xref: /openbsd-src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/doio.c (revision 99fd087599a8791921855f21bd7e36130f39aadc)
1 /*    doio.c
2  *
3  *    Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4  *    2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
5  *
6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8  *
9  */
10 
11 /*
12  *  Far below them they saw the white waters pour into a foaming bowl, and
13  *  then swirl darkly about a deep oval basin in the rocks, until they found
14  *  their way out again through a narrow gate, and flowed away, fuming and
15  *  chattering, into calmer and more level reaches.
16  *
17  *     [p.684 of _The Lord of the Rings_, IV/vi: "The Forbidden Pool"]
18  */
19 
20 /* This file contains functions that do the actual I/O on behalf of ops.
21  * For example, pp_print() calls the do_print() function in this file for
22  * each argument needing printing.
23  */
24 
25 #include "EXTERN.h"
26 #define PERL_IN_DOIO_C
27 #include "perl.h"
28 
29 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
30 #ifndef HAS_SEM
31 #include <sys/ipc.h>
32 #endif
33 #ifdef HAS_MSG
34 #include <sys/msg.h>
35 #endif
36 #ifdef HAS_SHM
37 #include <sys/shm.h>
38 # ifndef HAS_SHMAT_PROTOTYPE
39     extern Shmat_t shmat (int, char *, int);
40 # endif
41 #endif
42 #endif
43 
44 #ifdef I_UTIME
45 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
46 #    include <sys/utime.h>
47 #  else
48 #    include <utime.h>
49 #  endif
50 #endif
51 
52 #ifdef O_EXCL
53 #  define OPEN_EXCL O_EXCL
54 #else
55 #  define OPEN_EXCL 0
56 #endif
57 
58 #define PERL_MODE_MAX 8
59 #define PERL_FLAGS_MAX 10
60 
61 #include <signal.h>
62 
63 void
64 Perl_setfd_cloexec(int fd)
65 {
66     assert(fd >= 0);
67 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD) && defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
68     (void) fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
69 #endif
70 }
71 
72 void
73 Perl_setfd_inhexec(int fd)
74 {
75     assert(fd >= 0);
76 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD) && defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
77     (void) fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, 0);
78 #endif
79 }
80 
81 void
82 Perl_setfd_cloexec_for_nonsysfd(pTHX_ int fd)
83 {
84     assert(fd >= 0);
85     if(fd > PL_maxsysfd)
86 	setfd_cloexec(fd);
87 }
88 
89 void
90 Perl_setfd_inhexec_for_sysfd(pTHX_ int fd)
91 {
92     assert(fd >= 0);
93     if(fd <= PL_maxsysfd)
94 	setfd_inhexec(fd);
95 }
96 void
97 Perl_setfd_cloexec_or_inhexec_by_sysfdness(pTHX_ int fd)
98 {
99     assert(fd >= 0);
100     if(fd <= PL_maxsysfd)
101 	setfd_inhexec(fd);
102     else
103 	setfd_cloexec(fd);
104 }
105 
106 
107 #define DO_GENOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(GENOPEN_NORMAL, GENSETFD_CLOEXEC) \
108 	do { \
109 	    int res = (GENOPEN_NORMAL); \
110 	    if(LIKELY(res != -1)) GENSETFD_CLOEXEC; \
111 	    return res; \
112 	} while(0)
113 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD) && defined(FD_CLOEXEC) && \
114 			defined(F_GETFD)
115 enum { CLOEXEC_EXPERIMENT = 0, CLOEXEC_AT_OPEN, CLOEXEC_AFTER_OPEN };
116 #  define DO_GENOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(strategy, TESTFD, GENOPEN_CLOEXEC, \
117 			GENOPEN_NORMAL, GENSETFD_CLOEXEC) \
118 	do { \
119 	    switch (strategy) { \
120 		case CLOEXEC_EXPERIMENT: default: { \
121 		    int res = (GENOPEN_CLOEXEC), eno; \
122 		    if (LIKELY(res != -1)) { \
123 			int fdflags = fcntl((TESTFD), F_GETFD); \
124 			if (LIKELY(fdflags != -1) && \
125 				LIKELY(fdflags & FD_CLOEXEC)) { \
126 			    strategy = CLOEXEC_AT_OPEN; \
127 			} else { \
128 			    strategy = CLOEXEC_AFTER_OPEN; \
129 			    GENSETFD_CLOEXEC; \
130 			} \
131 		    } else if (UNLIKELY((eno = errno) == EINVAL || \
132 						eno == ENOSYS)) { \
133 			res = (GENOPEN_NORMAL); \
134 			if (LIKELY(res != -1)) { \
135 			    strategy = CLOEXEC_AFTER_OPEN; \
136 			    GENSETFD_CLOEXEC; \
137 			} else if (!LIKELY((eno = errno) == EINVAL || \
138 						eno == ENOSYS)) { \
139 			    strategy = CLOEXEC_AFTER_OPEN; \
140 			} \
141 		    } \
142 		    return res; \
143 		} \
144 		case CLOEXEC_AT_OPEN: \
145 		    return (GENOPEN_CLOEXEC); \
146 		case CLOEXEC_AFTER_OPEN: \
147 		    DO_GENOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(GENOPEN_NORMAL, GENSETFD_CLOEXEC); \
148 	    } \
149 	} while(0)
150 #else
151 #  define DO_GENOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(strategy, TESTFD, GENOPEN_CLOEXEC, \
152 			GENOPEN_NORMAL, GENSETFD_CLOEXEC) \
153 	DO_GENOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(GENOPEN_NORMAL, GENSETFD_CLOEXEC)
154 #endif
155 
156 #define DO_ONEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(ONEOPEN_NORMAL) \
157 	do { \
158 	    int fd; \
159 	    DO_GENOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(fd = (ONEOPEN_NORMAL), \
160 		setfd_cloexec(fd)); \
161 	} while(0)
162 #define DO_ONEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(strategy, \
163                 ONEOPEN_CLOEXEC, ONEOPEN_NORMAL) \
164 	do { \
165 	    int fd; \
166 	    DO_GENOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(strategy, \
167                 fd, \
168                 fd = (ONEOPEN_CLOEXEC), \
169 		fd = (ONEOPEN_NORMAL), setfd_cloexec(fd)); \
170 	} while(0)
171 
172 #define DO_PIPESETFD_CLOEXEC(PIPEFD) \
173 	do { \
174 	    setfd_cloexec((PIPEFD)[0]); \
175 	    setfd_cloexec((PIPEFD)[1]); \
176 	} while(0)
177 #define DO_PIPEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(PIPEFD, PIPEOPEN_NORMAL) \
178 	DO_GENOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(PIPEOPEN_NORMAL, DO_PIPESETFD_CLOEXEC(PIPEFD))
179 #define DO_PIPEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(strategy, PIPEFD, PIPEOPEN_CLOEXEC, \
180 			PIPEOPEN_NORMAL) \
181 	DO_GENOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(strategy, \
182                 (PIPEFD)[0], PIPEOPEN_CLOEXEC, \
183 	    PIPEOPEN_NORMAL, DO_PIPESETFD_CLOEXEC(PIPEFD))
184 
185 int
186 Perl_PerlLIO_dup_cloexec(pTHX_ int oldfd)
187 {
188 #if !defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) && defined(F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC)
189     /*
190      * struct IPerlLIO doesn't cover fcntl(), and there's no clear way
191      * to extend it, so for the time being this just isn't available on
192      * PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS builds.
193      */
194     dVAR;
195     DO_ONEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(
196         PL_strategy_dup,
197 	fcntl(oldfd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0),
198 	PerlLIO_dup(oldfd));
199 #else
200     DO_ONEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(PerlLIO_dup(oldfd));
201 #endif
202 }
203 
204 int
205 Perl_PerlLIO_dup2_cloexec(pTHX_ int oldfd, int newfd)
206 {
207 #if !defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) && defined(HAS_DUP3) && defined(O_CLOEXEC)
208     /*
209      * struct IPerlLIO doesn't cover dup3(), and there's no clear way
210      * to extend it, so for the time being this just isn't available on
211      * PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS builds.
212      */
213     dVAR;
214     DO_ONEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(
215         PL_strategy_dup2,
216 	dup3(oldfd, newfd, O_CLOEXEC),
217 	PerlLIO_dup2(oldfd, newfd));
218 #else
219     DO_ONEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(PerlLIO_dup2(oldfd, newfd));
220 #endif
221 }
222 
223 int
224 Perl_PerlLIO_open_cloexec(pTHX_ const char *file, int flag)
225 {
226     dVAR;
227     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERLLIO_OPEN_CLOEXEC;
228 #if defined(O_CLOEXEC)
229     DO_ONEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(
230         PL_strategy_open,
231 	PerlLIO_open(file, flag | O_CLOEXEC),
232 	PerlLIO_open(file, flag));
233 #else
234     DO_ONEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(PerlLIO_open(file, flag));
235 #endif
236 }
237 
238 int
239 Perl_PerlLIO_open3_cloexec(pTHX_ const char *file, int flag, int perm)
240 {
241     dVAR;
242     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERLLIO_OPEN3_CLOEXEC;
243 #if defined(O_CLOEXEC)
244     DO_ONEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(
245         PL_strategy_open3,
246 	PerlLIO_open3(file, flag | O_CLOEXEC, perm),
247 	PerlLIO_open3(file, flag, perm));
248 #else
249     DO_ONEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(PerlLIO_open3(file, flag, perm));
250 #endif
251 }
252 
253 int
254 Perl_my_mkstemp_cloexec(char *templte)
255 {
256     dVAR;
257     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_MKSTEMP_CLOEXEC;
258 #if defined(O_CLOEXEC)
259     DO_ONEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(
260         PL_strategy_mkstemp,
261 	Perl_my_mkostemp(templte, O_CLOEXEC),
262 	Perl_my_mkstemp(templte));
263 #else
264     DO_ONEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(Perl_my_mkstemp(templte));
265 #endif
266 }
267 
268 #ifdef HAS_PIPE
269 int
270 Perl_PerlProc_pipe_cloexec(pTHX_ int *pipefd)
271 {
272     dVAR;
273     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERLPROC_PIPE_CLOEXEC;
274     /*
275      * struct IPerlProc doesn't cover pipe2(), and there's no clear way
276      * to extend it, so for the time being this just isn't available on
277      * PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS builds.
