xref: /openbsd-src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/util.c (revision b2ea75c1b17e1a9a339660e7ed45cd24946b230e)
1 /*    util.c
2  *
3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2001, Larry Wall
4  *
5  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
7  *
8  */
9 
10 /*
11  * "Very useful, no doubt, that was to Saruman; yet it seems that he was
12  * not content."  --Gandalf
13  */
14 
15 #include "EXTERN.h"
16 #define PERL_IN_UTIL_C
17 #include "perl.h"
18 
19 #if !defined(NSIG) || defined(M_UNIX) || defined(M_XENIX)
20 #include <signal.h>
21 #endif
22 
23 #ifndef SIG_ERR
24 # define SIG_ERR ((Sighandler_t) -1)
25 #endif
26 
27 #ifdef I_VFORK
28 #  include <vfork.h>
29 #endif
30 
31 /* Put this after #includes because fork and vfork prototypes may
32    conflict.
33 */
34 #ifndef HAS_VFORK
35 #   define vfork fork
36 #endif
37 
38 #ifdef I_SYS_WAIT
39 #  include <sys/wait.h>
40 #endif
41 
42 #ifdef I_LOCALE
43 #  include <locale.h>
44 #endif
45 
46 #define FLUSH
47 
48 #ifdef LEAKTEST
49 
50 long xcount[MAXXCOUNT];
51 long lastxcount[MAXXCOUNT];
52 long xycount[MAXXCOUNT][MAXYCOUNT];
53 long lastxycount[MAXXCOUNT][MAXYCOUNT];
54 
55 #endif
56 
57 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD) && !defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
58 #  define FD_CLOEXEC 1			/* NeXT needs this */
59 #endif
60 
61 /* paranoid version of system's malloc() */
62 
63 /* NOTE:  Do not call the next three routines directly.  Use the macros
64  * in handy.h, so that we can easily redefine everything to do tracking of
65  * allocated hunks back to the original New to track down any memory leaks.
66  * XXX This advice seems to be widely ignored :-(   --AD  August 1996.
67  */
68 
69 Malloc_t
70 Perl_safesysmalloc(MEM_SIZE size)
71 {
72     dTHX;
73     Malloc_t ptr;
74 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
75 	if (size > 0xffff) {
76 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
77 			  "Allocation too large: %lx\n", size) FLUSH;
78 	    my_exit(1);
79 	}
80 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
81 #ifdef DEBUGGING
82     if ((long)size < 0)
83 	Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: malloc");
84 #endif
85     ptr = PerlMem_malloc(size?size:1);	/* malloc(0) is NASTY on our system */
86     PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
87     DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) malloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
88     if (ptr != Nullch)
89 	return ptr;
90     else if (PL_nomemok)
91 	return Nullch;
92     else {
93 	PerlIO_puts(Perl_error_log,PL_no_mem) FLUSH;
94 	my_exit(1);
95         return Nullch;
96     }
97     /*NOTREACHED*/
98 }
99 
100 /* paranoid version of system's realloc() */
101 
102 Malloc_t
103 Perl_safesysrealloc(Malloc_t where,MEM_SIZE size)
104 {
105     dTHX;
106     Malloc_t ptr;
107 #if !defined(STANDARD_C) && !defined(HAS_REALLOC_PROTOTYPE) && !defined(PERL_MICRO)
108     Malloc_t PerlMem_realloc();
109 #endif /* !defined(STANDARD_C) && !defined(HAS_REALLOC_PROTOTYPE) */
110 
111 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
112     if (size > 0xffff) {
113 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
114 		      "Reallocation too large: %lx\n", size) FLUSH;
115 	my_exit(1);
116     }
117 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
118     if (!size) {
119 	safesysfree(where);
120 	return NULL;
121     }
122 
123     if (!where)
124 	return safesysmalloc(size);
125 #ifdef DEBUGGING
126     if ((long)size < 0)
127 	Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: realloc");
128 #endif
129     ptr = PerlMem_realloc(where,size);
130     PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
131 
132     DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) rfree\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
133     DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) realloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
134 
135     if (ptr != Nullch)
136 	return ptr;
137     else if (PL_nomemok)
138 	return Nullch;
139     else {
140 	PerlIO_puts(Perl_error_log,PL_no_mem) FLUSH;
141 	my_exit(1);
142 	return Nullch;
143     }
144     /*NOTREACHED*/
145 }
146 
147 /* safe version of system's free() */
148 
149 Free_t
150 Perl_safesysfree(Malloc_t where)
151 {
152 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
153     dTHX;
154 #endif
155     DEBUG_m( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) free\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
156     if (where) {
157 	/*SUPPRESS 701*/
158 	PerlMem_free(where);
159     }
160 }
161 
162 /* safe version of system's calloc() */
163 
164 Malloc_t
165 Perl_safesyscalloc(MEM_SIZE count, MEM_SIZE size)
166 {
167     dTHX;
168     Malloc_t ptr;
169 
170 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
171     if (size * count > 0xffff) {
172 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
173 		      "Allocation too large: %lx\n", size * count) FLUSH;
174 	my_exit(1);
175     }
176 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
177 #ifdef DEBUGGING
178     if ((long)size < 0 || (long)count < 0)
179 	Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: calloc");
180 #endif
181     size *= count;
182     ptr = PerlMem_malloc(size?size:1);	/* malloc(0) is NASTY on our system */
183     PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
184     DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) calloc %ld x %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)count,(long)size));
185     if (ptr != Nullch) {
186 	memset((void*)ptr, 0, size);
187 	return ptr;
188     }
189     else if (PL_nomemok)
190 	return Nullch;
191     else {
192 	PerlIO_puts(Perl_error_log,PL_no_mem) FLUSH;
193 	my_exit(1);
194 	return Nullch;
195     }
196     /*NOTREACHED*/
197 }
198 
199 #ifdef LEAKTEST
200 
201 struct mem_test_strut {
202     union {
203 	long type;
204 	char c[2];
205     } u;
206     long size;
207 };
208 
209 #    define ALIGN sizeof(struct mem_test_strut)
210 
211 #    define sizeof_chunk(ch) (((struct mem_test_strut*) (ch))->size)
212 #    define typeof_chunk(ch) \
213 	(((struct mem_test_strut*) (ch))->u.c[0] + ((struct mem_test_strut*) (ch))->u.c[1]*100)
214 #    define set_typeof_chunk(ch,t) \
215 	(((struct mem_test_strut*) (ch))->u.c[0] = t % 100, ((struct mem_test_strut*) (ch))->u.c[1] = t / 100)
216 #define SIZE_TO_Y(size) ( (size) > MAXY_SIZE				\
217 			  ? MAXYCOUNT - 1 				\
218 			  : ( (size) > 40 				\
219 			      ? ((size) - 1)/8 + 5			\
220 			      : ((size) - 1)/4))
221 
222 Malloc_t
223 Perl_safexmalloc(I32 x, MEM_SIZE size)
224 {
225     register char* where = (char*)safemalloc(size + ALIGN);
226 
227     xcount[x] += size;
228     xycount[x][SIZE_TO_Y(size)]++;
229     set_typeof_chunk(where, x);
230     sizeof_chunk(where) = size;
231     return (Malloc_t)(where + ALIGN);
232 }
233 
234 Malloc_t
235 Perl_safexrealloc(Malloc_t wh, MEM_SIZE size)
236 {
237     char *where = (char*)wh;
238 
239     if (!wh)
240 	return safexmalloc(0,size);
241 
242     {
243 	MEM_SIZE old = sizeof_chunk(where - ALIGN);
244 	int t = typeof_chunk(where - ALIGN);
245 	register char* new = (char*)saferealloc(where - ALIGN, size + ALIGN);
246 
247 	xycount[t][SIZE_TO_Y(old)]--;
248 	xycount[t][SIZE_TO_Y(size)]++;
249 	xcount[t] += size - old;
250 	sizeof_chunk(new) = size;
251 	return (Malloc_t)(new + ALIGN);
252     }
253 }
254 
255 void
256 Perl_safexfree(Malloc_t wh)
257 {
258     I32 x;
259     char *where = (char*)wh;
260     MEM_SIZE size;
261 
262     if (!where)
263 	return;
264     where -= ALIGN;
265     size = sizeof_chunk(where);
266     x = where[0] + 100 * where[1];
267     xcount[x] -= size;
268     xycount[x][SIZE_TO_Y(size)]--;
269     safefree(where);
270 }
271 
272 Malloc_t
273 Perl_safexcalloc(I32 x,MEM_SIZE count, MEM_SIZE size)
274 {
275     register char * where = (char*)safexmalloc(x, size * count + ALIGN);
276     xcount[x] += size;
277     xycount[x][SIZE_TO_Y(size)]++;
278     memset((void*)(where + ALIGN), 0, size * count);
279     set_typeof_chunk(where, x);
280     sizeof_chunk(where) = size;
281     return (Malloc_t)(where + ALIGN);
282 }
283 
284 STATIC void
285 S_xstat(pTHX_ int flag)
286 {
287     register I32 i, j, total = 0;
288     I32 subtot[MAXYCOUNT];
289 
290     for (j = 0; j < MAXYCOUNT; j++) {
291 	subtot[j] = 0;
292     }
293 
294     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "   Id  subtot   4   8  12  16  20  24  28  32  36  40  48  56  64  72  80 80+\n", total);
295     for (i = 0; i < MAXXCOUNT; i++) {
296 	total += xcount[i];
297 	for (j = 0; j < MAXYCOUNT; j++) {
298 	    subtot[j] += xycount[i][j];
299 	}
300 	if (flag == 0
301 	    ? xcount[i]			/* Have something */
302 	    : (flag == 2
303 	       ? xcount[i] != lastxcount[i] /* Changed */
304 	       : xcount[i] > lastxcount[i])) { /* Growed */
305 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"%2d %02d %7ld ", i / 100, i % 100,
306 			  flag == 2 ? xcount[i] - lastxcount[i] : xcount[i]);
307 	    lastxcount[i] = xcount[i];
308 	    for (j = 0; j < MAXYCOUNT; j++) {
309 		if ( flag == 0
310 		     ? xycount[i][j]	/* Have something */
311 		     : (flag == 2
312 			? xycount[i][j] != lastxycount[i][j] /* Changed */
313 			: xycount[i][j] > lastxycount[i][j])) {	/* Growed */
314 		    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"%3ld ",
315 				  flag == 2
316 				  ? xycount[i][j] - lastxycount[i][j]
317 				  : xycount[i][j]);
318 		    lastxycount[i][j] = xycount[i][j];
319 		} else {
320 		    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "  . ", xycount[i][j]);
321 		}
322 	    }
323 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
324 	}
325     }
326     if (flag != 2) {
327 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Total %7ld ", total);
328 	for (j = 0; j < MAXYCOUNT; j++) {
329 	    if (subtot[j]) {
330 		PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%3ld ", subtot[j]);
331 	    } else {
332 		PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "  . ");
333 	    }
334 	}
335 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
336     }
337 }
338 
339 #endif /* LEAKTEST */
340 
341 /* copy a string up to some (non-backslashed) delimiter, if any */
342 
343 char *
344 Perl_delimcpy(pTHX_ register char *to, register char *toend, register char *from, register char *fromend, register int delim, I32 *retlen)
345 {
346     register I32 tolen;
347     for (tolen = 0; from < fromend; from++, tolen++) {
348 	if (*from == '\\') {
349 	    if (from[1] == delim)
350 		from++;
351 	    else {
352 		if (to < toend)
353 		    *to++ = *from;
354 		tolen++;
355 		from++;
356 	    }
357 	}
358 	else if (*from == delim)
359 	    break;
360 	if (to < toend)
361 	    *to++ = *from;
362     }
363     if (to < toend)
364 	*to = '\0';
365     *retlen = tolen;
366     return from;
367 }
368 
369 /* return ptr to little string in big string, NULL if not found */
370 /* This routine was donated by Corey Satten. */
371 
372 char *
373 Perl_instr(pTHX_ register const char *big, register const char *little)
374 {
375     register const char *s, *x;
376     register I32 first;
377 
378     if (!little)
379 	return (char*)big;
380     first = *little++;
381     if (!first)
382 	return (char*)big;
383     while (*big) {
384 	if (*big++ != first)
385 	    continue;
386 	for (x=big,s=little; *s; /**/ ) {
387 	    if (!*x)
388 		return Nullch;
389 	    if (*s++ != *x++) {
390 		s--;
391 		break;
392 	    }
393 	}
394 	if (!*s)
395 	    return (char*)(big-1);
396     }
397     return Nullch;
398 }
399 
400 /* same as instr but allow embedded nulls */
401 
402 char *
403 Perl_ninstr(pTHX_ register const char *big, register const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
404 {
405     register const char *s, *x;
406     register I32 first = *little;
407     register const char *littleend = lend;
408 
409     if (!first && little >= littleend)
410 	return (char*)big;
411     if (bigend - big < littleend - little)
412 	return Nullch;
413     bigend -= littleend - little++;
414     while (big <= bigend) {
415 	if (*big++ != first)
416 	    continue;
417 	for (x=big,s=little; s < littleend; /**/ ) {
418 	    if (*s++ != *x++) {
419 		s--;
420 		break;
421 	    }
422 	}
423 	if (s >= littleend)
424 	    return (char*)(big-1);
425     }
426     return Nullch;
427 }
428 
429 /* reverse of the above--find last substring */
430 
431 char *
432 Perl_rninstr(pTHX_ register const char *big, const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
433 {
434     register const char *bigbeg;
435     register const char *s, *x;
436     register I32 first = *little;
437     register const char *littleend = lend;
438 
439     if (!first && little >= littleend)
440 	return (char*)bigend;
441     bigbeg = big;
442     big = bigend - (littleend - little++);
443     while (big >= bigbeg) {
444 	if (*big-- != first)
445 	    continue;
446 	for (x=big+2,s=little; s < littleend; /**/ ) {
447 	    if (*s++ != *x++) {
448 		s--;
449 		break;
450 	    }
451 	}
452 	if (s >= littleend)
453 	    return (char*)(big+1);
454     }
455     return Nullch;
456 }
457 
458 /*
459  * Set up for a new ctype locale.
460  */
461 void
462 Perl_new_ctype(pTHX_ char *newctype)
463 {
464 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
465 
466     int i;
467 
468     for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
469 	if (isUPPER_LC(i))
470 	    PL_fold_locale[i] = toLOWER_LC(i);
471 	else if (isLOWER_LC(i))
472 	    PL_fold_locale[i] = toUPPER_LC(i);
473 	else
474 	    PL_fold_locale[i] = i;
475     }
476 
477 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
478 }
479 
480 /*
481  * Standardize the locale name from a string returned by 'setlocale'.
482  *
483  * The standard return value of setlocale() is either
484  * (1) "xx_YY" if the first argument of setlocale() is not LC_ALL
485  * (2) "xa_YY xb_YY ..." if the first argument of setlocale() is LC_ALL
486  *     (the space-separated values represent the various sublocales,
487  *      in some unspecificed order)
488  *
489  * In some platforms it has a form like "LC_SOMETHING=Lang_Country.866\n",
490  * which is harmful for further use of the string in setlocale().
491  *
492  */
493 STATIC char *
494 S_stdize_locale(pTHX_ char *locs)
495 {
496     char *s;
497     bool okay = TRUE;
498 
499     if ((s = strchr(locs, '='))) {
500 	char *t;
501 
502 	okay = FALSE;
503 	if ((t = strchr(s, '.'))) {
504 	    char *u;
505 
506 	    if ((u = strchr(t, '\n'))) {
507 
508 		if (u[1] == 0) {
509 		    STRLEN len = u - s;
510 		    Move(s + 1, locs, len, char);
511 		    locs[len] = 0;
512 		    okay = TRUE;
513 		}
514 	    }
515 	}
516     }
517 
518     if (!okay)
519 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fix broken locale name \"%s\"", locs);
520 
521     return locs;
522 }
523 
524 /*
525  * Set up for a new collation locale.
