xref: /openbsd-src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/doio.c (revision b2ea75c1b17e1a9a339660e7ed45cd24946b230e)
1 /*    doio.c
2  *
3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2001, Larry Wall
4  *
5  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
7  *
8  */
9 
10 /*
11  * "Far below them they saw the white waters pour into a foaming bowl, and
12  * then swirl darkly about a deep oval basin in the rocks, until they found
13  * their way out again through a narrow gate, and flowed away, fuming and
14  * chattering, into calmer and more level reaches."
15  */
16 
17 #include "EXTERN.h"
18 #define PERL_IN_DOIO_C
19 #include "perl.h"
20 
21 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
22 #ifndef HAS_SEM
23 #include <sys/ipc.h>
24 #endif
25 #ifdef HAS_MSG
26 #include <sys/msg.h>
27 #endif
28 #ifdef HAS_SHM
29 #include <sys/shm.h>
30 # ifndef HAS_SHMAT_PROTOTYPE
31     extern Shmat_t shmat (int, char *, int);
32 # endif
33 #endif
34 #endif
35 
36 #ifdef I_UTIME
37 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
38 #    include <sys/utime.h>
39 #  else
40 #    include <utime.h>
41 #  endif
42 #endif
43 
44 #ifdef O_EXCL
45 #  define OPEN_EXCL O_EXCL
46 #else
47 #  define OPEN_EXCL 0
48 #endif
49 
50 #if !defined(NSIG) || defined(M_UNIX) || defined(M_XENIX)
51 #include <signal.h>
52 #endif
53 
54 bool
55 Perl_do_open(pTHX_ GV *gv, register char *name, I32 len, int as_raw,
56 	     int rawmode, int rawperm, PerlIO *supplied_fp)
57 {
58     return do_open9(gv, name, len, as_raw, rawmode, rawperm,
59 		    supplied_fp, Nullsv, 0);
60 }
61 
62 bool
63 Perl_do_open9(pTHX_ GV *gv, register char *name, I32 len, int as_raw,
64 	      int rawmode, int rawperm, PerlIO *supplied_fp, SV *svs,
65 	      I32 num_svs)
66 {
67     register IO *io = GvIOn(gv);
68     PerlIO *saveifp = Nullfp;
69     PerlIO *saveofp = Nullfp;
70     char savetype = IoTYPE_CLOSED;
71     int writing = 0;
72     PerlIO *fp;
73     int fd;
74     int result;
75     bool was_fdopen = FALSE;
76     bool in_raw = 0, in_crlf = 0, out_raw = 0, out_crlf = 0;
77 
78     PL_forkprocess = 1;		/* assume true if no fork */
79 
80     if (PL_op && PL_op->op_type == OP_OPEN) {
81 	/* set up disciplines */
82 	U8 flags = PL_op->op_private;
83 	in_raw = (flags & OPpOPEN_IN_RAW);
84 	in_crlf = (flags & OPpOPEN_IN_CRLF);
85 	out_raw = (flags & OPpOPEN_OUT_RAW);
86 	out_crlf = (flags & OPpOPEN_OUT_CRLF);
87     }
88 
89     if (IoIFP(io)) {
90 	fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
91 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_STD)
92 	    result = 0;
93 	else if (fd <= PL_maxsysfd) {
94 	    saveifp = IoIFP(io);
95 	    saveofp = IoOFP(io);
96 	    savetype = IoTYPE(io);
97 	    result = 0;
98 	}
99 	else if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_PIPE)
100 	    result = PerlProc_pclose(IoIFP(io));
101 	else if (IoIFP(io) != IoOFP(io)) {
102 	    if (IoOFP(io)) {
103 		result = PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io));
104 		PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io)); /* clear stdio, fd already closed */
105 	    }
106 	    else
107 		result = PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
108 	}
109 	else
110 	    result = PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
111 	if (result == EOF && fd > PL_maxsysfd)
112 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
113 			  "Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly.\n",
114 			  GvENAME(gv));
115 	IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = Nullfp;
116     }
117 
118     if (as_raw) {
119 #if defined(USE_64_BIT_RAWIO) && defined(O_LARGEFILE)
120 	rawmode |= O_LARGEFILE;
121 #endif
122 
123 #ifndef O_ACCMODE
124 #define O_ACCMODE 3		/* Assume traditional implementation */
125 #endif
126 
127 	switch (result = rawmode & O_ACCMODE) {
128 	case O_RDONLY:
129 	     IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
130 	     break;
131 	case O_WRONLY:
132 	     IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
133 	     break;
134 	case O_RDWR:
135 	default:
136 	     IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDWR;
137 	     break;
138 	}
139 
140 	writing = (result > 0);
141 	fd = PerlLIO_open3(name, rawmode, rawperm);
142 
143 	if (fd == -1)
144 	    fp = NULL;
145 	else {
146 	    char fpmode[4];
147 	    STRLEN ix = 0;
148 	    if (result == O_RDONLY)
149 		fpmode[ix++] = 'r';
150 #ifdef O_APPEND
151 	    else if (rawmode & O_APPEND) {
152 		fpmode[ix++] = 'a';
153 		if (result != O_WRONLY)
154 		    fpmode[ix++] = '+';
155 	    }
156 #endif
157 	    else {
158 		if (result == O_WRONLY)
159 		    fpmode[ix++] = 'w';
160 		else {
161 		    fpmode[ix++] = 'r';
162 		    fpmode[ix++] = '+';
163 		}
164 	    }
165 	    if (rawmode & O_BINARY)
166 		fpmode[ix++] = 'b';
167 	    fpmode[ix] = '\0';
168 	    fp = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, fpmode);
169 	    if (!fp)
170 		PerlLIO_close(fd);
171 	}
172     }
173     else {
174 	char *type;
175 	char *oname = name;
176 	STRLEN tlen;
177 	STRLEN olen = len;
178 	char mode[4];		/* stdio file mode ("r\0", "rb\0", "r+b\0" etc.) */
179 	int dodup;
180 
181 	type = savepvn(name, len);
182 	tlen = len;
183 	SAVEFREEPV(type);
184 	if (num_svs) {
185 	    STRLEN l;
186 	    name = SvPV(svs, l) ;
187 	    len = (I32)l;
188 	    name = savepvn(name, len);
189 	    SAVEFREEPV(name);
190 	}
191 	else {
192 	    while (tlen && isSPACE(type[tlen-1]))
193 		type[--tlen] = '\0';
194 	    name = type;
195 	    len = tlen;
196 	}
197 	mode[0] = mode[1] = mode[2] = mode[3] = '\0';
198 	IoTYPE(io) = *type;
199 	if (*type == IoTYPE_RDWR && tlen > 1 && type[tlen-1] != IoTYPE_PIPE) { /* scary */
200 	    mode[1] = *type++;
201 	    --tlen;
202 	    writing = 1;
203 	}
204 
205 	if (*type == IoTYPE_PIPE) {
206 	    if (num_svs && (tlen != 2 || type[1] != IoTYPE_STD)) {
207 	      unknown_desr:
208 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown open() mode '%.*s'", (int)olen, oname);
209 	    }
210 	    /*SUPPRESS 530*/
211 	    for (type++, tlen--; isSPACE(*type); type++, tlen--) ;
212 	    if (!num_svs) {
213 		name = type;
214 		len = tlen;
215 	    }
216 	    if (*name == '\0') { /* command is missing 19990114 */
217 		if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
218 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PIPE, "Missing command in piped open");
219 		errno = EPIPE;
220 		goto say_false;
221 	    }
222 	    if (strNE(name,"-") || num_svs)
223 		TAINT_ENV();
224 	    TAINT_PROPER("piped open");
225 	    if (name[len-1] == '|') {
226 		name[--len] = '\0' ;
227 		if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
228 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PIPE, "Can't open bidirectional pipe");
229 	    }
230 	    {
231 		char *mode;
232 		if (out_raw)
233 		    mode = "wb";
234 		else if (out_crlf)
235 		    mode = "wt";
236 		else
237 		    mode = "w";
238 		fp = PerlProc_popen(name,mode);
239 	    }
240 	    writing = 1;
241 	}
242 	else if (*type == IoTYPE_WRONLY) {
243 	    TAINT_PROPER("open");
244 	    type++;
245 	    if (*type == IoTYPE_WRONLY) {
246 		/* Two IoTYPE_WRONLYs in a row make for an IoTYPE_APPEND. */
247 		mode[0] = IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_APPEND;
248 		type++;
249 		tlen--;
250 	    }
251 	    else
252 		mode[0] = 'w';
253 	    writing = 1;
254 
255 	    if (out_raw)
256 		strcat(mode, "b");
257 	    else if (out_crlf)
258 		strcat(mode, "t");
259 
260 	    if (num_svs && tlen != 1)
261 	        goto unknown_desr;
262 	    if (*type == '&') {
263 		name = type;
264 	      duplicity:
265 		dodup = 1;
266 		name++;
267 		if (*name == '=') {
268 		    dodup = 0;
269 		    name++;
270 		}
271 		if (!*name && supplied_fp)
272 		    fp = supplied_fp;
273 		else {
274 		    /*SUPPRESS 530*/
275 		    for (; isSPACE(*name); name++) ;
276 		    if (isDIGIT(*name))
277 			fd = atoi(name);
278 		    else {
279 			IO* thatio;
280 			gv = gv_fetchpv(name,FALSE,SVt_PVIO);
281 			thatio = GvIO(gv);
282 			if (!thatio) {
283 #ifdef EINVAL
284 			    SETERRNO(EINVAL,SS$_IVCHAN);
285 #endif
286 			    goto say_false;
287 			}
288 			if (IoIFP(thatio)) {
289 			    PerlIO *fp = IoIFP(thatio);
290 			    /* Flush stdio buffer before dup. --mjd
291 			     * Unfortunately SEEK_CURing 0 seems to
292 			     * be optimized away on most platforms;
293 			     * only Solaris and Linux seem to flush
294 			     * on that. --jhi */
295 #ifdef USE_SFIO
296 			    /* sfio fails to clear error on next
297 			       sfwrite, contrary to documentation.