278      */
279 #  if !defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) && defined(HAS_PIPE2) && defined(O_CLOEXEC)
280     DO_PIPEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(PL_strategy_pipe, pipefd,
281 	pipe2(pipefd, O_CLOEXEC),
282 	PerlProc_pipe(pipefd));
283 #  else
284     DO_PIPEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(pipefd, PerlProc_pipe(pipefd));
285 #  endif
286 }
287 #endif
288 
289 #ifdef HAS_SOCKET
290 
291 int
292 Perl_PerlSock_socket_cloexec(pTHX_ int domain, int type, int protocol)
293 {
294 #  if defined(SOCK_CLOEXEC)
295     dVAR;
296     DO_ONEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(
297         PL_strategy_socket,
298 	PerlSock_socket(domain, type | SOCK_CLOEXEC, protocol),
299 	PerlSock_socket(domain, type, protocol));
300 #  else
301     DO_ONEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(PerlSock_socket(domain, type, protocol));
302 #  endif
303 }
304 
305 int
306 Perl_PerlSock_accept_cloexec(pTHX_ int listenfd, struct sockaddr *addr,
307     Sock_size_t *addrlen)
308 {
309 #  if !defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) && \
310 	defined(HAS_ACCEPT4) && defined(SOCK_CLOEXEC)
311     /*
312      * struct IPerlSock doesn't cover accept4(), and there's no clear
313      * way to extend it, so for the time being this just isn't available
314      * on PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS builds.
315      */
316     dVAR;
317     DO_ONEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(
318         PL_strategy_accept,
319 	accept4(listenfd, addr, addrlen, SOCK_CLOEXEC),
320 	PerlSock_accept(listenfd, addr, addrlen));
321 #  else
322     DO_ONEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(PerlSock_accept(listenfd, addr, addrlen));
323 #  endif
324 }
325 
326 #endif
327 
328 #if defined (HAS_SOCKETPAIR) || \
329     (defined (HAS_SOCKET) && defined(SOCK_DGRAM) && \
330 	defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET))
331 int
332 Perl_PerlSock_socketpair_cloexec(pTHX_ int domain, int type, int protocol,
333     int *pairfd)
334 {
335     dVAR;
336     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERLSOCK_SOCKETPAIR_CLOEXEC;
337 #  ifdef SOCK_CLOEXEC
338     DO_PIPEOPEN_EXPERIMENTING_CLOEXEC(PL_strategy_socketpair, pairfd,
339 	PerlSock_socketpair(domain, type | SOCK_CLOEXEC, protocol, pairfd),
340 	PerlSock_socketpair(domain, type, protocol, pairfd));
341 #  else
342     DO_PIPEOPEN_THEN_CLOEXEC(pairfd,
343 	PerlSock_socketpair(domain, type, protocol, pairfd));
344 #  endif
345 }
346 #endif
347 
348 static IO *
349 S_openn_setup(pTHX_ GV *gv, char *mode, PerlIO **saveifp, PerlIO **saveofp,
350               int *savefd,  char *savetype)
351 {
352     IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
353 
354     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPENN_SETUP;
355 
356     *saveifp = NULL;
357     *saveofp = NULL;
358     *savefd = -1;
359     *savetype = IoTYPE_CLOSED;
360 
361     Zero(mode,sizeof(mode),char);
362     PL_forkprocess = 1;		/* assume true if no fork */
363 
364     /* If currently open - close before we re-open */
365     if (IoIFP(io)) {
366 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_STD) {
367 	    /* This is a clone of one of STD* handles */
368 	}
369 	else {
370             const int old_fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
371 
372             if (old_fd >= 0 && old_fd <= PL_maxsysfd) {
373                 /* This is one of the original STD* handles */
374                 *saveifp  = IoIFP(io);
375                 *saveofp  = IoOFP(io);
376                 *savetype = IoTYPE(io);
377                 *savefd   = old_fd;
378             }
379             else {
380                 int result;
381 
382                 if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_PIPE)
383                     result = PerlProc_pclose(IoIFP(io));
384                 else if (IoIFP(io) != IoOFP(io)) {
385                     if (IoOFP(io)) {
386                         result = PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io));
387                         PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io)); /* clear stdio, fd already closed */
388                     }
389                     else
390                         result = PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
391                 }
392                 else
393                     result = PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
394 
395                 if (result == EOF && old_fd > PL_maxsysfd) {
396                     /* Why is this not Perl_warn*() call ? */
397                     PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
398                                   "Warning: unable to close filehandle %" HEKf
399                                   " properly.\n",
400                                   HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv))
401                         );
402                 }
403             }
404         }
405 	IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = NULL;
406     }
407     return io;
408 }
409 
410 bool
411 Perl_do_openn(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *oname, I32 len, int as_raw,
412 	      int rawmode, int rawperm, PerlIO *supplied_fp, SV **svp,
413 	      I32 num_svs)
414 {
415     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_OPENN;
416 
417     if (as_raw) {
418         /* sysopen style args, i.e. integer mode and permissions */
419 
420 	if (num_svs != 0) {
421 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sysopen with multiple args, num_svs=%ld",
422 		       (long) num_svs);
423 	}
424         return do_open_raw(gv, oname, len, rawmode, rawperm, NULL);
425     }
426     return do_open6(gv, oname, len, supplied_fp, svp, num_svs);
427 }
428 
429 bool
430 Perl_do_open_raw(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *oname, STRLEN len,
431                  int rawmode, int rawperm, Stat_t *statbufp)
432 {
433     PerlIO *saveifp;
434     PerlIO *saveofp;
435     int savefd;
436     char savetype;
437     char mode[PERL_MODE_MAX];	/* file mode ("r\0", "rb\0", "ab\0" etc.) */
438     IO * const io = openn_setup(gv, mode, &saveifp, &saveofp, &savefd, &savetype);
439     int writing = 0;
440     PerlIO *fp;
441 
442     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_OPEN_RAW;
443 
444     /* For ease of blame back to 5.000, keep the existing indenting. */
445     {
446         /* sysopen style args, i.e. integer mode and permissions */
447 	STRLEN ix = 0;
448 	const int appendtrunc =
449 	     0
450 #ifdef O_APPEND	/* Not fully portable. */
451 	     |O_APPEND
452 #endif
453 #ifdef O_TRUNC	/* Not fully portable. */
454 	     |O_TRUNC
455 #endif
456 	     ;
457 	const int modifyingmode = O_WRONLY|O_RDWR|O_CREAT|appendtrunc;
458 	int ismodifying;
459         SV *namesv;
460 
461 	/* It's not always
462 
463 	   O_RDONLY 0
464 	   O_WRONLY 1
465 	   O_RDWR   2
466 
467 	   It might be (in OS/390 and Mac OS Classic it is)
468 
469 	   O_WRONLY 1
470 	   O_RDONLY 2
471 	   O_RDWR   3
472 
473 	   This means that simple & with O_RDWR would look
474 	   like O_RDONLY is present.  Therefore we have to
475 	   be more careful.
476 	*/
477 	if ((ismodifying = (rawmode & modifyingmode))) {
478 	     if ((ismodifying & O_WRONLY) == O_WRONLY ||
479 		 (ismodifying & O_RDWR)   == O_RDWR   ||
480 		 (ismodifying & (O_CREAT|appendtrunc)))
481 		  TAINT_PROPER("sysopen");
482 	}
483 	mode[ix++] = IoTYPE_NUMERIC; /* Marker to openn to use numeric "sysopen" */
484 
485 #if defined(USE_64_BIT_RAWIO) && defined(O_LARGEFILE)
486 	rawmode |= O_LARGEFILE;	/* Transparently largefiley. */
487 #endif
488 
489         IoTYPE(io) = PerlIO_intmode2str(rawmode, &mode[ix], &writing);
490 
491 	namesv = newSVpvn_flags(oname, len, SVs_TEMP);
492 	fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ NULL, mode, -1, rawmode, rawperm, NULL, 1, &namesv);
493     }
494     return openn_cleanup(gv, io, fp, mode, oname, saveifp, saveofp, savefd,
495                          savetype, writing, 0, NULL, statbufp);
496 }
497 
498 bool
499 Perl_do_open6(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *oname, STRLEN len,
500               PerlIO *supplied_fp, SV **svp, U32 num_svs)
501 {
502     PerlIO *saveifp;
503     PerlIO *saveofp;
504     int savefd;
505     char savetype;
506     char mode[PERL_MODE_MAX];	/* file mode ("r\0", "rb\0", "ab\0" etc.) */
507     IO * const io = openn_setup(gv, mode, &saveifp, &saveofp, &savefd, &savetype);
508     int writing = 0;
509     PerlIO *fp;
510     bool was_fdopen = FALSE;
511     char *type  = NULL;
512 
513     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_OPEN6;
514 
515     /* For ease of blame back to 5.000, keep the existing indenting. */
516     {
517 	/* Regular (non-sys) open */
518 	char *name;
519 	STRLEN olen = len;
520 	char *tend;
521 	int dodup = 0;
522         bool in_raw = 0, in_crlf = 0, out_raw = 0, out_crlf = 0;
523 
524         /* Collect default raw/crlf info from the op */
525         if (PL_op && PL_op->op_type == OP_OPEN) {
526             /* set up IO layers */
527             const U8 flags = PL_op->op_private;
528             in_raw = (flags & OPpOPEN_IN_RAW);
529             in_crlf = (flags & OPpOPEN_IN_CRLF);
530             out_raw = (flags & OPpOPEN_OUT_RAW);
531             out_crlf = (flags & OPpOPEN_OUT_CRLF);
532         }
533 
534 	type = savepvn(oname, len);
535 	tend = type+len;
536 	SAVEFREEPV(type);
537 
538         /* Lose leading and trailing white space */
539 	while (isSPACE(*type))
540 	    type++;
541         while (tend > type && isSPACE(tend[-1]))
542 	    *--tend = '\0';
543 
544 	if (num_svs) {