526  */
527 void
528 Perl_new_collate(pTHX_ char *newcoll)
529 {
530 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
531 
532     if (! newcoll) {
533 	if (PL_collation_name) {
534 	    ++PL_collation_ix;
535 	    Safefree(PL_collation_name);
536 	    PL_collation_name = NULL;
537 	}
538 	PL_collation_standard = TRUE;
539 	PL_collxfrm_base = 0;
540 	PL_collxfrm_mult = 2;
541 	return;
542     }
543 
544     if (! PL_collation_name || strNE(PL_collation_name, newcoll)) {
545 	++PL_collation_ix;
546 	Safefree(PL_collation_name);
547 	PL_collation_name = stdize_locale(savepv(newcoll));
548 	PL_collation_standard = (strEQ(newcoll, "C") || strEQ(newcoll, "POSIX"));
549 
550 	{
551 	  /*  2: at most so many chars ('a', 'b'). */
552 	  /* 50: surely no system expands a char more. */
553 #define XFRMBUFSIZE  (2 * 50)
554 	  char xbuf[XFRMBUFSIZE];
555 	  Size_t fa = strxfrm(xbuf, "a",  XFRMBUFSIZE);
556 	  Size_t fb = strxfrm(xbuf, "ab", XFRMBUFSIZE);
557 	  SSize_t mult = fb - fa;
558 	  if (mult < 1)
559 	      Perl_croak(aTHX_ "strxfrm() gets absurd");
560 	  PL_collxfrm_base = (fa > mult) ? (fa - mult) : 0;
561 	  PL_collxfrm_mult = mult;
562 	}
563     }
564 
565 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
566 }
567 
568 void
569 Perl_set_numeric_radix(pTHX)
570 {
571 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
572 # ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV
573     struct lconv* lc;
574 
575     lc = localeconv();
576     if (lc && lc->decimal_point) {
577 	if (lc->decimal_point[0] == '.' && lc->decimal_point[1] == 0) {
578 	    SvREFCNT_dec(PL_numeric_radix_sv);
579 	    PL_numeric_radix_sv = 0;
580 	}
581 	else {
582 	    if (PL_numeric_radix_sv)
583 		sv_setpv(PL_numeric_radix_sv, lc->decimal_point);
584 	    else
585 		PL_numeric_radix_sv = newSVpv(lc->decimal_point, 0);
586 	}
587     }
588     else
589 	PL_numeric_radix_sv = 0;
590 # endif /* HAS_LOCALECONV */
591 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
592 }
593 
594 /*
595  * Set up for a new numeric locale.
596  */
597 void
598 Perl_new_numeric(pTHX_ char *newnum)
599 {
600 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
601 
602     if (! newnum) {
603 	if (PL_numeric_name) {
604 	    Safefree(PL_numeric_name);
605 	    PL_numeric_name = NULL;
606 	}
607 	PL_numeric_standard = TRUE;
608 	PL_numeric_local = TRUE;
609 	return;
610     }
611 
612     if (! PL_numeric_name || strNE(PL_numeric_name, newnum)) {
613 	Safefree(PL_numeric_name);
614 	PL_numeric_name = stdize_locale(savepv(newnum));
615 	PL_numeric_standard = (strEQ(newnum, "C") || strEQ(newnum, "POSIX"));
616 	PL_numeric_local = TRUE;
617 	set_numeric_radix();
618     }
619 
620 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
621 }
622 
623 void
624 Perl_set_numeric_standard(pTHX)
625 {
626 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
627 
628     if (! PL_numeric_standard) {
629 	setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
630 	PL_numeric_standard = TRUE;
631 	PL_numeric_local = FALSE;
632 	set_numeric_radix();
633     }
634 
635 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
636 }
637 
638 void
639 Perl_set_numeric_local(pTHX)
640 {
641 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
642 
643     if (! PL_numeric_local) {
644 	setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, PL_numeric_name);
645 	PL_numeric_standard = FALSE;
646 	PL_numeric_local = TRUE;
647 	set_numeric_radix();
648     }
649 
650 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
651 }
652 
653 /*
654  * Initialize locale awareness.
655  */
656 int
657 Perl_init_i18nl10n(pTHX_ int printwarn)
658 {
659     int ok = 1;
660     /* returns
661      *    1 = set ok or not applicable,
662      *    0 = fallback to C locale,
663      *   -1 = fallback to C locale failed
664      */
665 
666 #if defined(USE_LOCALE)
667 
668 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
669     char *curctype   = NULL;
670 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
671 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
672     char *curcoll    = NULL;
673 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
674 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
675     char *curnum     = NULL;
676 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
677 #ifdef __GLIBC__
678     char *language   = PerlEnv_getenv("LANGUAGE");
679 #endif
680     char *lc_all     = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL");
681     char *lang       = PerlEnv_getenv("LANG");
682     bool setlocale_failure = FALSE;
683 
684 #ifdef LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED
685 
686     /*
687      * Ultrix setlocale(..., "") fails if there are no environment
688      * variables from which to get a locale name.
689      */
690 
691     bool done = FALSE;
692 
693 #ifdef LC_ALL
694     if (lang) {
695 	if (setlocale(LC_ALL, ""))
696 	    done = TRUE;
697 	else
698 	    setlocale_failure = TRUE;
699     }
700     if (!setlocale_failure) {
701 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
702 	if (! (curctype =
703 	       setlocale(LC_CTYPE,
704 			 (!done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_CTYPE")))
705 				    ? "" : Nullch)))
706 	    setlocale_failure = TRUE;
707 	else
708 	    curctype = savepv(curctype);
709 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
710 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
711 	if (! (curcoll =
712 	       setlocale(LC_COLLATE,
713 			 (!done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_COLLATE")))
714 				   ? "" : Nullch)))
715 	    setlocale_failure = TRUE;
716 	else
717 	    curcoll = savepv(curcoll);
718 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
719 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
720 	if (! (curnum =
721 	       setlocale(LC_NUMERIC,
722 			 (!done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_NUMERIC")))
723 				  ? "" : Nullch)))
724 	    setlocale_failure = TRUE;
725 	else
726 	    curnum = savepv(curnum);
727 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
728     }
729 
730 #endif /* LC_ALL */
731 
732 #endif /* !LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED */
733 
734 #ifdef LC_ALL
735     if (! setlocale(LC_ALL, ""))
736 	setlocale_failure = TRUE;
737 #endif /* LC_ALL */
738 
739     if (!setlocale_failure) {
740 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
741 	if (! (curctype = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "")))
742 	    setlocale_failure = TRUE;
743 	else
744 	    curctype = savepv(curctype);
745 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
746 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
747 	if (! (curcoll = setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "")))
748 	    setlocale_failure = TRUE;
749 	else
750 	    curcoll = savepv(curcoll);
751 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
752 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
753 	if (! (curnum = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "")))
754 	    setlocale_failure = TRUE;
755 	else
756 	    curnum = savepv(curnum);
757 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
758     }
759 
760     if (setlocale_failure) {
761 	char *p;
762 	bool locwarn = (printwarn > 1 ||
763 			(printwarn &&
764 			 (!(p = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADLANG")) || atoi(p))));
765 
766 	if (locwarn) {
767 #ifdef LC_ALL
768 
769 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
770 	       "perl: warning: Setting locale failed.\n");
771 
772 #else /* !LC_ALL */
773 
774 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
775 	       "perl: warning: Setting locale failed for the categories:\n\t");
776 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
777 	    if (! curctype)
778 		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "LC_CTYPE ");
779 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
780 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
781 	    if (! curcoll)
782 		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "LC_COLLATE ");
783 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
784 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
785 	    if (! curnum)
786 		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "LC_NUMERIC ");
787 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
788 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n");
789 
790 #endif /* LC_ALL */
791 
792 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
793 		"perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:\n");
794 
795 #ifdef __GLIBC__
796 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
797 			  "\tLANGUAGE = %c%s%c,\n",
798 			  language ? '"' : '(',
799 			  language ? language : "unset",
800 			  language ? '"' : ')');
801 #endif
802 
803 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
804 			  "\tLC_ALL = %c%s%c,\n",
805 			  lc_all ? '"' : '(',
806 			  lc_all ? lc_all : "unset",
807 			  lc_all ? '"' : ')');
808 
809 #if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY)
810 	    {
811 	      char **e;
812 	      for (e = environ; *e; e++) {
813 		  if (strnEQ(*e, "LC_", 3)
814 			&& strnNE(*e, "LC_ALL=", 7)
815 			&& (p = strchr(*e, '=')))
816 		      PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\t%.*s = \"%s\",\n",
817 				    (int)(p - *e), *e, p + 1);
818 	      }
819 	    }
820 #else
821 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
822 			  "\t(possibly more locale environment variables)\n");
823 #endif
824 
825 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
826 			  "\tLANG = %c%s%c\n",
827 			  lang ? '"' : '(',
828 			  lang ? lang : "unset",
829 			  lang ? '"' : ')');
830 
831 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
832 			  "    are supported and installed on your system.\n");
833 	}
834 
835 #ifdef LC_ALL
836 
837 	if (setlocale(LC_ALL, "C")) {
838 	    if (locwarn)
839 		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
840       "perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale (\"C\").\n");
841 	    ok = 0;
842 	}
843 	else {
844 	    if (locwarn)
845 		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
846       "perl: warning: Failed to fall back to the standard locale (\"C\").\n");
847 	    ok = -1;
848 	}
849 
850 #else /* ! LC_ALL */
851 
852 	if (0
853 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
854 	    || !(curctype || setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C"))
855 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
856 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
857 	    || !(curcoll || setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "C"))
858 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
859 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
860 	    || !(curnum || setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C"))
861 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
862 	    )
863 	{
864 	    if (locwarn)
865 		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
866       "perl: warning: Cannot fall back to the standard locale (\"C\").\n");
867 	    ok = -1;
868 	}
869 
870 #endif /* ! LC_ALL */
871 
872 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
873 	curctype = savepv(setlocale(LC_CTYPE, Nullch));
874 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
875 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
876 	curcoll = savepv(setlocale(LC_COLLATE, Nullch));
877 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
878 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
879 	curnum = savepv(setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, Nullch));
880 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
881     }
882     else {
883 
884 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
885     new_ctype(curctype);
886 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
887 
888 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
889     new_collate(curcoll);
890 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
891 
892 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
893     new_numeric(curnum);
894 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
895     }
896 
897 #endif /* USE_LOCALE */
898 
899 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
900     if (curctype != NULL)
901 	Safefree(curctype);
902 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
903 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
904     if (curcoll != NULL)
905 	Safefree(curcoll);
906 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
907 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
908     if (curnum != NULL)
909 	Safefree(curnum);
910 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
911     return ok;
912 }
913 
914 /* Backwards compatibility. */
915 int
916 Perl_init_i18nl14n(pTHX_ int printwarn)
917 {
918     return init_i18nl10n(printwarn);
919 }
920 
921 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
922 
923 /*
924  * mem_collxfrm() is a bit like strxfrm() but with two important
925  * differences. First, it handles embedded NULs. Second, it allocates
926  * a bit more memory than needed for the transformed data itself.
927  * The real transformed data begins at offset sizeof(collationix).
928  * Please see sv_collxfrm() to see how this is used.
929  */
930 char *
931 Perl_mem_collxfrm(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN len, STRLEN *xlen)
932 {
933     char *xbuf;
934     STRLEN xAlloc, xin, xout; /* xalloc is a reserved word in VC */
935 
936     /* the first sizeof(collationix) bytes are used by sv_collxfrm(). */
937     /* the +1 is for the terminating NUL. */
938 
939     xAlloc = sizeof(PL_collation_ix) + PL_collxfrm_base + (PL_collxfrm_mult * len) + 1;
940     New(171, xbuf, xAlloc, char);
941     if (! xbuf)
942 	goto bad;
943 
944     *(U32*)xbuf = PL_collation_ix;
945     xout = sizeof(PL_collation_ix);
946     for (xin = 0; xin < len; ) {
947 	SSize_t xused;
948 
949 	for (;;) {
950 	    xused = strxfrm(xbuf + xout, s + xin, xAlloc - xout);
951 	    if (xused == -1)
952 		goto bad;
953 	    if (xused < xAlloc - xout)
954 		break;
955 	    xAlloc = (2 * xAlloc) + 1;
956 	    Renew(xbuf, xAlloc, char);
957 	    if (! xbuf)
958 		goto bad;
959 	}
960 
961 	xin += strlen(s + xin) + 1;
962 	xout += xused;
963 
964 	/* Embedded NULs are understood but silently skipped
965 	 * because they make no sense in locale collation. */
966     }
967 
968     xbuf[xout] = '\0';
969     *xlen = xout - sizeof(PL_collation_ix);
970     return xbuf;
971 
972   bad:
973     Safefree(xbuf);
974     *xlen = 0;
975     return NULL;
976 }
977 
978 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
979 
980 #define FBM_TABLE_OFFSET 2	/* Number of bytes between EOS and table*/
981 
982 /* As a space optimization, we do not compile tables for strings of length
983    0 and 1, and for strings of length 2 unless FBMcf_TAIL.  These are
984    special-cased in fbm_instr().
985 
986    If FBMcf_TAIL, the table is created as if the string has a trailing \n. */
987 
988 /*
989 =for apidoc fbm_compile
990 
991 Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
992 -- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
993 
994 =cut
995 */
996 
997 void
998 Perl_fbm_compile(pTHX_ SV *sv, U32 flags)
999 {
1000     register U8 *s;
1001     register U8 *table;
1002     register U32 i;
1003     STRLEN len;
1004     I32 rarest = 0;
1005     U32 frequency = 256;
1006 
1007     if (flags & FBMcf_TAIL)
1008 	sv_catpvn(sv, "\n", 1);		/* Taken into account in fbm_instr() */
1009     s = (U8*)SvPV_force(sv, len);
1010     (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVBM);
1011     if (len == 0)		/* TAIL might be on on a zero-length string. */
1012 	return;
1013     if (len > 2) {
1014 	U8 mlen;
1015 	unsigned char *sb;
1016 
1017 	if (len > 255)
1018 	    mlen = 255;
1019 	else
1020 	    mlen = (U8)len;
1021 	Sv_Grow(sv, len + 256 + FBM_TABLE_OFFSET);
1022 	table = (unsigned char*)(SvPVX(sv) + len + FBM_TABLE_OFFSET);
1023 	s = table - 1 - FBM_TABLE_OFFSET;	/* last char */
1024 	memset((void*)table, mlen, 256);
1025 	table[-1] = (U8)flags;
1026 	i = 0;
1027 	sb = s - mlen + 1;			/* first char (maybe) */
1028 	while (s >= sb) {
1029 	    if (table[*s] == mlen)
1030 		table[*s] = (U8)i;
1031 	    s--, i++;
1032 	}
1033     }
1034     sv_magic(sv, Nullsv, 'B', Nullch, 0);	/* deep magic */
1035     SvVALID_on(sv);
1036 
1037     s = (unsigned char*)(SvPVX(sv));		/* deeper magic */
1038     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
1039 	if (PL_freq[s[i]] < frequency) {
1040 	    rarest = i;
1041 	    frequency = PL_freq[s[i]];
1042 	}
1043     }
1044     BmRARE(sv) = s[rarest];
1045     BmPREVIOUS(sv) = rarest;
1046     BmUSEFUL(sv) = 100;			/* Initial value */
1047     if (flags & FBMcf_TAIL)
1048 	SvTAIL_on(sv);
1049     DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "rarest char %c at %d\n",
1050 			  BmRARE(sv),BmPREVIOUS(sv)));
1051 }
1052 
1053 /* If SvTAIL(littlestr), it has a fake '\n' at end. */
1054 /* If SvTAIL is actually due to \Z or \z, this gives false positives
1055    if multiline */
1056 
1057 /*
1058 =for apidoc fbm_instr
1059 
1060 Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
1061 C<strend>.  It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found.  The C<sv>
1062 does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
1063 then.
