 
1074 /*
1075  * take a block out of the map
1076  */
1077 void
1078 clrblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1079 {
1080 	switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
1081 	case 8:
1082 		cp[h] = 0;
1083 		return;
1084 	case 4:
1085 		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1086 		return;
1087 	case 2:
1088 		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1089 		return;
1090 	case 1:
1091 		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1092 		return;
1093 	default:
1094 #ifdef STANDALONE
1095 		printf("clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1096 #else
1097 		warnx("clrblock bad fs_frag %d", fs->fs_frag);
1098 #endif
1099 		return;
1100 	}
1101 }
1102 
1103 /*
1104  * put a block into the map
1105  */
1106 void
1107 setblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1108 {
1109 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1110 	case 8:
1111 		cp[h] = 0xff;
1112 		return;
1113 	case 4:
1114 		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1115 		return;
1116 	case 2:
1117 		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1118 		return;
1119 	case 1:
1120 		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1121 		return;
1122 	default:
1123 #ifdef STANDALONE
1124 		printf("setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1125 #else
1126 		warnx("setblock bad fs_frag %d", fs->fs_frag);
1127 #endif
1128 		return;
1129 	}
1130 }
1131 
1132 /*
1133  * Determine the number of characters in a
1134  * single line.
1135  */
1136 static int
1137 charsperline(void)
1138 {
1139 	int columns;
1140 	char *cp;
1141 	struct winsize ws;
1142 
1143 	columns = 0;
1144 	if (ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1)
1145 		columns = ws.ws_col;
1146 	if (columns == 0 && (cp = getenv("COLUMNS")))
1147 		columns = atoi(cp);
1148 	if (columns == 0)
1149 		columns = 80;   /* last resort */
1150 	return columns;
1151 }
1152 
1153 static int
1154 ilog2(int val)
1155 {
1156 	int n;
1157 
1158 	for (n = 0; n < sizeof(n) * CHAR_BIT; n++)
1159 		if (1 << n == val)
1160 			return (n);
1161 
1162 	errx(1, "ilog2: %d is not a power of 2\n", val);
1163 }
1164 
1165 struct inoinfo {
1166         struct  inoinfo *i_nexthash;    /* next entry in hash chain */
1167         struct  inoinfo *i_child, *i_sibling, *i_parentp;
1168         size_t  i_isize;                /* size of inode */
1169         ino_t   i_number;               /* inode number of this entry */
1170         ino_t   i_parent;               /* inode number of parent */
1171 
1172         ino_t   i_dotdot;               /* inode number of `..' */
1173         u_int   i_numblks;              /* size of block array in bytes */
1174         daddr_t i_blks[1];              /* actually longer */
1175 };
1176 
1177 static void
1178 checksz(void)
1179 {
1180 	unsigned long long allocate, maxino, maxfsblock, ndir, bound;
1181 	int mib[2];
1182 	struct rlimit datasz;
1183 	size_t len;
1184 
1185 	mib[0] = CTL_HW;
1186 	mib[1] = HW_PHYSMEM64;
1187 	len = sizeof(bound);
1188 
1189 	if (sysctl(mib, 2, &bound, &len, NULL, 0) != 0)
1190 		err(1, "can't get physmem");
1191 	if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &datasz) != 0)
1192 		err(1, "can't get rlimit");
1193 	bound = MIN(datasz.rlim_max, bound);
1194 
1195 	allocate = 0;
1196 	maxino = sblock.fs_ncg * (unsigned long long)sblock.fs_ipg;
1197 	maxfsblock = sblock.fs_size;
1198 	ndir = maxino / avgfilesperdir;
1199 
1200 	allocate += roundup(howmany(maxfsblock, NBBY), sizeof(int16_t));
1201 	allocate += (maxino + 1) * 3;
1202 	allocate += sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(long);
1203 	allocate += (MAX(ndir, 128) + 10) * sizeof(struct inoinfo);
1204 	allocate += MAX(ndir, 128) * sizeof(struct inoinfo);
1205 
1206 	if (allocate > bound)
1207 		warnx("warning: fsck_ffs will need %lluMB; "
1208 		    "min(ulimit -dH,physmem) is %lluMB",
1209 		    allocate / (1024ULL * 1024ULL),
1210 		    bound / (1024ULL * 1024ULL));
1211 }
1212