545             const char *p;
546             STRLEN nlen = 0;
547 	    /* New style explicit name, type is just mode and layer info */
548 #ifdef USE_STDIO
549 	    if (SvROK(*svp) && !memchr(oname, '&', len)) {
550 		if (ckWARN(WARN_IO))
551 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
552 			    "Can't open a reference");
553 		SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB_INVARG);
554                 fp = NULL;
555 		goto say_false;
556 	    }
557 #endif /* USE_STDIO */
558             p = (SvOK(*svp) || SvGMAGICAL(*svp)) ? SvPV(*svp, nlen) : NULL;
559 
560             if (p && !IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(p, nlen, "open")) {
561                 fp = NULL;
562                 goto say_false;
563             }
564 
565 	    name = p ? savepvn(p, nlen) : savepvs("");
566 
567 	    SAVEFREEPV(name);
568 	}
569 	else {
570 	    name = type;
571 	    len  = tend-type;
572 	}
573 	IoTYPE(io) = *type;
574 	if ((*type == IoTYPE_RDWR) && /* scary */
575            (*(type+1) == IoTYPE_RDONLY || *(type+1) == IoTYPE_WRONLY) &&
576 	    ((!num_svs || (tend > type+1 && tend[-1] != IoTYPE_PIPE)))) {
577 	    TAINT_PROPER("open");
578 	    mode[1] = *type++;
579 	    writing = 1;
580 	}
581 
582 	if (*type == IoTYPE_PIPE) {
583 	    if (num_svs) {
584 		if (type[1] != IoTYPE_STD) {
585 	          unknown_open_mode:
586 		    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown open() mode '%.*s'", (int)olen, oname);
587 		}
588 		type++;
589 	    }
590 	    do {
591 		type++;
592 	    } while (isSPACE(*type));
593 	    if (!num_svs) {
594 		name = type;
595 		len = tend-type;
596 	    }
597 	    if (*name == '\0') {
598 		/* command is missing 19990114 */
599 		if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
600 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Missing command in piped open");
601 		errno = EPIPE;
602                 fp = NULL;
603 		goto say_false;
604 	    }
605 	    if (!(*name == '-' && name[1] == '\0') || num_svs)
606 		TAINT_ENV();
607 	    TAINT_PROPER("piped open");
608 	    if (!num_svs && name[len-1] == '|') {
609 		name[--len] = '\0' ;
610 		if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
611 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Can't open bidirectional pipe");
612 	    }
613 	    mode[0] = 'w';
614 	    writing = 1;
615             if (out_raw)
616 		mode[1] = 'b';
617             else if (out_crlf)
618 		mode[1] = 't';
619 	    if (num_svs > 1) {
620 		fp = PerlProc_popen_list(mode, num_svs, svp);
621 	    }
622 	    else {
623 		fp = PerlProc_popen(name,mode);
624 	    }
625 	    if (num_svs) {
626 		if (*type) {
627 		    if (PerlIO_apply_layers(aTHX_ fp, mode, type) != 0) {
628                         fp = NULL;
629 			goto say_false;
630 		    }
631 		}
632 	    }
633 	} /* IoTYPE_PIPE */
634 	else if (*type == IoTYPE_WRONLY) {
635 	    TAINT_PROPER("open");
636 	    type++;
637 	    if (*type == IoTYPE_WRONLY) {
638 		/* Two IoTYPE_WRONLYs in a row make for an IoTYPE_APPEND. */
639 		mode[0] = IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_APPEND;
640 		type++;
641 	    }
642 	    else {
643 		mode[0] = 'w';
644 	    }
645 	    writing = 1;
646 
647             if (out_raw)
648 		mode[1] = 'b';
649             else if (out_crlf)
650 		mode[1] = 't';
651 	    if (*type == '&') {
652 	      duplicity:
653 		dodup = PERLIO_DUP_FD;
654 		type++;
655 		if (*type == '=') {
656 		    dodup = 0;
657 		    type++;
658 		}
659 		if (!num_svs && !*type && supplied_fp) {
660 		    /* "<+&" etc. is used by typemaps */
661 		    fp = supplied_fp;
662 		}
663 		else {
664 		    PerlIO *that_fp = NULL;
665                     int wanted_fd;
666                     UV uv;
667 		    if (num_svs > 1) {
668 			/* diag_listed_as: More than one argument to '%s' open */
669 			Perl_croak(aTHX_ "More than one argument to '%c&' open",IoTYPE(io));
670 		    }
671 		    while (isSPACE(*type))
672 			type++;
673 		    if (num_svs && (
674 			     SvIOK(*svp)
675 			  || (SvPOKp(*svp) && looks_like_number(*svp))
676 		       )) {
677                         wanted_fd = SvUV(*svp);
678 			num_svs = 0;
679 		    }
680 		    else if (isDIGIT(*type)
681                         && grok_atoUV(type, &uv, NULL)
682                         && uv <= INT_MAX
683                     ) {
684                         wanted_fd = (int)uv;
685 		    }
686 		    else {
687 			const IO* thatio;
688 			if (num_svs) {
689 			    thatio = sv_2io(*svp);
690 			}
691 			else {
692 			    GV * const thatgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(type, tend - type,
693 						       0, SVt_PVIO);
694 			    thatio = GvIO(thatgv);
695 			}
696 			if (!thatio) {
697 #ifdef EINVAL
698 			    SETERRNO(EINVAL,SS_IVCHAN);
699 #endif
700                             fp = NULL;
701 			    goto say_false;
702 			}
703 			if ((that_fp = IoIFP(thatio))) {
704 			    /* Flush stdio buffer before dup. --mjd
705 			     * Unfortunately SEEK_CURing 0 seems to
706 			     * be optimized away on most platforms;
707 			     * only Solaris and Linux seem to flush
708 			     * on that. --jhi */
709 			    /* On the other hand, do all platforms
710 			     * take gracefully to flushing a read-only
711 			     * filehandle?  Perhaps we should do
712 			     * fsetpos(src)+fgetpos(dst)?  --nik */
713 			    PerlIO_flush(that_fp);
714 			    wanted_fd = PerlIO_fileno(that_fp);
715 			    /* When dup()ing STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
716 			     * explicitly set appropriate access mode */
717 			    if (that_fp == PerlIO_stdout()
718 				|| that_fp == PerlIO_stderr())
719 			        IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
720 			    else if (that_fp == PerlIO_stdin())
721                                 IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
722 			    /* When dup()ing a socket, say result is
723 			     * one as well */
724 			    else if (IoTYPE(thatio) == IoTYPE_SOCKET)
725 				IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
726 			}
727                         else {
728                             SETERRNO(EBADF, RMS_IFI);
729                             fp = NULL;
730                             goto say_false;
731                         }
732 		    }
733 		    if (!num_svs)
734 			type = NULL;
735 		    if (that_fp) {
736 			fp = PerlIO_fdupopen(aTHX_ that_fp, NULL, dodup);
737 		    }
738 		    else {
739 			if (dodup)
740                             wanted_fd = PerlLIO_dup_cloexec(wanted_fd);
741 			else
742 			    was_fdopen = TRUE;
743                         if (!(fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,wanted_fd,0,0,NULL,num_svs,svp))) {
744                             if (dodup && wanted_fd >= 0)
745                                 PerlLIO_close(wanted_fd);
746 			}
747 		    }
748 		}
749 	    } /* & */
750 	    else {
751 		while (isSPACE(*type))
752 		    type++;
753 		if (*type == IoTYPE_STD && (!type[1] || isSPACE(type[1]) || type[1] == ':')) {
754 		    type++;
755 		    fp = PerlIO_stdout();
756 		    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_STD;
757 		    if (num_svs > 1) {
758 			/* diag_listed_as: More than one argument to '%s' open */
759 			Perl_croak(aTHX_ "More than one argument to '>%c' open",IoTYPE_STD);
760 		    }
761 		}
762 		else  {
763 		    if (num_svs) {
764                         fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,-1,0,0,NULL,num_svs,svp);
765                     }
766                     else {
767                         SV *namesv = newSVpvn_flags(type, tend - type, SVs_TEMP);
768 		        type = NULL;
769                         fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,-1,0,0,NULL,1,&namesv);
770 		    }
771 		}
772 	    } /* !& */
773 	    if (!fp && type && *type && *type != ':' && !isIDFIRST(*type))
774 	       goto unknown_open_mode;
775 	} /* IoTYPE_WRONLY */
776 	else if (*type == IoTYPE_RDONLY) {
777 	    do {
778 		type++;
779 	    } while (isSPACE(*type));
780 	    mode[0] = 'r';
781             if (in_raw)
782 		mode[1] = 'b';
783             else if (in_crlf)
784 		mode[1] = 't';
785 	    if (*type == '&') {
786 		goto duplicity;
787 	    }
788 	    if (*type == IoTYPE_STD && (!type[1] || isSPACE(type[1]) || type[1] == ':')) {
789 		type++;
790 		fp = PerlIO_stdin();
791 		IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_STD;
792 		if (num_svs > 1) {
793 		    /* diag_listed_as: More than one argument to '%s' open */
794 		    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "More than one argument to '<%c' open",IoTYPE_STD);
795 		}
796 	    }
797 	    else {
798 		if (num_svs) {
799                     fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,-1,0,0,NULL,num_svs,svp);
800                 }
801                 else {
802                     SV *namesv  = newSVpvn_flags(type, tend - type, SVs_TEMP);
803 		    type = NULL;
804                     fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,-1,0,0,NULL,1,&namesv);
805 		}
806 	    }
807 	    if (!fp && type && *type && *type != ':' && !isIDFIRST(*type))
808 	       goto unknown_open_mode;
809 	} /* IoTYPE_RDONLY */
810 	else if ((num_svs && /* '-|...' or '...|' */
811 		  type[0] == IoTYPE_STD && type[1] == IoTYPE_PIPE) ||
812 	         (!num_svs && tend > type+1 && tend[-1] == IoTYPE_PIPE)) {
813 	    if (num_svs) {
814 		type += 2;   /* skip over '-|' */
815 	    }
816 	    else {
817 		*--tend = '\0';
818 		while (tend > type && isSPACE(tend[-1]))
819 		    *--tend = '\0';
820 		for (; isSPACE(*type); type++)
821 		    ;
822 		name = type;
823 	        len  = tend-type;
824 	    }
825 	    if (*name == '\0') {
826 		/* command is missing 19990114 */