1064 
1065 =cut
1066 */
1067 
1068 char *
1069 Perl_fbm_instr(pTHX_ unsigned char *big, register unsigned char *bigend, SV *littlestr, U32 flags)
1070 {
1071     register unsigned char *s;
1072     STRLEN l;
1073     register unsigned char *little = (unsigned char *)SvPV(littlestr,l);
1074     register STRLEN littlelen = l;
1075     register I32 multiline = flags & FBMrf_MULTILINE;
1076 
1077     if (bigend - big < littlelen) {
1078 	if ( SvTAIL(littlestr)
1079 	     && (bigend - big == littlelen - 1)
1080 	     && (littlelen == 1
1081 		 || (*big == *little && memEQ(big, little, littlelen - 1))))
1082 	    return (char*)big;
1083 	return Nullch;
1084     }
1085 
1086     if (littlelen <= 2) {		/* Special-cased */
1087 
1088 	if (littlelen == 1) {
1089 	    if (SvTAIL(littlestr) && !multiline) { /* Anchor only! */
1090 		/* Know that bigend != big.  */
1091 		if (bigend[-1] == '\n')
1092 		    return (char *)(bigend - 1);
1093 		return (char *) bigend;
1094 	    }
1095 	    s = big;
1096 	    while (s < bigend) {
1097 		if (*s == *little)
1098 		    return (char *)s;
1099 		s++;
1100 	    }
1101 	    if (SvTAIL(littlestr))
1102 		return (char *) bigend;
1103 	    return Nullch;
1104 	}
1105 	if (!littlelen)
1106 	    return (char*)big;		/* Cannot be SvTAIL! */
1107 
1108 	/* littlelen is 2 */
1109 	if (SvTAIL(littlestr) && !multiline) {
1110 	    if (bigend[-1] == '\n' && bigend[-2] == *little)
1111 		return (char*)bigend - 2;
1112 	    if (bigend[-1] == *little)
1113 		return (char*)bigend - 1;
1114 	    return Nullch;
1115 	}
1116 	{
1117 	    /* This should be better than FBM if c1 == c2, and almost
1118 	       as good otherwise: maybe better since we do less indirection.
1119 	       And we save a lot of memory by caching no table. */
1120 	    register unsigned char c1 = little[0];
1121 	    register unsigned char c2 = little[1];
1122 
1123 	    s = big + 1;
1124 	    bigend--;
1125 	    if (c1 != c2) {
1126 		while (s <= bigend) {
1127 		    if (s[0] == c2) {
1128 			if (s[-1] == c1)
1129 			    return (char*)s - 1;
1130 			s += 2;
1131 			continue;
1132 		    }
1133 		  next_chars:
1134 		    if (s[0] == c1) {
1135 			if (s == bigend)
1136 			    goto check_1char_anchor;
1137 			if (s[1] == c2)
1138 			    return (char*)s;
1139 			else {
1140 			    s++;
1141 			    goto next_chars;
1142 			}
1143 		    }
1144 		    else
1145 			s += 2;
1146 		}
1147 		goto check_1char_anchor;
1148 	    }
1149 	    /* Now c1 == c2 */
1150 	    while (s <= bigend) {
1151 		if (s[0] == c1) {
1152 		    if (s[-1] == c1)
1153 			return (char*)s - 1;
1154 		    if (s == bigend)
1155 			goto check_1char_anchor;
1156 		    if (s[1] == c1)
1157 			return (char*)s;
1158 		    s += 3;
1159 		}
1160 		else
1161 		    s += 2;
1162 	    }
1163 	}
1164       check_1char_anchor:		/* One char and anchor! */
1165 	if (SvTAIL(littlestr) && (*bigend == *little))
1166 	    return (char *)bigend;	/* bigend is already decremented. */
1167 	return Nullch;
1168     }
1169     if (SvTAIL(littlestr) && !multiline) {	/* tail anchored? */
1170 	s = bigend - littlelen;
1171 	if (s >= big && bigend[-1] == '\n' && *s == *little
1172 	    /* Automatically of length > 2 */
1173 	    && memEQ((char*)s + 1, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
1174 	{
1175 	    return (char*)s;		/* how sweet it is */
1176 	}
1177 	if (s[1] == *little
1178 	    && memEQ((char*)s + 2, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
1179 	{
1180 	    return (char*)s + 1;	/* how sweet it is */
1181 	}
1182 	return Nullch;
1183     }
1184     if (SvTYPE(littlestr) != SVt_PVBM || !SvVALID(littlestr)) {
1185 	char *b = ninstr((char*)big,(char*)bigend,
1186 			 (char*)little, (char*)little + littlelen);
1187 
1188 	if (!b && SvTAIL(littlestr)) {	/* Automatically multiline!  */
1189 	    /* Chop \n from littlestr: */
1190 	    s = bigend - littlelen + 1;
1191 	    if (*s == *little
1192 		&& memEQ((char*)s + 1, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
1193 	    {
1194 		return (char*)s;
1195 	    }
1196 	    return Nullch;
1197 	}
1198 	return b;
1199     }
1200 
1201     {	/* Do actual FBM.  */
1202 	register unsigned char *table = little + littlelen + FBM_TABLE_OFFSET;
1203 	register unsigned char *oldlittle;
1204 
1205 	if (littlelen > bigend - big)
1206 	    return Nullch;
1207 	--littlelen;			/* Last char found by table lookup */
1208 
1209 	s = big + littlelen;
1210 	little += littlelen;		/* last char */
1211 	oldlittle = little;
1212 	if (s < bigend) {
1213 	    register I32 tmp;
1214 
1215 	  top2:
1216 	    /*SUPPRESS 560*/
1217 	    if ((tmp = table[*s])) {
1218 #ifdef POINTERRIGOR
1219 		if (bigend - s > tmp) {
1220 		    s += tmp;
1221 		    goto top2;
1222 		}
1223 		s += tmp;
1224 #else
1225 		if ((s += tmp) < bigend)
1226 		    goto top2;
1227 #endif
1228 		goto check_end;
1229 	    }
1230 	    else {		/* less expensive than calling strncmp() */
1231 		register unsigned char *olds = s;
1232 
1233 		tmp = littlelen;
1234 
1235 		while (tmp--) {
1236 		    if (*--s == *--little)
1237 			continue;
1238 		    s = olds + 1;	/* here we pay the price for failure */
1239 		    little = oldlittle;
1240 		    if (s < bigend)	/* fake up continue to outer loop */
1241 			goto top2;
1242 		    goto check_end;
1243 		}
1244 		return (char *)s;
1245 	    }
1246 	}
1247       check_end:
1248 	if ( s == bigend && (table[-1] & FBMcf_TAIL)
1249 	     && memEQ(bigend - littlelen, oldlittle - littlelen, littlelen) )
1250 	    return (char*)bigend - littlelen;
1251 	return Nullch;
1252     }
1253 }
1254 
1255 /* start_shift, end_shift are positive quantities which give offsets
1256    of ends of some substring of bigstr.
1257    If `last' we want the last occurence.
1258    old_posp is the way of communication between consequent calls if
1259    the next call needs to find the .
1260    The initial *old_posp should be -1.
1261 
1262    Note that we take into account SvTAIL, so one can get extra
1263    optimizations if _ALL flag is set.
1264  */
1265 
1266 /* If SvTAIL is actually due to \Z or \z, this gives false positives
1267    if PL_multiline.  In fact if !PL_multiline the autoritative answer
1268    is not supported yet. */
1269 
1270 char *
1271 Perl_screaminstr(pTHX_ SV *bigstr, SV *littlestr, I32 start_shift, I32 end_shift, I32 *old_posp, I32 last)
1272 {
1273     register unsigned char *s, *x;
1274     register unsigned char *big;
1275     register I32 pos;
1276     register I32 previous;
1277     register I32 first;
1278     register unsigned char *little;
1279     register I32 stop_pos;
1280     register unsigned char *littleend;
1281     I32 found = 0;
1282 
1283     if (*old_posp == -1
1284 	? (pos = PL_screamfirst[BmRARE(littlestr)]) < 0
1285 	: (((pos = *old_posp), pos += PL_screamnext[pos]) == 0)) {
1286       cant_find:
1287 	if ( BmRARE(littlestr) == '\n'
1288 	     && BmPREVIOUS(littlestr) == SvCUR(littlestr) - 1) {
1289 	    little = (unsigned char *)(SvPVX(littlestr));
1290 	    littleend = little + SvCUR(littlestr);
1291 	    first = *little++;
1292 	    goto check_tail;
1293 	}
1294 	return Nullch;
1295     }
1296 
1297     little = (unsigned char *)(SvPVX(littlestr));
1298     littleend = little + SvCUR(littlestr);
1299     first = *little++;
1300     /* The value of pos we can start at: */
1301     previous = BmPREVIOUS(littlestr);
1302     big = (unsigned char *)(SvPVX(bigstr));
1303     /* The value of pos we can stop at: */
1304     stop_pos = SvCUR(bigstr) - end_shift - (SvCUR(littlestr) - 1 - previous);
1305     if (previous + start_shift > stop_pos) {
1306 	if (previous + start_shift == stop_pos + 1) /* A fake '\n'? */
1307 	    goto check_tail;
1308 	return Nullch;
1309     }
1310     while (pos < previous + start_shift) {
1311 	if (!(pos += PL_screamnext[pos]))
1312 	    goto cant_find;
1313     }
1314 #ifdef POINTERRIGOR
1315     do {
1316 	if (pos >= stop_pos) break;
1317 	if (big[pos-previous] != first)
1318 	    continue;
1319 	for (x=big+pos+1-previous,s=little; s < littleend; /**/ ) {
1320 	    if (*s++ != *x++) {
1321 		s--;
1322 		break;
1323 	    }
1324 	}
1325 	if (s == littleend) {
1326 	    *old_posp = pos;
1327 	    if (!last) return (char *)(big+pos-previous);
1328 	    found = 1;
1329 	}
1330     } while ( pos += PL_screamnext[pos] );
1331     return (last && found) ? (char *)(big+(*old_posp)-previous) : Nullch;
1332 #else /* !POINTERRIGOR */
1333     big -= previous;
1334     do {
1335 	if (pos >= stop_pos) break;
1336 	if (big[pos] != first)
1337 	    continue;
1338 	for (x=big+pos+1,s=little; s < littleend; /**/ ) {
1339 	    if (*s++ != *x++) {
1340 		s--;
1341 		break;
1342 	    }
1343 	}
1344 	if (s == littleend) {
1345 	    *old_posp = pos;
1346 	    if (!last) return (char *)(big+pos);
1347 	    found = 1;
1348 	}
1349     } while ( pos += PL_screamnext[pos] );
1350     if (last && found)
1351 	return (char *)(big+(*old_posp));
1352 #endif /* POINTERRIGOR */
1353   check_tail:
1354     if (!SvTAIL(littlestr) || (end_shift > 0))
1355 	return Nullch;
1356     /* Ignore the trailing "\n".  This code is not microoptimized */
1357     big = (unsigned char *)(SvPVX(bigstr) + SvCUR(bigstr));
1358     stop_pos = littleend - little;	/* Actual littlestr len */
1359     if (stop_pos == 0)
1360 	return (char*)big;
1361     big -= stop_pos;
1362     if (*big == first
1363 	&& ((stop_pos == 1) || memEQ(big + 1, little, stop_pos - 1)))
1364 	return (char*)big;
1365     return Nullch;
1366 }
1367 
1368 I32
1369 Perl_ibcmp(pTHX_ const char *s1, const char *s2, register I32 len)
1370 {
1371     register U8 *a = (U8 *)s1;
1372     register U8 *b = (U8 *)s2;
1373     while (len--) {
1374 	if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold[*b])
1375 	    return 1;
1376 	a++,b++;
1377     }
1378     return 0;
1379 }
1380 
1381 I32
1382 Perl_ibcmp_locale(pTHX_ const char *s1, const char *s2, register I32 len)
1383 {
1384     register U8 *a = (U8 *)s1;
1385     register U8 *b = (U8 *)s2;
1386     while (len--) {
1387 	if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold_locale[*b])
1388 	    return 1;
1389 	a++,b++;
1390     }
1391     return 0;
1392 }
1393 
1394 /* copy a string to a safe spot */
1395 
1396 /*
1397 =for apidoc savepv
1398 
1399 Copy a string to a safe spot.  This does not use an SV.
1400 
1401 =cut
1402 */
1403 
1404 char *
1405 Perl_savepv(pTHX_ const char *sv)
1406 {
1407     register char *newaddr;
1408 
1409     New(902,newaddr,strlen(sv)+1,char);
1410     (void)strcpy(newaddr,sv);
1411     return newaddr;
1412 }
1413 
1414 /* same thing but with a known length */
1415 
1416 /*
1417 =for apidoc savepvn
1418 
1419 Copy a string to a safe spot.  The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
1420 copy.  This does not use an SV.