298 			       -- Nick Clark */
299 			    if (PerlIO_seek(fp, 0, SEEK_CUR) == -1)
300 				PerlIO_clearerr(fp);
301 #endif
302 			    /* On the other hand, do all platforms
303 			     * take gracefully to flushing a read-only
304 			     * filehandle?  Perhaps we should do
305 			     * fsetpos(src)+fgetpos(dst)?  --nik */
306 			    PerlIO_flush(fp);
307 			    fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
308 			    /* When dup()ing STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
309 			     * explicitly set appropriate access mode */
310 			    if (IoIFP(thatio) == PerlIO_stdout()
311 				|| IoIFP(thatio) == PerlIO_stderr())
312 			        IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
313 			    else if (IoIFP(thatio) == PerlIO_stdin())
314                                 IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
315 			    /* When dup()ing a socket, say result is
316 			     * one as well */
317 			    else if (IoTYPE(thatio) == IoTYPE_SOCKET)
318 				IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
319 			}
320 			else
321 			    fd = -1;
322 		    }
323 		    if (dodup)
324 			fd = PerlLIO_dup(fd);
325 		    else
326 			was_fdopen = TRUE;
327 		    if (!(fp = PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode))) {
328 			if (dodup)
329 			    PerlLIO_close(fd);
330 		    }
331 		}
332 	    }
333 	    else {
334 		/*SUPPRESS 530*/
335 		for (; isSPACE(*type); type++) ;
336 		if (*type == IoTYPE_STD && !type[1]) {
337 		    fp = PerlIO_stdout();
338 		    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_STD;
339 		}
340 		else  {
341 		    fp = PerlIO_open((num_svs ? name : type), mode);
342 		}
343 	    }
344 	}
345 	else if (*type == IoTYPE_RDONLY) {
346 	    if (num_svs && tlen != 1)
347 	        goto unknown_desr;
348 	    /*SUPPRESS 530*/
349 	    for (type++; isSPACE(*type); type++) ;
350 	    mode[0] = 'r';
351 	    if (in_raw)
352 		strcat(mode, "b");
353 	    else if (in_crlf)
354 		strcat(mode, "t");
355 
356 	    if (*type == '&') {
357 		name = type;
358 		goto duplicity;
359 	    }
360 	    if (*type == IoTYPE_STD && !type[1]) {
361 		fp = PerlIO_stdin();
362 		IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_STD;
363 	    }
364 	    else
365 		fp = PerlIO_open((num_svs ? name : type), mode);
366 	}
367 	else if (tlen > 1 && type[tlen-1] == IoTYPE_PIPE) {
368 	    if (num_svs) {
369 		if (tlen != 2 || type[0] != IoTYPE_STD)
370 		    goto unknown_desr;
371 	    }
372 	    else {
373 		type[--tlen] = '\0';
374 		while (tlen && isSPACE(type[tlen-1]))
375 		    type[--tlen] = '\0';
376 		/*SUPPRESS 530*/
377 		for (; isSPACE(*type); type++) ;
378 		name = type;
379 	    }
380 	    if (*name == '\0') { /* command is missing 19990114 */
381 		if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
382 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PIPE, "Missing command in piped open");
383 		errno = EPIPE;
384 		goto say_false;
385 	    }
386 	    if (strNE(name,"-") || num_svs)
387 		TAINT_ENV();
388 	    TAINT_PROPER("piped open");
389 	    {
390 		char *mode;
391 		if (in_raw)
392 		    mode = "rb";
393 		else if (in_crlf)
394 		    mode = "rt";
395 		else
396 		    mode = "r";
397 		fp = PerlProc_popen(name,mode);
398 	    }
399 	    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_PIPE;
400 	}
401 	else {
402 	    if (num_svs)
403 		goto unknown_desr;
404 	    name = type;
405 	    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
406 	    /*SUPPRESS 530*/
407 	    for (; isSPACE(*name); name++) ;
408 	    if (strEQ(name,"-")) {
409 		fp = PerlIO_stdin();
410 		IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_STD;
411 	    }
412 	    else {
413 		char *mode;
414 		if (in_raw)
415 		    mode = "rb";
416 		else if (in_crlf)
417 		    mode = "rt";
418 		else
419 		    mode = "r";
420 		fp = PerlIO_open(name,mode);
421 	    }
422 	}
423     }
424     if (!fp) {
425 	if (ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDONLY && strchr(name, '\n'))
426 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_NEWLINE, PL_warn_nl, "open");
427 	goto say_false;
428     }
429     if (IoTYPE(io) && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_PIPE && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_STD) {
430 	if (PerlLIO_fstat(PerlIO_fileno(fp),&PL_statbuf) < 0) {
431 	    (void)PerlIO_close(fp);
432 	    goto say_false;
433 	}
434 	if (S_ISSOCK(PL_statbuf.st_mode))
435 	    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;	/* in case a socket was passed in to us */
436 #ifdef HAS_SOCKET
437 	else if (
438 #ifdef S_IFMT
439 	    !(PL_statbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT)
440 #else
441 	    !PL_statbuf.st_mode
442 #endif
443 	    && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_WRONLY  /* Dups of STD* filehandles already have */
444 	    && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_RDONLY  /* type so they aren't marked as sockets */
445 	) {				    /* on OS's that return 0 on fstat()ed pipe */
446 	    char tmpbuf[256];
447 	    Sock_size_t buflen = sizeof tmpbuf;
448 	    if (PerlSock_getsockname(PerlIO_fileno(fp), (struct sockaddr *)tmpbuf,
449 			    &buflen) >= 0
450 		  || errno != ENOTSOCK)
451 		IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET; /* some OS's return 0 on fstat()ed socket */
452 				/* but some return 0 for streams too, sigh */
453 	}
454 #endif
455     }
456     if (saveifp) {		/* must use old fp? */
457 	fd = PerlIO_fileno(saveifp);
458 	if (saveofp) {
459 	    PerlIO_flush(saveofp);		/* emulate PerlIO_close() */
460 	    if (saveofp != saveifp) {	/* was a socket? */
461 		PerlIO_close(saveofp);
462 		if (fd > 2)
463 		    Safefree(saveofp);
464 	    }
465 	}
466 	if (fd != PerlIO_fileno(fp)) {
467 	    Pid_t pid;
468 	    SV *sv;
469 
470 	    PerlLIO_dup2(PerlIO_fileno(fp), fd);
471 #ifdef VMS
472 	    if (fd != PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stdin())) {
473 	      char newname[FILENAME_MAX+1];
474 	      if (fgetname(fp, newname)) {
475 	        if (fd == PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stdout())) Perl_vmssetuserlnm("SYS$OUTPUT", newname);
476 	        if (fd == PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stderr())) Perl_vmssetuserlnm("SYS$ERROR",  newname);
477 	      }
478 	    }
479 #endif
480 	    LOCK_FDPID_MUTEX;
481 	    sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,PerlIO_fileno(fp),TRUE);
482 	    (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_IV);
483 	    pid = SvIVX(sv);
484 	    SvIVX(sv) = 0;
485 	    sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,fd,TRUE);
486 	    UNLOCK_FDPID_MUTEX;
487 	    (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_IV);
488 	    SvIVX(sv) = pid;
489 	    if (!was_fdopen)
490 		PerlIO_close(fp);
491 
492 	}
493 	fp = saveifp;
494 	PerlIO_clearerr(fp);
495     }
496 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
497     {
498 	int save_errno = errno;
499 	fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
500 	fcntl(fd,F_SETFD,fd > PL_maxsysfd); /* can change errno */
501 	errno = save_errno;
502     }
503 #endif
504     IoIFP(io) = fp;
505     IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_NOLINE;
506     if (writing) {
507 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET
508 	    || (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY && S_ISCHR(PL_statbuf.st_mode)) )
509 	{
510 	    char *mode;
511 	    if (out_raw)
512 		mode = "wb";
513 	    else if (out_crlf)
514 		mode = "wt";
