xref: /openbsd-src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/malloc.c (revision 48950c12d106c85f315112191a0228d7b83b9510)
1 /*    malloc.c
2  *
3  */
4 
5 /*
6  * 'The Chamber of Records,' said Gimli.  'I guess that is where we now stand.'
7  *
8  *     [p.321 of _The Lord of the Rings_, II/v: "The Bridge of Khazad-Dûm"]
9  */
10 
11 /* This file contains Perl's own implementation of the malloc library.
12  * It is used if Configure decides that, on your platform, Perl's
13  * version is better than the OS's, or if you give Configure the
14  * -Dusemymalloc command-line option.
15  */
16 
17 /*
18   Here are some notes on configuring Perl's malloc.
19 
20   There are two macros which serve as bulk disablers of advanced
21   features of this malloc: NO_FANCY_MALLOC, PLAIN_MALLOC (undef by
22   default).  Look in the list of default values below to understand
23   their exact effect.  Defining NO_FANCY_MALLOC returns malloc.c to the
24   state of the malloc in Perl 5.004.  Additionally defining PLAIN_MALLOC
25   returns it to the state as of Perl 5.000.
26 
27   Note that some of the settings below may be ignored in the code based
28   on values of other macros.  The PERL_CORE symbol is only defined when
29   perl itself is being compiled (so malloc can make some assumptions
30   about perl's facilities being available to it).
31 
32   Each config option has a short description, followed by its name,
33   default value, and a comment about the default (if applicable).  Some
34   options take a precise value, while the others are just boolean.
35   The boolean ones are listed first.
36 
37     # Read configuration settings from malloc_cfg.h
38     HAVE_MALLOC_CFG_H		undef
39 
40     # Enable code for an emergency memory pool in $^M.  See perlvar.pod
41     # for a description of $^M.
42     PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK		!PLAIN_MALLOC
43 
44     # Enable code for printing memory statistics.
45     DEBUGGING_MSTATS		!PLAIN_MALLOC
46 
47     # Move allocation info for small buckets into separate areas.
48     # Memory optimization (especially for small allocations, of the
49     # less than 64 bytes).  Since perl usually makes a large number
50     # of small allocations, this is usually a win.
51     PACK_MALLOC			(!PLAIN_MALLOC && !RCHECK)
52 
53     # Add one page to big powers of two when calculating bucket size.
54     # This is targeted at big allocations, as are common in image
55     # processing.
56     TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE		!PLAIN_MALLOC
57 
58     # Use intermediate bucket sizes between powers-of-two.  This is
59     # generally a memory optimization, and a (small) speed pessimization.
60     BUCKETS_ROOT2		!NO_FANCY_MALLOC
61 
62     # Do not check small deallocations for bad free().  Memory
63     # and speed optimization, error reporting pessimization.
64     IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE	(!NO_FANCY_MALLOC && !RCHECK)
65 
66     # Use table lookup to decide in which bucket a given allocation will go.
67     SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE	!NO_FANCY_MALLOC
68 
69     # Use a perl-defined sbrk() instead of the (presumably broken or
70     # missing) system-supplied sbrk().
71     USE_PERL_SBRK		undef
72 
73     # Use system malloc() (or calloc() etc.) to emulate sbrk(). Normally
74     # only used with broken sbrk()s.
75     PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC	undef
76 
77     # Which allocator to use if PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC
78     SYSTEM_ALLOC(a) 		malloc(a)
79 
80     # Minimal alignment (in bytes, should be a power of 2) of SYSTEM_ALLOC
81     SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT	MEM_ALIGNBYTES
82 
83     # Disable memory overwrite checking with DEBUGGING.  Memory and speed
84     # optimization, error reporting pessimization.
85     NO_RCHECK			undef
86 
87     # Enable memory overwrite checking with DEBUGGING.  Memory and speed
88     # pessimization, error reporting optimization
89     RCHECK			(DEBUGGING && !NO_RCHECK)
90 
91     # Do not overwrite uninit areas with DEBUGGING.  Speed
92     # optimization, error reporting pessimization
93     NO_MFILL			undef
94 
95     # Overwrite uninit areas with DEBUGGING.  Speed
96     # pessimization, error reporting optimization
97     MALLOC_FILL			(DEBUGGING && !NO_RCHECK && !NO_MFILL)
98 
99     # Do not check overwritten uninit areas with DEBUGGING.  Speed
100     # optimization, error reporting pessimization
101     NO_FILL_CHECK		undef
102 
103     # Check overwritten uninit areas with DEBUGGING.  Speed
104     # pessimization, error reporting optimization
105     MALLOC_FILL_CHECK		(DEBUGGING && !NO_RCHECK && !NO_FILL_CHECK)
106 
107     # Failed allocations bigger than this size croak (if
108     # PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK is enabled) without touching $^M.  See
109     # perlvar.pod for a description of $^M.
110     BIG_SIZE			 (1<<16)	# 64K
111 
112     # Starting from this power of two, add an extra page to the
113     # size of the bucket. This enables optimized allocations of sizes
114     # close to powers of 2.  Note that the value is indexed at 0.
115     FIRST_BIG_POW2 		15		# 32K, 16K is used too often
116 
117     # Estimate of minimal memory footprint.  malloc uses this value to
118     # request the most reasonable largest blocks of memory from the system.
119     FIRST_SBRK 			(48*1024)
120 
121     # Round up sbrk()s to multiples of this.
122     MIN_SBRK 			2048
123 
124     # Round up sbrk()s to multiples of this percent of footprint.
125     MIN_SBRK_FRAC 		3
126 
127     # Round up sbrk()s to multiples of this multiple of 1/1000 of footprint.
128     MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 		(10 * MIN_SBRK_FRAC)
129 
130     # Add this much memory to big powers of two to get the bucket size.
131     PERL_PAGESIZE 		4096
132 
133     # This many sbrk() discontinuities should be tolerated even
134     # from the start without deciding that sbrk() is usually
135     # discontinuous.
136     SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES		3
137 
138     # This many continuous sbrk()s compensate for one discontinuous one.
139     SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE		50
140 
141     # Some configurations may ask for 12-byte-or-so allocations which
142     # require 8-byte alignment (?!).  In such situation one needs to
143     # define this to disable 12-byte bucket (will increase memory footprint)
144     STRICT_ALIGNMENT		undef
145 
146     # Do not allow configuration of runtime options at runtime
147     NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG	undef
148 
149     # Do not allow configuration of runtime options via $ENV{PERL_MALLOC_OPT}
150     NO_PERL_MALLOC_ENV		undef
151 
152 	[The variable consists of ;-separated parts of the form CODE=VALUE
153 	 with 1-character codes F, M, f, A, P, G, d, a, c for runtime
154 	 configuration of FIRST_SBRK, MIN_SBRK, MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000,
155 	 SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES, SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE, sbrk_goodness,
156 	 filldead, fillalive, fillcheck.  The last 3 are for DEBUGGING
157 	 build, and allow switching the tests for free()ed memory read,
158 	 uninit memory reads, and free()ed memory write.]
159 
160   This implementation assumes that calling PerlIO_printf() does not
161   result in any memory allocation calls (used during a panic).
162 
163  */
164 
165 
166 #ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_CFG_H
167 #  include "malloc_cfg.h"
168 #endif
169 
170 #ifndef NO_FANCY_MALLOC
171 #  ifndef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
172 #    define SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
173 #  endif
174 #  ifndef BUCKETS_ROOT2
175 #    define BUCKETS_ROOT2
176 #  endif
177 #  ifndef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
178 #    define IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
179 #  endif
180 #endif
181 
182 #ifndef PLAIN_MALLOC			/* Bulk enable features */
183 #  ifndef PACK_MALLOC
184 #      define PACK_MALLOC
185 #  endif
186 #  ifndef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
187 #    define TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
188 #  endif
189 #  ifndef PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK
190 #    define PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK
191 #  endif
192 #  ifndef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
193 #    define DEBUGGING_MSTATS
194 #  endif
195 #endif
196 
197 #define MIN_BUC_POW2 (sizeof(void*) > 4 ? 3 : 2) /* Allow for 4-byte arena. */
198 #define MIN_BUCKET (MIN_BUC_POW2 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
199 
200 #if !(defined(I286) || defined(atarist))
201 	/* take 2k unless the block is bigger than that */
202 #  define LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA 11
203 #else
204 	/* take 16k unless the block is bigger than that
205 	   (80286s like large segments!), probably good on the atari too */
206 #  define LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA 14
207 #endif
208 
209 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(NO_RCHECK)
210 #  define RCHECK
211 #endif
212 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(NO_RCHECK) && !defined(NO_MFILL) && !defined(MALLOC_FILL)
213 #  define MALLOC_FILL
214 #endif
215 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(NO_RCHECK) && !defined(NO_FILL_CHECK) && !defined(MALLOC_FILL_CHECK)
216 #  define MALLOC_FILL_CHECK
217 #endif
218 #if defined(RCHECK) && defined(IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE)
219 #  undef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
220 #endif
221 /*
222  * malloc.c (Caltech) 2/21/82
223  * Chris Kingsley, kingsley@cit-20.
224  *
225  * This is a very fast storage allocator.  It allocates blocks of a small
226  * number of different sizes, and keeps free lists of each size.  Blocks that
227  * don't exactly fit are passed up to the next larger size.  In this
228  * implementation, the available sizes are 2^n-4 (or 2^n-12) bytes long.
229  * If PACK_MALLOC is defined, small blocks are 2^n bytes long.
230  * This is designed for use in a program that uses vast quantities of memory,
231  * but bombs when it runs out.
232  *
233  * Modifications Copyright Ilya Zakharevich 1996-99.
234  *
235  * Still very quick, but much more thrifty.  (Std config is 10% slower
236  * than it was, and takes 67% of old heap size for typical usage.)
237  *
238  * Allocations of small blocks are now table-driven to many different
239  * buckets.  Sizes of really big buckets are increased to accommodate
240  * common size=power-of-2 blocks.  Running-out-of-memory is made into
241  * an exception.  Deeply configurable and thread-safe.
242  *
243  */
244 
245 #include "EXTERN.h"
246 #define PERL_IN_MALLOC_C
247 #include "perl.h"
248 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
249 #    define croak	Perl_croak_nocontext
250 #    define croak2	Perl_croak_nocontext
251 #    define warn	Perl_warn_nocontext
252 #    define warn2	Perl_warn_nocontext
253 #else
254 #    define croak2	croak
255 #    define warn2	warn
256 #endif
257 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
258 #     define PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE	PL_thr_key
259 #else
260 #     define PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE	1
261 #endif
262 
263 #ifndef MUTEX_LOCK
264 #  define MUTEX_LOCK(l)
265 #endif
266 
267 #ifndef MUTEX_UNLOCK
268 #  define MUTEX_UNLOCK(l)
269 #endif
270 
271 #ifndef MALLOC_LOCK
272 #  define MALLOC_LOCK		MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
273 #endif
274 
275 #ifndef MALLOC_UNLOCK
276 #  define MALLOC_UNLOCK		MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
277 #endif
278 
279 #  ifndef fatalcroak				/* make depend */
280 #    define fatalcroak(mess)	(write(2, (mess), strlen(mess)), exit(2))
281 #  endif
282 
283 #ifdef DEBUGGING
284 #  undef DEBUG_m
285 #  define DEBUG_m(a) 							\
286     STMT_START {							\
287 	if (PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE && PERL_GET_THX) {						\
288 	    dTHX;							\
289 	    if (DEBUG_m_TEST) {						\
290 		PL_debug &= ~DEBUG_m_FLAG;				\
291 		a;							\
292 		PL_debug |= DEBUG_m_FLAG;				\
293 	    }								\
294 	}								\
295     } STMT_END
296 #endif
297 
298 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
299 #  define PERL_IS_ALIVE		aTHX
300 #else
301 #  define PERL_IS_ALIVE		TRUE
302 #endif
303 
304 
305 /*
306  * Layout of memory:
307  * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
308  * The memory is broken into "blocks" which occupy multiples of 2K (and
309  * generally speaking, have size "close" to a power of 2).  The addresses
310  * of such *unused* blocks are kept in nextf[i] with big enough i.  (nextf
311  * is an array of linked lists.)  (Addresses of used blocks are not known.)