1421 
1422 =cut
1423 */
1424 
1425 char *
1426 Perl_savepvn(pTHX_ const char *sv, register I32 len)
1427 {
1428     register char *newaddr;
1429 
1430     New(903,newaddr,len+1,char);
1431     Copy(sv,newaddr,len,char);		/* might not be null terminated */
1432     newaddr[len] = '\0';		/* is now */
1433     return newaddr;
1434 }
1435 
1436 /* the SV for Perl_form() and mess() is not kept in an arena */
1437 
1438 STATIC SV *
1439 S_mess_alloc(pTHX)
1440 {
1441     SV *sv;
1442     XPVMG *any;
1443 
1444     if (!PL_dirty)
1445 	return sv_2mortal(newSVpvn("",0));
1446 
1447     if (PL_mess_sv)
1448 	return PL_mess_sv;
1449 
1450     /* Create as PVMG now, to avoid any upgrading later */
1451     New(905, sv, 1, SV);
1452     Newz(905, any, 1, XPVMG);
1453     SvFLAGS(sv) = SVt_PVMG;
1454     SvANY(sv) = (void*)any;
1455     SvREFCNT(sv) = 1 << 30; /* practically infinite */
1456     PL_mess_sv = sv;
1457     return sv;
1458 }
1459 
1460 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1461 char *
1462 Perl_form_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1463 {
1464     dTHX;
1465     char *retval;
1466     va_list args;
1467     va_start(args, pat);
1468     retval = vform(pat, &args);
1469     va_end(args);
1470     return retval;
1471 }
1472 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1473 
1474 char *
1475 Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1476 {
1477     char *retval;
1478     va_list args;
1479     va_start(args, pat);
1480     retval = vform(pat, &args);
1481     va_end(args);
1482     return retval;
1483 }
1484 
1485 char *
1486 Perl_vform(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1487 {
1488     SV *sv = mess_alloc();
1489     sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, Null(SV**), 0, Null(bool*));
1490     return SvPVX(sv);
1491 }
1492 
1493 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1494 SV *
1495 Perl_mess_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1496 {
1497     dTHX;
1498     SV *retval;
1499     va_list args;
1500     va_start(args, pat);
1501     retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1502     va_end(args);
1503     return retval;
1504 }
1505 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1506 
1507 SV *
1508 Perl_mess(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1509 {
1510     SV *retval;
1511     va_list args;
1512     va_start(args, pat);
1513     retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1514     va_end(args);
1515     return retval;
1516 }
1517 
1518 SV *
1519 Perl_vmess(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1520 {
1521     SV *sv = mess_alloc();
1522     static char dgd[] = " during global destruction.\n";
1523 
1524     sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, Null(SV**), 0, Null(bool*));
1525     if (!SvCUR(sv) || *(SvEND(sv) - 1) != '\n') {
1526 	if (CopLINE(PL_curcop))
1527 	    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " at %s line %"IVdf,
1528 			   CopFILE(PL_curcop), (IV)CopLINE(PL_curcop));
1529 	if (GvIO(PL_last_in_gv) && IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv))) {
1530 	    bool line_mode = (RsSIMPLE(PL_rs) &&
1531 			      SvCUR(PL_rs) == 1 && *SvPVX(PL_rs) == '\n');
1532 	    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, ", <%s> %s %"IVdf,
1533 		      PL_last_in_gv == PL_argvgv ? "" : GvNAME(PL_last_in_gv),
1534 		      line_mode ? "line" : "chunk",
1535 		      (IV)IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)));
1536 	}
1537 #ifdef USE_THREADS
1538 	if (thr->tid)
1539 	    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " thread %ld", thr->tid);
1540 #endif
1541 	sv_catpv(sv, PL_dirty ? dgd : ".\n");
1542     }
1543     return sv;
1544 }
1545 
1546 OP *
1547 Perl_vdie(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1548 {
1549     char *message;
1550     int was_in_eval = PL_in_eval;
1551     HV *stash;
1552     GV *gv;
1553     CV *cv;
1554     SV *msv;
1555     STRLEN msglen;
1556 
1557     DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1558 			  "%p: die: curstack = %p, mainstack = %p\n",
1559 			  thr, PL_curstack, PL_mainstack));
1560 
1561     if (pat) {
1562 	msv = vmess(pat, args);
1563 	if (PL_errors && SvCUR(PL_errors)) {
1564 	    sv_catsv(PL_errors, msv);
1565 	    message = SvPV(PL_errors, msglen);
1566 	    SvCUR_set(PL_errors, 0);
1567 	}
1568 	else
1569 	    message = SvPV(msv,msglen);
1570     }
1571     else {
1572 	message = Nullch;
1573 	msglen = 0;
1574     }
1575 
1576     DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1577 			  "%p: die: message = %s\ndiehook = %p\n",
1578 			  thr, message, PL_diehook));
1579     if (PL_diehook) {
1580 	/* sv_2cv might call Perl_croak() */
1581 	SV *olddiehook = PL_diehook;
1582 	ENTER;
1583 	SAVESPTR(PL_diehook);
1584 	PL_diehook = Nullsv;
1585 	cv = sv_2cv(olddiehook, &stash, &gv, 0);
1586 	LEAVE;
1587 	if (cv && !CvDEPTH(cv) && (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv))) {
1588 	    dSP;
1589 	    SV *msg;
1590 
1591 	    ENTER;
1592 	    save_re_context();
1593 	    if (message) {
1594 		msg = newSVpvn(message, msglen);
1595 		SvREADONLY_on(msg);
1596 		SAVEFREESV(msg);
1597 	    }
1598 	    else {
1599 		msg = ERRSV;
1600 	    }
1601 
1602 	    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_DIEHOOK);
1603 	    PUSHMARK(SP);
1604 	    XPUSHs(msg);
1605 	    PUTBACK;
1606 	    call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
1607 	    POPSTACK;
1608 	    LEAVE;
1609 	}
1610     }
1611 
1612     PL_restartop = die_where(message, msglen);
1613     DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1614 	  "%p: die: restartop = %p, was_in_eval = %d, top_env = %p\n",
1615 	  thr, PL_restartop, was_in_eval, PL_top_env));
1616     if ((!PL_restartop && was_in_eval) || PL_top_env->je_prev)
1617 	JMPENV_JUMP(3);
1618     return PL_restartop;
1619 }
1620 
1621 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1622 OP *
1623 Perl_die_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1624 {
1625     dTHX;
1626     OP *o;
1627     va_list args;
1628     va_start(args, pat);
1629     o = vdie(pat, &args);
1630     va_end(args);
1631     return o;
1632 }
1633 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1634 
1635 OP *
1636 Perl_die(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1637 {
1638     OP *o;
1639     va_list args;
1640     va_start(args, pat);
1641     o = vdie(pat, &args);
1642     va_end(args);
1643     return o;
1644 }
1645 
1646 void
1647 Perl_vcroak(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1648 {
1649     char *message;
1650     HV *stash;
1651     GV *gv;
1652     CV *cv;
1653     SV *msv;
1654     STRLEN msglen;
1655 
1656     if (pat) {
1657 	msv = vmess(pat, args);
1658 	if (PL_errors && SvCUR(PL_errors)) {
1659 	    sv_catsv(PL_errors, msv);
1660 	    message = SvPV(PL_errors, msglen);
1661 	    SvCUR_set(PL_errors, 0);
1662 	}
1663 	else
1664 	    message = SvPV(msv,msglen);
1665     }
1666     else {
1667 	message = Nullch;
1668 	msglen = 0;
1669     }
1670 
1671     DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "croak: 0x%"UVxf" %s",
1672 			  PTR2UV(thr), message));
1673 
1674     if (PL_diehook) {
1675 	/* sv_2cv might call Perl_croak() */
1676 	SV *olddiehook = PL_diehook;
1677 	ENTER;
1678 	SAVESPTR(PL_diehook);
1679 	PL_diehook = Nullsv;
1680 	cv = sv_2cv(olddiehook, &stash, &gv, 0);
1681 	LEAVE;
1682 	if (cv && !CvDEPTH(cv) && (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv))) {
1683 	    dSP;
1684 	    SV *msg;
1685 
1686 	    ENTER;
1687 	    save_re_context();
1688 	    if (message) {
1689 		msg = newSVpvn(message, msglen);
1690 		SvREADONLY_on(msg);
1691 		SAVEFREESV(msg);
1692 	    }
1693 	    else {
1694 		msg = ERRSV;
1695 	    }
1696 
1697 	    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_DIEHOOK);
1698 	    PUSHMARK(SP);
1699 	    XPUSHs(msg);
1700 	    PUTBACK;
1701 	    call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
1702 	    POPSTACK;
1703 	    LEAVE;
1704 	}
1705     }
1706     if (PL_in_eval) {
1707 	PL_restartop = die_where(message, msglen);
1708 	JMPENV_JUMP(3);
1709     }
1710     {
1711 #ifdef USE_SFIO
1712 	/* SFIO can really mess with your errno */
1713 	int e = errno;
1714 #endif
1715 	PerlIO *serr = Perl_error_log;
1716 
1717 	PerlIO_write(serr, message, msglen);
1718 	(void)PerlIO_flush(serr);
1719 #ifdef USE_SFIO
1720 	errno = e;
1721 #endif
1722     }
1723     my_failure_exit();
1724 }
1725 
1726 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1727 void
1728 Perl_croak_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1729 {
1730     dTHX;
1731     va_list args;
1732     va_start(args, pat);
1733     vcroak(pat, &args);
1734     /* NOTREACHED */
1735     va_end(args);
1736 }
1737 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1738 
1739 /*
1740 =for apidoc croak
1741 
1742 This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1743 Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
1744 function.  See C<warn>.
1745 
1746 If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
1747 C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
1748 
1749    errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
1750    sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
1751    croak(Nullch);
1752 
1753 =cut
1754 */
1755 
1756 void
1757 Perl_croak(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1758 {
1759     va_list args;
1760     va_start(args, pat);
1761     vcroak(pat, &args);
1762     /* NOTREACHED */
1763     va_end(args);
1764 }
1765 
1766 void
1767 Perl_vwarn(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1768 {
1769     char *message;
1770     HV *stash;
1771     GV *gv;
1772     CV *cv;
1773     SV *msv;
1774     STRLEN msglen;
1775 
1776     msv = vmess(pat, args);
1777     message = SvPV(msv, msglen);
1778 
1779     if (PL_warnhook) {
1780 	/* sv_2cv might call Perl_warn() */
1781 	SV *oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
1782 	ENTER;
1783 	SAVESPTR(PL_warnhook);
1784 	PL_warnhook = Nullsv;
1785 	cv = sv_2cv(oldwarnhook, &stash, &gv, 0);
1786 	LEAVE;
1787 	if (cv && !CvDEPTH(cv) && (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv))) {
1788 	    dSP;
1789 	    SV *msg;
1790 
1791 	    ENTER;
1792 	    save_re_context();
1793 	    msg = newSVpvn(message, msglen);
1794 	    SvREADONLY_on(msg);
1795 	    SAVEFREESV(msg);
1796 
1797 	    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_WARNHOOK);
1798 	    PUSHMARK(SP);
1799 	    XPUSHs(msg);
1800 	    PUTBACK;
1801 	    call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
1802 	    POPSTACK;
1803 	    LEAVE;
1804 	    return;
1805 	}
1806     }
1807     {
1808 	PerlIO *serr = Perl_error_log;
1809 
1810 	PerlIO_write(serr, message, msglen);
1811 #ifdef LEAKTEST
1812 	DEBUG_L(*message == '!'
1813 		? (xstat(message[1]=='!'
1814 			 ? (message[2]=='!' ? 2 : 1)
1815 			 : 0)
1816 		   , 0)
1817 		: 0);
1818 #endif
1819 	(void)PerlIO_flush(serr);
1820     }
1821 }
1822 
1823 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1824 void
1825 Perl_warn_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1826 {
1827     dTHX;
1828     va_list args;
1829     va_start(args, pat);
1830     vwarn(pat, &args);
1831     va_end(args);
1832 }
1833 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1834 
1835 /*
1836 =for apidoc warn
1837 
1838 This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function.  Use this
1839 function the same way you use the C C<printf> function.  See
1840 C<croak>.
1841 
1842 =cut
1843 */
1844 
1845 void
1846 Perl_warn(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1847 {
1848     va_list args;
1849     va_start(args, pat);
1850     vwarn(pat, &args);
1851     va_end(args);
1852 }
1853 
1854 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1855 void
1856 Perl_warner_nocontext(U32 err, const char *pat, ...)
1857 {
1858     dTHX;
1859     va_list args;
1860     va_start(args, pat);
1861     vwarner(err, pat, &args);
1862     va_end(args);
1863 }
1864 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1865 
1866 void
1867 Perl_warner(pTHX_ U32  err, const char* pat,...)
1868 {
1869     va_list args;
1870     va_start(args, pat);
1871     vwarner(err, pat, &args);
1872     va_end(args);
1873 }
1874 
1875 void
1876 Perl_vwarner(pTHX_ U32  err, const char* pat, va_list* args)
1877 {
1878     char *message;
1879     HV *stash;
1880     GV *gv;
1881     CV *cv;
1882     SV *msv;
1883     STRLEN msglen;
1884 
1885     msv = vmess(pat, args);
1886     message = SvPV(msv, msglen);
1887 
1888     if (ckDEAD(err)) {
1889 #ifdef USE_THREADS
1890         DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "croak: 0x%"UVxf" %s", PTR2UV(thr), message));
1891 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
1892         if (PL_diehook) {
1893             /* sv_2cv might call Perl_croak() */
1894             SV *olddiehook = PL_diehook;
1895             ENTER;
1896             SAVESPTR(PL_diehook);
1897             PL_diehook = Nullsv;
1898             cv = sv_2cv(olddiehook, &stash, &gv, 0);
1899             LEAVE;
1900             if (cv && !CvDEPTH(cv) && (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv))) {
1901                 dSP;
1902                 SV *msg;
1903 
1904                 ENTER;
1905 		save_re_context();
1906                 msg = newSVpvn(message, msglen);
1907                 SvREADONLY_on(msg);
1908                 SAVEFREESV(msg);
1909 
1910 		PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_DIEHOOK);
1911                 PUSHMARK(sp);
1912                 XPUSHs(msg);
1913                 PUTBACK;
1914                 call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
1915 		POPSTACK;
1916                 LEAVE;
1917             }
1918         }
1919         if (PL_in_eval) {
1920             PL_restartop = die_where(message, msglen);
1921             JMPENV_JUMP(3);
1922         }
1923 	{
1924 	    PerlIO *serr = Perl_error_log;
1925 	    PerlIO_write(serr, message, msglen);
1926 	    (void)PerlIO_flush(serr);
1927 	}
1928         my_failure_exit();
1929 
1930     }
1931     else {
1932         if (PL_warnhook) {
1933             /* sv_2cv might call Perl_warn() */
1934             SV *oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
1935             ENTER;
1936             SAVESPTR(PL_warnhook);
1937             PL_warnhook = Nullsv;
1938             cv = sv_2cv(oldwarnhook, &stash, &gv, 0);
1939 	    LEAVE;
1940             if (cv && !CvDEPTH(cv) && (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv))) {
1941                 dSP;
1942                 SV *msg;
1943 
1944                 ENTER;
1945 		save_re_context();
1946                 msg = newSVpvn(message, msglen);
1947                 SvREADONLY_on(msg);
1948                 SAVEFREESV(msg);
1949 
1950 		PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_WARNHOOK);
1951                 PUSHMARK(sp);
1952                 XPUSHs(msg);
1953                 PUTBACK;
1954                 call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
1955 		POPSTACK;
1956                 LEAVE;
1957                 return;
1958             }
1959         }
1960 	{
1961 	    PerlIO *serr = Perl_error_log;
1962 	    PerlIO_write(serr, message, msglen);
1963 #ifdef LEAKTEST
1964 	    DEBUG_L(*message == '!'
1965 		? (xstat(message[1]=='!'
