xref: /openbsd-src/lib/libm/src/s_tanh.c (revision d13be5d47e4149db2549a9828e244d59dbc43f15)
1 /* @(#)s_tanh.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
2 /*
3  * ====================================================
4  * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
8  * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
9  * is preserved.
10  * ====================================================
11  */
12 
13 /* LINTLIBRARY */
14 
15 /* Tanh(x)
16  * Return the Hyperbolic Tangent of x
17  *
18  * Method :
19  *				       x    -x
20  *				      e  - e
21  *	0. tanh(x) is defined to be -----------
22  *				       x    -x
23  *				      e  + e
24  *	1. reduce x to non-negative by tanh(-x) = -tanh(x).
25  *	2.  0      <= x <= 2**-55 : tanh(x) := x*(one+x)
26  *					        -t
27  *	    2**-55 <  x <=  1     : tanh(x) := -----; t = expm1(-2x)
28  *					       t + 2
29  *						     2
30  *	    1      <= x <=  22.0  : tanh(x) := 1-  ----- ; t=expm1(2x)
31  *						   t + 2
32  *	    22.0   <  x <= INF    : tanh(x) := 1.
33  *
34  * Special cases:
35  *	tanh(NaN) is NaN;
36  *	only tanh(0)=0 is exact for finite argument.
37  */
38 
39 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
40 #include <float.h>
41 #include <math.h>
42 
43 #include "math_private.h"
44 
45 static const double one=1.0, two=2.0, tiny = 1.0e-300;
46 
47 double
48 tanh(double x)
49 {
50 	double t,z;
51 	int32_t jx,ix,lx;
52 
53     /* High word of |x|. */
54 	EXTRACT_WORDS(jx,lx,x);
55 	ix = jx&0x7fffffff;
56 
57     /* x is INF or NaN */
58 	if(ix>=0x7ff00000) {
59 	    if (jx>=0) return one/x+one;    /* tanh(+-inf)=+-1 */
60 	    else       return one/x-one;    /* tanh(NaN) = NaN */
61 	}
62 
63     /* |x| < 22 */
64 	if (ix < 0x40360000) {		/* |x|<22 */
65 	    if ((ix | lx) == 0)
66 		return x;		/* x == +-0 */
67 	    if (ix<0x3c800000) 		/* |x|<2**-55 */
68 		return x*(one+x);    	/* tanh(small) = small */
69 	    if (ix>=0x3ff00000) {	/* |x|>=1  */
70 		t = expm1(two*fabs(x));
71 		z = one - two/(t+two);
72 	    } else {
73 	        t = expm1(-two*fabs(x));
74 	        z= -t/(t+two);
75 	    }
76     /* |x| > 22, return +-1 */
77 	} else {
78 	    z = one - tiny;		/* raised inexact flag */
79 	}
80 	return (jx>=0)? z: -z;
81 }
82 
83 #if	LDBL_MANT_DIG == 53
84 #ifdef	lint
85 /* PROTOLIB1 */
86 long double tanhl(long double);
87 #else	/* lint */
88 __weak_alias(tanhl, tanh);
89 #endif	/* lint */
90 #endif	/* LDBL_MANT_DIG == 53 */
91