312  *
313  * Moreover, since the algorithm may try to "bite" smaller blocks out
314  * of unused bigger ones, there are also regions of "irregular" size,
315  * managed separately, by a linked list chunk_chain.
316  *
317  * The third type of storage is the sbrk()ed-but-not-yet-used space, its
318  * end and size are kept in last_sbrk_top and sbrked_remains.
319  *
320  * Growing blocks "in place":
321  * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
322  * The address of the block with the greatest address is kept in last_op
323  * (if not known, last_op is 0).  If it is known that the memory above
324  * last_op is not continuous, or contains a chunk from chunk_chain,
325  * last_op is set to 0.
326  *
327  * The chunk with address last_op may be grown by expanding into
328  * sbrk()ed-but-not-yet-used space, or trying to sbrk() more continuous
329  * memory.
330  *
331  * Management of last_op:
332  * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
333  *
334  * free() never changes the boundaries of blocks, so is not relevant.
335  *
336  * The only way realloc() may change the boundaries of blocks is if it
337  * grows a block "in place".  However, in the case of success such a
338  * chunk is automatically last_op, and it remains last_op.  In the case
339  * of failure getpages_adjacent() clears last_op.
340  *
341  * malloc() may change blocks by calling morecore() only.
342  *
343  * morecore() may create new blocks by:
344  *   a) biting pieces from chunk_chain (cannot create one above last_op);
345  *   b) biting a piece from an unused block (if block was last_op, this
346  *      may create a chunk from chain above last_op, thus last_op is
347  *      invalidated in such a case).
348  *   c) biting of sbrk()ed-but-not-yet-used space.  This creates
349  *      a block which is last_op.
350  *   d) Allocating new pages by calling getpages();
351  *
352  * getpages() creates a new block.  It marks last_op at the bottom of
353  * the chunk of memory it returns.
354  *
355  * Active pages footprint:
356  * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
357  * Note that we do not need to traverse the lists in nextf[i], just take
358  * the first element of this list.  However, we *need* to traverse the
359  * list in chunk_chain, but most the time it should be a very short one,
360  * so we do not step on a lot of pages we are not going to use.
361  *
362  * Flaws:
363  * ~~~~~
364  * get_from_bigger_buckets(): forget to increment price => Quite
365  * aggressive.
366  */
367 
368 /* I don't much care whether these are defined in sys/types.h--LAW */
369 
370 #define u_char unsigned char
371 #define u_int unsigned int
372 /*
373  * I removed the definition of u_bigint which appeared to be u_bigint = UV
374  * u_bigint was only used in TWOK_MASKED and TWOK_SHIFT
375  * where I have used PTR2UV.  RMB
376  */
377 #define u_short unsigned short
378 
379 /* 286 and atarist like big chunks, which gives too much overhead. */
380 #if (defined(RCHECK) || defined(I286) || defined(atarist)) && defined(PACK_MALLOC)
381 #  undef PACK_MALLOC
382 #endif
383 
384 /*
385  * The description below is applicable if PACK_MALLOC is not defined.
386  *
387  * The overhead on a block is at least 4 bytes.  When free, this space
388  * contains a pointer to the next free block, and the bottom two bits must
389  * be zero.  When in use, the first byte is set to MAGIC, and the second
390  * byte is the size index.  The remaining bytes are for alignment.
391  * If range checking is enabled and the size of the block fits
392  * in two bytes, then the top two bytes hold the size of the requested block
393  * plus the range checking words, and the header word MINUS ONE.
394  */
395 union	overhead {
396 	union	overhead *ov_next;	/* when free */
397 #if MEM_ALIGNBYTES > 4
398 	double	strut;			/* alignment problems */
399 #  if MEM_ALIGNBYTES > 8
400 	char	sstrut[MEM_ALIGNBYTES]; /* for the sizing */
401 #  endif
402 #endif
403 	struct {
404 /*
405  * Keep the ovu_index and ovu_magic in this order, having a char
406  * field first gives alignment indigestion in some systems, such as
407  * MachTen.
408  */
409 		u_char	ovu_index;	/* bucket # */
410 		u_char	ovu_magic;	/* magic number */
411 #ifdef RCHECK
412 	    /* Subtract one to fit into u_short for an extra bucket */
413 		u_short	ovu_size;	/* block size (requested + overhead - 1) */
414 		u_int	ovu_rmagic;	/* range magic number */
415 #endif
416 	} ovu;
417 #define	ov_magic	ovu.ovu_magic
418 #define	ov_index	ovu.ovu_index
419 #define	ov_size		ovu.ovu_size
420 #define	ov_rmagic	ovu.ovu_rmagic
421 };
422 
423 #define	MAGIC		0xff		/* magic # on accounting info */
424 #define RMAGIC		0x55555555	/* magic # on range info */
425 #define RMAGIC_C	0x55		/* magic # on range info */
426 
427 #ifdef RCHECK
428 #  define	RMAGIC_SZ	sizeof (u_int) /* Overhead at end of bucket */
429 #  ifdef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
430 #    define MAX_SHORT_BUCKET (12 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) /* size-1 fits in short */
431 #  else
432 #    define MAX_SHORT_BUCKET (13 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
433 #  endif
434 #else
435 #  define	RMAGIC_SZ	0
436 #endif
437 
438 #if !defined(PACK_MALLOC) && defined(BUCKETS_ROOT2)
439 #  undef BUCKETS_ROOT2
440 #endif
441 
442 #ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
443 #  define BUCKET_TABLE_SHIFT 2
444 #  define BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT 1
445 #  define BUCKETS_PER_POW2 2
446 #else
447 #  define BUCKET_TABLE_SHIFT MIN_BUC_POW2
448 #  define BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT 0
449 #  define BUCKETS_PER_POW2 1
450 #endif
451 
452 #if !defined(MEM_ALIGNBYTES) || ((MEM_ALIGNBYTES > 4) && !defined(STRICT_ALIGNMENT))
453 /* Figure out the alignment of void*. */
454 struct aligner {
455   char c;
456   void *p;
457 };
458 #  define ALIGN_SMALL ((int)((caddr_t)&(((struct aligner*)0)->p)))
459 #else
460 #  define ALIGN_SMALL MEM_ALIGNBYTES
461 #endif
462 
463 #define IF_ALIGN_8(yes,no)	((ALIGN_SMALL>4) ? (yes) : (no))
464 
465 #ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
466 #  define MAX_BUCKET_BY_TABLE 13
467 static const u_short buck_size[MAX_BUCKET_BY_TABLE + 1] =
468   {
469       0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 80,
470   };
471 #  define BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i) ((i) % 2 ? buck_size[i] : (1 << ((i) >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)))
472 #  define BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i) ((i) <= MAX_BUCKET_BY_TABLE		\
473 			       ? buck_size[i] 				\
474 			       : ((1 << ((i) >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT))	\
475 				  - MEM_OVERHEAD(i)			\
476 				  + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(i)))
477 #else
478 #  define BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i) (1 << ((i) >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT))
479 #  define BUCKET_SIZE(i) (BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i) + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(i))
480 #  define BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i) (BUCKET_SIZE(i) - MEM_OVERHEAD(i))
481 #endif
482 
483 
484 #ifdef PACK_MALLOC
485 /* In this case there are several possible layout of arenas depending
486  * on the size.  Arenas are of sizes multiple to 2K, 2K-aligned, and
487  * have a size close to a power of 2.
488  *
489  * Arenas of the size >= 4K keep one chunk only.  Arenas of size 2K
490  * may keep one chunk or multiple chunks.  Here are the possible
491  * layouts of arenas:
492  *
493  *	# One chunk only, chunksize 2^k + SOMETHING - ALIGN, k >= 11
494  *
495  * INDEX MAGIC1 UNUSED CHUNK1
496  *
497  *	# Multichunk with sanity checking and chunksize 2^k-ALIGN, k>7
498  *
499  * INDEX MAGIC1 MAGIC2 MAGIC3 UNUSED CHUNK1 CHUNK2 CHUNK3 ...
500  *
501  *	# Multichunk with sanity checking and size 2^k-ALIGN, k=7
502  *
503  * INDEX MAGIC1 MAGIC2 MAGIC3 UNUSED CHUNK1 UNUSED CHUNK2 CHUNK3 ...
504  *
505  *	# Multichunk with sanity checking and size up to 80
506  *
507  * INDEX UNUSED MAGIC1 UNUSED MAGIC2 UNUSED ... CHUNK1 CHUNK2 CHUNK3 ...
508  *
509  *	# No sanity check (usually up to 48=byte-long buckets)
510  * INDEX UNUSED CHUNK1 CHUNK2 ...
511  *
512  * Above INDEX and MAGIC are one-byte-long.  Sizes of UNUSED are
513  * appropriate to keep algorithms simple and memory aligned.  INDEX
514  * encodes the size of the chunk, while MAGICn encodes state (used,
515  * free or non-managed-by-us-so-it-indicates-a-bug) of CHUNKn.  MAGIC
516  * is used for sanity checking purposes only.  SOMETHING is 0 or 4K
517  * (to make size of big CHUNK accommodate allocations for powers of two
518  * better).
519  *
520  * [There is no need to alignment between chunks, since C rules ensure
521  *  that structs which need 2^k alignment have sizeof which is
522  *  divisible by 2^k.  Thus as far as the last chunk is aligned at the
523  *  end of the arena, and 2K-alignment does not contradict things,
524  *  everything is going to be OK for sizes of chunks 2^n and 2^n +
525  *  2^k.  Say, 80-bit buckets will be 16-bit aligned, and as far as we
526  *  put allocations for requests in 65..80 range, all is fine.
527  *
528  *  Note, however, that standard malloc() puts more strict
529  *  requirements than the above C rules.  Moreover, our algorithms of
530  *  realloc() may break this idyll, but we suppose that realloc() does
531  *  need not change alignment.]
532  *
533  * Is very important to make calculation of the offset of MAGICm as
534  * quick as possible, since it is done on each malloc()/free().  In
535  * fact it is so quick that it has quite little effect on the speed of
536  * doing malloc()/free().  [By default] We forego such calculations
537  * for small chunks, but only to save extra 3% of memory, not because
538  * of speed considerations.
539  *
540  * Here is the algorithm [which is the same for all the allocations
541  * schemes above], see OV_MAGIC(block,bucket).  Let OFFSETm be the
542  * offset of the CHUNKm from the start of ARENA.  Then offset of
543  * MAGICm is (OFFSET1 >> SHIFT) + ADDOFFSET.  Here SHIFT and ADDOFFSET
544  * are numbers which depend on the size of the chunks only.
545  *
546  * Let as check some sanity conditions.  Numbers OFFSETm>>SHIFT are
547  * different for all the chunks in the arena if 2^SHIFT is not greater
548  * than size of the chunks in the arena.  MAGIC1 will not overwrite
549  * INDEX provided ADDOFFSET is >0 if OFFSET1 < 2^SHIFT.  MAGIClast
550  * will not overwrite CHUNK1 if OFFSET1 > (OFFSETlast >> SHIFT) +
551  * ADDOFFSET.
552  *
553  * Make SHIFT the maximal possible (there is no point in making it
554  * smaller).  Since OFFSETlast is 2K - CHUNKSIZE, above restrictions
555  * give restrictions on OFFSET1 and on ADDOFFSET.
556  *
557  * In particular, for chunks of size 2^k with k>=6 we can put
558  * ADDOFFSET to be from 0 to 2^k - 2^(11-k), and have
559  * OFFSET1==chunksize.  For chunks of size 80 OFFSET1 of 2K%80=48 is
560  * large enough to have ADDOFFSET between 1 and 16 (similarly for 96,
561  * when ADDOFFSET should be 1).  In particular, keeping MAGICs for
562  * these sizes gives no additional size penalty.
563  *
564  * However, for chunks of size 2^k with k<=5 this gives OFFSET1 >=
565  * ADDOFSET + 2^(11-k).  Keeping ADDOFFSET 0 allows for 2^(11-k)-2^(11-2k)
566  * chunks per arena.  This is smaller than 2^(11-k) - 1 which are
567  * needed if no MAGIC is kept.  [In fact, having a negative ADDOFFSET
568  * would allow for slightly more buckets per arena for k=2,3.]