515 	    else
516 		mode = "w";
517 
518 	    if (!(IoOFP(io) = PerlIO_fdopen(PerlIO_fileno(fp),mode))) {
519 		PerlIO_close(fp);
520 		IoIFP(io) = Nullfp;
521 		goto say_false;
522 	    }
523 	}
524 	else
525 	    IoOFP(io) = fp;
526     }
527     return TRUE;
528 
529 say_false:
530     IoIFP(io) = saveifp;
531     IoOFP(io) = saveofp;
532     IoTYPE(io) = savetype;
533     return FALSE;
534 }
535 
536 PerlIO *
537 Perl_nextargv(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
538 {
539     register SV *sv;
540 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
541     int filedev;
542     int fileino;
543 #endif
544     Uid_t fileuid;
545     Gid_t filegid;
546     IO *io = GvIOp(gv);
547 
548     if (!PL_argvoutgv)
549 	PL_argvoutgv = gv_fetchpv("ARGVOUT",TRUE,SVt_PVIO);
550     if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV) && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_START)) {
551 	IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_START;
552 	if (PL_inplace) {
553 	    if (!PL_argvout_stack)
554 		PL_argvout_stack = newAV();
555 	    av_push(PL_argvout_stack, SvREFCNT_inc(PL_defoutgv));
556 	}
557     }
558     if (PL_filemode & (S_ISUID|S_ISGID)) {
559 	PerlIO_flush(IoIFP(GvIOn(PL_argvoutgv)));  /* chmod must follow last write */
560 #ifdef HAS_FCHMOD
561 	(void)fchmod(PL_lastfd,PL_filemode);
562 #else
563 	(void)PerlLIO_chmod(PL_oldname,PL_filemode);
564 #endif
565     }
566     PL_filemode = 0;
567     while (av_len(GvAV(gv)) >= 0) {
568 	STRLEN oldlen;
569 	sv = av_shift(GvAV(gv));
570 	SAVEFREESV(sv);
571 	sv_setsv(GvSV(gv),sv);
572 	SvSETMAGIC(GvSV(gv));
573 	PL_oldname = SvPVx(GvSV(gv), oldlen);
574 	if (do_open(gv,PL_oldname,oldlen,PL_inplace!=0,O_RDONLY,0,Nullfp)) {
575 	    if (PL_inplace) {
576 		TAINT_PROPER("inplace open");
577 		if (oldlen == 1 && *PL_oldname == '-') {
578 		    setdefout(gv_fetchpv("STDOUT",TRUE,SVt_PVIO));
579 		    return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
580 		}
581 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
582 		filedev = PL_statbuf.st_dev;
583 		fileino = PL_statbuf.st_ino;
584 #endif
585 		PL_filemode = PL_statbuf.st_mode;
586 		fileuid = PL_statbuf.st_uid;
587 		filegid = PL_statbuf.st_gid;
588 		if (!S_ISREG(PL_filemode)) {
589 		    if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
590 		        Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
591 			    "Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file",
592 		            PL_oldname );
593 		    do_close(gv,FALSE);
594 		    continue;
595 		}
596 		if (*PL_inplace) {
597 		    char *star = strchr(PL_inplace, '*');
598 		    if (star) {
599 			char *begin = PL_inplace;
600 			sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
601 			do {
602 			    sv_catpvn(sv, begin, star - begin);
603 			    sv_catpvn(sv, PL_oldname, oldlen);
604 			    begin = ++star;
605 			} while ((star = strchr(begin, '*')));
606 			if (*begin)
607 			    sv_catpv(sv,begin);
608 		    }
609 		    else {
610 			sv_catpv(sv,PL_inplace);
611 		    }
612 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
613 		    if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(sv),&PL_statbuf) >= 0
614 		      && PL_statbuf.st_dev == filedev
615 		      && PL_statbuf.st_ino == fileino
616 #ifdef DJGPP
617                       || (_djstat_fail_bits & _STFAIL_TRUENAME)!=0
618 #endif
619                       )
620 		    {
621 			if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
622 			    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
623 			      "Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique",
624 			      SvPVX(sv));
625 			do_close(gv,FALSE);
626 			continue;
627 		    }
628 #endif
629 #ifdef HAS_RENAME
630 #if !defined(DOSISH) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
631 		    if (PerlLIO_rename(PL_oldname,SvPVX(sv)) < 0) {
632 		        if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
633 			    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
634 			      "Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file",
635 			      PL_oldname, SvPVX(sv), Strerror(errno) );
636 			do_close(gv,FALSE);
637 			continue;
638 		    }
639 #else
640 		    do_close(gv,FALSE);
641 		    (void)PerlLIO_unlink(SvPVX(sv));
642 		    (void)PerlLIO_rename(PL_oldname,SvPVX(sv));
643 		    do_open(gv,SvPVX(sv),SvCUR(sv),PL_inplace!=0,O_RDONLY,0,Nullfp);
644 #endif /* DOSISH */
645 #else
646 		    (void)UNLINK(SvPVX(sv));
647 		    if (link(PL_oldname,SvPVX(sv)) < 0) {
648 		        if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
649 			    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
650 			      "Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file",
651 			      PL_oldname, SvPVX(sv), Strerror(errno) );
652 			do_close(gv,FALSE);
653 			continue;
654 		    }
655 		    (void)UNLINK(PL_oldname);
656 #endif
657 		}
658 		else {
659 #if !defined(DOSISH) && !defined(AMIGAOS)
660 #  ifndef VMS  /* Don't delete; use automatic file versioning */
661 		    if (UNLINK(PL_oldname) < 0) {
662 		        if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
663 			    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
664 			      "Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file",
665 			      PL_oldname, Strerror(errno) );
666 			do_close(gv,FALSE);
667 			continue;
668 		    }
669 #  endif
670 #else
671 		    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do inplace edit without backup");
672 #endif
673 		}
674 
675 		sv_setpvn(sv,">",!PL_inplace);
676 		sv_catpvn(sv,PL_oldname,oldlen);
677 		SETERRNO(0,0);		/* in case sprintf set errno */
678 #ifdef VMS
679 		if (!do_open(PL_argvoutgv,SvPVX(sv),SvCUR(sv),PL_inplace!=0,
680                  O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0,Nullfp))
681 #else
682 		if (!do_open(PL_argvoutgv,SvPVX(sv),SvCUR(sv),PL_inplace!=0,
683 			     O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|OPEN_EXCL,0666,Nullfp))
684 #endif
685 		{
686 		    if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
687 		        Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE, "Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s",
688 		          PL_oldname, Strerror(errno) );
689 		    do_close(gv,FALSE);
690 		    continue;
691 		}
692 		setdefout(PL_argvoutgv);
693 		PL_lastfd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOp(PL_argvoutgv)));
694 		(void)PerlLIO_fstat(PL_lastfd,&PL_statbuf);
695 #ifdef HAS_FCHMOD
696 		(void)fchmod(PL_lastfd,PL_filemode);
697 #else
698 #  if !(defined(WIN32) && defined(__BORLANDC__))
699 		/* Borland runtime creates a readonly file! */
700 		(void)PerlLIO_chmod(PL_oldname,PL_filemode);
701 #  endif
702 #endif
703 		if (fileuid != PL_statbuf.st_uid || filegid != PL_statbuf.st_gid) {
704 #ifdef HAS_FCHOWN
705 		    (void)fchown(PL_lastfd,fileuid,filegid);
706 #else
707 #ifdef HAS_CHOWN
708 		    (void)PerlLIO_chown(PL_oldname,fileuid,filegid);
709 #endif
710 #endif
711 		}
712 	    }
713 	    return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
714 	}
715 	else {
716 	    if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE)) {
717 		int eno = errno;
718 		if (PerlLIO_stat(PL_oldname, &PL_statbuf) >= 0
719 		    && !S_ISREG(PL_statbuf.st_mode))
720 		{
721 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
722 				"Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file",
723 				PL_oldname);
724 		}
725 		else
726 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE, "Can't open %s: %s",