827 		if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
828 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Missing command in piped open");
829 		errno = EPIPE;
830                 fp = NULL;
831 		goto say_false;
832 	    }
833 	    if (!(*name == '-' && name[1] == '\0') || num_svs)
834 		TAINT_ENV();
835 	    TAINT_PROPER("piped open");
836 	    mode[0] = 'r';
837 
838             if (in_raw)
839 		mode[1] = 'b';
840             else if (in_crlf)
841 		mode[1] = 't';
842 
843 	    if (num_svs > 1) {
844 		fp = PerlProc_popen_list(mode,num_svs,svp);
845 	    }
846 	    else {
847 		fp = PerlProc_popen(name,mode);
848 	    }
849 	    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_PIPE;
850 	    if (num_svs) {
851 		while (isSPACE(*type))
852 		    type++;
853 		if (*type) {
854 		    if (PerlIO_apply_layers(aTHX_ fp, mode, type) != 0) {
855                         fp = NULL;
856 			goto say_false;
857 		    }
858 		}
859 	    }
860 	}
861 	else { /* layer(Args) */
862 	    if (num_svs)
863 		goto unknown_open_mode;
864 	    name = type;
865 	    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
866 	    for (; isSPACE(*name); name++)
867 		;
868 	    mode[0] = 'r';
869 
870             if (in_raw)
871 		mode[1] = 'b';
872             else if (in_crlf)
873 		mode[1] = 't';
874 
875 	    if (*name == '-' && name[1] == '\0') {
876 		fp = PerlIO_stdin();
877 		IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_STD;
878 	    }
879 	    else {
880 		if (num_svs) {
881                     fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,-1,0,0,NULL,num_svs,svp);
882                 }
883                 else {
884 		    SV *namesv = newSVpvn_flags(type, tend - type, SVs_TEMP);
885 		    type = NULL;
886                     fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,-1,0,0,NULL,1,&namesv);
887 		}
888 	    }
889 	}
890     }
891 
892   say_false:
893     return openn_cleanup(gv, io, fp, mode, oname, saveifp, saveofp, savefd,
894                          savetype, writing, was_fdopen, type, NULL);
895 }
896 
897 /* Yes, this is ugly, but it's private, and I don't see a cleaner way to
898    simplify the two-headed public interface of do_openn. */
899 static bool
900 S_openn_cleanup(pTHX_ GV *gv, IO *io, PerlIO *fp, char *mode, const char *oname,
901                 PerlIO *saveifp, PerlIO *saveofp, int savefd, char savetype,
902                 int writing, bool was_fdopen, const char *type, Stat_t *statbufp)
903 {
904     int fd;
905     Stat_t statbuf;
906 
907     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPENN_CLEANUP;
908 
909     Zero(&statbuf, 1, Stat_t);
910 
911     if (!fp) {
912 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDONLY && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE)
913 	    && should_warn_nl(oname)
914 
915 	)
916         {
917             GCC_DIAG_IGNORE_STMT(-Wformat-nonliteral); /* PL_warn_nl is constant */
918 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NEWLINE), PL_warn_nl, "open");
919             GCC_DIAG_RESTORE_STMT;
920         }
921 	goto say_false;
922     }
923 
924     if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
925 	if ((IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDONLY) &&
926 	    (fp == PerlIO_stdout() || fp == PerlIO_stderr())) {
927 		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
928 			    "Filehandle STD%s reopened as %" HEKf
929 			    " only for input",
930 			    ((fp == PerlIO_stdout()) ? "OUT" : "ERR"),
931 			    HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv)));
932 	}
933 	else if ((IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY) && fp == PerlIO_stdin()) {
934 		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
935 		    "Filehandle STDIN reopened as %" HEKf " only for output",
936 		     HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(gv))
937 		);
938 	}
939     }
940 
941     fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
942     /* Do NOT do: "if (fd < 0) goto say_false;" here.  If there is no
943      * fd assume it isn't a socket - this covers PerlIO::scalar -
944      * otherwise unless we "know" the type probe for socket-ness.
945      */
946     if (IoTYPE(io) && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_PIPE && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_STD && fd >= 0) {
947 	if (PerlLIO_fstat(fd,&statbuf) < 0) {
948 	    /* If PerlIO claims to have fd we had better be able to fstat() it. */
949 	    (void) PerlIO_close(fp);
950 	    goto say_false;
951 	}
952 #ifndef PERL_MICRO
953 	if (S_ISSOCK(statbuf.st_mode))
954 	    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;	/* in case a socket was passed in to us */
955 #ifdef HAS_SOCKET
956 	else if (
957 	    !(statbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT)
958 	    && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_WRONLY  /* Dups of STD* filehandles already have */
959 	    && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_RDONLY  /* type so they aren't marked as sockets */
960 	) {				    /* on OS's that return 0 on fstat()ed pipe */
961 	     char tmpbuf[256];
962 	     Sock_size_t buflen = sizeof tmpbuf;
963 	     if (PerlSock_getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)tmpbuf, &buflen) >= 0
964 		      || errno != ENOTSOCK)
965 		    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET; /* some OS's return 0 on fstat()ed socket */
966 				                /* but some return 0 for streams too, sigh */
967 	}
968 #endif /* HAS_SOCKET */
969 #endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
970     }
971 
972     /* Eeek - FIXME !!!
973      * If this is a standard handle we discard all the layer stuff
974      * and just dup the fd into whatever was on the handle before !
975      */
976 
977     if (saveifp) {		/* must use old fp? */
978         /* If fd is less that PL_maxsysfd i.e. STDIN..STDERR
979            then dup the new fileno down
980          */
981 	if (saveofp) {
982 	    PerlIO_flush(saveofp);	/* emulate PerlIO_close() */
983 	    if (saveofp != saveifp) {	/* was a socket? */
984 		PerlIO_close(saveofp);
985 	    }
986 	}
987 	if (savefd != fd) {
988 	    /* Still a small can-of-worms here if (say) PerlIO::scalar
989 	       is assigned to (say) STDOUT - for now let dup2() fail
990 	       and provide the error
991 	     */
992 	    if (fd < 0) {
993                 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
994 		goto say_false;
995             } else if (PerlLIO_dup2(fd, savefd) < 0) {
996 		(void)PerlIO_close(fp);
997 		goto say_false;
998 	    }
999 #ifdef VMS
1000 	    if (savefd != PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stdin())) {
1001                 char newname[FILENAME_MAX+1];
1002                 if (PerlIO_getname(fp, newname)) {
1003                     if (fd == PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stdout()))
1004                         vmssetuserlnm("SYS$OUTPUT", newname);
1005                     if (fd == PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stderr()))
1006                         vmssetuserlnm("SYS$ERROR", newname);
1007                 }
1008 	    }
1009 #endif
1010 
1011 #if !defined(WIN32)
1012            /* PL_fdpid isn't used on Windows, so avoid this useless work.
1013             * XXX Probably the same for a lot of other places. */
1014             {
1015                 Pid_t pid;
1016                 SV *sv;
1017 
1018                 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,fd,TRUE);
1019                 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_IV);
1020                 pid = SvIVX(sv);
1021                 SvIV_set(sv, 0);
1022                 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,savefd,TRUE);
1023                 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_IV);
1024                 SvIV_set(sv, pid);
1025             }
1026 #endif
1027 
1028 	    if (was_fdopen) {
1029                 /* need to close fp without closing underlying fd */
1030                 int ofd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
1031                 int dupfd = ofd >= 0 ? PerlLIO_dup_cloexec(ofd) : -1;
1032                 if (ofd < 0 || dupfd < 0) {
1033                     if (dupfd >= 0)
1034                         PerlLIO_close(dupfd);
1035                     goto say_false;
1036                 }
1037                 PerlIO_close(fp);
1038                 PerlLIO_dup2_cloexec(dupfd, ofd);
1039                 setfd_inhexec_for_sysfd(ofd);
1040                 PerlLIO_close(dupfd);
1041 	    }
1042             else
1043 		PerlIO_close(fp);
1044 	}
1045 	fp = saveifp;
1046 	PerlIO_clearerr(fp);
1047 	fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
1048     }
1049     IoIFP(io) = fp;
1050 
1051     IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_NOLINE;
1052     if (writing) {
1053 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET
1054 	    || (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY && fd >= 0 && S_ISCHR(statbuf.st_mode)) ) {
1055 	    char *s = mode;
1056 	    if (*s == IoTYPE_IMPLICIT || *s == IoTYPE_NUMERIC)
1057 	      s++;
1058 	    *s = 'w';
1059 	    if (!(IoOFP(io) = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,s,fd,0,0,NULL,0,NULL))) {
1060 		PerlIO_close(fp);
1061 		goto say_false;
1062 	    }
1063 	}
1064 	else
1065 	    IoOFP(io) = fp;
1066     }
1067     if (statbufp)
1068         *statbufp = statbuf;
1069 
1070     return TRUE;
1071 
1072   say_false:
1073     IoIFP(io) = saveifp;
1074     IoOFP(io) = saveofp;
1075     IoTYPE(io) = savetype;
1076     return FALSE;
1077 }
1078 
1079 /* Open a temp file in the same directory as an original name.