569  *
570  * Similarly, for chunks of size 3/2*2^k with k<=5 MAGICs would span
571  * the area up to 2^(11-k)+ADDOFFSET.  For k=4 this give optimal
572  * ADDOFFSET as -7..0.  For k=3 ADDOFFSET can go up to 4 (with tiny
573  * savings for negative ADDOFFSET).  For k=5 ADDOFFSET can go -1..16
574  * (with no savings for negative values).
575  *
576  * In particular, keeping ADDOFFSET 0 for sizes of chunks up to 2^6
577  * leads to tiny pessimizations in case of sizes 4, 8, 12, 24, and
578  * leads to no contradictions except for size=80 (or 96.)
579  *
580  * However, it also makes sense to keep no magic for sizes 48 or less.
581  * This is what we do.  In this case one needs ADDOFFSET>=1 also for
582  * chunksizes 12, 24, and 48, unless one gets one less chunk per
583  * arena.
584  *
585  * The algo of OV_MAGIC(block,bucket) keeps ADDOFFSET 0 until
586  * chunksize of 64, then makes it 1.
587  *
588  * This allows for an additional optimization: the above scheme leads
589  * to giant overheads for sizes 128 or more (one whole chunk needs to
590  * be sacrifised to keep INDEX).  Instead we use chunks not of size
591  * 2^k, but of size 2^k-ALIGN.  If we pack these chunks at the end of
592  * the arena, then the beginnings are still in different 2^k-long
593  * sections of the arena if k>=7 for ALIGN==4, and k>=8 if ALIGN=8.
594  * Thus for k>7 the above algo of calculating the offset of the magic
595  * will still give different answers for different chunks.  And to
596  * avoid the overrun of MAGIC1 into INDEX, one needs ADDOFFSET of >=1.
597  * In the case k=7 we just move the first chunk an extra ALIGN
598  * backward inside the ARENA (this is done once per arena lifetime,
599  * thus is not a big overhead).  */
600 #  define MAX_PACKED_POW2 6
601 #  define MAX_PACKED (MAX_PACKED_POW2 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2 + BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)
602 #  define MAX_POW2_ALGO ((1<<(MAX_PACKED_POW2 + 1)) - M_OVERHEAD)
603 #  define TWOK_MASK ((1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) - 1)
604 #  define TWOK_MASKED(x) (PTR2UV(x) & ~TWOK_MASK)
605 #  define TWOK_SHIFT(x) (PTR2UV(x) & TWOK_MASK)
606 #  define OV_INDEXp(block) (INT2PTR(u_char*,TWOK_MASKED(block)))
607 #  define OV_INDEX(block) (*OV_INDEXp(block))
608 #  define OV_MAGIC(block,bucket) (*(OV_INDEXp(block) +			\
609 				    (TWOK_SHIFT(block)>>		\
610 				     (bucket>>BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)) +	\
611 				    (bucket >= MIN_NEEDS_SHIFT ? 1 : 0)))
612     /* A bucket can have a shift smaller than it size, we need to
613        shift its magic number so it will not overwrite index: */
614 #  ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
615 #    define MIN_NEEDS_SHIFT (7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 - 1) /* Shift 80 greater than chunk 64. */
616 #  else
617 #    define MIN_NEEDS_SHIFT (7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) /* Shift 128 greater than chunk 32. */
618 #  endif
619 #  define CHUNK_SHIFT 0
620 
621 /* Number of active buckets of given ordinal. */
622 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
623 #define FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK (6 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) /* 64 */
624 #  define N_BLKS(bucket) ( (bucket) < FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK 		\
625 			 ? ((1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) - 1)/BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket) \
626 			 : n_blks[bucket] )
627 #else
628 #  define N_BLKS(bucket) n_blks[bucket]
629 #endif
630 
631 static const u_short n_blks[LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA * BUCKETS_PER_POW2] =
632   {
633 #  if BUCKETS_PER_POW2==1
634       0, 0,
635       (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 384 : 0),
636       224, 120, 62, 31, 16, 8, 4, 2
637 #  else
638       0, 0, 0, 0,
639       (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 384 : 0), (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 384 : 0),	/* 4, 4 */
640       224, 149, 120, 80, 62, 41, 31, 25, 16, 16, 8, 8, 4, 4, 2, 2
641 #  endif
642   };
643 
644 /* Shift of the first bucket with the given ordinal inside 2K chunk. */
645 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
646 #  define BLK_SHIFT(bucket) ( (bucket) < FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK 	\
647 			      ? ((1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA)			\
648 				 - BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket) * N_BLKS(bucket)) \
649 			      : blk_shift[bucket])
650 #else
651 #  define BLK_SHIFT(bucket) blk_shift[bucket]
652 #endif
653 
654 static const u_short blk_shift[LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA * BUCKETS_PER_POW2] =
655   {
656 #  if BUCKETS_PER_POW2==1
657       0, 0,
658       (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 512 : 0),
659       256, 128, 64, 64,			/* 8 to 64 */
660       16*sizeof(union overhead),
661       8*sizeof(union overhead),
662       4*sizeof(union overhead),
663       2*sizeof(union overhead),
664 #  else
665       0, 0, 0, 0,
666       (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 512 : 0), (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 512 : 0),
667       256, 260, 128, 128, 64, 80, 64, 48, /* 8 to 96 */
668       16*sizeof(union overhead), 16*sizeof(union overhead),
669       8*sizeof(union overhead), 8*sizeof(union overhead),
670       4*sizeof(union overhead), 4*sizeof(union overhead),
671       2*sizeof(union overhead), 2*sizeof(union overhead),
672 #  endif
673   };
674 
675 #  define NEEDED_ALIGNMENT 0x800	/* 2k boundaries */
676 #  define WANTED_ALIGNMENT 0x800	/* 2k boundaries */
677 
678 #else  /* !PACK_MALLOC */
679 
680 #  define OV_MAGIC(block,bucket) (block)->ov_magic
681 #  define OV_INDEX(block) (block)->ov_index
682 #  define CHUNK_SHIFT 1
683 #  define MAX_PACKED -1
684 #  define NEEDED_ALIGNMENT MEM_ALIGNBYTES
685 #  define WANTED_ALIGNMENT 0x400	/* 1k boundaries */
686 
687 #endif /* !PACK_MALLOC */
688 
689 #define M_OVERHEAD (sizeof(union overhead) + RMAGIC_SZ) /* overhead at start+end */
690 
691 #ifdef PACK_MALLOC
692 #  define MEM_OVERHEAD(bucket) \
693   (bucket <= MAX_PACKED ? 0 : M_OVERHEAD)
694 #  ifdef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
695 #    define START_SHIFTS_BUCKET ((MAX_PACKED_POW2 + 1) * BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
696 #    define START_SHIFT MAX_PACKED_POW2
697 #    ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2		/* Chunks of size 3*2^n. */
698 #      define SIZE_TABLE_MAX 80
699 #    else
700 #      define SIZE_TABLE_MAX 64
701 #    endif
702 static const char bucket_of[] =
703   {
704 #    ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2		/* Chunks of size 3*2^n. */
705       /* 0 to 15 in 4-byte increments. */
706       (sizeof(void*) > 4 ? 6 : 5),	/* 4/8, 5-th bucket for better reports */
707       6,				/* 8 */
708       IF_ALIGN_8(8,7), 8,		/* 16/12, 16 */
709       9, 9, 10, 10,			/* 24, 32 */
710       11, 11, 11, 11,			/* 48 */
711       12, 12, 12, 12,			/* 64 */
712       13, 13, 13, 13,			/* 80 */
713       13, 13, 13, 13			/* 80 */
714 #    else /* !BUCKETS_ROOT2 */
715       /* 0 to 15 in 4-byte increments. */
716       (sizeof(void*) > 4 ? 3 : 2),
717       3,
718       4, 4,
719       5, 5, 5, 5,
720       6, 6, 6, 6,
721       6, 6, 6, 6
722 #    endif /* !BUCKETS_ROOT2 */
723   };
724 #  else  /* !SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE */
725 #    define START_SHIFTS_BUCKET MIN_BUCKET
726 #    define START_SHIFT (MIN_BUC_POW2 - 1)
727 #  endif /* !SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE */
728 #else  /* !PACK_MALLOC */
729 #  define MEM_OVERHEAD(bucket) M_OVERHEAD
730 #  ifdef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
731 #    undef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
732 #  endif
733 #  define START_SHIFTS_BUCKET MIN_BUCKET
734 #  define START_SHIFT (MIN_BUC_POW2 - 1)
735 #endif /* !PACK_MALLOC */
736 
737 /*
738  * Big allocations are often of the size 2^n bytes. To make them a
739  * little bit better, make blocks of size 2^n+pagesize for big n.
740  */
741 
742 #ifdef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
743 
744 #  ifndef PERL_PAGESIZE
745 #    define PERL_PAGESIZE 4096
746 #  endif
747 #  ifndef FIRST_BIG_POW2
748 #    define FIRST_BIG_POW2 15	/* 32K, 16K is used too often. */
749 #  endif
750 #  define FIRST_BIG_BLOCK (1<<FIRST_BIG_POW2)
751 /* If this value or more, check against bigger blocks. */
752 #  define FIRST_BIG_BOUND (FIRST_BIG_BLOCK - M_OVERHEAD)
753 /* If less than this value, goes into 2^n-overhead-block. */
754 #  define LAST_SMALL_BOUND ((FIRST_BIG_BLOCK>>1) - M_OVERHEAD)
755 
756 #  define POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(nbytes)				\
757    ((nbytes >= FIRST_BIG_BOUND) ? nbytes -= PERL_PAGESIZE : 0)
758 #  define POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket)				\
759    ((bucket >= FIRST_BIG_POW2 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? PERL_PAGESIZE : 0)
760 
761 #else  /* !TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE */
762 #  define POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(nbytes)
763 #  define POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket) 0
764 #endif /* !TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE */
765 
766 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
767 #  define BARK_64K_LIMIT(what,nbytes,size)				\
768 	if (nbytes > 0xffff) {						\
769 		PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),				\
770 			      "%s too large: %lx\n", what, size);	\
771 		my_exit(1);						\
772 	}
773 #else /* !HAS_64K_LIMIT */
774 #  define BARK_64K_LIMIT(what,nbytes,size)
775 #endif /* !HAS_64K_LIMIT */
776 
777 #ifndef MIN_SBRK
778 #  define MIN_SBRK 2048
779 #endif
780 
781 #ifndef FIRST_SBRK
782 #  define FIRST_SBRK (48*1024)
783 #endif
784 
785 /* Minimal sbrk in percents of what is already alloced. */
786 #ifndef MIN_SBRK_FRAC
787 #  define MIN_SBRK_FRAC 3
788 #endif
789 
790 #ifndef SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES
791 #  define SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES 3
792 #endif
793 
794 #ifndef SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE
795 #  define SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE 50
796 #endif
797 
798 static void	morecore	(register int bucket);
799 #  if defined(DEBUGGING)
800 static void	botch		(const char *diag, const char *s, const char *file, int line);
801 #  endif
802 static void	add_to_chain	(void *p, MEM_SIZE size, MEM_SIZE chip);
803 static void*	get_from_chain	(MEM_SIZE size);
804 static void*	get_from_bigger_buckets(int bucket, MEM_SIZE size);
805 static union overhead *getpages	(MEM_SIZE needed, int *nblksp, int bucket);
806 static int	getpages_adjacent(MEM_SIZE require);
807 
808 #ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
809 #  undef  MUTEX_LOCK
810 #  define MUTEX_LOCK(m)   STMT_START { if (*m) mutex_lock(*m);   } STMT_END
811 #  undef  MUTEX_UNLOCK
812 #  define MUTEX_UNLOCK(m) STMT_START { if (*m) mutex_unlock(*m); } STMT_END
813 #endif
814 
815 #ifndef PTRSIZE
816 #  define PTRSIZE	sizeof(void*)
817 #endif
818 
819 #ifndef BITS_IN_PTR
820 #  define BITS_IN_PTR (8*PTRSIZE)
821 #endif
822 
823 /*
824  * nextf[i] is the pointer to the next free block of size 2^i.  The
825  * smallest allocatable block is 8 bytes.  The overhead information
826  * precedes the data area returned to the user.