1966 			 ? (message[2]=='!' ? 2 : 1)
1967 			 : 0)
1968 		   , 0)
1969 		: 0);
1970 #endif
1971 	    (void)PerlIO_flush(serr);
1972 	}
1973     }
1974 }
1975 
1976 #ifdef USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY
1977        /* VMS' and EPOC's my_setenv() is in vms.c and epoc.c */
1978 #if !defined(WIN32)
1979 void
1980 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ char *nam, char *val)
1981 {
1982 #ifndef PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
1983     /* most putenv()s leak, so we manipulate environ directly */
1984     register I32 i=setenv_getix(nam);		/* where does it go? */
1985 
1986     if (environ == PL_origenviron) {	/* need we copy environment? */
1987 	I32 j;
1988 	I32 max;
1989 	char **tmpenv;
1990 
1991 	/*SUPPRESS 530*/
1992 	for (max = i; environ[max]; max++) ;
1993 	tmpenv = (char**)safesysmalloc((max+2) * sizeof(char*));
1994 	for (j=0; j<max; j++) {		/* copy environment */
1995 	    tmpenv[j] = (char*)safesysmalloc((strlen(environ[j])+1)*sizeof(char));
1996 	    strcpy(tmpenv[j], environ[j]);
1997 	}
1998 	tmpenv[max] = Nullch;
1999 	environ = tmpenv;		/* tell exec where it is now */
2000     }
2001     if (!val) {
2002 	safesysfree(environ[i]);
2003 	while (environ[i]) {
2004 	    environ[i] = environ[i+1];
2005 	    i++;
2006 	}
2007 	return;
2008     }
2009     if (!environ[i]) {			/* does not exist yet */
2010 	environ = (char**)safesysrealloc(environ, (i+2) * sizeof(char*));
2011 	environ[i+1] = Nullch;	/* make sure it's null terminated */
2012     }
2013     else
2014 	safesysfree(environ[i]);
2015     environ[i] = (char*)safesysmalloc((strlen(nam)+strlen(val)+2) * sizeof(char));
2016 
2017     (void)sprintf(environ[i],"%s=%s",nam,val);/* all that work just for this */
2018 
2019 #else   /* PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV */
2020 #   if defined(__CYGWIN__)
2021     setenv(nam, val, 1);
2022 #   else
2023     char *new_env;
2024 
2025     new_env = (char*)safesysmalloc((strlen(nam) + strlen(val) + 2) * sizeof(char));
2026     (void)sprintf(new_env,"%s=%s",nam,val);/* all that work just for this */
2027     (void)putenv(new_env);
2028 #   endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
2029 #endif  /* PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV */
2030 }
2031 
2032 #else /* WIN32 */
2033 
2034 void
2035 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ char *nam,char *val)
2036 {
2037     register char *envstr;
2038     STRLEN len = strlen(nam) + 3;
2039     if (!val) {
2040 	val = "";
2041     }
2042     len += strlen(val);
2043     New(904, envstr, len, char);
2044     (void)sprintf(envstr,"%s=%s",nam,val);
2045     (void)PerlEnv_putenv(envstr);
2046     Safefree(envstr);
2047 }
2048 
2049 #endif /* WIN32 */
2050 
2051 I32
2052 Perl_setenv_getix(pTHX_ char *nam)
2053 {
2054     register I32 i, len = strlen(nam);
2055 
2056     for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
2057 	if (
2058 #ifdef WIN32
2059 	    strnicmp(environ[i],nam,len) == 0
2060 #else
2061 	    strnEQ(environ[i],nam,len)
2062 #endif
2063 	    && environ[i][len] == '=')
2064 	    break;			/* strnEQ must come first to avoid */
2065     }					/* potential SEGV's */
2066     return i;
2067 }
2068 
2069 #endif /* !VMS && !EPOC*/
2070 
2071 #ifdef UNLINK_ALL_VERSIONS
2072 I32
2073 Perl_unlnk(pTHX_ char *f)	/* unlink all versions of a file */
2074 {
2075     I32 i;
2076 
2077     for (i = 0; PerlLIO_unlink(f) >= 0; i++) ;
2078     return i ? 0 : -1;
2079 }
2080 #endif
2081 
2082 /* this is a drop-in replacement for bcopy() */
2083 #if !defined(HAS_BCOPY) || !defined(HAS_SAFE_BCOPY)
2084 char *
2085 Perl_my_bcopy(register const char *from,register char *to,register I32 len)
2086 {
2087     char *retval = to;
2088 
2089     if (from - to >= 0) {
2090 	while (len--)
2091 	    *to++ = *from++;
2092     }
2093     else {
2094 	to += len;
2095 	from += len;
2096 	while (len--)
2097 	    *(--to) = *(--from);
2098     }
2099     return retval;
2100 }
2101 #endif
2102 
2103 /* this is a drop-in replacement for memset() */
2104 #ifndef HAS_MEMSET
2105 void *
2106 Perl_my_memset(register char *loc, register I32 ch, register I32 len)
2107 {
2108     char *retval = loc;
2109 
2110     while (len--)
2111 	*loc++ = ch;
2112     return retval;
2113 }
2114 #endif
2115 
2116 /* this is a drop-in replacement for bzero() */
2117 #if !defined(HAS_BZERO) && !defined(HAS_MEMSET)
2118 char *
2119 Perl_my_bzero(register char *loc, register I32 len)
2120 {
2121     char *retval = loc;
2122 
2123     while (len--)
2124 	*loc++ = 0;
2125     return retval;
2126 }
2127 #endif
2128 
2129 /* this is a drop-in replacement for memcmp() */
2130 #if !defined(HAS_MEMCMP) || !defined(HAS_SANE_MEMCMP)
2131 I32
2132 Perl_my_memcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, register I32 len)
2133 {
2134     register U8 *a = (U8 *)s1;
2135     register U8 *b = (U8 *)s2;
2136     register I32 tmp;
2137 
2138     while (len--) {
2139 	if (tmp = *a++ - *b++)
2140 	    return tmp;
2141     }
2142     return 0;
2143 }
2144 #endif /* !HAS_MEMCMP || !HAS_SANE_MEMCMP */
2145 
2146 #ifndef HAS_VPRINTF
2147 
2148 #ifdef USE_CHAR_VSPRINTF
2149 char *
2150 #else
2151 int
2152 #endif
2153 vsprintf(char *dest, const char *pat, char *args)
2154 {
2155     FILE fakebuf;
2156 
2157     fakebuf._ptr = dest;
2158     fakebuf._cnt = 32767;
2159 #ifndef _IOSTRG
2160 #define _IOSTRG 0
2161 #endif
2162     fakebuf._flag = _IOWRT|_IOSTRG;
2163     _doprnt(pat, args, &fakebuf);	/* what a kludge */
2164     (void)putc('\0', &fakebuf);
2165 #ifdef USE_CHAR_VSPRINTF
2166     return(dest);
2167 #else
2168     return 0;		/* perl doesn't use return value */
2169 #endif
2170 }
2171 
2172 #endif /* HAS_VPRINTF */
2173 
2174 #ifdef MYSWAP
2175 #if BYTEORDER != 0x4321
2176 short
2177 Perl_my_swap(pTHX_ short s)
2178 {
2179 #if (BYTEORDER & 1) == 0
2180     short result;
2181 
2182     result = ((s & 255) << 8) + ((s >> 8) & 255);
2183     return result;
2184 #else
2185     return s;
2186 #endif
2187 }
2188 
2189 long
2190 Perl_my_htonl(pTHX_ long l)
2191 {
2192     union {
2193 	long result;
2194 	char c[sizeof(long)];
2195     } u;
2196 
2197 #if BYTEORDER == 0x1234
2198     u.c[0] = (l >> 24) & 255;
2199     u.c[1] = (l >> 16) & 255;
2200     u.c[2] = (l >> 8) & 255;
2201     u.c[3] = l & 255;
2202     return u.result;
2203 #else
2204 #if ((BYTEORDER - 0x1111) & 0x444) || !(BYTEORDER & 0xf)
2205     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown BYTEORDER\n");
2206 #else
2207     register I32 o;
2208     register I32 s;
2209 
2210     for (o = BYTEORDER - 0x1111, s = 0; s < (sizeof(long)*8); o >>= 4, s += 8) {
2211 	u.c[o & 0xf] = (l >> s) & 255;
2212     }
2213     return u.result;
2214 #endif
2215 #endif
2216 }
2217 
2218 long
2219 Perl_my_ntohl(pTHX_ long l)
2220 {
2221     union {
2222 	long l;
2223 	char c[sizeof(long)];
2224     } u;
2225 
2226 #if BYTEORDER == 0x1234
2227     u.c[0] = (l >> 24) & 255;
2228     u.c[1] = (l >> 16) & 255;
2229     u.c[2] = (l >> 8) & 255;
2230     u.c[3] = l & 255;
2231     return u.l;
2232 #else
2233 #if ((BYTEORDER - 0x1111) & 0x444) || !(BYTEORDER & 0xf)
2234     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown BYTEORDER\n");
2235 #else
2236     register I32 o;
2237     register I32 s;
2238 
2239     u.l = l;
2240     l = 0;
2241     for (o = BYTEORDER - 0x1111, s = 0; s < (sizeof(long)*8); o >>= 4, s += 8) {
2242 	l |= (u.c[o & 0xf] & 255) << s;
2243     }
2244     return l;
2245 #endif
2246 #endif
2247 }
2248 
2249 #endif /* BYTEORDER != 0x4321 */
2250 #endif /* MYSWAP */
2251 
2252 /*
2253  * Little-endian byte order functions - 'v' for 'VAX', or 'reVerse'.
2254  * If these functions are defined,
2255  * the BYTEORDER is neither 0x1234 nor 0x4321.
2256  * However, this is not assumed.
2257  * -DWS
2258  */
2259 
2260 #define HTOV(name,type)						\
2261 	type							\
2262 	name (register type n)					\
2263 	{							\
2264 	    union {						\
2265 		type value;					\
2266 		char c[sizeof(type)];				\
2267 	    } u;						\
2268 	    register I32 i;					\
2269 	    register I32 s;					\
2270 	    for (i = 0, s = 0; i < sizeof(u.c); i++, s += 8) {	\
2271 		u.c[i] = (n >> s) & 0xFF;			\
2272 	    }							\
2273 	    return u.value;					\
2274 	}
2275 
2276 #define VTOH(name,type)						\
2277 	type							\
2278 	name (register type n)					\
2279 	{							\
2280 	    union {						\
2281 		type value;					\
2282 		char c[sizeof(type)];				\
2283 	    } u;						\
2284 	    register I32 i;					\
2285 	    register I32 s;					\
2286 	    u.value = n;					\
2287 	    n = 0;						\
2288 	    for (i = 0, s = 0; i < sizeof(u.c); i++, s += 8) {	\
2289 		n += (u.c[i] & 0xFF) << s;			\
2290 	    }							\
2291 	    return n;						\
2292 	}
2293 
2294 #if defined(HAS_HTOVS) && !defined(htovs)
2295 HTOV(htovs,short)
2296 #endif
2297 #if defined(HAS_HTOVL) && !defined(htovl)
2298 HTOV(htovl,long)
2299 #endif
2300 #if defined(HAS_VTOHS) && !defined(vtohs)
2301 VTOH(vtohs,short)
2302 #endif
2303 #if defined(HAS_VTOHL) && !defined(vtohl)
2304 VTOH(vtohl,long)
2305 #endif
2306 
2307     /* VMS' my_popen() is in VMS.c, same with OS/2. */
2308 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK) || defined(AMIGAOS)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__OPEN_VM) && !defined(EPOC) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
2309 PerlIO *
2310 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ char *cmd, char *mode)
2311 {
2312     int p[2];
2313     register I32 This, that;
2314     register Pid_t pid;
2315     SV *sv;
2316     I32 doexec = strNE(cmd,"-");
2317     I32 did_pipes = 0;
2318     int pp[2];
2319 
2320     PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2321 #ifdef OS2
2322     if (doexec) {
2323 	return my_syspopen(aTHX_ cmd,mode);
2324     }
2325 #endif
2326     This = (*mode == 'w');
2327     that = !This;
2328     if (doexec && PL_tainting) {
2329 	taint_env();
2330 	taint_proper("Insecure %s%s", "EXEC");
2331     }
2332     if (PerlProc_pipe(p) < 0)
2333 	return Nullfp;
2334     if (doexec && PerlProc_pipe(pp) >= 0)
2335 	did_pipes = 1;
2336     while ((pid = (doexec?vfork():fork())) < 0) {
2337 	if (errno != EAGAIN) {
2338 	    PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2339 	    if (did_pipes) {
2340 		PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2341 		PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2342 	    }
2343 	    if (!doexec)
2344 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fork");
2345 	    return Nullfp;
2346 	}
2347 	sleep(5);
2348     }
2349     if (pid == 0) {
2350 	GV* tmpgv;
2351 
2352 #undef THIS
2353 #undef THAT
2354 #define THIS that
2355 #define THAT This
2356 	PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]);
2357 	if (did_pipes) {
2358 	    PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2359 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
2360 	    fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
2361 #endif
2362 	}
2363 	if (p[THIS] != (*mode == 'r')) {
2364 	    PerlLIO_dup2(p[THIS], *mode == 'r');
2365 	    PerlLIO_close(p[THIS]);
2366 	}
2367 #ifndef OS2
2368 	if (doexec) {
2369 #if !defined(HAS_FCNTL) || !defined(F_SETFD)
2370 	    int fd;
2371 
2372 #ifndef NOFILE
2373 #define NOFILE 20
2374 #endif
2375 	    for (fd = PL_maxsysfd + 1; fd < NOFILE; fd++)
2376 		if (fd != pp[1])
2377 		    PerlLIO_close(fd);
2378 #endif
2379 	    do_exec3(cmd,pp[1],did_pipes);	/* may or may not use the shell */
2380 	    PerlProc__exit(1);
2381 	}
2382 #endif	/* defined OS2 */
2383 	/*SUPPRESS 560*/
2384 	if ((tmpgv = gv_fetchpv("$",TRUE, SVt_PV)))
2385 	    sv_setiv(GvSV(tmpgv), PerlProc_getpid());
2386 	PL_forkprocess = 0;
2387 	hv_clear(PL_pidstatus);	/* we have no children */
2388 	return Nullfp;
2389 #undef THIS
2390 #undef THAT
2391     }
2392     do_execfree();	/* free any memory malloced by child on vfork */
2393     PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2394     if (did_pipes)
2395 	PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2396     if (p[that] < p[This]) {
2397 	PerlLIO_dup2(p[This], p[that]);
2398 	PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2399 	p[This] = p[that];
2400     }
2401     LOCK_FDPID_MUTEX;
2402     sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,p[This],TRUE);
2403     UNLOCK_FDPID_MUTEX;
2404     (void)SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2405     SvIVX(sv) = pid;
2406     PL_forkprocess = pid;
2407     if (did_pipes && pid > 0) {
2408 	int errkid;
2409 	int n = 0, n1;
2410 
2411 	while (n < sizeof(int)) {
2412 	    n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
2413 			      (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
2414 			      (sizeof(int)) - n);
2415 	    if (n1 <= 0)
2416 		break;
2417 	    n += n1;
2418 	}
2419 	PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2420 	did_pipes = 0;
2421 	if (n) {			/* Error */
2422 	    if (n != sizeof(int))
2423 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read");
2424 	    errno = errkid;		/* Propagate errno from kid */
2425 	    return Nullfp;
2426 	}
2427     }
2428     if (did_pipes)
2429 	 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2430     return PerlIO_fdopen(p[This], mode);
2431 }
2432 #else
2433 #if defined(atarist) || defined(DJGPP)
2434 FILE *popen();
2435 PerlIO *
2436 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ char *cmd, char *mode)
2437 {
2438     /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
2439     /* used 0 for 2nd parameter to PerlIO-exportFILE; apparently not used */
2440     PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2441     return popen(PerlIO_exportFILE(cmd, 0), mode);
2442 }
2443 #endif
2444 
2445 #endif /* !DOSISH */
2446 
2447 #ifdef DUMP_FDS
2448 void
2449 Perl_dump_fds(pTHX_ char *s)
2450 {
2451     int fd;
2452     struct stat tmpstatbuf;
2453 
2454     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"%s", s);
2455     for (fd = 0; fd < 32; fd++) {
2456 	if (PerlLIO_fstat(fd,&tmpstatbuf) >= 0)
2457 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log," %d",fd);
2458     }
2459     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"\n");
2460 }
2461 #endif	/* DUMP_FDS */
2462 
2463 #ifndef HAS_DUP2
2464 int
2465 dup2(int oldfd, int newfd)
2466 {
2467 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_DUPFD)
2468     if (oldfd == newfd)
2469 	return oldfd;
2470     PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2471     return fcntl(oldfd, F_DUPFD, newfd);
2472 #else
2473 #define DUP2_MAX_FDS 256
2474     int fdtmp[DUP2_MAX_FDS];
2475     I32 fdx = 0;
2476     int fd;
2477 
2478     if (oldfd == newfd)
2479 	return oldfd;
2480     PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2481     /* good enough for low fd's... */
2482     while ((fd = PerlLIO_dup(oldfd)) != newfd && fd >= 0) {
2483 	if (fdx >= DUP2_MAX_FDS) {
2484 	    PerlLIO_close(fd);
2485 	    fd = -1;
2486 	    break;
2487 	}
2488 	fdtmp[fdx++] = fd;
2489     }
2490     while (fdx > 0)
2491 	PerlLIO_close(fdtmp[--fdx]);
2492     return fd;
2493 #endif
2494 }
2495 #endif
2496 
2497 
2498 #ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
2499 
2500 Sighandler_t
2501 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2502 {
2503     struct sigaction act, oact;
2504 
2505     act.sa_handler = handler;
2506     sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2507     act.sa_flags = 0;
2508 #ifdef SA_RESTART
2509     act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;	/* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2510 #endif
2511 #ifdef SA_NOCLDWAIT
2512     if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t)SIG_IGN)
2513 	act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2514 #endif
2515     if (sigaction(signo, &act, &oact) == -1)
2516     	return SIG_ERR;
2517     else
2518     	return oact.sa_handler;
2519 }
2520 
2521 Sighandler_t
2522 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2523 {
2524     struct sigaction oact;
2525 
2526     if (sigaction(signo, (struct sigaction *)NULL, &oact) == -1)
2527         return SIG_ERR;
2528     else
2529         return oact.sa_handler;
2530 }
2531 
2532 int
2533 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
2534 {
2535     struct sigaction act;
2536 
2537     act.sa_handler = handler;
2538     sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2539     act.sa_flags = 0;
2540 #ifdef SA_RESTART
2541     act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;	/* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2542 #endif
2543 #ifdef SA_NOCLDWAIT
2544     if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t)SIG_IGN)
2545 	act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2546 #endif
2547     return sigaction(signo, &act, save);
2548 }
2549 
2550 int
2551 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
2552 {
2553     return sigaction(signo, save, (struct sigaction *)NULL);
2554 }
2555 
2556 #else /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
2557 
2558 Sighandler_t
2559 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2560 {
2561     return PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
2562 }
2563 
2564 static int sig_trapped;
2565 
2566 static
2567 Signal_t
2568 sig_trap(int signo)
2569 {
2570     sig_trapped++;
2571 }
2572 
2573 Sighandler_t