1080 */
1081 
1082 static bool
1083 S_openindirtemp(pTHX_ GV *gv, SV *orig_name, SV *temp_out_name) {
1084     int fd;
1085     PerlIO *fp;
1086     const char *p = SvPV_nolen(orig_name);
1087     const char *sep;
1088 
1089     /* look for the last directory separator */
1090     sep = strrchr(p, '/');
1091 
1092 #ifdef DOSISH
1093     {
1094         const char *sep2;
1095         if ((sep2 = strrchr(sep ? sep : p, '\\')))
1096             sep = sep2;
1097     }
1098 #endif
1099 #ifdef VMS
1100     if (!sep) {
1101         const char *openp = strchr(p, '[');
1102         if (openp)
1103             sep = strchr(openp, ']');
1104         else {
1105             sep = strchr(p, ':');
1106         }
1107     }
1108 #endif
1109     if (sep) {
1110         sv_setpvn(temp_out_name, p, sep - p + 1);
1111         sv_catpvs(temp_out_name, "XXXXXXXX");
1112     }
1113     else
1114         sv_setpvs(temp_out_name, "XXXXXXXX");
1115 
1116     {
1117       int old_umask = umask(0177);
1118       fd = Perl_my_mkstemp_cloexec(SvPVX(temp_out_name));
1119       umask(old_umask);
1120     }
1121 
1122     if (fd < 0)
1123         return FALSE;
1124 
1125     fp = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "w+");
1126     if (!fp)
1127         return FALSE;
1128 
1129     return do_openn(gv, "+>&", 3, 0, 0, 0, fp, NULL, 0);
1130 }
1131 
1132 #if defined(HAS_UNLINKAT) && defined(HAS_RENAMEAT) && defined(HAS_FCHMODAT) && \
1133     (defined(HAS_DIRFD) || defined(HAS_DIR_DD_FD)) && !defined(NO_USE_ATFUNCTIONS) && \
1134     defined(HAS_LINKAT)
1135 #  define ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1136 #endif
1137 
1138 /* Win32 doesn't necessarily return useful information
1139  * in st_dev, st_ino.
1140  */
1141 #ifndef DOSISH
1142 #  define ARGV_USE_STAT_INO
1143 #endif
1144 
1145 #define ARGVMG_BACKUP_NAME 0
1146 #define ARGVMG_TEMP_NAME 1
1147 #define ARGVMG_ORIG_NAME 2
1148 #define ARGVMG_ORIG_MODE 3
1149 #define ARGVMG_ORIG_PID 4
1150 
1151 /* we store the entire stat_t since the ino_t and dev_t values might
1152    not fit in an IV.  I could have created a new structure and
1153    transferred them across, but this seemed too much effort for very
1154    little win.
1155 
1156    We store it even when the *at() functions are available, since
1157    while the C runtime might have definitions for these functions, the
1158    operating system or a specific filesystem might not implement them.
1159    eg. NetBSD 6 implements linkat() but only where the fds are AT_FDCWD.
1160  */
1161 #ifdef ARGV_USE_STAT_INO
1162 #  define ARGVMG_ORIG_CWD_STAT 5
1163 #endif
1164 
1165 #ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1166 #  define ARGVMG_ORIG_DIRP 6
1167 #endif
1168 
1169 #ifdef ENOTSUP
1170 #define NotSupported(e) ((e) == ENOSYS || (e) == ENOTSUP)
1171 #else
1172 #define NotSupported(e) ((e) == ENOSYS)
1173 #endif
1174 
1175 static int
1176 S_argvout_free(pTHX_ SV *io, MAGIC *mg) {
1177     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(io);
1178 
1179     /* note this can be entered once the file has been
1180        successfully deleted too */
1181     assert(IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_PIPE);
1182 
1183     /* mg_obj can be NULL if a thread is created with the handle open, in which
1184      case we leave any clean up to the parent thread */
1185     if (mg->mg_obj) {
1186 #ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1187         SV **dir_psv;
1188         DIR *dir;
1189 
1190         dir_psv = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_ORIG_DIRP, FALSE);
1191         assert(dir_psv && *dir_psv && SvIOK(*dir_psv));
1192         dir = INT2PTR(DIR *, SvIV(*dir_psv));
1193 #endif
1194         if (IoIFP(io)) {
1195             if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT && PL_statusvalue == 0) {
1196                 (void)argvout_final(mg, (IO*)io, FALSE);
1197             }
1198             else {
1199                 SV **pid_psv;
1200                 PerlIO *iop = IoIFP(io);
1201 
1202                 assert(SvTYPE(mg->mg_obj) == SVt_PVAV);
1203 
1204                 pid_psv = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_ORIG_PID, FALSE);
1205 
1206                 assert(pid_psv && *pid_psv);
1207 
1208                 if (SvIV(*pid_psv) == (IV)PerlProc_getpid()) {
1209                     /* if we get here the file hasn't been closed explicitly by the
1210                        user and hadn't been closed implicitly by nextargv(), so
1211                        abandon the edit */
1212                     SV **temp_psv = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_TEMP_NAME, FALSE);
1213                     const char *temp_pv = SvPVX(*temp_psv);
1214 
1215                     assert(temp_psv && *temp_psv && SvPOK(*temp_psv));
1216                     (void)PerlIO_close(iop);
1217                     IoIFP(io) = IoOFP(io) = NULL;
1218 #ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1219                     if (dir) {
1220                         if (unlinkat(my_dirfd(dir), temp_pv, 0) < 0 &&
1221                             NotSupported(errno))
1222                             (void)UNLINK(temp_pv);
1223                     }
1224 #else
1225                     (void)UNLINK(temp_pv);
1226 #endif
1227                 }
1228             }
1229         }
1230 #ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1231         if (dir)
1232             closedir(dir);
1233 #endif
1234     }
1235 
1236     return 0;
1237 }
1238 
1239 static int
1240 S_argvout_dup(pTHX_ MAGIC *mg, CLONE_PARAMS *param) {
1241     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(param);
1242 
1243     /* ideally we could just remove the magic from the SV but we don't get the SV here */
1244     SvREFCNT_dec(mg->mg_obj);
1245     mg->mg_obj = NULL;
1246 
1247     return 0;
1248 }
1249 
1250 /* Magic of this type has an AV containing the following:
1251    0: name of the backup file (if any)
1252    1: name of the temp output file
1253    2: name of the original file
1254    3: file mode of the original file
1255    4: pid of the process we opened at, to prevent doing the renaming
1256       etc in both the child and the parent after a fork
1257 
1258 If we have useful inode/device ids in stat_t we also keep:
1259    5: a stat of the original current working directory
1260 
1261 If we have unlinkat(), renameat(), fchmodat(), dirfd() we also keep:
1262    6: the DIR * for the current directory when we open the file, stored as an IV
1263  */
1264 
1265 static const MGVTBL argvout_vtbl =
1266     {
1267         NULL, /* svt_get */
1268         NULL, /* svt_set */
1269         NULL, /* svt_len */
1270         NULL, /* svt_clear */
1271         S_argvout_free, /* svt_free */
1272         NULL, /* svt_copy */
1273         S_argvout_dup,  /* svt_dup */
1274         NULL /* svt_local */
1275     };
1276 
1277 PerlIO *
1278 Perl_nextargv(pTHX_ GV *gv, bool nomagicopen)
1279 {
1280     IO * const io = GvIOp(gv);
1281     SV *const old_out_name = PL_inplace ? newSVsv(GvSV(gv)) : NULL;
1282 
1283     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEXTARGV;
1284 
1285     if (old_out_name)
1286         SAVEFREESV(old_out_name);
1287 
1288     if (!PL_argvoutgv)
1289 	PL_argvoutgv = gv_fetchpvs("ARGVOUT", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVIO);
1290     if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & (IOf_ARGV|IOf_START)) == (IOf_ARGV|IOf_START)) {
1291 	IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_START;
1292 	if (PL_inplace) {
1293 	    assert(PL_defoutgv);
1294 	    Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_argvout_stack,
1295 				    SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(PL_defoutgv));
1296 	}
1297     }
1298 
1299     {
1300         IO * const io = GvIOp(PL_argvoutgv);
1301         if (io && IoIFP(io) && old_out_name) {
1302             do_close(PL_argvoutgv, FALSE);
1303         }
1304     }
1305 
1306     PL_lastfd = -1;
1307     PL_filemode = 0;
1308     if (!GvAV(gv))
1309 	return NULL;
1310     while (av_tindex(GvAV(gv)) >= 0) {
1311 	STRLEN oldlen;
1312         SV *const sv = av_shift(GvAV(gv));
1313 	SAVEFREESV(sv);
1314 	SvTAINTED_off(GvSVn(gv)); /* previous tainting irrelevant */
1315 	sv_setsv(GvSVn(gv),sv);
1316 	SvSETMAGIC(GvSV(gv));
1317 	PL_oldname = SvPVx(GvSV(gv), oldlen);
1318         if (LIKELY(!PL_inplace)) {
1319             if (nomagicopen
1320                     ? do_open6(gv, "<", 1, NULL, &GvSV(gv), 1)
1321                     : do_open6(gv, PL_oldname, oldlen, NULL, NULL, 0)
1322                ) {
1323                 return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
1324             }
1325         }
1326         else {
1327             Stat_t statbuf;
1328             /* This very long block ends with return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
1329                Both this block and the block above fall through on open
1330                failure to the warning code, and then the while loop above tries
1331                the next entry. */
1332             if (do_open_raw(gv, PL_oldname, oldlen, O_RDONLY, 0, &statbuf)) {
1333 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
1334                 int filedev;
1335                 int fileino;
1336 #endif
1337 #ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1338                 DIR *curdir;
1339 #endif
1340                 Uid_t fileuid;
1341                 Gid_t filegid;
1342                 AV *magic_av = NULL;
1343                 SV *temp_name_sv = NULL;
1344                 MAGIC *mg;
1345 
1346 		TAINT_PROPER("inplace open");
1347 		if (oldlen == 1 && *PL_oldname == '-') {
1348 		    setdefout(gv_fetchpvs("STDOUT", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL,
1349 					  SVt_PVIO));
1350 		    return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
1351 		}
1352 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
1353 		filedev = statbuf.st_dev;
1354 		fileino = statbuf.st_ino;
1355 #endif
1356 		PL_filemode = statbuf.st_mode;
1357 		fileuid = statbuf.st_uid;
1358 		filegid = statbuf.st_gid;
1359 		if (!S_ISREG(PL_filemode)) {
1360 		    Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE),