727 				PL_oldname, Strerror(eno));
728 	    }
729 	}
730     }
731     if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV))
732 	IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_START;
733     if (PL_inplace) {
734 	(void)do_close(PL_argvoutgv,FALSE);
735 	if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV)
736 	    && PL_argvout_stack && AvFILLp(PL_argvout_stack) >= 0)
737 	{
738 	    GV *oldout = (GV*)av_pop(PL_argvout_stack);
739 	    setdefout(oldout);
740 	    SvREFCNT_dec(oldout);
741 	    return Nullfp;
742 	}
743 	setdefout(gv_fetchpv("STDOUT",TRUE,SVt_PVIO));
744     }
745     return Nullfp;
746 }
747 
748 #ifdef HAS_PIPE
749 void
750 Perl_do_pipe(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *rgv, GV *wgv)
751 {
752     register IO *rstio;
753     register IO *wstio;
754     int fd[2];
755 
756     if (!rgv)
757 	goto badexit;
758     if (!wgv)
759 	goto badexit;
760 
761     rstio = GvIOn(rgv);
762     wstio = GvIOn(wgv);
763 
764     if (IoIFP(rstio))
765 	do_close(rgv,FALSE);
766     if (IoIFP(wstio))
767 	do_close(wgv,FALSE);
768 
769     if (PerlProc_pipe(fd) < 0)
770 	goto badexit;
771     IoIFP(rstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "r");
772     IoOFP(wstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "w");
773     IoIFP(wstio) = IoOFP(wstio);
774     IoTYPE(rstio) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
775     IoTYPE(wstio) = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
776     if (!IoIFP(rstio) || !IoOFP(wstio)) {
777 	if (IoIFP(rstio)) PerlIO_close(IoIFP(rstio));
778 	else PerlLIO_close(fd[0]);
779 	if (IoOFP(wstio)) PerlIO_close(IoOFP(wstio));
780 	else PerlLIO_close(fd[1]);
781 	goto badexit;
782     }
783 
784     sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_yes);
785     return;
786 
787 badexit:
788     sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_undef);
789     return;
790 }
791 #endif
792 
793 /* explicit renamed to avoid C++ conflict    -- kja */
794 bool
795 Perl_do_close(pTHX_ GV *gv, bool not_implicit)
796 {
797     bool retval;
798     IO *io;
799 
800     if (!gv)
801 	gv = PL_argvgv;
802     if (!gv || SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
803 	if (not_implicit)
804 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
805 	return FALSE;
806     }
807     io = GvIO(gv);
808     if (!io) {		/* never opened */
809 	if (not_implicit) {
810 	    if (ckWARN(WARN_UNOPENED)) /* no check for closed here */
811 		report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
812 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
813 	}
814 	return FALSE;
815     }
816     retval = io_close(io, not_implicit);
817     if (not_implicit) {
818 	IoLINES(io) = 0;
819 	IoPAGE(io) = 0;
820 	IoLINES_LEFT(io) = IoPAGE_LEN(io);
821     }
822     IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_CLOSED;
823     return retval;
824 }
825 
826 bool
827 Perl_io_close(pTHX_ IO *io, bool not_implicit)
828 {
829     bool retval = FALSE;
830     int status;
831 
832     if (IoIFP(io)) {
833 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_PIPE) {
834 	    status = PerlProc_pclose(IoIFP(io));
835 	    if (not_implicit) {
836 		STATUS_NATIVE_SET(status);
837 		retval = (STATUS_POSIX == 0);
838 	    }
839 	    else {
840 		retval = (status != -1);
841 	    }
842 	}
843 	else if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_STD)
844 	    retval = TRUE;
845 	else {
846 	    if (IoOFP(io) && IoOFP(io) != IoIFP(io)) {		/* a socket */
847 		retval = (PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io)) != EOF);
848 		PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));	/* clear stdio, fd already closed */
849 	    }
850 	    else
851 		retval = (PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io)) != EOF);
852 	}
853 	IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = Nullfp;
854     }
855     else if (not_implicit) {
856 	SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
857     }
858 
859     return retval;
860 }
861 
862 bool
863 Perl_do_eof(pTHX_ GV *gv)
864 {
865     register IO *io;
866     int ch;
867 
868     io = GvIO(gv);
869 
870     if (!io)
871 	return TRUE;
872     else if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)
873 	     && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY || IoIFP(io) == PerlIO_stdout()
874 		 || IoIFP(io) == PerlIO_stderr()))
875     {
876 	/* integrate to report_evil_fh()? */
877         char *name = NULL;
878 	if (isGV(gv)) {
879 	    SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
880 	    gv_efullname4(sv, gv, Nullch, FALSE);
881 	    name = SvPV_nolen(sv);
882 	}
883 	if (name && *name)
884 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_IO,
885 			"Filehandle %s opened only for output", name);
886 	else
887 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_IO,
888 			"Filehandle opened only for output");
889     }
890 
891     while (IoIFP(io)) {
892 
893         if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(IoIFP(io))) {	/* (the code works without this) */
894 	    if (PerlIO_get_cnt(IoIFP(io)) > 0)	/* cheat a little, since */
895 		return FALSE;			/* this is the most usual case */
896         }
897 
898 	ch = PerlIO_getc(IoIFP(io));
899 	if (ch != EOF) {
900 	    (void)PerlIO_ungetc(IoIFP(io),ch);
901 	    return FALSE;
902 	}
903         if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(IoIFP(io)) && PerlIO_canset_cnt(IoIFP(io))) {
904 	    if (PerlIO_get_cnt(IoIFP(io)) < -1)
905 		PerlIO_set_cnt(IoIFP(io),-1);
906 	}
907 	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { /* not necessarily a real EOF yet? */
908 	    if (!nextargv(PL_argvgv))	/* get another fp handy */
909 		return TRUE;
910 	}
911 	else
912 	    return TRUE;		/* normal fp, definitely end of file */
913     }
914     return TRUE;
915 }
916 
917 Off_t
918 Perl_do_tell(pTHX_ GV *gv)
919 {
920     register IO *io;
921     register PerlIO *fp;
922 
923     if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) && (fp = IoIFP(io))) {
924 #ifdef ULTRIX_STDIO_BOTCH
925 	if (PerlIO_eof(fp))
926 	    (void)PerlIO_seek(fp, 0L, 2);	/* ultrix 1.2 workaround */
927 #endif
928 	return PerlIO_tell(fp);
929     }
930     if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
931 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
932     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
933     return (Off_t)-1;
934 }
935 
936 bool
937 Perl_do_seek(pTHX_ GV *gv, Off_t pos, int whence)
938 {
939     register IO *io;
940     register PerlIO *fp;
941 
942     if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) && (fp = IoIFP(io))) {
943 #ifdef ULTRIX_STDIO_BOTCH
944 	if (PerlIO_eof(fp))
945 	    (void)PerlIO_seek(fp, 0L, 2);	/* ultrix 1.2 workaround */
946 #endif
947 	return PerlIO_seek(fp, pos, whence) >= 0;
948     }
949     if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
950 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
951     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
952     return FALSE;
953 }
954 
955 Off_t
956 Perl_do_sysseek(pTHX_ GV *gv, Off_t pos, int whence)
957 {
958     register IO *io;
959     register PerlIO *fp;
960 
961     if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) && (fp = IoIFP(io)))
962 	return PerlLIO_lseek(PerlIO_fileno(fp), pos, whence);
963     if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
964 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
965     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
966     return (Off_t)-1;