827  */
828 #define	NBUCKETS (BITS_IN_PTR*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 + 1)
829 static	union overhead *nextf[NBUCKETS];
830 
831 #if defined(PURIFY) && !defined(USE_PERL_SBRK)
832 #  define USE_PERL_SBRK
833 #endif
834 
835 #ifdef USE_PERL_SBRK
836 # define sbrk(a) Perl_sbrk(a)
837 Malloc_t Perl_sbrk (int size);
838 #else
839 # ifndef HAS_SBRK_PROTO /* <unistd.h> usually takes care of this */
840 extern	Malloc_t sbrk(int);
841 # endif
842 #endif
843 
844 #ifndef MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000	/* Backward compatibility */
845 #  define MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000	(MIN_SBRK_FRAC * 10)
846 #endif
847 
848 #ifndef START_EXTERN_C
849 #  ifdef __cplusplus
850 #    define START_EXTERN_C	extern "C" {
851 #  else
852 #    define START_EXTERN_C
853 #  endif
854 #endif
855 
856 #ifndef END_EXTERN_C
857 #  ifdef __cplusplus
858 #    define END_EXTERN_C		};
859 #  else
860 #    define END_EXTERN_C
861 #  endif
862 #endif
863 
864 #include "malloc_ctl.h"
865 
866 #ifndef NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG
867 #  define PERL_MALLOC_OPT_CHARS "FMfAPGdac"
868 
869 #  ifndef FILL_DEAD_DEFAULT
870 #    define FILL_DEAD_DEFAULT	1
871 #  endif
872 #  ifndef FILL_ALIVE_DEFAULT
873 #    define FILL_ALIVE_DEFAULT	1
874 #  endif
875 #  ifndef FILL_CHECK_DEFAULT
876 #    define FILL_CHECK_DEFAULT	1
877 #  endif
878 
879 static IV MallocCfg[MallocCfg_last] = {
880   FIRST_SBRK,
881   MIN_SBRK,
882   MIN_SBRK_FRAC,
883   SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES,
884   SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE,
885   SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES * SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE,	/* sbrk_goodness */
886   FILL_DEAD_DEFAULT,	/* FILL_DEAD */
887   FILL_ALIVE_DEFAULT,	/* FILL_ALIVE */
888   FILL_CHECK_DEFAULT,	/* FILL_CHECK */
889   0,			/* MallocCfg_skip_cfg_env */
890   0,			/* MallocCfg_cfg_env_read */
891   0,			/* MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_size */
892   0,			/* MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size */
893   0			/* MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_last_req */
894 };
895 IV *MallocCfg_ptr = MallocCfg;
896 
897 static char* MallocCfgP[MallocCfg_last] = {
898   0,			/* MallocCfgP_emergency_buffer */
899   0,			/* MallocCfgP_emergency_buffer_prepared */
900 };
901 char **MallocCfgP_ptr = MallocCfgP;
902 
903 #  undef MIN_SBRK
904 #  undef FIRST_SBRK
905 #  undef MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000
906 #  undef SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES
907 #  undef SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE
908 
909 #  define MIN_SBRK		MallocCfg[MallocCfg_MIN_SBRK]
910 #  define FIRST_SBRK		MallocCfg[MallocCfg_FIRST_SBRK]
911 #  define MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000	MallocCfg[MallocCfg_MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000]
912 #  define SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES	MallocCfg[MallocCfg_SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES]
913 #  define SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE	MallocCfg[MallocCfg_SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE]
914 
915 #  define sbrk_goodness		MallocCfg[MallocCfg_sbrk_goodness]
916 
917 #  define emergency_buffer_size	MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_size]
918 #  define emergency_buffer_last_req	MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_last_req]
919 
920 #  define FILL_DEAD		MallocCfg[MallocCfg_filldead]
921 #  define FILL_ALIVE		MallocCfg[MallocCfg_fillalive]
922 #  define FILL_CHECK_CFG	MallocCfg[MallocCfg_fillcheck]
923 #  define FILL_CHECK		(FILL_DEAD && FILL_CHECK_CFG)
924 
925 #  define emergency_buffer	MallocCfgP[MallocCfgP_emergency_buffer]
926 #  define emergency_buffer_prepared	MallocCfgP[MallocCfgP_emergency_buffer_prepared]
927 
928 #else	/* defined(NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG) */
929 
930 #  define FILL_DEAD	1
931 #  define FILL_ALIVE	1
932 #  define FILL_CHECK	1
933 static int sbrk_goodness = SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES * SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE;
934 
935 #  define NO_PERL_MALLOC_ENV
936 
937 #endif
938 
939 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
940 /*
941  * nmalloc[i] is the difference between the number of mallocs and frees
942  * for a given block size.
943  */
944 static	u_int nmalloc[NBUCKETS];
945 static  u_int sbrk_slack;
946 static  u_int start_slack;
947 #else	/* !( defined DEBUGGING_MSTATS ) */
948 #  define sbrk_slack	0
949 #endif
950 
951 static	u_int goodsbrk;
952 
953 #ifdef PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK
954 
955 #  ifndef BIG_SIZE
956 #    define BIG_SIZE (1<<16)		/* 64K */
957 #  endif
958 
959 #  ifdef NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG
960 static MEM_SIZE emergency_buffer_size;
961 	/* 0 if the last request for more memory succeeded.
962 	   Otherwise the size of the failing request. */
963 static MEM_SIZE emergency_buffer_last_req;
964 static char *emergency_buffer;
965 static char *emergency_buffer_prepared;
966 #  endif
967 
968 #  ifndef emergency_sbrk_croak
969 #    define emergency_sbrk_croak	croak2
970 #  endif
971 
972 static char *
973 perl_get_emergency_buffer(IV *size)
974 {
975     dTHX;
976     /* First offense, give a possibility to recover by dieing. */
977     /* No malloc involved here: */
978     SV *sv;
979     char *pv;
980     GV **gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "^M", FALSE);
981 
982     if (!gvp) gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "\015", FALSE);
983     if (!gvp || !(sv = GvSV(*gvp)) || !SvPOK(sv)
984         || (SvLEN(sv) < (1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) - M_OVERHEAD))
985         return NULL;		/* Now die die die... */
986     /* Got it, now detach SvPV: */
987     pv = SvPV_nolen(sv);
988     /* Check alignment: */
989     if ((PTR2UV(pv) - sizeof(union overhead)) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1)) {
990         PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Bad alignment of $^M!\n");
991         return NULL;		/* die die die */
992     }
993 
994     SvPOK_off(sv);
995     SvPV_set(sv, NULL);
996     SvCUR_set(sv, 0);
997     SvLEN_set(sv, 0);
998     *size = malloced_size(pv) + M_OVERHEAD;
999     return pv - sizeof(union overhead);
1000 }
1001 #  define PERL_GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p)	perl_get_emergency_buffer(p)
1002 
1003 #  ifndef NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG
1004 static char *
1005 get_emergency_buffer(IV *size)
1006 {
1007     char *pv = emergency_buffer_prepared;
1008 
1009     *size = MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size];
1010     emergency_buffer_prepared = 0;
1011     MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size] = 0;
1012     return pv;
1013 }
1014 
1015 /* Returns 0 on success, -1 on bad alignment, -2 if not implemented */
1016 int
1017 set_emergency_buffer(char *b, IV size)
1018 {
1019     if (PTR2UV(b) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1))
1020 	return -1;
1021     if (MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size])
1022 	add_to_chain((void*)emergency_buffer_prepared,
1023 		     MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size], 0);
1024     emergency_buffer_prepared = b;
1025     MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size] = size;
1026     return 0;
1027 }
1028 #    define GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p)	get_emergency_buffer(p)
1029 #  else		/* NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG */
1030 #    define GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p)	NULL
1031 int
1032 set_emergency_buffer(char *b, IV size)
1033 {
1034     return -1;
1035 }
1036 #  endif
1037 
1038 static Malloc_t
1039 emergency_sbrk(MEM_SIZE size)
1040 {
1041     MEM_SIZE rsize = (((size - 1)>>LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) + 1)<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA;
1042 
1043     if (size >= BIG_SIZE
1044 	&& (!emergency_buffer_last_req ||
1045 	    (size < (MEM_SIZE)emergency_buffer_last_req))) {
1046 	/* Give the possibility to recover, but avoid an infinite cycle. */
1047 	MALLOC_UNLOCK;
1048 	emergency_buffer_last_req = size;
1049 	emergency_sbrk_croak("Out of memory during \"large\" request for %"UVuf" bytes, total sbrk() is %"UVuf" bytes", (UV)size, (UV)(goodsbrk + sbrk_slack));
1050     }
1051 
1052     if ((MEM_SIZE)emergency_buffer_size >= rsize) {
1053 	char *old = emergency_buffer;
1054 
1055 	emergency_buffer_size -= rsize;
1056 	emergency_buffer += rsize;
1057 	return old;
1058     } else {
1059 	/* First offense, give a possibility to recover by dieing. */
1060 	/* No malloc involved here: */
1061 	IV Size;
1062 	char *pv = GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(&Size);
1063 	int have = 0;
1064 
1065 	if (emergency_buffer_size) {
1066 	    add_to_chain(emergency_buffer, emergency_buffer_size, 0);
1067 	    emergency_buffer_size = 0;
1068 	    emergency_buffer = NULL;
1069 	    have = 1;
1070 	}
1071 
1072 	if (!pv)
1073 	    pv = PERL_GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(&Size);
1074 	if (!pv) {
1075 	    if (have)
1076 		goto do_croak;
1077 	    return (char *)-1;		/* Now die die die... */
1078 	}
1079 
1080 	/* Check alignment: */
1081 	if (PTR2UV(pv) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1)) {
1082 	    dTHX;
1083 
1084 	    PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Bad alignment of $^M!\n");
1085 	    return (char *)-1;		/* die die die */
1086 	}
1087 
1088 	emergency_buffer = pv;
1089 	emergency_buffer_size = Size;
1090     }
1091   do_croak:
1092     MALLOC_UNLOCK;
1093     emergency_sbrk_croak("Out of memory during request for %"UVuf" bytes, total sbrk() is %"UVuf" bytes", (UV)size, (UV)(goodsbrk + sbrk_slack));
1094     /* NOTREACHED */
1095     return NULL;
1096 }
1097 
1098 #else /*  !defined(PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK) */
1099 #  define emergency_sbrk(size)	-1
1100 #endif	/* defined PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK */
1101 
1102 static void
1103 write2(const char *mess)
1104 {
1105   write(2, mess, strlen(mess));
1106 }
1107 
1108 #ifdef DEBUGGING
1109 #undef ASSERT
1110 #define	ASSERT(p,diag)   if (!(p)) botch(diag,STRINGIFY(p),__FILE__,__LINE__);
1111 
1112 static void
1113 botch(const char *diag, const char *s, const char *file, int line)
1114 {
1115     dVAR;
1116     dTHX;
1117     if (!(PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE && PERL_GET_THX))
1118 	goto do_write;
1119     else {
1120 	if (PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
1121 			  "assertion botched (%s?): %s %s:%d\n",
1122 			  diag, s, file, line) != 0) {
1123 	 do_write:		/* Can be initializing interpreter */
1124 	    write2("assertion botched (");
1125 	    write2(diag);
1126 	    write2("?): ");
1127 	    write2(s);
1128 	    write2(" (");
1129 	    write2(file);
1130 	    write2(":");
1131 	    {
1132 	      char linebuf[10];
1133 	      char *s = linebuf + sizeof(linebuf) - 1;
1134 	      int n = line;
1135 	      *s = 0;
1136 	      do {
1137 		*--s = '0' + (n % 10);
1138 	      } while (n /= 10);
1139 	      write2(s);
1140 	    }
1141 	    write2(")\n");
1142 	}
1143 	PerlProc_abort();
1144     }
1145 }
1146 #else
1147 #define	ASSERT(p, diag)
1148 #endif
1149 
1150 #ifdef MALLOC_FILL
1151 /* Fill should be long enough to cover long */
1152 static void
1153 fill_pat_4bytes(unsigned char *s, size_t nbytes, const unsigned char *fill)
1154 {
1155     unsigned char *e = s + nbytes;
1156     long *lp;
1157     const long lfill = *(long*)fill;
1158 
1159     if (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1)) {		/* Align the pattern */
1160 	int shift = sizeof(long) - (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1));
1161 	unsigned const char *f = fill + sizeof(long) - shift;
1162 	unsigned char *e1 = s + shift;
1163 
1164 	while (s < e1)
1165 	    *s++ = *f++;
1166     }
1167     lp = (long*)s;
1168     while ((unsigned char*)(lp + 1) <= e)
1169 	*lp++ = lfill;
1170     s = (unsigned char*)lp;
1171     while (s < e)
1172 	*s++ = *fill++;
1173 }
1174 /* Just malloc()ed */
1175 static const unsigned char fill_feedadad[] =
1176  {0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD, 0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD,
1177   0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD, 0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD};
1178 /* Just free()ed */
1179 static const unsigned char fill_deadbeef[] =
1180  {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF,
1181   0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF};
1182 #  define FILL_DEADBEEF(s, n)	\
1183 	(void)(FILL_DEAD?  (fill_pat_4bytes((s), (n), fill_deadbeef), 0) : 0)
1184 #  define FILL_FEEDADAD(s, n)	\
1185 	(void)(FILL_ALIVE? (fill_pat_4bytes((s), (n), fill_feedadad), 0) : 0)
1186 #else
1187 #  define FILL_DEADBEEF(s, n)	((void)0)
1188 #  define FILL_FEEDADAD(s, n)	((void)0)
1189 #  undef MALLOC_FILL_CHECK
1190 #endif
1191 
1192 #ifdef MALLOC_FILL_CHECK
1193 static int
1194 cmp_pat_4bytes(unsigned char *s, size_t nbytes, const unsigned char *fill)
1195 {
1196     unsigned char *e = s + nbytes;
1197     long *lp;
1198     const long lfill = *(long*)fill;
1199 
1200     if (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1)) {		/* Align the pattern */
1201 	int shift = sizeof(long) - (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1));
1202 	unsigned const char *f = fill + sizeof(long) - shift;
1203 	unsigned char *e1 = s + shift;
1204 
1205 	while (s < e1)
1206 	    if (*s++ != *f++)
1207 		return 1;
1208     }
1209     lp = (long*)s;
1210     while ((unsigned char*)(lp + 1) <= e)
1211 	if (*lp++ != lfill)
1212 	    return 1;
1213     s = (unsigned char*)lp;
1214     while (s < e)
1215 	if (*s++ != *fill++)
1216 	    return 1;
1217     return 0;
1218 }
1219 #  define FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF(s, n)					\
1220 	ASSERT(!FILL_CHECK || !cmp_pat_4bytes(s, n, fill_deadbeef),	\
1221 	       "free()ed/realloc()ed-away memory was overwritten")
1222 #else
1223 #  define FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF(s, n)	((void)0)
1224 #endif
1225 
1226 int
1227 S_ajust_size_and_find_bucket(size_t *nbytes_p)
1228 {
1229   	MEM_SIZE shiftr;
1230 	int bucket;
1231 	size_t nbytes = *nbytes_p;
1232 
1233 	/*
1234 	 * Convert amount of memory requested into
1235 	 * closest block size stored in hash buckets
1236 	 * which satisfies request.  Account for
1237 	 * space used per block for accounting.