1361 				     "Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file",
1362 				     PL_oldname );
1363 		    do_close(gv,FALSE);
1364 		    continue;
1365 		}
1366                 magic_av = newAV();
1367 		if (*PL_inplace && strNE(PL_inplace, "*")) {
1368 		    const char *star = strchr(PL_inplace, '*');
1369 		    if (star) {
1370 			const char *begin = PL_inplace;
1371                         SvPVCLEAR(sv);
1372 			do {
1373 			    sv_catpvn(sv, begin, star - begin);
1374 			    sv_catpvn(sv, PL_oldname, oldlen);
1375 			    begin = ++star;
1376 			} while ((star = strchr(begin, '*')));
1377 			if (*begin)
1378 			    sv_catpv(sv,begin);
1379 		    }
1380 		    else {
1381 			sv_catpv(sv,PL_inplace);
1382 		    }
1383 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
1384 		    if ((PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(sv),&statbuf) >= 0
1385 			 && statbuf.st_dev == filedev
1386 			 && statbuf.st_ino == fileino)
1387 #ifdef DJGPP
1388 			|| ((_djstat_fail_bits & _STFAIL_TRUENAME)!=0)
1389 #endif
1390                       )
1391 		    {
1392 			Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE),
1393 					 "Can't do inplace edit: %"
1394                                          SVf " would not be unique",
1395 					 SVfARG(sv));
1396                         goto cleanup_argv;
1397 		    }
1398 #endif
1399                     av_store(magic_av, ARGVMG_BACKUP_NAME, newSVsv(sv));
1400 		}
1401 
1402 		sv_setpvn(sv,PL_oldname,oldlen);
1403 		SETERRNO(0,0);		/* in case sprintf set errno */
1404                 temp_name_sv = newSV(0);
1405                 if (!S_openindirtemp(aTHX_ PL_argvoutgv, GvSV(gv), temp_name_sv)) {
1406                     SvREFCNT_dec(temp_name_sv);
1407                     /* diag_listed_as: Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s */
1408                     Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE), "Can't do inplace edit on %s: Cannot make temp name: %s",
1409 				     PL_oldname, Strerror(errno) );
1410 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
1411                 cleanup_argv:
1412 #endif
1413                     do_close(gv,FALSE);
1414                     SvREFCNT_dec(magic_av);
1415                     continue;
1416 		}
1417                 av_store(magic_av, ARGVMG_TEMP_NAME, temp_name_sv);
1418                 av_store(magic_av, ARGVMG_ORIG_NAME, newSVsv(sv));
1419                 av_store(magic_av, ARGVMG_ORIG_MODE, newSVuv(PL_filemode));
1420                 av_store(magic_av, ARGVMG_ORIG_PID, newSViv((IV)PerlProc_getpid()));
1421 #if defined(ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS)
1422                 curdir = opendir(".");
1423                 av_store(magic_av, ARGVMG_ORIG_DIRP, newSViv(PTR2IV(curdir)));
1424 #elif defined(ARGV_USE_STAT_INO)
1425                 if (PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) >= 0) {
1426                     av_store(magic_av, ARGVMG_ORIG_CWD_STAT,
1427                              newSVpvn((char *)&statbuf, sizeof(statbuf)));
1428                 }
1429 #endif
1430 		setdefout(PL_argvoutgv);
1431                 sv_setsv(GvSVn(PL_argvoutgv), temp_name_sv);
1432                 mg = sv_magicext((SV*)GvIOp(PL_argvoutgv), (SV*)magic_av, PERL_MAGIC_uvar, &argvout_vtbl, NULL, 0);
1433                 mg->mg_flags |= MGf_DUP;
1434                 SvREFCNT_dec(magic_av);
1435 		PL_lastfd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOp(PL_argvoutgv)));
1436                 if (PL_lastfd >= 0) {
1437                     (void)PerlLIO_fstat(PL_lastfd,&statbuf);
1438 #ifdef HAS_FCHMOD
1439                     (void)fchmod(PL_lastfd,PL_filemode);
1440 #else
1441                     (void)PerlLIO_chmod(PL_oldname,PL_filemode);
1442 #endif
1443                     if (fileuid != statbuf.st_uid || filegid != statbuf.st_gid) {
1444                         /* XXX silently ignore failures */
1445 #ifdef HAS_FCHOWN
1446                         PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(fchown(PL_lastfd,fileuid,filegid));
1447 #elif defined(HAS_CHOWN)
1448                         PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_chown(PL_oldname,fileuid,filegid));
1449 #endif
1450                     }
1451 		}
1452                 return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
1453 	    }
1454 	} /* successful do_open_raw(), PL_inplace non-NULL */
1455 
1456         if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE)) {
1457             const int eno = errno;
1458             Stat_t statbuf;
1459             if (PerlLIO_stat(PL_oldname, &statbuf) >= 0
1460                 && !S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode)) {
1461                 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE),
1462                             "Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file",
1463                             PL_oldname);
1464             }
1465             else {
1466                 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE), "Can't open %s: %s",
1467                             PL_oldname, Strerror(eno));
1468             }
1469 	}
1470     }
1471     if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV))
1472 	IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_START;
1473     if (PL_inplace) {
1474 	if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV)
1475 	    && PL_argvout_stack && AvFILLp(PL_argvout_stack) >= 0)
1476 	{
1477 	    GV * const oldout = MUTABLE_GV(av_pop(PL_argvout_stack));
1478 	    setdefout(oldout);
1479 	    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldout);
1480 	    return NULL;
1481 	}
1482 	setdefout(gv_fetchpvs("STDOUT", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVIO));
1483     }
1484     return NULL;
1485 }
1486 
1487 #ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1488 #  if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
1489 
1490 /* FreeBSD 11 renameat() mis-behaves strangely with absolute paths in cases where the
1491  * equivalent rename() succeeds
1492  */
1493 static int
1494 S_my_renameat(int olddfd, const char *oldpath, int newdfd, const char *newpath) {
1495     /* this is intended only for use in Perl_do_close() */
1496     assert(olddfd == newdfd);
1497     assert(PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(oldpath) == PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(newpath));
1498     if (PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(oldpath)) {
1499         return PerlLIO_rename(oldpath, newpath);
1500     }
1501     else {
1502         return renameat(olddfd, oldpath, newdfd, newpath);
1503     }
1504 }
1505 
1506 #  else
1507 #    define S_my_renameat(dh1, pv1, dh2, pv2) renameat((dh1), (pv1), (dh2), (pv2))
1508 #  endif /* if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__) */
1509 #endif
1510 
1511 static bool
1512 S_dir_unchanged(pTHX_ const char *orig_pv, MAGIC *mg) {
1513     Stat_t statbuf;
1514 
1515 #ifdef ARGV_USE_STAT_INO
1516     SV **stat_psv = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_ORIG_CWD_STAT, FALSE);
1517     Stat_t *orig_cwd_stat = stat_psv && *stat_psv ? (Stat_t *)SvPVX(*stat_psv) : NULL;
1518 
1519     /* if the path is absolute the possible moving of cwd (which the file
1520        might be in) isn't our problem.
1521        This code tries to be reasonably balanced about detecting a changed
1522        CWD, if we have the information needed to check that curdir has changed, we
1523        check it
1524     */
1525     if (!PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(orig_pv)
1526         && orig_cwd_stat
1527         && PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) >= 0
1528         && ( statbuf.st_dev != orig_cwd_stat->st_dev
1529                      || statbuf.st_ino != orig_cwd_stat->st_ino)) {
1530         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s",
1531                    orig_pv, "Current directory has changed");
1532     }
1533 #else
1534     SV **temp_psv = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_TEMP_NAME, FALSE);
1535 
1536     /* Some platforms don't have useful st_ino etc, so just
1537        check we can see the work file.
1538     */
1539     if (!PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(orig_pv)
1540         && PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(*temp_psv), &statbuf) < 0) {
1541         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s",
1542                    orig_pv,
1543                    "Work file is missing - did you change directory?");
1544     }
1545 #endif
1546 
1547     return TRUE;
1548 }
1549 
1550 #define dir_unchanged(orig_psv, mg) \
1551     S_dir_unchanged(aTHX_ (orig_psv), (mg))
1552 
1553 STATIC bool
1554 S_argvout_final(pTHX_ MAGIC *mg, IO *io, bool not_implicit) {
1555     bool retval;
1556 
1557     /* ensure args are checked before we start using them */
1558     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ARGVOUT_FINAL;
1559 
1560     {
1561         /* handle to an in-place edit work file */
1562         SV **back_psv = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_BACKUP_NAME, FALSE);
1563         SV **temp_psv = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_TEMP_NAME, FALSE);
1564         /* PL_oldname may have been modified by a nested ARGV use at this point */
1565         SV **orig_psv = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_ORIG_NAME, FALSE);
1566         SV **mode_psv = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_ORIG_MODE, FALSE);
1567         SV **pid_psv  = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_ORIG_PID, FALSE);
1568 #if defined(ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS)
1569         SV **dir_psv  = av_fetch((AV*)mg->mg_obj, ARGVMG_ORIG_DIRP, FALSE);
1570         DIR *dir;
1571         int dfd;
1572 #endif
1573         UV mode;
1574         int fd;
1575 
1576         const char *orig_pv;
1577 
1578         assert(temp_psv && *temp_psv);
1579         assert(orig_psv && *orig_psv);
1580         assert(mode_psv && *mode_psv);
1581         assert(pid_psv && *pid_psv);
1582 #ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1583         assert(dir_psv && *dir_psv);