2574 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2575 {
2576     Sighandler_t oldsig;
2577 
2578     sig_trapped = 0;
2579     oldsig = PerlProc_signal(signo, sig_trap);
2580     PerlProc_signal(signo, oldsig);
2581     if (sig_trapped)
2582         PerlProc_kill(PerlProc_getpid(), signo);
2583     return oldsig;
2584 }
2585 
2586 int
2587 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
2588 {
2589     *save = PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
2590     return (*save == SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
2591 }
2592 
2593 int
2594 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
2595 {
2596     return (PerlProc_signal(signo, *save) == SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
2597 }
2598 
2599 #endif /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
2600 
2601     /* VMS' my_pclose() is in VMS.c; same with OS/2 */
2602 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK) || defined(AMIGAOS)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__OPEN_VM) && !defined(EPOC) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
2603 I32
2604 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
2605 {
2606     Sigsave_t hstat, istat, qstat;
2607     int status;
2608     SV **svp;
2609     Pid_t pid;
2610     Pid_t pid2;
2611     bool close_failed;
2612     int saved_errno;
2613 #ifdef VMS
2614     int saved_vaxc_errno;
2615 #endif
2616 #ifdef WIN32
2617     int saved_win32_errno;
2618 #endif
2619 
2620     LOCK_FDPID_MUTEX;
2621     svp = av_fetch(PL_fdpid,PerlIO_fileno(ptr),TRUE);
2622     UNLOCK_FDPID_MUTEX;
2623     pid = SvIVX(*svp);
2624     SvREFCNT_dec(*svp);
2625     *svp = &PL_sv_undef;
2626 #ifdef OS2
2627     if (pid == -1) {			/* Opened by popen. */
2628 	return my_syspclose(ptr);
2629     }
2630 #endif
2631     if ((close_failed = (PerlIO_close(ptr) == EOF))) {
2632 	saved_errno = errno;
2633 #ifdef VMS
2634 	saved_vaxc_errno = vaxc$errno;
2635 #endif
2636 #ifdef WIN32
2637 	saved_win32_errno = GetLastError();
2638 #endif
2639     }
2640 #ifdef UTS
2641     if(PerlProc_kill(pid, 0) < 0) { return(pid); }   /* HOM 12/23/91 */
2642 #endif
2643     rsignal_save(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN, &hstat);
2644     rsignal_save(SIGINT, SIG_IGN, &istat);
2645     rsignal_save(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN, &qstat);
2646     do {
2647 	pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2648     } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2649     rsignal_restore(SIGHUP, &hstat);
2650     rsignal_restore(SIGINT, &istat);
2651     rsignal_restore(SIGQUIT, &qstat);
2652     if (close_failed) {
2653 	SETERRNO(saved_errno, saved_vaxc_errno);
2654 	return -1;
2655     }
2656     return(pid2 < 0 ? pid2 : status == 0 ? 0 : (errno = 0, status));
2657 }
2658 #endif /* !DOSISH */
2659 
2660 #if  (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(OS2) || defined(WIN32)) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
2661 I32
2662 Perl_wait4pid(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int *statusp, int flags)
2663 {
2664     SV *sv;
2665     SV** svp;
2666     char spid[TYPE_CHARS(int)];
2667 
2668     if (!pid)
2669 	return -1;
2670 #if !defined(HAS_WAITPID) && !defined(HAS_WAIT4) || defined(HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
2671     if (pid > 0) {
2672 	sprintf(spid, "%"IVdf, (IV)pid);
2673 	svp = hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,spid,strlen(spid),FALSE);
2674 	if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef) {
2675 	    *statusp = SvIVX(*svp);
2676 	    (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,spid,strlen(spid),G_DISCARD);
2677 	    return pid;
2678 	}
2679     }
2680     else {
2681 	HE *entry;
2682 
2683 	hv_iterinit(PL_pidstatus);
2684 	if ((entry = hv_iternext(PL_pidstatus))) {
2685 	    pid = atoi(hv_iterkey(entry,(I32*)statusp));
2686 	    sv = hv_iterval(PL_pidstatus,entry);
2687 	    *statusp = SvIVX(sv);
2688 	    sprintf(spid, "%"IVdf, (IV)pid);
2689 	    (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,spid,strlen(spid),G_DISCARD);
2690 	    return pid;
2691 	}
2692     }
2693 #endif
2694 #ifdef HAS_WAITPID
2695 #  ifdef HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME
2696     if (!HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
2697 	goto hard_way;
2698 #  endif
2699     return PerlProc_waitpid(pid,statusp,flags);
2700 #endif
2701 #if !defined(HAS_WAITPID) && defined(HAS_WAIT4)
2702     return wait4((pid==-1)?0:pid,statusp,flags,Null(struct rusage *));
2703 #endif
2704 #if !defined(HAS_WAITPID) && !defined(HAS_WAIT4) || defined(HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
2705   hard_way:
2706     {
2707 	I32 result;
2708 	if (flags)
2709 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do waitpid with flags");
2710 	else {
2711 	    while ((result = PerlProc_wait(statusp)) != pid && pid > 0 && result >= 0)
2712 		pidgone(result,*statusp);
2713 	    if (result < 0)
2714 		*statusp = -1;
2715 	}
2716 	return result;
2717     }
2718 #endif
2719 }
2720 #endif /* !DOSISH || OS2 || WIN32 */
2721 
2722 void
2723 /*SUPPRESS 590*/
2724 Perl_pidgone(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int status)
2725 {
2726     register SV *sv;
2727     char spid[TYPE_CHARS(int)];
2728 
2729     sprintf(spid, "%"IVdf, (IV)pid);
2730     sv = *hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,spid,strlen(spid),TRUE);
2731     (void)SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2732     SvIVX(sv) = status;
2733     return;
2734 }
2735 
2736 #if defined(atarist) || defined(OS2) || defined(DJGPP)
2737 int pclose();
2738 #ifdef HAS_FORK
2739 int					/* Cannot prototype with I32
2740 					   in os2ish.h. */
2741 my_syspclose(PerlIO *ptr)
2742 #else
2743 I32
2744 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
2745 #endif
2746 {
2747     /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
2748     FILE *f = PerlIO_findFILE(ptr);
2749     I32 result = pclose(f);
2750 #if defined(DJGPP)
2751     result = (result << 8) & 0xff00;
2752 #endif
2753     PerlIO_releaseFILE(ptr,f);
2754     return result;
2755 }
2756 #endif
2757 
2758 void
2759 Perl_repeatcpy(pTHX_ register char *to, register const char *from, I32 len, register I32 count)
2760 {
2761     register I32 todo;
2762     register const char *frombase = from;
2763 
2764     if (len == 1) {
2765 	register const char c = *from;
2766 	while (count-- > 0)
2767 	    *to++ = c;
2768 	return;
2769     }
2770     while (count-- > 0) {
2771 	for (todo = len; todo > 0; todo--) {
2772 	    *to++ = *from++;
2773 	}
2774 	from = frombase;
2775     }
2776 }
2777 
2778 U32
2779 Perl_cast_ulong(pTHX_ NV f)
2780 {
2781     long along;
2782 
2783 #if CASTFLAGS & 2
2784 #   define BIGDOUBLE 2147483648.0
2785     if (f >= BIGDOUBLE)
2786 	return (unsigned long)(f-(long)(f/BIGDOUBLE)*BIGDOUBLE)|0x80000000;
2787 #endif
2788     if (f >= 0.0)
2789 	return (unsigned long)f;
2790     along = (long)f;
2791     return (unsigned long)along;
2792 }
2793 # undef BIGDOUBLE
2794 
2795 /* Unfortunately, on some systems the cast_uv() function doesn't
2796    work with the system-supplied definition of ULONG_MAX.  The
2797    comparison  (f >= ULONG_MAX) always comes out true.  It must be a
2798    problem with the compiler constant folding.
2799 
2800    In any case, this workaround should be fine on any two's complement
2801    system.  If it's not, supply a '-DMY_ULONG_MAX=whatever' in your
2802    ccflags.
2803 	       --Andy Dougherty      <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>
2804 */
2805 
2806 /* Code modified to prefer proper named type ranges, I32, IV, or UV, instead
2807    of LONG_(MIN/MAX).
2808                            -- Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>
2809 */
2810 
2811 #ifndef MY_UV_MAX
2812 #  define MY_UV_MAX ((UV)IV_MAX * (UV)2 + (UV)1)
2813 #endif
2814 
2815 I32
2816 Perl_cast_i32(pTHX_ NV f)
2817 {
2818     if (f >= I32_MAX)
2819 	return (I32) I32_MAX;
2820     if (f <= I32_MIN)
2821 	return (I32) I32_MIN;
2822     return (I32) f;
2823 }
2824 
2825 IV
2826 Perl_cast_iv(pTHX_ NV f)
2827 {
2828     if (f >= IV_MAX) {
2829 	UV uv;
2830 
2831 	if (f >= (NV)UV_MAX)
2832 	    return (IV) UV_MAX;
2833 	uv = (UV) f;
2834 	return (IV)uv;
2835     }
2836     if (f <= IV_MIN)
2837 	return (IV) IV_MIN;
2838     return (IV) f;
2839 }
2840 
2841 UV
2842 Perl_cast_uv(pTHX_ NV f)
2843 {
2844     if (f >= MY_UV_MAX)
2845 	return (UV) MY_UV_MAX;
2846     if (f < 0) {
2847 	IV iv;
2848 
2849 	if (f < IV_MIN)
2850 	    return (UV)IV_MIN;
2851 	iv = (IV) f;
2852 	return (UV) iv;
2853     }
2854     return (UV) f;
2855 }
2856 
2857 #ifndef HAS_RENAME
2858 I32
2859 Perl_same_dirent(pTHX_ char *a, char *b)
2860 {
2861     char *fa = strrchr(a,'/');
2862     char *fb = strrchr(b,'/');
2863     struct stat tmpstatbuf1;
2864     struct stat tmpstatbuf2;
2865     SV *tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
2866 
2867     if (fa)
2868 	fa++;
2869     else
2870 	fa = a;
2871     if (fb)
2872 	fb++;
2873     else
2874 	fb = b;
2875     if (strNE(a,b))
2876 	return FALSE;
2877     if (fa == a)
2878 	sv_setpv(tmpsv, ".");
2879     else
2880 	sv_setpvn(tmpsv, a, fa - a);
2881     if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf1) < 0)
2882 	return FALSE;
2883     if (fb == b)
2884 	sv_setpv(tmpsv, ".");
2885     else
2886 	sv_setpvn(tmpsv, b, fb - b);
2887     if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf2) < 0)
2888 	return FALSE;
2889     return tmpstatbuf1.st_dev == tmpstatbuf2.st_dev &&
2890 	   tmpstatbuf1.st_ino == tmpstatbuf2.st_ino;
2891 }
2892 #endif /* !HAS_RENAME */
2893 
2894 NV
2895 Perl_scan_bin(pTHX_ char *start, STRLEN len, STRLEN *retlen)
2896 {
2897     register char *s = start;
2898     register NV rnv = 0.0;
2899     register UV ruv = 0;
2900     register bool seenb = FALSE;
2901     register bool overflowed = FALSE;
2902 
2903     for (; len-- && *s; s++) {
2904 	if (!(*s == '0' || *s == '1')) {
2905 	    if (*s == '_' && len && *retlen
2906 		&& (s[1] == '0' || s[1] == '1'))
2907 	    {
2908 		--len;
2909 		++s;
2910 	    }
2911 	    else if (seenb == FALSE && *s == 'b' && ruv == 0) {
2912 		/* Disallow 0bbb0b0bbb... */
2913 		seenb = TRUE;
2914 		continue;
2915 	    }
2916 	    else {
2917 		if (ckWARN(WARN_DIGIT))
2918 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DIGIT,
2919 				"Illegal binary digit '%c' ignored", *s);
2920 		break;
2921 	    }
2922 	}
2923 	if (!overflowed) {
2924 	    register UV xuv = ruv << 1;
2925 
2926 	    if ((xuv >> 1) != ruv) {
2927 		overflowed = TRUE;
2928 		rnv = (NV) ruv;
2929 		if (ckWARN_d(WARN_OVERFLOW))
2930 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_OVERFLOW,
2931 				"Integer overflow in binary number");
2932 	    }
2933 	    else
2934 		ruv = xuv | (*s - '0');
2935 	}
2936 	if (overflowed) {
2937 	    rnv *= 2;
2938 	    /* If an NV has not enough bits in its mantissa to
2939 	     * represent an UV this summing of small low-order numbers
2940 	     * is a waste of time (because the NV cannot preserve
2941 	     * the low-order bits anyway): we could just remember when
2942 	     * did we overflow and in the end just multiply rnv by the
2943 	     * right amount. */
2944 	    rnv += (*s - '0');
2945 	}
2946     }
2947     if (!overflowed)
2948 	rnv = (NV) ruv;
2949     if (   ( overflowed && rnv > 4294967295.0)
2950 #if UVSIZE > 4
2951 	|| (!overflowed && ruv > 0xffffffff  )
2952 #endif
2953 	) {
2954 	if (ckWARN(WARN_PORTABLE))
2955 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PORTABLE,
2956 			"Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable");
2957     }
2958     *retlen = s - start;
2959     return rnv;
2960 }
2961 
2962 NV
2963 Perl_scan_oct(pTHX_ char *start, STRLEN len, STRLEN *retlen)
2964 {
2965     register char *s = start;
2966     register NV rnv = 0.0;
2967     register UV ruv = 0;
2968     register bool overflowed = FALSE;
2969 
2970     for (; len-- && *s; s++) {
2971 	if (!(*s >= '0' && *s <= '7')) {
2972 	    if (*s == '_' && len && *retlen
2973 		&& (s[1] >= '0' && s[1] <= '7'))
2974 	    {
2975 		--len;
2976 		++s;
2977 	    }
2978 	    else {
2979 		/* Allow \octal to work the DWIM way (that is, stop scanning
2980 		 * as soon as non-octal characters are seen, complain only iff
2981 		 * someone seems to want to use the digits eight and nine). */
2982 		if (*s == '8' || *s == '9') {
2983 		    if (ckWARN(WARN_DIGIT))
2984 			Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DIGIT,
2985 				    "Illegal octal digit '%c' ignored", *s);
2986 		}
2987 		break;
2988 	    }
2989 	}
2990 	if (!overflowed) {
2991 	    register UV xuv = ruv << 3;
2992 
2993 	    if ((xuv >> 3) != ruv) {
2994 		overflowed = TRUE;
2995 		rnv = (NV) ruv;
2996 		if (ckWARN_d(WARN_OVERFLOW))
2997 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_OVERFLOW,
2998 				"Integer overflow in octal number");
2999 	    }
3000 	    else
3001 		ruv = xuv | (*s - '0');
3002 	}
3003 	if (overflowed) {
3004 	    rnv *= 8.0;
3005 	    /* If an NV has not enough bits in its mantissa to
3006 	     * represent an UV this summing of small low-order numbers
3007 	     * is a waste of time (because the NV cannot preserve
3008 	     * the low-order bits anyway): we could just remember when
3009 	     * did we overflow and in the end just multiply rnv by the
3010 	     * right amount of 8-tuples. */
3011 	    rnv += (NV)(*s - '0');
3012 	}
3013     }
3014     if (!overflowed)
3015 	rnv = (NV) ruv;
3016     if (   ( overflowed && rnv > 4294967295.0)
3017 #if UVSIZE > 4
3018 	|| (!overflowed && ruv > 0xffffffff  )
3019 #endif
3020 	) {
3021 	if (ckWARN(WARN_PORTABLE))
3022 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PORTABLE,
3023 			"Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable");
3024     }
3025     *retlen = s - start;
3026     return rnv;
3027 }
3028 
3029 NV
3030 Perl_scan_hex(pTHX_ char *start, STRLEN len, STRLEN *retlen)
3031 {
3032     register char *s = start;
3033     register NV rnv = 0.0;
3034     register UV ruv = 0;
3035     register bool seenx = FALSE;
3036     register bool overflowed = FALSE;
3037     char *hexdigit;
3038 
3039     for (; len-- && *s; s++) {
3040 	hexdigit = strchr((char *) PL_hexdigit, *s);
3041 	if (!hexdigit) {
3042 	    if (*s == '_' && len && *retlen && s[1]
3043 		&& (hexdigit = strchr((char *) PL_hexdigit, s[1])))
3044 	    {
3045 		--len;
3046 		++s;
3047 	    }
3048 	    else if (seenx == FALSE && *s == 'x' && ruv == 0) {
3049 		/* Disallow 0xxx0x0xxx... */
3050 		seenx = TRUE;
3051 		continue;
3052 	    }
3053 	    else {
3054 		if (ckWARN(WARN_DIGIT))
3055 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DIGIT,
3056 				"Illegal hexadecimal digit '%c' ignored", *s);
3057 		break;
3058 	    }
3059 	}
3060 	if (!overflowed) {
3061 	    register UV xuv = ruv << 4;
3062 
3063 	    if ((xuv >> 4) != ruv) {
3064 		overflowed = TRUE;
3065 		rnv = (NV) ruv;
3066 		if (ckWARN_d(WARN_OVERFLOW))
3067 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_OVERFLOW,
3068 				"Integer overflow in hexadecimal number");
3069 	    }
3070 	    else
3071 		ruv = xuv | ((hexdigit - PL_hexdigit) & 15);
3072 	}
3073 	if (overflowed) {
3074 	    rnv *= 16.0;
3075 	    /* If an NV has not enough bits in its mantissa to
3076 	     * represent an UV this summing of small low-order numbers
3077 	     * is a waste of time (because the NV cannot preserve
3078 	     * the low-order bits anyway): we could just remember when
3079 	     * did we overflow and in the end just multiply rnv by the
3080 	     * right amount of 16-tuples. */
3081 	    rnv += (NV)((hexdigit - PL_hexdigit) & 15);
3082 	}
3083     }
3084     if (!overflowed)
3085 	rnv = (NV) ruv;
3086     if (   ( overflowed && rnv > 4294967295.0)
3087 #if UVSIZE > 4
3088 	|| (!overflowed && ruv > 0xffffffff  )
3089 #endif
3090 	) {
3091 	if (ckWARN(WARN_PORTABLE))
3092 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PORTABLE,
3093 			"Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable");
3094     }
3095     *retlen = s - start;
3096     return rnv;
3097 }
3098 
3099 char*
3100 Perl_find_script(pTHX_ char *scriptname, bool dosearch, char **search_ext, I32 flags)
3101 {
3102     char *xfound = Nullch;
3103     char *xfailed = Nullch;
3104     char tmpbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
3105     register char *s;
3106     I32 len;
3107     int retval;
3108 #if defined(DOSISH) && !defined(OS2) && !defined(atarist)
3109 #  define SEARCH_EXTS ".bat", ".cmd", NULL
3110 #  define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3111 #endif
3112 #ifdef OS2
3113 #  define SEARCH_EXTS ".cmd", ".btm", ".bat", ".pl", NULL
3114 #  define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3115 #endif
3116 #ifdef VMS
3117 #  define SEARCH_EXTS ".pl", ".com", NULL
3118 #  define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3119 #endif
3120     /* additional extensions to try in each dir if scriptname not found */
3121 #ifdef SEARCH_EXTS
3122     char *exts[] = { SEARCH_EXTS };
3123     char **ext = search_ext ? search_ext : exts;
3124     int extidx = 0, i = 0;
3125     char *curext = Nullch;
3126 #else
3127 #  define MAX_EXT_LEN 0
3128 #endif
3129 
3130     /*
3131      * If dosearch is true and if scriptname does not contain path
3132      * delimiters, search the PATH for scriptname.