1238 	 */
1239 #ifdef PACK_MALLOC
1240 #  ifdef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
1241 	if (nbytes == 0)
1242 	    bucket = MIN_BUCKET;
1243 	else if (nbytes <= SIZE_TABLE_MAX) {
1244 	    bucket = bucket_of[(nbytes - 1) >> BUCKET_TABLE_SHIFT];
1245 	} else
1246 #  else
1247 	if (nbytes == 0)
1248 	    nbytes = 1;
1249 	if (nbytes <= MAX_POW2_ALGO) goto do_shifts;
1250 	else
1251 #  endif
1252 #endif
1253 	{
1254 	    POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(nbytes);
1255 	    nbytes += M_OVERHEAD;
1256 	    nbytes = (nbytes + 3) &~ 3;
1257 #if defined(PACK_MALLOC) && !defined(SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE)
1258 	  do_shifts:
1259 #endif
1260 	    shiftr = (nbytes - 1) >> START_SHIFT;
1261 	    bucket = START_SHIFTS_BUCKET;
1262 	    /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */
1263 	    while (shiftr >>= 1)
1264   		bucket += BUCKETS_PER_POW2;
1265 	}
1266 	*nbytes_p = nbytes;
1267 	return bucket;
1268 }
1269 
1270 Malloc_t
1271 Perl_malloc(size_t nbytes)
1272 {
1273         dVAR;
1274   	register union overhead *p;
1275   	register int bucket;
1276 
1277 #if defined(DEBUGGING) || defined(RCHECK)
1278 	MEM_SIZE size = nbytes;
1279 #endif
1280 
1281 	BARK_64K_LIMIT("Allocation",nbytes,nbytes);
1282 #ifdef DEBUGGING
1283 	if ((long)nbytes < 0)
1284 	    croak("%s", "panic: malloc");
1285 #endif
1286 
1287 	bucket = S_ajust_size_and_find_bucket(&nbytes);
1288 	MALLOC_LOCK;
1289 	/*
1290 	 * If nothing in hash bucket right now,
1291 	 * request more memory from the system.
1292 	 */
1293   	if (nextf[bucket] == NULL)
1294   		morecore(bucket);
1295   	if ((p = nextf[bucket]) == NULL) {
1296 		MALLOC_UNLOCK;
1297 		{
1298 		    dTHX;
1299 		    if (!PL_nomemok) {
1300 #if defined(PLAIN_MALLOC) && defined(NO_FANCY_MALLOC)
1301 		        PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Out of memory!\n");
1302 #else
1303 			char buff[80];
1304 			char *eb = buff + sizeof(buff) - 1;
1305 			char *s = eb;
1306 			size_t n = nbytes;
1307 
1308 			PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Out of memory during request for ");
1309 #if defined(DEBUGGING) || defined(RCHECK)
1310 			n = size;
1311 #endif
1312 			*s = 0;
1313 			do {
1314 			    *--s = '0' + (n % 10);
1315 			} while (n /= 10);
1316 			PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),s);
1317 			PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr()," bytes, total sbrk() is ");
1318 			s = eb;
1319 			n = goodsbrk + sbrk_slack;
1320 			do {
1321 			    *--s = '0' + (n % 10);
1322 			} while (n /= 10);
1323 			PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),s);
1324 			PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr()," bytes!\n");
1325 #endif /* defined(PLAIN_MALLOC) && defined(NO_FANCY_MALLOC) */
1326 			my_exit(1);
1327 		    }
1328 		}
1329   		return (NULL);
1330 	}
1331 
1332 	/* remove from linked list */
1333 #ifdef DEBUGGING
1334 	if ( (PTR2UV(p) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))
1335 						/* Can't get this low */
1336 	     || (p && PTR2UV(p) < (1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA)) ) {
1337 	    dTHX;
1338 	    PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
1339 			  "Unaligned pointer in the free chain 0x%"UVxf"\n",
1340 			  PTR2UV(p));
1341 	}
1342 	if ( (PTR2UV(p->ov_next) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))
1343 	     || (p->ov_next && PTR2UV(p->ov_next) < (1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA)) ) {
1344 	    dTHX;
1345 	    PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
1346 			  "Unaligned \"next\" pointer in the free "
1347 			  "chain 0x%"UVxf" at 0x%"UVxf"\n",
1348 			  PTR2UV(p->ov_next), PTR2UV(p));
1349 	}
1350 #endif
1351   	nextf[bucket] = p->ov_next;
1352 
1353 	MALLOC_UNLOCK;
1354 
1355 	DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1356 			      "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) malloc %ld bytes\n",
1357 			      PTR2UV((Malloc_t)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT)), (unsigned long)(PL_an++),
1358 			      (long)size));
1359 
1360 	FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT),
1361 			   BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket) + RMAGIC_SZ);
1362 
1363 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
1364 	if (bucket >= FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK)
1365 #endif
1366 	    OV_MAGIC(p, bucket) = MAGIC;
1367 #ifndef PACK_MALLOC
1368 	OV_INDEX(p) = bucket;
1369 #endif
1370 #ifdef RCHECK
1371 	/*
1372 	 * Record allocated size of block and
1373 	 * bound space with magic numbers.