1584         dir = INT2PTR(DIR *, SvIVX(*dir_psv));
1585         dfd = my_dirfd(dir);
1586 #endif
1587 
1588         orig_pv = SvPVX(*orig_psv);
1589         mode = SvUV(*mode_psv);
1590 
1591         if ((mode & (S_ISUID|S_ISGID)) != 0
1592             && (fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io))) >= 0) {
1593             (void)PerlIO_flush(IoIFP(io));
1594 #ifdef HAS_FCHMOD
1595             (void)fchmod(fd, mode);
1596 #else
1597             (void)PerlLIO_chmod(orig_pv, mode);
1598 #endif
1599         }
1600 
1601         retval = io_close(io, NULL, not_implicit, FALSE);
1602 
1603         if (SvIV(*pid_psv) != (IV)PerlProc_getpid()) {
1604             /* this is a child process, don't duplicate our rename() etc
1605                processing below */
1606             goto freext;
1607         }
1608 
1609         if (retval) {
1610 #if defined(DOSISH) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
1611             if (PL_argvgv && GvIOp(PL_argvgv)
1612                 && IoIFP(GvIOp(PL_argvgv))
1613                 && (IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_argvgv)) & (IOf_ARGV|IOf_START)) == IOf_ARGV) {
1614                 do_close(PL_argvgv, FALSE);
1615             }
1616 #endif
1617 #ifndef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1618             if (!dir_unchanged(orig_pv, mg))
1619                 goto abort_inplace;
1620 #endif
1621             if (back_psv && *back_psv) {
1622 #if defined(HAS_LINK) && !defined(DOSISH) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && defined(HAS_RENAME)
1623                 if (
1624 #  ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1625                     linkat(dfd, orig_pv, dfd, SvPVX(*back_psv), 0) < 0 &&
1626                     !(UNLIKELY(NotSupported(errno)) &&
1627                       dir_unchanged(orig_pv, mg) &&
1628                                link(orig_pv, SvPVX(*back_psv)) == 0)
1629 #  else
1630                     link(orig_pv, SvPVX(*back_psv)) < 0
1631 #  endif
1632                     )
1633 #endif
1634                 {
1635 #ifdef HAS_RENAME
1636                     if (
1637 #  ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1638                         S_my_renameat(dfd, orig_pv, dfd, SvPVX(*back_psv)) < 0 &&
1639                         !(UNLIKELY(NotSupported(errno)) &&
1640                           dir_unchanged(orig_pv, mg) &&
1641                           PerlLIO_rename(orig_pv, SvPVX(*back_psv)) == 0)
1642 #  else
1643                         PerlLIO_rename(orig_pv, SvPVX(*back_psv)) < 0
1644 #  endif
1645                         ) {
1646                         if (!not_implicit) {
1647 #  ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1648                             if (unlinkat(dfd, SvPVX_const(*temp_psv), 0) < 0 &&
1649                                 UNLIKELY(NotSupported(errno)) &&
1650                                 dir_unchanged(orig_pv, mg))
1651                                 (void)UNLINK(SvPVX_const(*temp_psv));
1652 #  else
1653                             UNLINK(SvPVX(*temp_psv));
1654 #  endif
1655                             Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file",
1656                                        SvPVX(*orig_psv), SvPVX(*back_psv), Strerror(errno));
1657                         }
1658                         /* should we warn here? */
1659                         goto abort_inplace;
1660                     }
1661 #else
1662                     (void)UNLINK(SvPVX(*back_psv));
1663                     if (link(orig_pv, SvPVX(*back_psv))) {
1664                         if (!not_implicit) {
1665                             Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file",
1666                                        SvPVX(*orig_psv), SvPVX(*back_psv), Strerror(errno));
1667                         }
1668                         goto abort_inplace;
1669                     }
1670                     /* we need to use link() to get the temp into place too, and linK()
1671                        fails if the new link name exists */
1672                     (void)UNLINK(orig_pv);
1673 #endif
1674                 }
1675             }
1676 #if defined(DOSISH) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || !defined(HAS_RENAME)
1677             else {
1678                 UNLINK(orig_pv);
1679             }
1680 #endif
1681             if (
1682 #if !defined(HAS_RENAME)
1683                 link(SvPVX(*temp_psv), orig_pv) < 0
1684 #elif defined(ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS)
1685 		S_my_renameat(dfd, SvPVX(*temp_psv), dfd, orig_pv) < 0 &&
1686                 !(UNLIKELY(NotSupported(errno)) &&
1687                   dir_unchanged(orig_pv, mg) &&
1688                   PerlLIO_rename(SvPVX(*temp_psv), orig_pv) == 0)
1689 #else
1690                 PerlLIO_rename(SvPVX(*temp_psv), orig_pv) < 0
1691 #endif
1692                 ) {
1693                 if (!not_implicit) {
1694 #ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1695                     if (unlinkat(dfd, SvPVX_const(*temp_psv), 0) < 0 &&
1696                         NotSupported(errno))
1697                         UNLINK(SvPVX(*temp_psv));
1698 #else
1699                     UNLINK(SvPVX(*temp_psv));
1700 #endif
1701                     /* diag_listed_as: Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s */
1702                     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: failed to rename work file '%s' to '%s': %s",
1703                                orig_pv, SvPVX(*temp_psv), orig_pv, Strerror(errno));
1704                 }
1705             abort_inplace:
1706                 UNLINK(SvPVX_const(*temp_psv));
1707                 retval = FALSE;
1708             }
1709 #ifndef HAS_RENAME
1710             UNLINK(SvPVX(*temp_psv));
1711 #endif
1712         }
1713         else {
1714 #ifdef ARGV_USE_ATFUNCTIONS
1715             if (unlinkat(dfd, SvPVX_const(*temp_psv), 0) &&
1716                 NotSupported(errno))
1717                 UNLINK(SvPVX_const(*temp_psv));
1718 
1719 #else
1720             UNLINK(SvPVX_const(*temp_psv));
1721 #endif
1722             if (!not_implicit) {
1723                 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Failed to close in-place work file %s: %s",
1724                            SvPVX(*temp_psv), Strerror(errno));
1725             }
1726         }
1727  freext:
1728         ;
1729     }
1730     return retval;
1731 }
1732 
1733 /* explicit renamed to avoid C++ conflict    -- kja */
1734 bool
1735 Perl_do_close(pTHX_ GV *gv, bool not_implicit)
1736 {
1737     bool retval;
1738     IO *io;
1739     MAGIC *mg;
1740 
1741     if (!gv)
1742 	gv = PL_argvgv;
1743     if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv)) {
1744 	if (not_implicit)
1745 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
1746 	return FALSE;
1747     }
1748     io = GvIO(gv);
1749     if (!io) {		/* never opened */
1750 	if (not_implicit) {
1751 	    report_evil_fh(gv);
1752 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
1753 	}
1754 	return FALSE;
1755     }
1756     if ((mg = mg_findext((SV*)io, PERL_MAGIC_uvar, &argvout_vtbl))
1757         && mg->mg_obj) {
1758         retval = argvout_final(mg, io, not_implicit);
1759         mg_freeext((SV*)io, PERL_MAGIC_uvar, &argvout_vtbl);
1760     }
1761     else {
1762         retval = io_close(io, NULL, not_implicit, FALSE);
1763     }
1764     if (not_implicit) {
1765 	IoLINES(io) = 0;
1766 	IoPAGE(io) = 0;
1767 	IoLINES_LEFT(io) = IoPAGE_LEN(io);
1768     }
1769     IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_CLOSED;
1770     return retval;
1771 }
1772 
1773 bool
1774 Perl_io_close(pTHX_ IO *io, GV *gv, bool not_implicit, bool warn_on_fail)
1775 {
1776     bool retval = FALSE;
1777 
1778     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IO_CLOSE;
1779 
1780     if (IoIFP(io)) {
1781 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_PIPE) {
1782 	    const int status = PerlProc_pclose(IoIFP(io));
1783 	    if (not_implicit) {
1784 		STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET(status);
1785 		retval = (STATUS_UNIX == 0);
1786 	    }
1787 	    else {
1788 		retval = (status != -1);
1789 	    }
1790 	}
1791 	else if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_STD)
1792 	    retval = TRUE;
1793 	else {
1794 	    if (IoOFP(io) && IoOFP(io) != IoIFP(io)) {		/* a socket */
1795 		const bool prev_err = PerlIO_error(IoOFP(io));
1796 #ifdef USE_PERLIO
1797 		if (prev_err)
1798 		    PerlIO_restore_errno(IoOFP(io));
1799 #endif
1800 		retval = (PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io)) != EOF && !prev_err);
1801 		PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));	/* clear stdio, fd already closed */
1802 	    }
1803 	    else {
1804 		const bool prev_err = PerlIO_error(IoIFP(io));
1805 #ifdef USE_PERLIO
1806 		if (prev_err)
1807 		    PerlIO_restore_errno(IoIFP(io));
1808 #endif
1809 		retval = (PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io)) != EOF && !prev_err);
1810 	    }
1811 	}
1812 	IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = NULL;
1813 
1814 	if (warn_on_fail && !retval) {
1815 	    if (gv)
1816 		Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
1817 				"Warning: unable to close filehandle %"
1818 				 HEKf " properly: %" SVf,
1819 				 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)),
1820                                  SVfARG(get_sv("!",GV_ADD)));
1821 	    else
1822 		Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
1823 				"Warning: unable to close filehandle "
1824 				"properly: %" SVf,
1825 				 SVfARG(get_sv("!",GV_ADD)));
1826 	}
1827     }
1828     else if (not_implicit) {
1829 	SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
1830     }
1831 
1832     return retval;
1833 }
1834 
1835 bool
1836 Perl_do_eof(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1837 {
1838     IO * const io = GvIO(gv);
1839 
1840     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_EOF;
1841 
1842     if (!io)
1843 	return TRUE;
1844     else if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY)
1845 	report_wrongway_fh(gv, '>');