967 }
968 
969 int
970 Perl_mode_from_discipline(pTHX_ SV *discp)
971 {
972     int mode = O_BINARY;
973     if (discp) {
974 	STRLEN len;
975 	char *s = SvPV(discp,len);
976 	while (*s) {
977 	    if (*s == ':') {
978 		switch (s[1]) {
979 		case 'r':
980 		    if (len > 3 && strnEQ(s+1, "raw", 3)
981 			&& (!s[4] || s[4] == ':' || isSPACE(s[4])))
982 		    {
983 			mode = O_BINARY;
984 			s += 4;
985 			len -= 4;
986 			break;
987 		    }
988 		    /* FALL THROUGH */
989 		case 'c':
990 		    if (len > 4 && strnEQ(s+1, "crlf", 4)
991 			&& (!s[5] || s[5] == ':' || isSPACE(s[5])))
992 		    {
993 			mode = O_TEXT;
994 			s += 5;
995 			len -= 5;
996 			break;
997 		    }
998 		    /* FALL THROUGH */
999 		default:
1000 		    goto fail_discipline;
1001 		}
1002 	    }
1003 	    else if (isSPACE(*s)) {
1004 		++s;
1005 		--len;
1006 	    }
1007 	    else {
1008 		char *end;
1009 fail_discipline:
1010 		end = strchr(s+1, ':');
1011 		if (!end)
1012 		    end = s+len;
1013 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown discipline '%.*s'", end-s, s);
1014 	    }
1015 	}
1016     }
1017     return mode;
1018 }
1019 
1020 int
1021 Perl_do_binmode(pTHX_ PerlIO *fp, int iotype, int mode)
1022 {
1023 #ifdef DOSISH
1024 #  if defined(atarist) || defined(__MINT__)
1025     if (!PerlIO_flush(fp)) {
1026 	if (mode & O_BINARY)
1027 	    ((FILE*)fp)->_flag |= _IOBIN;
1028 	else
1029 	    ((FILE*)fp)->_flag &= ~ _IOBIN;
1030 	return 1;
1031     }
1032     return 0;
1033 #  else
1034     if (PerlLIO_setmode(PerlIO_fileno(fp), mode) != -1) {
1035 #    if defined(WIN32) && defined(__BORLANDC__)
1036 	/* The translation mode of the stream is maintained independent
1037 	 * of the translation mode of the fd in the Borland RTL (heavy
1038 	 * digging through their runtime sources reveal).  User has to
1039 	 * set the mode explicitly for the stream (though they don't
1040 	 * document this anywhere). GSAR 97-5-24
1041 	 */
1042 	PerlIO_seek(fp,0L,0);
1043 	if (mode & O_BINARY)
1044 	    ((FILE*)fp)->flags |= _F_BIN;
1045 	else
1046 	    ((FILE*)fp)->flags &= ~ _F_BIN;
1047 #    endif
1048 	return 1;
1049     }
1050     else
1051 	return 0;
1052 #  endif
1053 #else
1054 #  if defined(USEMYBINMODE)
1055     if (my_binmode(fp, iotype, mode) != FALSE)
1056 	return 1;
1057     else
1058 	return 0;
1059 #  else
1060     return 1;
1061 #  endif
1062 #endif
1063 }
1064 
1065 #if !defined(HAS_TRUNCATE) && !defined(HAS_CHSIZE) && defined(F_FREESP)
1066 	/* code courtesy of William Kucharski */
1067 #define HAS_CHSIZE
1068 
1069 I32 my_chsize(fd, length)
1070 I32 fd;			/* file descriptor */
1071 Off_t length;		/* length to set file to */
1072 {
1073     struct flock fl;
1074     struct stat filebuf;
1075 
1076     if (PerlLIO_fstat(fd, &filebuf) < 0)
1077 	return -1;
1078 
1079     if (filebuf.st_size < length) {
1080 
1081 	/* extend file length */
1082 
1083 	if ((PerlLIO_lseek(fd, (length - 1), 0)) < 0)
1084 	    return -1;
1085 
1086 	/* write a "0" byte */
1087 
1088 	if ((PerlLIO_write(fd, "", 1)) != 1)
1089 	    return -1;
1090     }
1091     else {
1092 	/* truncate length */
1093 
1094 	fl.l_whence = 0;
1095 	fl.l_len = 0;
1096 	fl.l_start = length;
1097 	fl.l_type = F_WRLCK;    /* write lock on file space */
1098 
1099 	/*
1100 	* This relies on the UNDOCUMENTED F_FREESP argument to
1101 	* fcntl(2), which truncates the file so that it ends at the
1102 	* position indicated by fl.l_start.
1103 	*
1104 	* Will minor miracles never cease?
1105 	*/
1106 
1107 	if (fcntl(fd, F_FREESP, &fl) < 0)
1108 	    return -1;
1109 
1110     }
1111 
1112     return 0;
1113 }
1114 #endif /* F_FREESP */
1115 
1116 bool
1117 Perl_do_print(pTHX_ register SV *sv, PerlIO *fp)
1118 {
1119     register char *tmps;
1120     STRLEN len;
1121 
1122     /* assuming fp is checked earlier */
1123     if (!sv)
1124 	return TRUE;
1125     if (PL_ofmt) {
1126 	if (SvGMAGICAL(sv))
1127 	    mg_get(sv);
1128         if (SvIOK(sv) && SvIVX(sv) != 0) {
1129 	    PerlIO_printf(fp, PL_ofmt, (NV)SvIVX(sv));
1130 	    return !PerlIO_error(fp);
1131 	}
1132 	if (  (SvNOK(sv) && SvNVX(sv) != 0.0)
1133 	   || (looks_like_number(sv) && sv_2nv(sv) != 0.0) ) {
1134 	    PerlIO_printf(fp, PL_ofmt, SvNVX(sv));
1135 	    return !PerlIO_error(fp);
1136 	}
1137     }
1138     switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1139     case SVt_NULL:
1140 	if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
1141 	    report_uninit();
1142 	return TRUE;
1143     case SVt_IV:
1144 	if (SvIOK(sv)) {
1145 	    if (SvGMAGICAL(sv))
1146 		mg_get(sv);
1147 	    if (SvIsUV(sv))
1148 		PerlIO_printf(fp, "%"UVuf, (UV)SvUVX(sv));
1149 	    else
1150 		PerlIO_printf(fp, "%"IVdf, (IV)SvIVX(sv));
1151 	    return !PerlIO_error(fp);
1152 	}
1153 	/* FALL THROUGH */
1154     default:
1155 	tmps = SvPV(sv, len);
1156 	break;
1157     }
1158     /* To detect whether the process is about to overstep its
1159      * filesize limit we would need getrlimit().  We could then
1160      * also transparently raise the limit with setrlimit() --
1161      * but only until the system hard limit/the filesystem limit,
1162      * at which we would get EPERM.  Note that when using buffered
1163      * io the write failure can be delayed until the flush/close. --jhi */
1164     if (len && (PerlIO_write(fp,tmps,len) == 0))
1165 	return FALSE;
1166     return !PerlIO_error(fp);
1167 }
1168 
1169 I32
1170 Perl_my_stat(pTHX)
1171 {
1172     dSP;
1173     IO *io;
1174     GV* gv;
1175 
1176     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
1177 	EXTEND(SP,1);
1178 	gv = cGVOP_gv;
1179       do_fstat:
1180 	io = GvIO(gv);
1181 	if (io && IoIFP(io)) {
1182 	    PL_statgv = gv;
1183 	    sv_setpv(PL_statname,"");
1184 	    PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
1185 	    return (PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_fstat(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), &PL_statcache));
1186 	}
1187 	else {
1188 	    if (gv == PL_defgv)
1189 		return PL_laststatval;
1190 	    if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
1191 		report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
1192 	    PL_statgv = Nullgv;
1193 	    sv_setpv(PL_statname,"");
1194 	    return (PL_laststatval = -1);
1195 	}
1196     }
1197     else {
1198 	SV* sv = POPs;
1199 	char *s;
1200 	STRLEN n_a;
1201 	PUTBACK;
1202 	if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1203 	    gv = (GV*)sv;
1204 	    goto do_fstat;
1205 	}
1206 	else if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVGV) {
1207 	    gv = (GV*)SvRV(sv);
1208 	    goto do_fstat;
1209 	}
1210 
1211 	s = SvPV(sv, n_a);
1212 	PL_statgv = Nullgv;
1213 	sv_setpv(PL_statname, s);
1214 	PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
1215 	PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_stat(s, &PL_statcache);
1216 	if (PL_laststatval < 0 && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && strchr(s, '\n'))
1217 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_NEWLINE, PL_warn_nl, "stat");
1218 	return PL_laststatval;
1219     }
1220 }
1221 
1222 I32
1223 Perl_my_lstat(pTHX)
1224 {
1225     dSP;
1226     SV *sv;
1227     STRLEN n_a;
1228     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
1229 	EXTEND(SP,1);
1230 	if (cGVOP_gv == PL_defgv) {
1231 	    if (PL_laststype != OP_LSTAT)
1232 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "The stat preceding -l _ wasn't an lstat");
1233 	    return PL_laststatval;
1234 	}