3133      *
3134      * If SEARCH_EXTS is also defined, will look for each
3135      * scriptname{SEARCH_EXTS} whenever scriptname is not found
3136      * while searching the PATH.
3137      *
3138      * Assuming SEARCH_EXTS is C<".foo",".bar",NULL>, PATH search
3139      * proceeds as follows:
3140      *   If DOSISH or VMSISH:
3141      *     + look for ./scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
3142      *     + search the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
3143      *
3144      *   If !DOSISH:
3145      *     + look *only* in the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar} (note
3146      *       this will not look in '.' if it's not in the PATH)
3147      */
3148     tmpbuf[0] = '\0';
3149 
3150 #ifdef VMS
3151 #  ifdef ALWAYS_DEFTYPES
3152     len = strlen(scriptname);
3153     if (!(len == 1 && *scriptname == '-') && scriptname[len-1] != ':') {
3154 	int hasdir, idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
3155 	bool seen_dot = 1;
3156 
3157 	hasdir = !dosearch || (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != Nullch) ;
3158 #  else
3159     if (dosearch) {
3160 	int hasdir, idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
3161 	bool seen_dot = 1;
3162 
3163 	hasdir = (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != Nullch) ;
3164 #  endif
3165 	/* The first time through, just add SEARCH_EXTS to whatever we
3166 	 * already have, so we can check for default file types. */
3167 	while (deftypes ||
3168 	       (!hasdir && my_trnlnm("DCL$PATH",tmpbuf,idx++)) )
3169 	{
3170 	    if (deftypes) {
3171 		deftypes = 0;
3172 		*tmpbuf = '\0';
3173 	    }
3174 	    if ((strlen(tmpbuf) + strlen(scriptname)
3175 		 + MAX_EXT_LEN) >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3176 		continue;	/* don't search dir with too-long name */
3177 	    strcat(tmpbuf, scriptname);
3178 #else  /* !VMS */
3179 
3180 #ifdef DOSISH
3181     if (strEQ(scriptname, "-"))
3182  	dosearch = 0;
3183     if (dosearch) {		/* Look in '.' first. */
3184 	char *cur = scriptname;
3185 #ifdef SEARCH_EXTS
3186 	if ((curext = strrchr(scriptname,'.')))	/* possible current ext */
3187 	    while (ext[i])
3188 		if (strEQ(ext[i++],curext)) {
3189 		    extidx = -1;		/* already has an ext */
3190 		    break;
3191 		}
3192 	do {
3193 #endif
3194 	    DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3195 				  "Looking for %s\n",cur));
3196 	    if (PerlLIO_stat(cur,&PL_statbuf) >= 0
3197 		&& !S_ISDIR(PL_statbuf.st_mode)) {
3198 		dosearch = 0;
3199 		scriptname = cur;
3200 #ifdef SEARCH_EXTS
3201 		break;
3202 #endif
3203 	    }
3204 #ifdef SEARCH_EXTS
3205 	    if (cur == scriptname) {
3206 		len = strlen(scriptname);
3207 		if (len+MAX_EXT_LEN+1 >= sizeof(tmpbuf))
3208 		    break;
3209 		cur = strcpy(tmpbuf, scriptname);
3210 	    }
3211 	} while (extidx >= 0 && ext[extidx]	/* try an extension? */
3212 		 && strcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++]));
3213 #endif
3214     }
3215 #endif
3216 
3217 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
3218     if (dosearch && !strchr(scriptname, ':') &&
3219 	(s = PerlEnv_getenv("Commands")))
3220 #else
3221     if (dosearch && !strchr(scriptname, '/')
3222 #ifdef DOSISH
3223 		 && !strchr(scriptname, '\\')
3224 #endif
3225 		 && (s = PerlEnv_getenv("PATH")))
3226 #endif
3227     {
3228 	bool seen_dot = 0;
3229 
3230 	PL_bufend = s + strlen(s);
3231 	while (s < PL_bufend) {
3232 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
3233 	    s = delimcpy(tmpbuf, tmpbuf + sizeof tmpbuf, s, PL_bufend,
3234 			',',
3235 			&len);
3236 #else
3237 #if defined(atarist) || defined(DOSISH)
3238 	    for (len = 0; *s
3239 #  ifdef atarist
3240 		    && *s != ','
3241 #  endif
3242 		    && *s != ';'; len++, s++) {
3243 		if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3244 		    tmpbuf[len] = *s;
3245 	    }
3246 	    if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3247 		tmpbuf[len] = '\0';
3248 #else  /* ! (atarist || DOSISH) */
3249 	    s = delimcpy(tmpbuf, tmpbuf + sizeof tmpbuf, s, PL_bufend,
3250 			':',
3251 			&len);
3252 #endif /* ! (atarist || DOSISH) */
3253 #endif /* MACOS_TRADITIONAL */
3254 	    if (s < PL_bufend)
3255 		s++;
3256 	    if (len + 1 + strlen(scriptname) + MAX_EXT_LEN >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3257 		continue;	/* don't search dir with too-long name */
3258 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
3259 	    if (len && tmpbuf[len - 1] != ':')
3260 	    	tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
3261 #else
3262 	    if (len
3263 #if defined(atarist) || defined(__MINT__) || defined(DOSISH)
3264 		&& tmpbuf[len - 1] != '/'
3265 		&& tmpbuf[len - 1] != '\\'
3266 #endif
3267 	       )
3268 		tmpbuf[len++] = '/';
3269 	    if (len == 2 && tmpbuf[0] == '.')
3270 		seen_dot = 1;
3271 #endif
3272 	    (void)strcpy(tmpbuf + len, scriptname);
3273 #endif  /* !VMS */
3274 
3275 #ifdef SEARCH_EXTS
3276 	    len = strlen(tmpbuf);
3277 	    if (extidx > 0)	/* reset after previous loop */
3278 		extidx = 0;
3279 	    do {
3280 #endif
3281 	    	DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Looking for %s\n",tmpbuf));
3282 		retval = PerlLIO_stat(tmpbuf,&PL_statbuf);
3283 		if (S_ISDIR(PL_statbuf.st_mode)) {
3284 		    retval = -1;
3285 		}
3286 #ifdef SEARCH_EXTS
3287 	    } while (  retval < 0		/* not there */
3288 		    && extidx>=0 && ext[extidx]	/* try an extension? */
3289 		    && strcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++])
3290 		);
3291 #endif
3292 	    if (retval < 0)
3293 		continue;
3294 	    if (S_ISREG(PL_statbuf.st_mode)
3295 		&& cando(S_IRUSR,TRUE,&PL_statbuf)
3296 #if !defined(DOSISH) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
3297 		&& cando(S_IXUSR,TRUE,&PL_statbuf)
3298 #endif
3299 		)
3300 	    {
3301 		xfound = tmpbuf;              /* bingo! */
3302 		break;
3303 	    }
3304 	    if (!xfailed)
3305 		xfailed = savepv(tmpbuf);
3306 	}
3307 #ifndef DOSISH
3308 	if (!xfound && !seen_dot && !xfailed &&
3309 	    (PerlLIO_stat(scriptname,&PL_statbuf) < 0
3310 	     || S_ISDIR(PL_statbuf.st_mode)))
3311 #endif
3312 	    seen_dot = 1;			/* Disable message. */
3313 	if (!xfound) {
3314 	    if (flags & 1) {			/* do or die? */
3315 	        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't %s %s%s%s",
3316 		      (xfailed ? "execute" : "find"),
3317 		      (xfailed ? xfailed : scriptname),
3318 		      (xfailed ? "" : " on PATH"),
3319 		      (xfailed || seen_dot) ? "" : ", '.' not in PATH");
3320 	    }
3321 	    scriptname = Nullch;
3322 	}
3323 	if (xfailed)
3324 	    Safefree(xfailed);
3325 	scriptname = xfound;
3326     }
3327     return (scriptname ? savepv(scriptname) : Nullch);
3328 }
3329 
3330 #ifndef PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED
3331 
3332 void *
3333 Perl_get_context(void)
3334 {
3335 #if defined(USE_THREADS) || defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3336 #  ifdef OLD_PTHREADS_API
3337     pthread_addr_t t;
3338     if (pthread_getspecific(PL_thr_key, &t))
3339 	Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_getspecific");
3340     return (void*)t;
3341 #  else
3342 #  ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
3343     return (void*)cthread_data(cthread_self());
3344 #  else
3345     return (void*)pthread_getspecific(PL_thr_key);
3346 #  endif
3347 #  endif
3348 #else
3349     return (void*)NULL;
3350 #endif
3351 }
3352 
3353 void
3354 Perl_set_context(void *t)
3355 {
3356 #if defined(USE_THREADS) || defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3357 #  ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
3358     cthread_set_data(cthread_self(), t);
3359 #  else
3360     if (pthread_setspecific(PL_thr_key, t))
3361 	Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_setspecific");
3362 #  endif
3363 #endif
3364 }
3365 
3366 #endif /* !PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED */
3367 
3368 #ifdef USE_THREADS
3369 
3370 #ifdef FAKE_THREADS
3371 /* Very simplistic scheduler for now */
3372 void
3373 schedule(void)
3374 {
3375     thr = thr->i.next_run;
3376 }
3377 
3378 void
3379 Perl_cond_init(pTHX_ perl_cond *cp)
3380 {
3381     *cp = 0;
3382 }
3383 
3384 void
3385 Perl_cond_signal(pTHX_ perl_cond *cp)
3386 {
3387     perl_os_thread t;
3388     perl_cond cond = *cp;
3389 
3390     if (!cond)
3391 	return;
3392     t = cond->thread;
3393     /* Insert t in the runnable queue just ahead of us */
3394     t->i.next_run = thr->i.next_run;
3395     thr->i.next_run->i.prev_run = t;
3396     t->i.prev_run = thr;
3397     thr->i.next_run = t;
3398     thr->i.wait_queue = 0;
3399     /* Remove from the wait queue */
3400     *cp = cond->next;
3401     Safefree(cond);
3402 }
3403 
3404 void
3405 Perl_cond_broadcast(pTHX_ perl_cond *cp)
3406 {
3407     perl_os_thread t;
3408     perl_cond cond, cond_next;
3409 
3410     for (cond = *cp; cond; cond = cond_next) {
3411 	t = cond->thread;
3412 	/* Insert t in the runnable queue just ahead of us */
3413 	t->i.next_run = thr->i.next_run;
3414 	thr->i.next_run->i.prev_run = t;
3415 	t->i.prev_run = thr;
3416 	thr->i.next_run = t;
3417 	thr->i.wait_queue = 0;
3418 	/* Remove from the wait queue */
3419 	cond_next = cond->next;
3420 	Safefree(cond);
3421     }
3422     *cp = 0;
3423 }
3424 
3425 void
3426 Perl_cond_wait(pTHX_ perl_cond *cp)
3427 {
3428     perl_cond cond;
3429 
3430     if (thr->i.next_run == thr)
3431 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: perl_cond_wait called by last runnable thread");
3432 
3433     New(666, cond, 1, struct perl_wait_queue);
3434     cond->thread = thr;
3435     cond->next = *cp;
3436     *cp = cond;
3437     thr->i.wait_queue = cond;
3438     /* Remove ourselves from runnable queue */
3439     thr->i.next_run->i.prev_run = thr->i.prev_run;
3440     thr->i.prev_run->i.next_run = thr->i.next_run;
3441 }
3442 #endif /* FAKE_THREADS */
3443 
3444 MAGIC *
3445 Perl_condpair_magic(pTHX_ SV *sv)
3446 {
3447     MAGIC *mg;
3448 
3449     SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVMG);
3450     mg = mg_find(sv, 'm');
3451     if (!mg) {
3452 	condpair_t *cp;
3453 
3454 	New(53, cp, 1, condpair_t);
3455 	MUTEX_INIT(&cp->mutex);
3456 	COND_INIT(&cp->owner_cond);
3457 	COND_INIT(&cp->cond);
3458 	cp->owner = 0;
3459 	LOCK_CRED_MUTEX;		/* XXX need separate mutex? */
3460 	mg = mg_find(sv, 'm');
3461 	if (mg) {
3462 	    /* someone else beat us to initialising it */
3463 	    UNLOCK_CRED_MUTEX;		/* XXX need separate mutex? */
3464 	    MUTEX_DESTROY(&cp->mutex);
3465 	    COND_DESTROY(&cp->owner_cond);
3466 	    COND_DESTROY(&cp->cond);
3467 	    Safefree(cp);
3468 	}
3469 	else {
3470 	    sv_magic(sv, Nullsv, 'm', 0, 0);
3471 	    mg = SvMAGIC(sv);
3472 	    mg->mg_ptr = (char *)cp;
3473 	    mg->mg_len = sizeof(cp);
3474 	    UNLOCK_CRED_MUTEX;		/* XXX need separate mutex? */
3475 	    DEBUG_S(WITH_THR(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3476 					   "%p: condpair_magic %p\n", thr, sv));)
3477 	}
3478     }
3479     return mg;
3480 }
3481 
3482 SV *
3483 Perl_sv_lock(pTHX_ SV *osv)
3484 {
3485     MAGIC *mg;
3486     SV *sv = osv;
3487 
3488     LOCK_SV_LOCK_MUTEX;
3489     if (SvROK(sv)) {
3490 	sv = SvRV(sv);
3491     }
3492 
3493     mg = condpair_magic(sv);
3494     MUTEX_LOCK(MgMUTEXP(mg));
3495     if (MgOWNER(mg) == thr)
3496 	MUTEX_UNLOCK(MgMUTEXP(mg));
3497     else {
3498 	while (MgOWNER(mg))
3499 	    COND_WAIT(MgOWNERCONDP(mg), MgMUTEXP(mg));
3500 	MgOWNER(mg) = thr;
3501 	DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3502 			      "0x%"UVxf": Perl_lock lock 0x%"UVxf"\n",
3503 			      PTR2UV(thr), PTR2UV(sv));)
3504 	MUTEX_UNLOCK(MgMUTEXP(mg));
3505 	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(Perl_unlock_condpair, sv);
3506     }
3507     UNLOCK_SV_LOCK_MUTEX;
3508     return sv;
3509 }
3510 
3511 /*
3512  * Make a new perl thread structure using t as a prototype. Some of the
3513  * fields for the new thread are copied from the prototype thread, t,
3514  * so t should not be running in perl at the time this function is
3515  * called. The use by ext/Thread/Thread.xs in core perl (where t is the
3516  * thread calling new_struct_thread) clearly satisfies this constraint.