1374 	 */
1375 	p->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC;
1376 	if (bucket <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
1377 	    int i;
1378 
1379 	    nbytes = size + M_OVERHEAD;
1380 	    p->ov_size = nbytes - 1;
1381 	    if ((i = nbytes & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
1382 		i = RMAGIC_SZ - i;
1383 		while (i--) /* nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
1384 		    ((caddr_t)p + nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ)[i] = RMAGIC_C;
1385 	    }
1386 	    /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
1387 	    nbytes = (nbytes + RMAGIC_SZ - 1) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ - 1);
1388 	    ((u_int *)((caddr_t)p + nbytes))[-1] = RMAGIC;
1389 	}
1390 	FILL_FEEDADAD((unsigned char *)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT), size);
1391 #endif
1392   	return ((Malloc_t)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT));
1393 }
1394 
1395 static char *last_sbrk_top;
1396 static char *last_op;			/* This arena can be easily extended. */
1397 static MEM_SIZE sbrked_remains;
1398 
1399 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1400 static int sbrks;
1401 #endif
1402 
1403 struct chunk_chain_s {
1404     struct chunk_chain_s *next;
1405     MEM_SIZE size;
1406 };
1407 static struct chunk_chain_s *chunk_chain;
1408 static int n_chunks;
1409 static char max_bucket;
1410 
1411 /* Cutoff a piece of one of the chunks in the chain.  Prefer smaller chunk. */
1412 static void *
1413 get_from_chain(MEM_SIZE size)
1414 {
1415     struct chunk_chain_s *elt = chunk_chain, **oldp = &chunk_chain;
1416     struct chunk_chain_s **oldgoodp = NULL;
1417     long min_remain = LONG_MAX;
1418 
1419     while (elt) {
1420 	if (elt->size >= size) {
1421 	    long remains = elt->size - size;
1422 	    if (remains >= 0 && remains < min_remain) {
1423 		oldgoodp = oldp;
1424 		min_remain = remains;
1425 	    }
1426 	    if (remains == 0) {
1427 		break;
1428 	    }
1429 	}
1430 	oldp = &( elt->next );
1431 	elt = elt->next;
1432     }
1433     if (!oldgoodp) return NULL;
1434     if (min_remain) {
1435 	void *ret = *oldgoodp;
1436 	struct chunk_chain_s *next = (*oldgoodp)->next;
1437 
1438 	*oldgoodp = (struct chunk_chain_s *)((char*)ret + size);
1439 	(*oldgoodp)->size = min_remain;
1440 	(*oldgoodp)->next = next;
1441 	return ret;
1442     } else {
1443 	void *ret = *oldgoodp;
1444 	*oldgoodp = (*oldgoodp)->next;
1445 	n_chunks--;
1446 	return ret;
1447     }
1448 }
1449 
1450 static void
1451 add_to_chain(void *p, MEM_SIZE size, MEM_SIZE chip)
1452 {
1453     struct chunk_chain_s *next = chunk_chain;
1454     char *cp = (char*)p;
1455 
1456     cp += chip;
1457     chunk_chain = (struct chunk_chain_s *)cp;
1458     chunk_chain->size = size - chip;
1459     chunk_chain->next = next;
1460     n_chunks++;
1461 }
1462 
1463 static void *
1464 get_from_bigger_buckets(int bucket, MEM_SIZE size)
1465 {
1466     int price = 1;
1467     static int bucketprice[NBUCKETS];
1468     while (bucket <= max_bucket) {
1469 	/* We postpone stealing from bigger buckets until we want it
1470 	   often enough. */
1471 	if (nextf[bucket] && bucketprice[bucket]++ >= price) {
1472 	    /* Steal it! */
1473 	    void *ret = (void*)(nextf[bucket] - 1 + CHUNK_SHIFT);
1474 	    bucketprice[bucket] = 0;
1475 	    if (((char*)nextf[bucket]) - M_OVERHEAD == last_op) {
1476 		last_op = NULL;		/* Disable optimization */
1477 	    }
1478 	    nextf[bucket] = nextf[bucket]->ov_next;
1479 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1480 	    nmalloc[bucket]--;
1481 	    start_slack -= M_OVERHEAD;
1482 #endif
1483 	    add_to_chain(ret, (BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket) +
1484 			       POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket)),
1485 			 size);
1486 	    return ret;
1487 	}
1488 	bucket++;
1489     }
1490     return NULL;
1491 }
1492 
1493 static union overhead *
1494 getpages(MEM_SIZE needed, int *nblksp, int bucket)
1495 {
1496     dVAR;
1497     /* Need to do (possibly expensive) system call. Try to
1498        optimize it for rare calling. */
1499     MEM_SIZE require = needed - sbrked_remains;
1500     char *cp;
1501     union overhead *ovp;
1502     MEM_SIZE slack = 0;
1503 
1504     if (sbrk_goodness > 0) {
1505 	if (!last_sbrk_top && require < (MEM_SIZE)FIRST_SBRK)
1506 	    require = FIRST_SBRK;
1507 	else if (require < (MEM_SIZE)MIN_SBRK) require = MIN_SBRK;
1508 
1509 	if (require < goodsbrk * MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 / 1000)
1510 	    require = goodsbrk * MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 / 1000;
1511 	require = ((require - 1 + MIN_SBRK) / MIN_SBRK) * MIN_SBRK;
1512     } else {
1513 	require = needed;
1514 	last_sbrk_top = 0;
1515 	sbrked_remains = 0;
1516     }
1517 
1518     DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1519 			  "sbrk(%ld) for %ld-byte-long arena\n",
1520 			  (long)require, (long) needed));
1521     cp = (char *)sbrk(require);
1522 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1523     sbrks++;
1524 #endif
1525     if (cp == last_sbrk_top) {
1526 	/* Common case, anything is fine. */
1527 	sbrk_goodness++;
1528 	ovp = (union overhead *) (cp - sbrked_remains);
1529 	last_op = cp - sbrked_remains;
1530 	sbrked_remains = require - (needed - sbrked_remains);
1531     } else if (cp == (char *)-1) { /* no more room! */
1532 	ovp = (union overhead *)emergency_sbrk(needed);
1533 	if (ovp == (union overhead *)-1)
1534 	    return 0;
1535 	if (((char*)ovp) > last_op) {	/* Cannot happen with current emergency_sbrk() */
1536 	    last_op = 0;
1537 	}
1538 	return ovp;
1539     } else {			/* Non-continuous or first sbrk(). */
1540 	long add = sbrked_remains;
1541 	char *newcp;
1542 
1543 	if (sbrked_remains) {	/* Put rest into chain, we
1544 				   cannot use it right now. */
1545 	    add_to_chain((void*)(last_sbrk_top - sbrked_remains),
1546 			 sbrked_remains, 0);
1547 	}
1548 
1549 	/* Second, check alignment. */
1550 	slack = 0;
1551 
1552 #if !defined(atarist) /* on the atari we dont have to worry about this */
1553 #  ifndef I286 	/* The sbrk(0) call on the I286 always returns the next segment */
1554 	/* WANTED_ALIGNMENT may be more than NEEDED_ALIGNMENT, but this may
1555 	   improve performance of memory access. */
1556 	if (PTR2UV(cp) & (WANTED_ALIGNMENT - 1)) { /* Not aligned. */
1557 	    slack = WANTED_ALIGNMENT - (PTR2UV(cp) & (WANTED_ALIGNMENT - 1));
1558 	    add += slack;
1559 	}
1560 #  endif
1561 #endif /* !atarist */
1562 
1563 	if (add) {
1564 	    DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1565 				  "sbrk(%ld) to fix non-continuous/off-page sbrk:\n\t%ld for alignement,\t%ld were assumed to come from the tail of the previous sbrk\n",
1566 				  (long)add, (long) slack,
1567 				  (long) sbrked_remains));
1568 	    newcp = (char *)sbrk(add);
1569 #if defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
1570 	    sbrks++;
1571 	    sbrk_slack += add;
1572 #endif
1573 	    if (newcp != cp + require) {
1574 		/* Too bad: even rounding sbrk() is not continuous.*/
1575 		DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1576 				      "failed to fix bad sbrk()\n"));
1577 #ifdef PACK_MALLOC
1578 		if (slack) {
1579 		    MALLOC_UNLOCK;
1580 		    fatalcroak("panic: Off-page sbrk\n");
1581 		}
1582 #endif
1583 		if (sbrked_remains) {
1584 		    /* Try again. */
1585 #if defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
1586 		    sbrk_slack += require;
1587 #endif
1588 		    require = needed;
1589 		    DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1590 					  "straight sbrk(%ld)\n",
1591 					  (long)require));
1592 		    cp = (char *)sbrk(require);
1593 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1594 		    sbrks++;
1595 #endif
1596 		    if (cp == (char *)-1)
1597 			return 0;
1598 		}
1599 		sbrk_goodness = -1;	/* Disable optimization!
1600 				   Continue with not-aligned... */
1601 	    } else {
1602 		cp += slack;
1603 		require += sbrked_remains;
1604 	    }
1605 	}
1606 
1607 	if (last_sbrk_top) {
1608 	    sbrk_goodness -= SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE;
1609 	}
1610 
1611 	ovp = (union overhead *) cp;
1612 	/*
1613 	 * Round up to minimum allocation size boundary
1614 	 * and deduct from block count to reflect.
1615 	 */
1616 
1617 #  if NEEDED_ALIGNMENT > MEM_ALIGNBYTES
1618 	if (PTR2UV(ovp) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1))
1619 	    fatalcroak("Misalignment of sbrk()\n");
1620 	else
1621 #  endif
1622 #ifndef I286	/* Again, this should always be ok on an 80286 */
1623 	if (PTR2UV(ovp) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1)) {
1624 	    DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1625 				  "fixing sbrk(): %d bytes off machine alignment\n",
1626 				  (int)(PTR2UV(ovp) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))));
1627 	    ovp = INT2PTR(union overhead *,(PTR2UV(ovp) + MEM_ALIGNBYTES) &
1628 				     (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1));
1629 	    (*nblksp)--;
1630 # if defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
1631 	    /* This is only approx. if TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE: */
1632 	    sbrk_slack += (1 << (bucket >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT));
1633 # endif
1634 	}
1635 #endif
1636 	;				/* Finish "else" */
1637 	sbrked_remains = require - needed;
1638 	last_op = cp;
1639     }
1640 #if !defined(PLAIN_MALLOC) && !defined(NO_FANCY_MALLOC)
1641     emergency_buffer_last_req = 0;
1642 #endif
1643     last_sbrk_top = cp + require;
1644 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1645     goodsbrk += require;
1646 #endif
1647     return ovp;
1648 }
1649 
1650 static int
1651 getpages_adjacent(MEM_SIZE require)
1652 {
1653     if (require <= sbrked_remains) {
1654 	sbrked_remains -= require;
1655     } else {
1656 	char *cp;
1657 
1658 	require -= sbrked_remains;
1659 	/* We do not try to optimize sbrks here, we go for place. */
1660 	cp = (char*) sbrk(require);
1661 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1662 	sbrks++;
1663 	goodsbrk += require;
1664 #endif
1665 	if (cp == last_sbrk_top) {
1666 	    sbrked_remains = 0;
1667 	    last_sbrk_top = cp + require;
1668 	} else {
1669 	    if (cp == (char*)-1) {	/* Out of memory */
1670 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1671 		goodsbrk -= require;
1672 #endif
1673 		return 0;
1674 	    }
1675 	    /* Report the failure: */
1676 	    if (sbrked_remains)
1677 		add_to_chain((void*)(last_sbrk_top - sbrked_remains),
1678 			     sbrked_remains, 0);
1679 	    add_to_chain((void*)cp, require, 0);
1680 	    sbrk_goodness -= SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE;
1681 	    sbrked_remains = 0;
1682 	    last_sbrk_top = 0;
1683 	    last_op = 0;
1684 	    return 0;
1685 	}
1686     }
1687 
1688     return 1;
1689 }
1690 
1691 /*
1692  * Allocate more memory to the indicated bucket.
1693  */
1694 static void
1695 morecore(register int bucket)
1696 {
1697         dVAR;
1698   	register union overhead *ovp;
1699   	register int rnu;       /* 2^rnu bytes will be requested */
1700   	int nblks;		/* become nblks blocks of the desired size */
1701 	register MEM_SIZE siz, needed;
1702 	static int were_called = 0;
1703 
1704   	if (nextf[bucket])
1705   		return;
1706 #ifndef NO_PERL_MALLOC_ENV
1707 	if (!were_called) {
1708 	    /* It's the our first time.  Initialize ourselves */
1709 	    were_called = 1;	/* Avoid a loop */
1710 	    if (!MallocCfg[MallocCfg_skip_cfg_env]) {
1711 		char *s = getenv("PERL_MALLOC_OPT"), *t = s, *off;
1712 		const char *opts = PERL_MALLOC_OPT_CHARS;
1713 		int changed = 0;
1714 
1715 		while ( t && t[0] && t[1] == '='
1716 			&& ((off = strchr(opts, *t))) ) {
1717 		    IV val = 0;
1718 
1719 		    t += 2;
1720 		    while (*t <= '9' && *t >= '0')
1721 			val = 10*val + *t++ - '0';
1722 		    if (!*t || *t == ';') {
1723 			if (MallocCfg[off - opts] != val)
1724 			    changed = 1;
1725 			MallocCfg[off - opts] = val;
1726 			if (*t)
1727 			    t++;
1728 		    }
1729 		}
1730 		if (t && *t) {
1731 		    write2("Unrecognized part of PERL_MALLOC_OPT: \"");
1732 		    write2(t);
1733 		    write2("\"\n");
1734 		}
1735 		if (changed)
1736 		    MallocCfg[MallocCfg_cfg_env_read] = 1;
1737 	    }
1738 	}
1739 #endif
1740 	if (bucket == sizeof(MEM_SIZE)*8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
1741 	    MALLOC_UNLOCK;
1742 	    croak("%s", "Out of memory during ridiculously large request");
1743 	}
1744 	if (bucket > max_bucket)
1745 	    max_bucket = bucket;
1746 
1747   	rnu = ( (bucket <= (LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT))
1748 		? LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA
1749 		: (bucket >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT) );
1750 	/* This may be overwritten later: */
1751   	nblks = 1 << (rnu - (bucket >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)); /* how many blocks to get */
1752 	needed = ((MEM_SIZE)1 << rnu) + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket);
1753 	if (nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]) { /* 2048b bucket. */
1754 	    ovp = nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT] - 1 + CHUNK_SHIFT;
1755 	    nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]
1756 		= nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]->ov_next;
1757 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1758 	    nmalloc[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]--;
1759 	    start_slack -= M_OVERHEAD;
1760 #endif
1761 	    DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1762 				  "stealing %ld bytes from %ld arena\n",
1763 				  (long) needed, (long) rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT));
1764 	} else if (chunk_chain
1765 		   && (ovp = (union overhead*) get_from_chain(needed))) {
1766 	    DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1767 				  "stealing %ld bytes from chain\n",
1768 				  (long) needed));
1769 	} else if ( (ovp = (union overhead*)
1770 		     get_from_bigger_buckets((rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT) + 1,
1771 					     needed)) ) {
1772 	    DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1773 				  "stealing %ld bytes from bigger buckets\n",
1774 				  (long) needed));
1775 	} else if (needed <= sbrked_remains) {
1776 	    ovp = (union overhead *)(last_sbrk_top - sbrked_remains);
1777 	    sbrked_remains -= needed;
1778 	    last_op = (char*)ovp;
1779 	} else
1780 	    ovp = getpages(needed, &nblks, bucket);
1781 
1782 	if (!ovp)
1783 	    return;
1784 	FILL_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)ovp, needed);
1785 
1786 	/*
1787 	 * Add new memory allocated to that on
1788 	 * free list for this hash bucket.