1235 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "You can't use -l on a filehandle");
1236     }
1237 
1238     PL_laststype = OP_LSTAT;
1239     PL_statgv = Nullgv;
1240     sv = POPs;
1241     PUTBACK;
1242     sv_setpv(PL_statname,SvPV(sv, n_a));
1243     PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_lstat(SvPV(sv, n_a),&PL_statcache);
1244     if (PL_laststatval < 0 && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && strchr(SvPV(sv, n_a), '\n'))
1245 	Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_NEWLINE, PL_warn_nl, "lstat");
1246     return PL_laststatval;
1247 }
1248 
1249 bool
1250 Perl_do_aexec(pTHX_ SV *really, register SV **mark, register SV **sp)
1251 {
1252     return do_aexec5(really, mark, sp, 0, 0);
1253 }
1254 
1255 bool
1256 Perl_do_aexec5(pTHX_ SV *really, register SV **mark, register SV **sp,
1257 	       int fd, int do_report)
1258 {
1259 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1260     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system");
1261 #else
1262     register char **a;
1263     char *tmps;
1264     STRLEN n_a;
1265 
1266     if (sp > mark) {
1267 	New(401,PL_Argv, sp - mark + 1, char*);
1268 	a = PL_Argv;
1269 	while (++mark <= sp) {
1270 	    if (*mark)
1271 		*a++ = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1272 	    else
1273 		*a++ = "";
1274 	}
1275 	*a = Nullch;
1276 	if (really)
1277 	    tmps = SvPV(really, n_a);
1278 	if ((!really && *PL_Argv[0] != '/') ||
1279 	    (really && *tmps != '/'))		/* will execvp use PATH? */
1280 	    TAINT_ENV();		/* testing IFS here is overkill, probably */
1281 	if (really && *tmps)
1282 	    PerlProc_execvp(tmps,EXEC_ARGV_CAST(PL_Argv));
1283 	else
1284 	    PerlProc_execvp(PL_Argv[0],EXEC_ARGV_CAST(PL_Argv));
1285 	if (ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1286 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_EXEC, "Can't exec \"%s\": %s",
1287 		(really ? tmps : PL_Argv[0]), Strerror(errno));
1288 	if (do_report) {
1289 	    int e = errno;
1290 
1291 	    PerlLIO_write(fd, (void*)&e, sizeof(int));
1292 	    PerlLIO_close(fd);
1293 	}
1294     }
1295     do_execfree();
1296 #endif
1297     return FALSE;
1298 }
1299 
1300 void
1301 Perl_do_execfree(pTHX)
1302 {
1303     if (PL_Argv) {
1304 	Safefree(PL_Argv);
1305 	PL_Argv = Null(char **);
1306     }
1307     if (PL_Cmd) {
1308 	Safefree(PL_Cmd);
1309 	PL_Cmd = Nullch;
1310     }
1311 }
1312 
1313 #if !defined(OS2) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(DJGPP) && !defined(EPOC) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
1314 
1315 bool
1316 Perl_do_exec(pTHX_ char *cmd)
1317 {
1318     return do_exec3(cmd,0,0);
1319 }
1320 
1321 bool
1322 Perl_do_exec3(pTHX_ char *cmd, int fd, int do_report)
1323 {
1324     register char **a;
1325     register char *s;
1326     char flags[10];
1327 
1328     while (*cmd && isSPACE(*cmd))
1329 	cmd++;
1330 
1331     /* save an extra exec if possible */
1332 
1333 #ifdef CSH
1334     if (strnEQ(cmd,PL_cshname,PL_cshlen) && strnEQ(cmd+PL_cshlen," -c",3)) {
1335 	strcpy(flags,"-c");
1336 	s = cmd+PL_cshlen+3;
1337 	if (*s == 'f') {
1338 	    s++;
1339 	    strcat(flags,"f");
1340 	}
1341 	if (*s == ' ')
1342 	    s++;
1343 	if (*s++ == '\'') {
1344 	    char *ncmd = s;
1345 
1346 	    while (*s)
1347 		s++;
1348 	    if (s[-1] == '\n')
1349 		*--s = '\0';
1350 	    if (s[-1] == '\'') {
1351 		*--s = '\0';
1352 		PerlProc_execl(PL_cshname,"csh", flags,ncmd,(char*)0);
1353 		*s = '\'';
1354 		return FALSE;
1355 	    }
1356 	}
1357     }
1358 #endif /* CSH */
1359 
1360     /* see if there are shell metacharacters in it */
1361 
1362     if (*cmd == '.' && isSPACE(cmd[1]))
1363 	goto doshell;
1364 
1365     if (strnEQ(cmd,"exec",4) && isSPACE(cmd[4]))
1366 	goto doshell;
1367 
1368     for (s = cmd; *s && isALNUM(*s); s++) ;	/* catch VAR=val gizmo */
1369     if (*s == '=')
1370 	goto doshell;
1371 
1372     for (s = cmd; *s; s++) {
1373 	if (*s != ' ' && !isALPHA(*s) && strchr("$&*(){}[]'\";\\|?<>~`\n",*s)) {
1374 	    if (*s == '\n' && !s[1]) {
1375 		*s = '\0';
1376 		break;
1377 	    }
1378 	    /* handle the 2>&1 construct at the end */
1379 	    if (*s == '>' && s[1] == '&' && s[2] == '1'
1380 		&& s > cmd + 1 && s[-1] == '2' && isSPACE(s[-2])
1381 		&& (!s[3] || isSPACE(s[3])))
1382 	    {
1383 		char *t = s + 3;
1384 
1385 		while (*t && isSPACE(*t))
1386 		    ++t;
1387 		if (!*t && (dup2(1,2) != -1)) {
1388 		    s[-2] = '\0';
1389 		    break;
1390 		}
1391 	    }
1392 	  doshell:
1393 	    PerlProc_execl(PL_sh_path, "sh", "-c", cmd, (char*)0);
1394 	    return FALSE;
1395 	}
1396     }
1397 
1398     New(402,PL_Argv, (s - cmd) / 2 + 2, char*);
1399     PL_Cmd = savepvn(cmd, s-cmd);
1400     a = PL_Argv;
1401     for (s = PL_Cmd; *s;) {
1402 	while (*s && isSPACE(*s)) s++;
1403 	if (*s)
1404 	    *(a++) = s;
1405 	while (*s && !isSPACE(*s)) s++;
1406 	if (*s)
1407 	    *s++ = '\0';
1408     }
1409     *a = Nullch;
1410     if (PL_Argv[0]) {
1411 	PerlProc_execvp(PL_Argv[0],PL_Argv);
1412 	if (errno == ENOEXEC) {		/* for system V NIH syndrome */
1413 	    do_execfree();
1414 	    goto doshell;
1415 	}
1416 	{
1417 	    int e = errno;
1418 
1419 	    if (ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1420 		Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_EXEC, "Can't exec \"%s\": %s",
1421 		    PL_Argv[0], Strerror(errno));
1422 	    if (do_report) {
1423 		PerlLIO_write(fd, (void*)&e, sizeof(int));
1424 		PerlLIO_close(fd);
1425 	    }
1426 	}
1427     }
1428     do_execfree();
1429     return FALSE;
1430 }
1431 
1432 #endif /* OS2 || WIN32 */
1433 
1434 I32
1435 Perl_apply(pTHX_ I32 type, register SV **mark, register SV **sp)
1436 {
1437     register I32 val;
1438     register I32 val2;
1439     register I32 tot = 0;
1440     char *what;
1441     char *s;
1442     SV **oldmark = mark;
1443     STRLEN n_a;
1444 
1445 #define APPLY_TAINT_PROPER() \
1446     STMT_START {							\
1447 	if (PL_tainted) { TAINT_PROPER(what); }				\
1448     } STMT_END
1449 
1450     /* This is a first heuristic; it doesn't catch tainting magic. */
1451     if (PL_tainting) {
1452 	while (++mark <= sp) {
1453 	    if (SvTAINTED(*mark)) {
1454 		TAINT;
1455 		break;
1456 	    }
1457 	}
1458 	mark = oldmark;
1459     }
1460     switch (type) {
1461     case OP_CHMOD:
1462 	what = "chmod";
1463 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1464 	if (++mark <= sp) {
1465 	    val = SvIVx(*mark);
1466 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1467 	    tot = sp - mark;
1468 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1469 		char *name = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1470 		APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1471 		if (PerlLIO_chmod(name, val))
1472 		    tot--;
1473 	    }
1474 	}
1475 	break;
1476 #ifdef HAS_CHOWN
1477     case OP_CHOWN:
1478 	what = "chown";
1479 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1480 	if (sp - mark > 2) {
1481 	    val = SvIVx(*++mark);
1482 	    val2 = SvIVx(*++mark);
1483 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1484 	    tot = sp - mark;
1485 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1486 		char *name = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1487 		APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1488 		if (PerlLIO_chown(name, val, val2))
1489 		    tot--;
1490 	    }
1491 	}
1492 	break;
1493 #endif
1494 /*
1495 XXX Should we make lchown() directly available from perl?
1496 For now, we'll let Configure test for HAS_LCHOWN, but do
1497 nothing in the core.