3517  */
3518 struct perl_thread *
3519 Perl_new_struct_thread(pTHX_ struct perl_thread *t)
3520 {
3521 #if !defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
3522     struct perl_thread *thr;
3523 #endif
3524     SV *sv;
3525     SV **svp;
3526     I32 i;
3527 
3528     sv = newSVpvn("", 0);
3529     SvGROW(sv, sizeof(struct perl_thread) + 1);
3530     SvCUR_set(sv, sizeof(struct perl_thread));
3531     thr = (Thread) SvPVX(sv);
3532 #ifdef DEBUGGING
3533     memset(thr, 0xab, sizeof(struct perl_thread));
3534     PL_markstack = 0;
3535     PL_scopestack = 0;
3536     PL_savestack = 0;
3537     PL_retstack = 0;
3538     PL_dirty = 0;
3539     PL_localizing = 0;
3540     Zero(&PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh, 1, HE);
3541     PL_efloatbuf = (char*)NULL;
3542     PL_efloatsize = 0;
3543 #else
3544     Zero(thr, 1, struct perl_thread);
3545 #endif
3546 
3547     thr->oursv = sv;
3548     init_stacks();
3549 
3550     PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3551     thr->interp = t->interp;
3552     thr->cvcache = newHV();
3553     thr->threadsv = newAV();
3554     thr->specific = newAV();
3555     thr->errsv = newSVpvn("", 0);
3556     thr->flags = THRf_R_JOINABLE;
3557     MUTEX_INIT(&thr->mutex);
3558 
3559     JMPENV_BOOTSTRAP;
3560 
3561     PL_in_eval = EVAL_NULL;	/* ~(EVAL_INEVAL|EVAL_WARNONLY|EVAL_KEEPERR|EVAL_INREQUIRE) */
3562     PL_restartop = 0;
3563 
3564     PL_statname = NEWSV(66,0);
3565     PL_errors = newSVpvn("", 0);
3566     PL_maxscream = -1;
3567     PL_regcompp = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_pregcomp);
3568     PL_regexecp = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_regexec_flags);
3569     PL_regint_start = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_re_intuit_start);
3570     PL_regint_string = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_re_intuit_string);
3571     PL_regfree = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_pregfree);
3572     PL_regindent = 0;
3573     PL_reginterp_cnt = 0;
3574     PL_lastscream = Nullsv;
3575     PL_screamfirst = 0;
3576     PL_screamnext = 0;
3577     PL_reg_start_tmp = 0;
3578     PL_reg_start_tmpl = 0;
3579     PL_reg_poscache = Nullch;
3580 
3581     /* parent thread's data needs to be locked while we make copy */
3582     MUTEX_LOCK(&t->mutex);
3583 
3584 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
3585     PL_protect = t->Tprotect;
3586 #endif
3587 
3588     PL_curcop = t->Tcurcop;       /* XXX As good a guess as any? */
3589     PL_defstash = t->Tdefstash;   /* XXX maybe these should */
3590     PL_curstash = t->Tcurstash;   /* always be set to main? */
3591 
3592     PL_tainted = t->Ttainted;
3593     PL_curpm = t->Tcurpm;         /* XXX No PMOP ref count */
3594     PL_nrs = newSVsv(t->Tnrs);
3595     PL_rs = t->Tnrs ? SvREFCNT_inc(PL_nrs) : Nullsv;
3596     PL_last_in_gv = Nullgv;
3597     PL_ofslen = t->Tofslen;
3598     PL_ofs = savepvn(t->Tofs, PL_ofslen);
3599     PL_defoutgv = (GV*)SvREFCNT_inc(t->Tdefoutgv);
3600     PL_chopset = t->Tchopset;
3601     PL_bodytarget = newSVsv(t->Tbodytarget);
3602     PL_toptarget = newSVsv(t->Ttoptarget);
3603     if (t->Tformtarget == t->Ttoptarget)
3604 	PL_formtarget = PL_toptarget;
3605     else
3606 	PL_formtarget = PL_bodytarget;
3607 
3608     /* Initialise all per-thread SVs that the template thread used */
3609     svp = AvARRAY(t->threadsv);
3610     for (i = 0; i <= AvFILLp(t->threadsv); i++, svp++) {
3611 	if (*svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef) {
3612 	    SV *sv = newSVsv(*svp);
3613 	    av_store(thr->threadsv, i, sv);
3614 	    sv_magic(sv, 0, 0, &PL_threadsv_names[i], 1);
3615 	    DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3616 		"new_struct_thread: copied threadsv %"IVdf" %p->%p\n",
3617 				  (IV)i, t, thr));
3618 	}
3619     }
3620     thr->threadsvp = AvARRAY(thr->threadsv);
3621 
3622     MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_threads_mutex);
3623     PL_nthreads++;
3624     thr->tid = ++PL_threadnum;
3625     thr->next = t->next;
3626     thr->prev = t;
3627     t->next = thr;
3628     thr->next->prev = thr;
3629     MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_threads_mutex);
3630 
3631     /* done copying parent's state */
3632     MUTEX_UNLOCK(&t->mutex);
3633 
3634 #ifdef HAVE_THREAD_INTERN
3635     Perl_init_thread_intern(thr);
3636 #endif /* HAVE_THREAD_INTERN */
3637     return thr;
3638 }
3639 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
3640 
3641 #if defined(HUGE_VAL) || (defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(HUGE_VALL))
3642 /*
3643  * This hack is to force load of "huge" support from libm.a
3644  * So it is in perl for (say) POSIX to use.
3645  * Needed for SunOS with Sun's 'acc' for example.
3646  */
3647 NV
3648 Perl_huge(void)
3649 {
3650 #   if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(HUGE_VALL)
3651     return HUGE_VALL;
3652 #   endif
3653     return HUGE_VAL;
3654 }
3655 #endif
3656 
3657 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
3658 struct perl_vars *
3659 Perl_GetVars(pTHX)
3660 {
3661  return &PL_Vars;
3662 }
3663 #endif
3664 
3665 char **
3666 Perl_get_op_names(pTHX)
3667 {
3668  return PL_op_name;
3669 }
3670 
3671 char **
3672 Perl_get_op_descs(pTHX)
3673 {
3674  return PL_op_desc;
3675 }
3676 
3677 char *
3678 Perl_get_no_modify(pTHX)
3679 {
3680  return (char*)PL_no_modify;
3681 }
3682 
3683 U32 *
3684 Perl_get_opargs(pTHX)
3685 {
3686  return PL_opargs;
3687 }
3688 
3689 PPADDR_t*
3690 Perl_get_ppaddr(pTHX)
3691 {
3692  return &PL_ppaddr;
3693 }
3694 
3695 #ifndef HAS_GETENV_LEN
3696 char *
3697 Perl_getenv_len(pTHX_ const char *env_elem, unsigned long *len)
3698 {
3699     char *env_trans = PerlEnv_getenv(env_elem);
3700     if (env_trans)
3701 	*len = strlen(env_trans);
3702     return env_trans;
3703 }
3704 #endif
3705 
3706 
3707 MGVTBL*
3708 Perl_get_vtbl(pTHX_ int vtbl_id)
3709 {
3710     MGVTBL* result = Null(MGVTBL*);
3711 
3712     switch(vtbl_id) {
3713     case want_vtbl_sv:
3714 	result = &PL_vtbl_sv;
3715 	break;
3716     case want_vtbl_env:
3717 	result = &PL_vtbl_env;
3718 	break;
3719     case want_vtbl_envelem:
3720 	result = &PL_vtbl_envelem;
3721 	break;
3722     case want_vtbl_sig:
3723 	result = &PL_vtbl_sig;
3724 	break;
3725     case want_vtbl_sigelem:
3726 	result = &PL_vtbl_sigelem;
3727 	break;
3728     case want_vtbl_pack:
3729 	result = &PL_vtbl_pack;
3730 	break;
3731     case want_vtbl_packelem:
3732 	result = &PL_vtbl_packelem;
3733 	break;
3734     case want_vtbl_dbline:
3735 	result = &PL_vtbl_dbline;
3736 	break;
3737     case want_vtbl_isa:
3738 	result = &PL_vtbl_isa;
3739 	break;
3740     case want_vtbl_isaelem:
3741 	result = &PL_vtbl_isaelem;
3742 	break;
3743     case want_vtbl_arylen:
3744 	result = &PL_vtbl_arylen;
3745 	break;
3746     case want_vtbl_glob:
3747 	result = &PL_vtbl_glob;
3748 	break;
3749     case want_vtbl_mglob:
3750 	result = &PL_vtbl_mglob;
3751 	break;
3752     case want_vtbl_nkeys:
3753 	result = &PL_vtbl_nkeys;
3754 	break;
3755     case want_vtbl_taint:
3756 	result = &PL_vtbl_taint;
3757 	break;
3758     case want_vtbl_substr:
3759 	result = &PL_vtbl_substr;
3760 	break;
3761     case want_vtbl_vec:
3762 	result = &PL_vtbl_vec;
3763 	break;
3764     case want_vtbl_pos:
3765 	result = &PL_vtbl_pos;
3766 	break;
3767     case want_vtbl_bm:
3768 	result = &PL_vtbl_bm;
3769 	break;
3770     case want_vtbl_fm:
3771 	result = &PL_vtbl_fm;
3772 	break;
3773     case want_vtbl_uvar:
3774 	result = &PL_vtbl_uvar;
3775 	break;
3776 #ifdef USE_THREADS
3777     case want_vtbl_mutex:
3778 	result = &PL_vtbl_mutex;
3779 	break;
3780 #endif
3781     case want_vtbl_defelem:
3782 	result = &PL_vtbl_defelem;
3783 	break;
3784     case want_vtbl_regexp:
3785 	result = &PL_vtbl_regexp;
3786 	break;
3787     case want_vtbl_regdata:
3788 	result = &PL_vtbl_regdata;
3789 	break;
3790     case want_vtbl_regdatum:
3791 	result = &PL_vtbl_regdatum;
3792 	break;
3793 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3794     case want_vtbl_collxfrm:
3795 	result = &PL_vtbl_collxfrm;
3796 	break;
3797 #endif
3798     case want_vtbl_amagic:
3799 	result = &PL_vtbl_amagic;
3800 	break;
3801     case want_vtbl_amagicelem:
3802 	result = &PL_vtbl_amagicelem;
3803 	break;
3804     case want_vtbl_backref:
3805 	result = &PL_vtbl_backref;
3806 	break;
3807     }
3808     return result;
3809 }
3810 
3811 #if !defined(FFLUSH_NULL) && defined(HAS__FWALK)
3812 static int S_fflush(FILE *fp);
3813 
3814 static int
3815 S_fflush(FILE *fp)
3816 {
3817     return fflush(fp);
3818 }
3819 #endif
3820 
3821 I32
3822 Perl_my_fflush_all(pTHX)
3823 {
3824 #if defined(FFLUSH_NULL)
3825     return PerlIO_flush(NULL);
3826 #else
3827 # if defined(HAS__FWALK)
3828     /* undocumented, unprototyped, but very useful BSDism */
3829     extern void _fwalk(int (*)(FILE *));
3830     _fwalk(&S_fflush);
3831     return 0;
3832 #   else
3833     long open_max = -1;
3834 #  if defined(FFLUSH_ALL) && defined(HAS_STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY)
3835 #   ifdef PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX
3836     open_max = PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX;
3837 #   else
3838 #   if defined(HAS_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_OPEN_MAX)
3839     open_max = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
3840 #   else
3841 #    ifdef FOPEN_MAX
3842     open_max = FOPEN_MAX;
3843 #    else
3844 #     ifdef OPEN_MAX
3845     open_max = OPEN_MAX;
3846 #     else
3847 #      ifdef _NFILE
3848     open_max = _NFILE;
3849 #      endif
3850 #     endif
3851 #    endif
3852 #   endif
3853 #   endif
3854     if (open_max > 0) {
3855       long i;
3856       for (i = 0; i < open_max; i++)
3857 	    if (STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file >= 0 &&
3858 		STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file < open_max &&
3859 		STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._flag)
3860 		PerlIO_flush(&STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]);
3861       return 0;
3862     }
3863 #  endif
3864     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
3865     return EOF;
3866 # endif
3867 #endif
3868 }
3869 
3870 NV
3871 Perl_my_atof(pTHX_ const char* s)
3872 {
3873     NV x = 0.0;
3874 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
3875     if ((PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE) && PL_numeric_local) {
3876 	NV y;
3877 
3878 	Perl_atof2(s, x);
3879 	SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
3880 	Perl_atof2(s, y);
3881 	SET_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
3882 	if ((y < 0.0 && y < x) || (y > 0.0 && y > x))
3883 	    return y;
3884     }
3885     else
3886 	Perl_atof2(s, x);
3887 #else
3888     Perl_atof2(s, x);
3889 #endif
3890     return x;
3891 }
3892 
3893 void
3894 Perl_report_evil_fh(pTHX_ GV *gv, IO *io, I32 op)
3895 {
3896     char *vile;
3897     I32   warn_type;
3898     char *func =
3899 	op == OP_READLINE   ? "readline"  :	/* "<HANDLE>" not nice */
3900 	op == OP_LEAVEWRITE ? "write" :		/* "write exit" not nice */
3901 	PL_op_desc[op];
3902     char *pars = OP_IS_FILETEST(op) ? "" : "()";
3903     char *type = OP_IS_SOCKET(op) || (io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET) ?
3904                      "socket" : "filehandle";
3905     char *name = NULL;
3906 
3907     if (io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_CLOSED) {
3908 	vile = "closed";
3909 	warn_type = WARN_CLOSED;
3910     }
3911     else {
3912 	vile = "unopened";
3913 	warn_type = WARN_UNOPENED;
3914     }
3915 
3916     if (gv && isGV(gv)) {
3917 	SV *sv = sv_newmortal();
3918 	gv_efullname4(sv, gv, Nullch, FALSE);
3919 	name = SvPVX(sv);
3920     }
3921 
3922     if (name && *name) {
3923 	Perl_warner(aTHX_ warn_type,
3924 		    "%s%s on %s %s %s", func, pars, vile, type, name);
3925 	if (io && IoDIRP(io) && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
3926 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ warn_type,
3927 			"\t(Are you trying to call %s%s on dirhandle %s?)\n",
3928 			func, pars, name);
3929     }
3930     else {
3931 	Perl_warner(aTHX_ warn_type,
3932 		    "%s%s on %s %s", func, pars, vile, type);
3933 	if (io && IoDIRP(io) && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
3934 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ warn_type,
3935 			"\t(Are you trying to call %s%s on dirhandle?)\n",
3936 			func, pars);
3937     }
3938 }
3939 
3940 #ifdef EBCDIC
3941 /* in ASCII order, not that it matters */
3942 static const char controllablechars[] = "?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_";
3943 
3944 int
3945 Perl_ebcdic_control(pTHX_ int ch)
3946 {
3947     	if (ch > 'a') {
3948 	        char *ctlp;
3949 
3950  	       if (islower(ch))
3951   	              ch = toupper(ch);
3952 
3953  	       if ((ctlp = strchr(controllablechars, ch)) == 0) {
3954   	              Perl_die(aTHX_ "unrecognised control character '%c'\n", ch);
3955      	       }
3956 
3957         	if (ctlp == controllablechars)
3958          	       return('\177'); /* DEL */
3959         	else
3960          	       return((unsigned char)(ctlp - controllablechars - 1));
3961 	} else { /* Want uncontrol */
3962         	if (ch == '\177' || ch == -1)
3963                 	return('?');
3964         	else if (ch == '\157')
3965                 	return('\177');
3966         	else if (ch == '\174')
3967                 	return('\000');
3968         	else if (ch == '^')    /* '\137' in 1047, '\260' in 819 */
3969                 	return('\036');
3970         	else if (ch == '\155')
3971                 	return('\037');
3972         	else if (0 < ch && ch < (sizeof(controllablechars) - 1))
3973                 	return(controllablechars[ch+1]);
3974         	else
3975                 	Perl_die(aTHX_ "invalid control request: '\\%03o'\n", ch & 0xFF);
3976 	}
3977 }
3978 #endif
3979