1789 	 */
1790   	siz = BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket); /* No surplus if nblks > 1 */
1791 #ifdef PACK_MALLOC
1792 	*(u_char*)ovp = bucket;	/* Fill index. */
1793 	if (bucket <= MAX_PACKED) {
1794 	    ovp = (union overhead *) ((char*)ovp + BLK_SHIFT(bucket));
1795 	    nblks = N_BLKS(bucket);
1796 #  ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1797 	    start_slack += BLK_SHIFT(bucket);
1798 #  endif
1799 	} else if (bucket < LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
1800 	    ovp = (union overhead *) ((char*)ovp + BLK_SHIFT(bucket));
1801 	    siz -= sizeof(union overhead);
1802 	} else ovp++;		/* One chunk per block. */
1803 #endif /* PACK_MALLOC */
1804   	nextf[bucket] = ovp;
1805 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1806 	nmalloc[bucket] += nblks;
1807 	if (bucket > MAX_PACKED) {
1808 	    start_slack += M_OVERHEAD * nblks;
1809 	}
1810 #endif
1811 
1812   	while (--nblks > 0) {
1813 		ovp->ov_next = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)ovp + siz);
1814 		ovp = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)ovp + siz);
1815   	}
1816 	/* Not all sbrks return zeroed memory.*/
1817 	ovp->ov_next = (union overhead *)NULL;
1818 #ifdef PACK_MALLOC
1819 	if (bucket == 7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) { /* Special case, explanation is above. */
1820 	    union overhead *n_op = nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2]->ov_next;
1821 	    nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2] =
1822 		(union overhead *)((caddr_t)nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2]
1823 				   - sizeof(union overhead));
1824 	    nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2]->ov_next = n_op;
1825 	}
1826 #endif /* !PACK_MALLOC */
1827 }
1828 
1829 Free_t
1830 Perl_mfree(Malloc_t where)
1831 {
1832         dVAR;
1833   	register MEM_SIZE size;
1834 	register union overhead *ovp;
1835 	char *cp = (char*)where;
1836 #ifdef PACK_MALLOC
1837 	u_char bucket;
1838 #endif
1839 
1840 	DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1841 			      "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) free\n",
1842 			      PTR2UV(cp), (unsigned long)(PL_an++)));
1843 
1844 	if (cp == NULL)
1845 		return;
1846 #ifdef DEBUGGING
1847 	if (PTR2UV(cp) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))
1848 	    croak("%s", "wrong alignment in free()");
1849 #endif
1850 	ovp = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp
1851 				- sizeof (union overhead) * CHUNK_SHIFT);
1852 #ifdef PACK_MALLOC
1853 	bucket = OV_INDEX(ovp);
1854 #endif
1855 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
1856 	if ((bucket >= FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK)
1857 	    && (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC))
1858 #else
1859 	if (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC)
1860 #endif
1861 	    {
1862 		static int bad_free_warn = -1;
1863 		if (bad_free_warn == -1) {
1864 		    dTHX;
1865 		    char *pbf = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADFREE");
1866 		    bad_free_warn = (pbf) ? atoi(pbf) : 1;
1867 		}
1868 		if (!bad_free_warn)
1869 		    return;
1870 #ifdef RCHECK
1871 		{
1872 		    dTHX;
1873 		    if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop)
1874 			Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%s free() ignored (RMAGIC, PERL_CORE)",
1875 					 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ?
1876 					 "Duplicate" : "Bad");
1877 		}
1878 #else
1879 		{
1880 		    dTHX;
1881 		    if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop)
1882 			Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%s", "Bad free() ignored (PERL_CORE)");
1883 		}
1884 #endif
1885 		return;				/* sanity */
1886 	    }
1887 #ifdef RCHECK
1888   	ASSERT(ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC, "chunk's head overwrite");
1889 	if (OV_INDEX(ovp) <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
1890 	    int i;
1891 	    MEM_SIZE nbytes = ovp->ov_size + 1;
1892 
1893 	    if ((i = nbytes & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
1894 		i = RMAGIC_SZ - i;
1895 		while (i--) {	/* nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
1896 		    ASSERT(((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ)[i] == RMAGIC_C,
1897 			   "chunk's tail overwrite");
1898 		}
1899 	    }
1900 	    /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
1901 	    nbytes = (nbytes + (RMAGIC_SZ-1)) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ-1);
1902 	    ASSERT(((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes))[-1] == RMAGIC,
1903 		   "chunk's tail overwrite");
1904 	    FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes),
1905 			       BUCKET_SIZE(OV_INDEX(ovp)) - nbytes);
1906 	}
1907 	FILL_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)(ovp+CHUNK_SHIFT),
1908 		      BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(OV_INDEX(ovp)) + RMAGIC_SZ);
1909 	ovp->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC - 1;
1910 #endif
1911   	ASSERT(OV_INDEX(ovp) < NBUCKETS, "chunk's head overwrite");
1912   	size = OV_INDEX(ovp);
1913 
1914 	MALLOC_LOCK;
1915 	ovp->ov_next = nextf[size];
1916   	nextf[size] = ovp;
1917 	MALLOC_UNLOCK;
1918 }
1919 
1920 /* There is no need to do any locking in realloc (with an exception of
1921    trying to grow in place if we are at the end of the chain).
1922    If somebody calls us from a different thread with the same address,
1923    we are sole anyway.  */
1924 
1925 Malloc_t
1926 Perl_realloc(void *mp, size_t nbytes)
1927 {
1928         dVAR;
1929   	register MEM_SIZE onb;
1930 	union overhead *ovp;
1931   	char *res;
1932 	int prev_bucket;
1933 	register int bucket;
1934 	int incr;		/* 1 if does not fit, -1 if "easily" fits in a
1935 				   smaller bucket, otherwise 0.  */
1936 	char *cp = (char*)mp;
1937 
1938 #ifdef DEBUGGING
1939 	MEM_SIZE size = nbytes;
1940 
1941 	if ((long)nbytes < 0)
1942 	    croak("%s", "panic: realloc");
1943 #endif
1944 
1945 	BARK_64K_LIMIT("Reallocation",nbytes,size);
1946 	if (!cp)
1947 		return Perl_malloc(nbytes);
1948 
1949 	ovp = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp
1950 				- sizeof (union overhead) * CHUNK_SHIFT);
1951 	bucket = OV_INDEX(ovp);
1952 
1953 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
1954 	if ((bucket >= FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK)
1955 	    && (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC))
1956 #else
1957 	if (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC)
1958 #endif
1959 	    {
1960 		static int bad_free_warn = -1;
1961 		if (bad_free_warn == -1) {
1962 		    dTHX;
1963 		    char *pbf = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADFREE");
1964 		    bad_free_warn = (pbf) ? atoi(pbf) : 1;
1965 		}
1966 		if (!bad_free_warn)
1967 		    return NULL;
1968 #ifdef RCHECK
1969 		{
1970 		    dTHX;
1971 		    if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop)
1972 			Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%srealloc() %signored",
1973 					 (ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "" : "Bad "),
1974 					 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1
1975 					 ? "of freed memory " : "");
1976 		}
1977 #else
1978 		{
1979 		    dTHX;
1980 		    if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop)
1981 			Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%s",
1982 					 "Bad realloc() ignored");
1983 		}
1984 #endif
1985 		return NULL;			/* sanity */
1986 	    }
1987 
1988 	onb = BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket);
1989 	/*
1990 	 *  avoid the copy if same size block.
1991 	 *  We are not aggressive with boundary cases. Note that it might
1992 	 *  (for a small number of cases) give false negative if
1993 	 *  both new size and old one are in the bucket for
1994 	 *  FIRST_BIG_POW2, but the new one is near the lower end.
1995 	 *
1996 	 *  We do not try to go to 1.5 times smaller bucket so far.
1997 	 */
1998 	if (nbytes > onb) incr = 1;
1999 	else {
2000 #ifdef DO_NOT_TRY_HARDER_WHEN_SHRINKING
2001 	    if ( /* This is a little bit pessimal if PACK_MALLOC: */
2002 		nbytes > ( (onb >> 1) - M_OVERHEAD )
2003 #  ifdef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
2004 		|| (bucket == FIRST_BIG_POW2 && nbytes >= LAST_SMALL_BOUND )
2005 #  endif
2006 		)
2007 #else  /* !DO_NOT_TRY_HARDER_WHEN_SHRINKING */
2008 		prev_bucket = ( (bucket > MAX_PACKED + 1)
2009 				? bucket - BUCKETS_PER_POW2
2010 				: bucket - 1);
2011 	     if (nbytes > BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(prev_bucket))
2012 #endif /* !DO_NOT_TRY_HARDER_WHEN_SHRINKING */
2013 		 incr = 0;
2014 	     else incr = -1;
2015 	}
2016 #ifdef STRESS_REALLOC
2017 	goto hard_way;
2018 #endif
2019 	if (incr == 0) {
2020 	  inplace_label:
2021 #ifdef RCHECK
2022 		/*
2023 		 * Record new allocated size of block and
2024 		 * bound space with magic numbers.
2025 		 */
2026 		if (OV_INDEX(ovp) <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
2027 		       int i, nb = ovp->ov_size + 1;
2028 
2029 		       if ((i = nb & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
2030 			   i = RMAGIC_SZ - i;
2031 			   while (i--) { /* nb - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
2032 			       ASSERT(((caddr_t)ovp + nb - RMAGIC_SZ)[i] == RMAGIC_C, "chunk's tail overwrite");
2033 			   }
2034 		       }
2035 		       /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
2036 		       nb = (nb + (RMAGIC_SZ-1)) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ-1);
2037 		       ASSERT(((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + nb))[-1] == RMAGIC,
2038 			      "chunk's tail overwrite");
2039 		       FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)((caddr_t)ovp + nb),
2040 					  BUCKET_SIZE(OV_INDEX(ovp)) - nb);
2041 		       if (nbytes > ovp->ov_size + 1 - M_OVERHEAD)
2042 			   FILL_FEEDADAD((unsigned char*)cp + ovp->ov_size + 1 - M_OVERHEAD,
2043 				     nbytes - (ovp->ov_size + 1 - M_OVERHEAD));
2044 		       else
2045 			   FILL_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)cp + nbytes,
2046 					 nb - M_OVERHEAD + RMAGIC_SZ - nbytes);
2047 			/*
2048 			 * Convert amount of memory requested into
2049 			 * closest block size stored in hash buckets
2050 			 * which satisfies request.  Account for
2051 			 * space used per block for accounting.