1498     --AD  5/1998
1499 */
1500 #ifdef HAS_KILL
1501     case OP_KILL:
1502 	what = "kill";
1503 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1504 	if (mark == sp)
1505 	    break;
1506 	s = SvPVx(*++mark, n_a);
1507 	if (isUPPER(*s)) {
1508 	    if (*s == 'S' && s[1] == 'I' && s[2] == 'G')
1509 		s += 3;
1510 	    if (!(val = whichsig(s)))
1511 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unrecognized signal name \"%s\"",s);
1512 	}
1513 	else
1514 	    val = SvIVx(*mark);
1515 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1516 	tot = sp - mark;
1517 #ifdef VMS
1518 	/* kill() doesn't do process groups (job trees?) under VMS */
1519 	if (val < 0) val = -val;
1520 	if (val == SIGKILL) {
1521 #	    include <starlet.h>
1522 	    /* Use native sys$delprc() to insure that target process is
1523 	     * deleted; supervisor-mode images don't pay attention to
1524 	     * CRTL's emulation of Unix-style signals and kill()
1525 	     */
1526 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1527 		I32 proc = SvIVx(*mark);
1528 		register unsigned long int __vmssts;
1529 		APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1530 		if (!((__vmssts = sys$delprc(&proc,0)) & 1)) {
1531 		    tot--;
1532 		    switch (__vmssts) {
1533 			case SS$_NONEXPR:
1534 			case SS$_NOSUCHNODE:
1535 			    SETERRNO(ESRCH,__vmssts);
1536 			    break;
1537 			case SS$_NOPRIV:
1538 			    SETERRNO(EPERM,__vmssts);
1539 			    break;
1540 			default:
1541 			    SETERRNO(EVMSERR,__vmssts);
1542 		    }
1543 		}
1544 	    }
1545 	    break;
1546 	}
1547 #endif
1548 	if (val < 0) {
1549 	    val = -val;
1550 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1551 		I32 proc = SvIVx(*mark);
1552 		APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1553 #ifdef HAS_KILLPG
1554 		if (PerlProc_killpg(proc,val))	/* BSD */
1555 #else
1556 		if (PerlProc_kill(-proc,val))	/* SYSV */
1557 #endif
1558 		    tot--;
1559 	    }
1560 	}
1561 	else {
1562 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1563 		I32 proc = SvIVx(*mark);
1564 		APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1565 		if (PerlProc_kill(proc, val))
1566 		    tot--;
1567 	    }
1568 	}
1569 	break;
1570 #endif
1571     case OP_UNLINK:
1572 	what = "unlink";
1573 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1574 	tot = sp - mark;
1575 	while (++mark <= sp) {
1576 	    s = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1577 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1578 	    if (PL_euid || PL_unsafe) {
1579 		if (UNLINK(s))
1580 		    tot--;
1581 	    }
1582 	    else {	/* don't let root wipe out directories without -U */
1583 		if (PerlLIO_lstat(s,&PL_statbuf) < 0 || S_ISDIR(PL_statbuf.st_mode))
1584 		    tot--;
1585 		else {
1586 		    if (UNLINK(s))
1587 			tot--;
1588 		}
1589 	    }
1590 	}
1591 	break;
1592 #ifdef HAS_UTIME
1593     case OP_UTIME:
1594 	what = "utime";
1595 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1596 	if (sp - mark > 2) {
1597 #if defined(I_UTIME) || defined(VMS)
1598 	    struct utimbuf utbuf;
1599 #else
1600 	    struct {
1601 		Time_t	actime;
1602 		Time_t	modtime;
1603 	    } utbuf;
1604 #endif
1605 
1606 	    Zero(&utbuf, sizeof utbuf, char);
1607 #ifdef BIG_TIME
1608 	    utbuf.actime = (Time_t)SvNVx(*++mark);	/* time accessed */
1609 	    utbuf.modtime = (Time_t)SvNVx(*++mark);	/* time modified */
1610 #else
1611 	    utbuf.actime = (Time_t)SvIVx(*++mark);	/* time accessed */
1612 	    utbuf.modtime = (Time_t)SvIVx(*++mark);	/* time modified */
1613 #endif
1614 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1615 	    tot = sp - mark;
1616 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1617 		char *name = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1618 		APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1619 		if (PerlLIO_utime(name, &utbuf))
1620 		    tot--;
1621 	    }
1622 	}
1623 	else
1624 	    tot = 0;
1625 	break;
1626 #endif
1627     }
1628     return tot;
1629 
1630 #undef APPLY_TAINT_PROPER
1631 }
1632 
1633 /* Do the permissions allow some operation?  Assumes statcache already set. */
1634 #ifndef VMS /* VMS' cando is in vms.c */
1635 bool
1636 Perl_cando(pTHX_ Mode_t mode, Uid_t effective, register Stat_t *statbufp)
1637 /* Note: we use `effective' both for uids and gids.
1638  * Here we are betting on Uid_t being equal or wider than Gid_t.  */
1639 {
1640 #ifdef DOSISH
1641     /* [Comments and code from Len Reed]
1642      * MS-DOS "user" is similar to UNIX's "superuser," but can't write
1643      * to write-protected files.  The execute permission bit is set
1644      * by the Miscrosoft C library stat() function for the following:
1645      *		.exe files
1646      *		.com files
1647      *		.bat files
1648      *		directories
1649      * All files and directories are readable.
1650      * Directories and special files, e.g. "CON", cannot be
1651      * write-protected.
1652      * [Comment by Tom Dinger -- a directory can have the write-protect
1653      *		bit set in the file system, but DOS permits changes to
1654      *		the directory anyway.  In addition, all bets are off
1655      *		here for networked software, such as Novell and
1656      *		Sun's PC-NFS.]
1657      */
1658 
1659      /* Atari stat() does pretty much the same thing. we set x_bit_set_in_stat
1660       * too so it will actually look into the files for magic numbers
1661       */
1662      return (mode & statbufp->st_mode) ? TRUE : FALSE;
1663 
1664 #else /* ! DOSISH */
1665     if ((effective ? PL_euid : PL_uid) == 0) {	/* root is special */
1666 	if (mode == S_IXUSR) {
1667 	    if (statbufp->st_mode & 0111 || S_ISDIR(statbufp->st_mode))
1668 		return TRUE;
1669 	}
1670 	else
1671 	    return TRUE;		/* root reads and writes anything */
1672 	return FALSE;
1673     }
1674     if (statbufp->st_uid == (effective ? PL_euid : PL_uid) ) {
1675 	if (statbufp->st_mode & mode)
1676 	    return TRUE;	/* ok as "user" */
1677     }
1678     else if (ingroup(statbufp->st_gid,effective)) {
1679 	if (statbufp->st_mode & mode >> 3)
1680 	    return TRUE;	/* ok as "group" */
1681     }
1682     else if (statbufp->st_mode & mode >> 6)
1683 	return TRUE;	/* ok as "other" */
1684     return FALSE;
1685 #endif /* ! DOSISH */
1686 }
1687 #endif /* ! VMS */
1688 
1689 bool
1690 Perl_ingroup(pTHX_ Gid_t testgid, Uid_t effective)
1691 {
1692 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1693     /* This is simply not correct for AppleShare, but fix it yerself. */
1694     return TRUE;
1695 #else
1696     if (testgid == (effective ? PL_egid : PL_gid))
1697 	return TRUE;
1698 #ifdef HAS_GETGROUPS
1699 #ifndef NGROUPS
1700 #define NGROUPS 32
1701 #endif
1702     {
1703 	Groups_t gary[NGROUPS];
1704 	I32 anum;
1705 
1706 	anum = getgroups(NGROUPS,gary);
1707 	while (--anum >= 0)
1708 	    if (gary[anum] == testgid)
1709 		return TRUE;
1710     }
1711 #endif
1712     return FALSE;
1713 #endif
1714 }
1715 
1716 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
1717 
1718 I32
1719 Perl_do_ipcget(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
1720 {
1721     key_t key;
1722     I32 n, flags;
1723 
1724     key = (key_t)SvNVx(*++mark);
1725     n = (optype == OP_MSGGET) ? 0 : SvIVx(*++mark);
1726     flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
1727     SETERRNO(0,0);
1728     switch (optype)
1729     {
1730 #ifdef HAS_MSG
1731     case OP_MSGGET:
1732 	return msgget(key, flags);
1733 #endif
1734 #ifdef HAS_SEM
1735     case OP_SEMGET:
1736 	return semget(key, n, flags);
1737 #endif
1738 #ifdef HAS_SHM
1739     case OP_SHMGET:
1740 	return shmget(key, n, flags);
1741 #endif
1742 #if !defined(HAS_MSG) || !defined(HAS_SEM) || !defined(HAS_SHM)
1743     default:
1744 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
1745 #endif
1746     }
1747     return -1;			/* should never happen */
1748 }
1749 
1750 I32
1751 Perl_do_ipcctl(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
1752 {
1753     SV *astr;
1754     char *a;
1755     I32 id, n, cmd, infosize, getinfo;
1756     I32 ret = -1;
1757 
1758     id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1759     n = (optype == OP_SEMCTL) ? SvIVx(*++mark) : 0;
1760     cmd = SvIVx(*++mark);
1761     astr = *++mark;
1762     infosize = 0;
1763     getinfo = (cmd == IPC_STAT);
1764 
1765     switch (optype)
1766     {
1767 #ifdef HAS_MSG
1768     case OP_MSGCTL:
1769 	if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
1770 	    infosize = sizeof(struct msqid_ds);
1771 	break;
1772 #endif
1773 #ifdef HAS_SHM
1774     case OP_SHMCTL:
1775 	if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
1776 	    infosize = sizeof(struct shmid_ds);
1777 	break;
1778 #endif
1779 #ifdef HAS_SEM
1780     case OP_SEMCTL:
1781 #ifdef Semctl
1782 	if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
1783 	    infosize = sizeof(struct semid_ds);
1784 	else if (cmd == GETALL || cmd == SETALL)
1785 	{
1786 	    struct semid_ds semds;
1787 	    union semun semun;
1788 #ifdef EXTRA_F_IN_SEMUN_BUF
1789             semun.buff = &semds;
1790 #else
1791             semun.buf = &semds;
1792 #endif
1793 	    getinfo = (cmd == GETALL);
1794 	    if (Semctl(id, 0, IPC_STAT, semun) == -1)
1795 		return -1;
1796 	    infosize = semds.sem_nsems * sizeof(short);
1797 		/* "short" is technically wrong but much more portable
1798 		   than guessing about u_?short(_t)? */
1799 	}
1800 #else
1801 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
1802 #endif
1803 	break;
1804 #endif
1805 #if !defined(HAS_MSG) || !defined(HAS_SEM) || !defined(HAS_SHM)
1806     default:
1807 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
1808 #endif
1809     }
1810 
1811     if (infosize)
1812     {
1813 	STRLEN len;
1814 	if (getinfo)
1815 	{
1816 	    SvPV_force(astr, len);
1817 	    a = SvGROW(astr, infosize+1);
1818 	}
1819 	else
1820 	{
1821 	    a = SvPV(astr, len);
1822 	    if (len != infosize)
1823 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad arg length for %s, is %lu, should be %ld",
1824 		      PL_op_desc[optype],
1825 		      (unsigned long)len,
1826 		      (long)infosize);
1827 	}
1828     }
1829     else
1830     {
1831 	IV i = SvIV(astr);
1832 	a = INT2PTR(char *,i);		/* ouch */
1833     }
1834     SETERRNO(0,0);
1835     switch (optype)
1836     {
1837 #ifdef HAS_MSG
1838     case OP_MSGCTL:
1839 	ret = msgctl(id, cmd, (struct msqid_ds *)a);
1840 	break;
1841 #endif
1842 #ifdef HAS_SEM
1843     case OP_SEMCTL: {
1844 #ifdef Semctl
1845             union semun unsemds;
1846 
1847 #ifdef EXTRA_F_IN_SEMUN_BUF
1848             unsemds.buff = (struct semid_ds *)a;
1849 #else
1850             unsemds.buf = (struct semid_ds *)a;
1851 #endif
1852 	    ret = Semctl(id, n, cmd, unsemds);
1853 #else
1854 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
1855 #endif
1856         }
1857 	break;
1858 #endif
1859 #ifdef HAS_SHM
1860     case OP_SHMCTL:
1861 	ret = shmctl(id, cmd, (struct shmid_ds *)a);
1862 	break;
1863 #endif
1864     }
1865     if (getinfo && ret >= 0) {
1866 	SvCUR_set(astr, infosize);
1867 	*SvEND(astr) = '\0';
1868 	SvSETMAGIC(astr);
1869     }
1870     return ret;
1871 }
1872 
1873 I32
1874 Perl_do_msgsnd(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
1875 {
1876 #ifdef HAS_MSG
1877     SV *mstr;
1878     char *mbuf;
1879     I32 id, msize, flags;
1880     STRLEN len;
1881 
1882     id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1883     mstr = *++mark;
1884     flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
1885     mbuf = SvPV(mstr, len);
1886     if ((msize = len - sizeof(long)) < 0)
1887 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Arg too short for msgsnd");
1888     SETERRNO(0,0);
1889     return msgsnd(id, (struct msgbuf *)mbuf, msize, flags);
1890 #else
1891     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "msgsnd not implemented");
1892 #endif
1893 }
1894 
1895 I32
1896 Perl_do_msgrcv(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
1897 {
1898 #ifdef HAS_MSG
1899     SV *mstr;
1900     char *mbuf;
1901     long mtype;
1902     I32 id, msize, flags, ret;
1903     STRLEN len;
1904 
1905     id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1906     mstr = *++mark;
1907     /* suppress warning when reading into undef var --jhi */
1908     if (! SvOK(mstr))
1909 	sv_setpvn(mstr, "", 0);
1910     msize = SvIVx(*++mark);
1911     mtype = (long)SvIVx(*++mark);
1912     flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
1913     SvPV_force(mstr, len);
1914     mbuf = SvGROW(mstr, sizeof(long)+msize+1);
1915 
1916     SETERRNO(0,0);
1917     ret = msgrcv(id, (struct msgbuf *)mbuf, msize, mtype, flags);
1918     if (ret >= 0) {
1919 	SvCUR_set(mstr, sizeof(long)+ret);
1920 	*SvEND(mstr) = '\0';
1921 #ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
1922 	/* who knows who has been playing with this message? */
1923 	SvTAINTED_on(mstr);
1924 #endif
1925     }
1926     return ret;
1927 #else
1928     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "msgrcv not implemented");
1929 #endif
1930 }
1931 
1932 I32
1933 Perl_do_semop(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
1934 {
1935 #ifdef HAS_SEM
1936     SV *opstr;
1937     char *opbuf;
1938     I32 id;
1939     STRLEN opsize;
1940 
1941     id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1942     opstr = *++mark;
1943     opbuf = SvPV(opstr, opsize);
1944     if (opsize < sizeof(struct sembuf)
1945 	|| (opsize % sizeof(struct sembuf)) != 0) {
1946 	SETERRNO(EINVAL,LIB$_INVARG);
1947 	return -1;
1948     }
1949     SETERRNO(0,0);
1950     return semop(id, (struct sembuf *)opbuf, opsize/sizeof(struct sembuf));
1951 #else
1952     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "semop not implemented");
1953 #endif
1954 }
1955 
1956 I32
1957 Perl_do_shmio(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
1958 {
1959 #ifdef HAS_SHM
1960     SV *mstr;
1961     char *mbuf, *shm;
1962     I32 id, mpos, msize;
1963     STRLEN len;
1964     struct shmid_ds shmds;
1965 
1966     id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1967     mstr = *++mark;
1968     mpos = SvIVx(*++mark);
1969     msize = SvIVx(*++mark);
1970     SETERRNO(0,0);
1971     if (shmctl(id, IPC_STAT, &shmds) == -1)
1972 	return -1;
1973     if (mpos < 0 || msize < 0 || mpos + msize > shmds.shm_segsz) {
1974 	SETERRNO(EFAULT,SS$_ACCVIO);		/* can't do as caller requested */
1975 	return -1;
1976     }
1977     shm = (char *)shmat(id, (char*)NULL, (optype == OP_SHMREAD) ? SHM_RDONLY : 0);
1978     if (shm == (char *)-1)	/* I hate System V IPC, I really do */
1979 	return -1;
1980     if (optype == OP_SHMREAD) {
1981 	/* suppress warning when reading into undef var (tchrist 3/Mar/00) */
1982 	if (! SvOK(mstr))
1983 	    sv_setpvn(mstr, "", 0);
1984 	SvPV_force(mstr, len);
1985 	mbuf = SvGROW(mstr, msize+1);
1986 
1987 	Copy(shm + mpos, mbuf, msize, char);
1988 	SvCUR_set(mstr, msize);
1989 	*SvEND(mstr) = '\0';
1990 	SvSETMAGIC(mstr);
1991 #ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
1992 	/* who knows who has been playing with this shared memory? */
1993 	SvTAINTED_on(mstr);
1994 #endif
1995     }
1996     else {
1997 	I32 n;
1998 
1999 	mbuf = SvPV(mstr, len);
2000 	if ((n = len) > msize)
2001 	    n = msize;
2002 	Copy(mbuf, shm + mpos, n, char);
2003 	if (n < msize)
2004 	    memzero(shm + mpos + n, msize - n);
2005     }
2006     return shmdt(shm);
2007 #else
2008     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "shm I/O not implemented");
2009 #endif
2010 }
2011 
2012 #endif /* SYSV IPC */
2013 
2014