2052 			 */
2053 			nbytes += M_OVERHEAD;
2054 			ovp->ov_size = nbytes - 1;
2055 			if ((i = nbytes & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
2056 			    i = RMAGIC_SZ - i;
2057 			    while (i--)	/* nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
2058 				((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ)[i]
2059 				    = RMAGIC_C;
2060 			}
2061 			/* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
2062 			nbytes = (nbytes + (RMAGIC_SZ-1)) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ - 1);
2063 			((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes))[-1] = RMAGIC;
2064 		}
2065 #endif
2066 		res = cp;
2067 		DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2068 			      "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) realloc %ld bytes inplace\n",
2069 			      PTR2UV(res),(unsigned long)(PL_an++),
2070 			      (long)size));
2071 	} else if (incr == 1 && (cp - M_OVERHEAD == last_op)
2072 		   && (onb > (1 << LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA))) {
2073 	    MEM_SIZE require, newarena = nbytes, pow;
2074 	    int shiftr;
2075 
2076 	    POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(newarena);
2077 	    newarena = newarena + M_OVERHEAD;
2078 	    /* newarena = (newarena + 3) &~ 3; */
2079 	    shiftr = (newarena - 1) >> LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA;
2080 	    pow = LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA + 1;
2081 	    /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */
2082 	    while (shiftr >>= 1)
2083   		pow++;
2084 	    newarena = (1 << pow) + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2);
2085 	    require = newarena - onb - M_OVERHEAD;
2086 
2087 	    MALLOC_LOCK;
2088 	    if (cp - M_OVERHEAD == last_op /* We *still* are the last chunk */
2089 		&& getpages_adjacent(require)) {
2090 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
2091 		nmalloc[bucket]--;
2092 		nmalloc[pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2]++;
2093 #endif
2094 		if (pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2 > (MEM_SIZE)max_bucket)
2095 		    max_bucket = pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2;
2096 		*(cp - M_OVERHEAD) = pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2; /* Fill index. */
2097 		MALLOC_UNLOCK;
2098 		goto inplace_label;
2099 	    } else {
2100 		MALLOC_UNLOCK;
2101 		goto hard_way;
2102 	    }
2103 	} else {
2104 	  hard_way:
2105 	    DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2106 			      "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) realloc %ld bytes the hard way\n",
2107 			      PTR2UV(cp),(unsigned long)(PL_an++),
2108 			      (long)size));
2109 	    if ((res = (char*)Perl_malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
2110 		return (NULL);
2111 	    if (cp != res)			/* common optimization */
2112 		Copy(cp, res, (MEM_SIZE)(nbytes<onb?nbytes:onb), char);
2113 	    Perl_mfree(cp);
2114 	}
2115   	return ((Malloc_t)res);
2116 }
2117 
2118 Malloc_t
2119 Perl_calloc(register size_t elements, register size_t size)
2120 {
2121     long sz = elements * size;
2122     Malloc_t p = Perl_malloc(sz);
2123 
2124     if (p) {
2125 	memset((void*)p, 0, sz);
2126     }
2127     return p;
2128 }
2129 
2130 char *
2131 Perl_strdup(const char *s)
2132 {
2133     MEM_SIZE l = strlen(s);
2134     char *s1 = (char *)Perl_malloc(l+1);
2135 
2136     return (char *)CopyD(s, s1, (MEM_SIZE)(l+1), char);
2137 }
2138 
2139 int
2140 Perl_putenv(char *a)
2141 {
2142     /* Sometimes system's putenv conflicts with my_setenv() - this is system
2143        malloc vs Perl's free(). */
2144   dTHX;
2145   char *var;
2146   char *val = a;
2147   MEM_SIZE l;
2148   char buf[80];
2149 
2150   while (*val && *val != '=')
2151       val++;
2152   if (!*val)
2153       return -1;
2154   l = val - a;
2155   if (l < sizeof(buf))
2156       var = buf;
2157   else
2158       var = (char *)Perl_malloc(l + 1);
2159   Copy(a, var, l, char);
2160   var[l + 1] = 0;
2161   my_setenv(var, val+1);
2162   if (var != buf)
2163       Perl_mfree(var);
2164   return 0;
2165 }
2166 
2167 MEM_SIZE
2168 Perl_malloced_size(void *p)
2169 {
2170     union overhead * const ovp = (union overhead *)
2171 	((caddr_t)p - sizeof (union overhead) * CHUNK_SHIFT);
2172     const int bucket = OV_INDEX(ovp);
2173 
2174     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MALLOCED_SIZE;
2175 
2176 #ifdef RCHECK
2177     /* The caller wants to have a complete control over the chunk,
2178        disable the memory checking inside the chunk.  */
2179     if (bucket <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
2180 	const MEM_SIZE size = BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket);
2181 	ovp->ov_size = size + M_OVERHEAD - 1;
2182 	*((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + size + M_OVERHEAD - RMAGIC_SZ)) = RMAGIC;
2183     }
2184 #endif
2185     return BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket);
2186 }
2187 
2188 
2189 MEM_SIZE
2190 Perl_malloc_good_size(size_t wanted)
2191 {
2192     return BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(S_ajust_size_and_find_bucket(&wanted));
2193 }
2194 
2195 #  ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
2196 #    define MIN_EVEN_REPORT 6
2197 #  else
2198 #    define MIN_EVEN_REPORT MIN_BUCKET
2199 #  endif
2200 
2201 int
2202 Perl_get_mstats(pTHX_ perl_mstats_t *buf, int buflen, int level)
2203 {
2204 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
2205   	register int i, j;
2206   	register union overhead *p;
2207 	struct chunk_chain_s* nextchain;
2208 
2209 	PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_MSTATS;
2210 
2211   	buf->topbucket = buf->topbucket_ev = buf->topbucket_odd
2212 	    = buf->totfree = buf->total = buf->total_chain = 0;
2213 
2214 	buf->minbucket = MIN_BUCKET;
2215 	MALLOC_LOCK;
2216   	for (i = MIN_BUCKET ; i < NBUCKETS; i++) {
2217   		for (j = 0, p = nextf[i]; p; p = p->ov_next, j++)
2218   			;
2219 		if (i < buflen) {
2220 		    buf->nfree[i] = j;
2221 		    buf->ntotal[i] = nmalloc[i];
2222 		}
2223   		buf->totfree += j * BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i);
2224   		buf->total += nmalloc[i] * BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i);
2225 		if (nmalloc[i]) {
2226 		    i % 2 ? (buf->topbucket_odd = i) : (buf->topbucket_ev = i);
2227 		    buf->topbucket = i;
2228 		}
2229   	}
2230 	nextchain = chunk_chain;
2231 	while (nextchain) {
2232 	    buf->total_chain += nextchain->size;
2233 	    nextchain = nextchain->next;
2234 	}
2235 	buf->total_sbrk = goodsbrk + sbrk_slack;
2236 	buf->sbrks = sbrks;
2237 	buf->sbrk_good = sbrk_goodness;
2238 	buf->sbrk_slack = sbrk_slack;
2239 	buf->start_slack = start_slack;
2240 	buf->sbrked_remains = sbrked_remains;
2241 	MALLOC_UNLOCK;
2242 	buf->nbuckets = NBUCKETS;
2243 	if (level) {
2244 	    for (i = MIN_BUCKET ; i < NBUCKETS; i++) {
2245 		if (i >= buflen)
2246 		    break;
2247 		buf->bucket_mem_size[i] = BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i);
2248 		buf->bucket_available_size[i] = BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i);
2249 	    }
2250 	}
2251 #else /* defined DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2252 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "perl not compiled with DEBUGGING_MSTATS\n");
2253 #endif	/* defined DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2254 	return 0;		/* XXX unused */
2255 }
2256 /*
2257  * mstats - print out statistics about malloc
2258  *
2259  * Prints two lines of numbers, one showing the length of the free list
2260  * for each size category, the second showing the number of mallocs -
2261  * frees for each size category.
2262  */
2263 void
2264 Perl_dump_mstats(pTHX_ const char *s)
2265 {
2266 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
2267   	register int i;
2268 	perl_mstats_t buffer;
2269 	UV nf[NBUCKETS];
2270 	UV nt[NBUCKETS];
2271 
2272 	PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUMP_MSTATS;
2273 
2274 	buffer.nfree  = nf;
2275 	buffer.ntotal = nt;
2276 	get_mstats(&buffer, NBUCKETS, 0);
2277 
2278   	if (s)
2279 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2280 			  "Memory allocation statistics %s (buckets %"IVdf"(%"IVdf")..%"IVdf"(%"IVdf")\n",
2281 			  s,
2282 			  (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(MIN_BUCKET),
2283 			  (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(MIN_BUCKET),
2284 			  (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(buffer.topbucket),
2285 			  (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(buffer.topbucket));
2286   	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%8"IVdf" free:", buffer.totfree);
2287   	for (i = MIN_EVEN_REPORT; i <= buffer.topbucket; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2288   		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2289 			      ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2290 			       ? " %5"UVuf
2291 			       : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"UVuf : " %"UVuf)),
2292 			      buffer.nfree[i]);
2293   	}
2294 #ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
2295 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n\t   ");
2296   	for (i = MIN_BUCKET + 1; i <= buffer.topbucket_odd; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2297   		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2298 			      ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2299 			       ? " %5"UVuf
2300 			       : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"UVuf : " %"UVuf)),
2301 			      buffer.nfree[i]);
2302   	}
2303 #endif
2304   	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n%8"IVdf" used:", buffer.total - buffer.totfree);
2305   	for (i = MIN_EVEN_REPORT; i <= buffer.topbucket; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2306   		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2307 			      ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2308 			       ? " %5"IVdf
2309 			       : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"IVdf : " %"IVdf)),
2310 			      buffer.ntotal[i] - buffer.nfree[i]);
2311   	}
2312 #ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
2313 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n\t   ");
2314   	for (i = MIN_BUCKET + 1; i <= buffer.topbucket_odd; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2315   		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2316 			      ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2317 			       ? " %5"IVdf
2318 			       : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"IVdf : " %"IVdf)),
2319 			      buffer.ntotal[i] - buffer.nfree[i]);
2320   	}
2321 #endif
2322 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\nTotal sbrk(): %"IVdf"/%"IVdf":%"IVdf". Odd ends: pad+heads+chain+tail: %"IVdf"+%"IVdf"+%"IVdf"+%"IVdf".\n",
2323 		      buffer.total_sbrk, buffer.sbrks, buffer.sbrk_good,
2324 		      buffer.sbrk_slack, buffer.start_slack,
2325 		      buffer.total_chain, buffer.sbrked_remains);
2326 #else /* DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2327 	PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%s: perl not compiled with DEBUGGING_MSTATS\n",s);
2328 #endif /* DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2329 }
2330 
2331 #ifdef USE_PERL_SBRK
2332 
2333 #   if defined(NeXT) || defined(__NeXT__) || defined(PURIFY)
2334 #      define PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC
2335 #   endif
2336 
2337 #   ifdef PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC
2338 
2339 /* it may seem schizophrenic to use perl's malloc and let it call system */
2340 /* malloc, the reason for that is only the 3.2 version of the OS that had */
2341 /* frequent core dumps within nxzonefreenolock. This sbrk routine put an */
2342 /* end to the cores */
2343 
2344 #      ifndef SYSTEM_ALLOC
2345 #         define SYSTEM_ALLOC(a) malloc(a)
2346 #      endif
2347 #      ifndef SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT
2348 #         define SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT MEM_ALIGNBYTES
2349 #      endif
2350 
2351 #   endif  /* PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC */
2352 
2353 static IV Perl_sbrk_oldchunk;
2354 static long Perl_sbrk_oldsize;
2355 
2356 #   define PERLSBRK_32_K (1<<15)
2357 #   define PERLSBRK_64_K (1<<16)
2358 
2359 Malloc_t
2360 Perl_sbrk(int size)
2361 {
2362     IV got;
2363     int small, reqsize;
2364 
2365     if (!size) return 0;
2366     reqsize = size; /* just for the DEBUG_m statement */
2367 #ifdef PACK_MALLOC
2368     size = (size + 0x7ff) & ~0x7ff;
2369 #endif
2370     if (size <= Perl_sbrk_oldsize) {
2371 	got = Perl_sbrk_oldchunk;
2372 	Perl_sbrk_oldchunk += size;
2373 	Perl_sbrk_oldsize -= size;
2374     } else {
2375       if (size >= PERLSBRK_32_K) {
2376 	small = 0;
2377       } else {
2378 	size = PERLSBRK_64_K;
2379 	small = 1;
2380       }
2381 #  if NEEDED_ALIGNMENT > SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT
2382       size += NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT;
2383 #  endif
2384       got = (IV)SYSTEM_ALLOC(size);
2385 #  if NEEDED_ALIGNMENT > SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT
2386       got = (got + NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1) & ~(NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1);
2387 #  endif
2388       if (small) {
2389 	/* Chunk is small, register the rest for future allocs. */
2390 	Perl_sbrk_oldchunk = got + reqsize;
2391 	Perl_sbrk_oldsize = size - reqsize;
2392       }
2393     }
2394 
2395     DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "sbrk malloc size %ld (reqsize %ld), left size %ld, give addr 0x%"UVxf"\n",
2396 		    size, reqsize, Perl_sbrk_oldsize, PTR2UV(got)));
2397 
2398     return (void *)got;
2399 }
2400 
2401 #endif /* ! defined USE_PERL_SBRK */
2402 
2403 /*
2404  * Local variables:
2405  * c-indentation-style: bsd
2406  * c-basic-offset: 4
2407  * indent-tabs-mode: t
2408  * End:
2409  *
2410  * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
2411  */
2412