1846 
1847     while (IoIFP(io)) {
1848         if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(IoIFP(io))) {	/* (the code works without this) */
1849 	    if (PerlIO_get_cnt(IoIFP(io)) > 0)	/* cheat a little, since */
1850 		return FALSE;			/* this is the most usual case */
1851         }
1852 
1853 	{
1854 	     /* getc and ungetc can stomp on errno */
1855 	    dSAVE_ERRNO;
1856 	    const int ch = PerlIO_getc(IoIFP(io));
1857 	    if (ch != EOF) {
1858 		(void)PerlIO_ungetc(IoIFP(io),ch);
1859 		RESTORE_ERRNO;
1860 		return FALSE;
1861 	    }
1862 	    RESTORE_ERRNO;
1863 	}
1864 
1865         if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(IoIFP(io)) && PerlIO_canset_cnt(IoIFP(io))) {
1866 	    if (PerlIO_get_cnt(IoIFP(io)) < -1)
1867 		PerlIO_set_cnt(IoIFP(io),-1);
1868 	}
1869 	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { /* not necessarily a real EOF yet? */
1870 	    if (gv != PL_argvgv || !nextargv(gv, FALSE))	/* get another fp handy */
1871 		return TRUE;
1872 	}
1873 	else
1874 	    return TRUE;		/* normal fp, definitely end of file */
1875     }
1876     return TRUE;
1877 }
1878 
1879 Off_t
1880 Perl_do_tell(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1881 {
1882     IO *const io = GvIO(gv);
1883     PerlIO *fp;
1884 
1885     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_TELL;
1886 
1887     if (io && (fp = IoIFP(io))) {
1888 	return PerlIO_tell(fp);
1889     }
1890     report_evil_fh(gv);
1891     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1892     return (Off_t)-1;
1893 }
1894 
1895 bool
1896 Perl_do_seek(pTHX_ GV *gv, Off_t pos, int whence)
1897 {
1898     IO *const io = GvIO(gv);
1899     PerlIO *fp;
1900 
1901     if (io && (fp = IoIFP(io))) {
1902 	return PerlIO_seek(fp, pos, whence) >= 0;
1903     }
1904     report_evil_fh(gv);
1905     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1906     return FALSE;
1907 }
1908 
1909 Off_t
1910 Perl_do_sysseek(pTHX_ GV *gv, Off_t pos, int whence)
1911 {
1912     IO *const io = GvIO(gv);
1913     PerlIO *fp;
1914 
1915     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_SYSSEEK;
1916 
1917     if (io && (fp = IoIFP(io))) {
1918         int fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
1919         if (fd < 0 || (whence == SEEK_SET && pos < 0)) {
1920             SETERRNO(EINVAL,LIB_INVARG);
1921             return -1;
1922         } else {
1923             return PerlLIO_lseek(fd, pos, whence);
1924         }
1925     }
1926     report_evil_fh(gv);
1927     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1928     return (Off_t)-1;
1929 }
1930 
1931 int
1932 Perl_mode_from_discipline(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN len)
1933 {
1934     int mode = O_BINARY;
1935     PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1936     if (s) {
1937 	while (*s) {
1938 	    if (*s == ':') {
1939 		switch (s[1]) {
1940 		case 'r':
1941 		    if (s[2] == 'a' && s[3] == 'w'
1942 			&& (!s[4] || s[4] == ':' || isSPACE(s[4])))
1943 		    {
1944 			mode = O_BINARY;
1945 			s += 4;
1946 			len -= 4;
1947 			break;
1948 		    }
1949 		    /* FALLTHROUGH */
1950 		case 'c':
1951 		    if (s[2] == 'r' && s[3] == 'l' && s[4] == 'f'
1952 			&& (!s[5] || s[5] == ':' || isSPACE(s[5])))
1953 		    {
1954 			mode = O_TEXT;
1955 			s += 5;
1956 			len -= 5;
1957 			break;
1958 		    }
1959 		    /* FALLTHROUGH */
1960 		default:
1961 		    goto fail_discipline;
1962 		}
1963 	    }
1964 	    else if (isSPACE(*s)) {
1965 		++s;
1966 		--len;
1967 	    }
1968 	    else {
1969 		const char *end;
1970   fail_discipline:
1971 		end = (char *) memchr(s+1, ':', len);
1972 		if (!end)
1973 		    end = s+len;
1974 #ifndef PERLIO_LAYERS
1975 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "IO layers (like '%.*s') unavailable", end-s, s);
1976 #else
1977 		len -= end-s;
1978 		s = end;
1979 #endif
1980 	    }
1981 	}
1982     }
1983     return mode;
1984 }
1985 
1986 #if !defined(HAS_TRUNCATE) && !defined(HAS_CHSIZE)
1987 I32
1988 my_chsize(int fd, Off_t length)
1989 {
1990 #ifdef F_FREESP
1991 	/* code courtesy of William Kucharski */
1992 #define HAS_CHSIZE
1993 
1994     Stat_t filebuf;
1995 
1996     if (PerlLIO_fstat(fd, &filebuf) < 0)
1997 	return -1;
1998 
1999     if (filebuf.st_size < length) {
2000 
2001 	/* extend file length */
2002 
2003 	if ((PerlLIO_lseek(fd, (length - 1), 0)) < 0)
2004 	    return -1;
2005 
2006 	/* write a "0" byte */
2007 
2008 	if ((PerlLIO_write(fd, "", 1)) != 1)
2009 	    return -1;
2010     }
2011     else {
2012 	/* truncate length */
2013 	struct flock fl;
2014 	fl.l_whence = 0;
2015 	fl.l_len = 0;
2016 	fl.l_start = length;
2017 	fl.l_type = F_WRLCK;    /* write lock on file space */
2018 
2019 	/*
2020 	* This relies on the UNDOCUMENTED F_FREESP argument to
2021 	* fcntl(2), which truncates the file so that it ends at the
2022 	* position indicated by fl.l_start.
2023 	*
2024 	* Will minor miracles never cease?
2025 	*/
2026 
2027 	if (fcntl(fd, F_FREESP, &fl) < 0)
2028 	    return -1;
2029 
2030     }
2031     return 0;
2032 #else
2033     Perl_croak_nocontext("truncate not implemented");
2034 #endif /* F_FREESP */
2035     return -1;
2036 }
2037 #endif /* !HAS_TRUNCATE && !HAS_CHSIZE */
2038 
2039 bool
2040 Perl_do_print(pTHX_ SV *sv, PerlIO *fp)
2041 {
2042     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_PRINT;
2043 
2044     /* assuming fp is checked earlier */
2045     if (!sv)
2046 	return TRUE;
2047     if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_IV && SvIOK(sv)) {
2048 	assert(!SvGMAGICAL(sv));
2049 	if (SvIsUV(sv))
2050 	    PerlIO_printf(fp, "%" UVuf, (UV)SvUVX(sv));
2051 	else
2052 	    PerlIO_printf(fp, "%" IVdf, (IV)SvIVX(sv));
2053 	return !PerlIO_error(fp);
2054     }
2055     else {
2056 	STRLEN len;
2057 	/* Do this first to trigger any overloading.  */
2058 	const char *tmps = SvPV_const(sv, len);
2059 	U8 *tmpbuf = NULL;
2060 	bool happy = TRUE;
2061 
2062 	if (PerlIO_isutf8(fp)) { /* If the stream is utf8 ... */
2063 	    if (!SvUTF8(sv)) {	/* Convert to utf8 if necessary */
2064 		/* We don't modify the original scalar.  */
2065 		tmpbuf = bytes_to_utf8((const U8*) tmps, &len);
2066 		tmps = (char *) tmpbuf;
2067 	    }
2068 	    else if (ckWARN4_d(WARN_UTF8, WARN_SURROGATE, WARN_NON_UNICODE, WARN_NONCHAR)) {
2069 		(void) check_utf8_print((const U8*) tmps, len);
2070 	    }
2071 	} /* else stream isn't utf8 */
2072 	else if (DO_UTF8(sv)) { /* But if is utf8 internally, attempt to
2073 				   convert to bytes */
2074 	    STRLEN tmplen = len;
2075 	    bool utf8 = TRUE;
2076 	    U8 * const result = bytes_from_utf8((const U8*) tmps, &tmplen, &utf8);
2077 	    if (!utf8) {
2078 
2079 		/* Here, succeeded in downgrading from utf8.  Set up to below
2080 		 * output the converted value */
2081 		tmpbuf = result;
2082 		tmps = (char *) tmpbuf;
2083 		len = tmplen;
2084 	    }
2085 	    else {  /* Non-utf8 output stream, but string only representable in
2086 		       utf8 */
2087 		assert((char *)result == tmps);
2088 		Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UTF8),
2089 				 "Wide character in %s",
2090 				   PL_op ? OP_DESC(PL_op) : "print"
2091 				);
2092 		    /* Could also check that isn't one of the things to avoid
2093 		     * in utf8 by using check_utf8_print(), but not doing so,
2094 		     * since the stream isn't a UTF8 stream */
2095 	    }
2096 	}
2097 	/* To detect whether the process is about to overstep its
2098 	 * filesize limit we would need getrlimit().  We could then
2099 	 * also transparently raise the limit with setrlimit() --
2100 	 * but only until the system hard limit/the filesystem limit,
2101 	 * at which we would get EPERM.  Note that when using buffered
2102 	 * io the write failure can be delayed until the flush/close. --jhi */
2103 	if (len && (PerlIO_write(fp,tmps,len) == 0))
2104 	    happy = FALSE;
2105 	Safefree(tmpbuf);
2106 	return happy ? !PerlIO_error(fp) : FALSE;
2107     }
2108 }
2109 
2110 I32
2111 Perl_my_stat_flags(pTHX_ const U32 flags)
2112 {
2113     dSP;
2114     IO *io;
2115     GV* gv;
2116 
2117     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
2118 	gv = cGVOP_gv;
2119       do_fstat:
2120         if (gv == PL_defgv) {
2121 	    if (PL_laststatval < 0)
2122 		SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2123             return PL_laststatval;
2124 	}
2125 	io = GvIO(gv);
2126         do_fstat_have_io:
2127         PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
2128         PL_statgv = gv ? gv : (GV *)io;
2129         SvPVCLEAR(PL_statname);
2130         if (io) {
2131 	    if (IoIFP(io)) {
2132                 int fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
2133                 if (fd < 0) {
2134                     /* E.g. PerlIO::scalar has no real fd. */
2135 		    SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2136                     return (PL_laststatval = -1);
2137                 } else {
2138                     return (PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_fstat(fd, &PL_statcache));
2139                 }
2140             } else if (IoDIRP(io)) {
2141                 return (PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_fstat(my_dirfd(IoDIRP(io)), &PL_statcache));
2142             }
2143         }
2144 	PL_laststatval = -1;
2145 	report_evil_fh(gv);
2146 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2147 	return -1;
2148     }
2149     else if ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpFT_STACKED|OPpFT_AFTER_t))
2150 	     == OPpFT_STACKED)
2151 	return PL_laststatval;
2152     else {
2153 	SV* const sv = TOPs;
2154 	const char *s, *d;
2155 	STRLEN len;
2156 	if ((gv = MAYBE_DEREF_GV_flags(sv,flags))) {
2157 	    goto do_fstat;
2158 	}
2159         else if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVIO) {
2160             io = MUTABLE_IO(SvRV(sv));
2161 	    gv = NULL;
2162             goto do_fstat_have_io;
2163         }
2164 
2165 	s = SvPV_flags_const(sv, len, flags);
2166 	PL_statgv = NULL;
2167 	sv_setpvn(PL_statname, s, len);
2168 	d = SvPVX_const(PL_statname);		/* s now NUL-terminated */
2169 	PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
2170         if (!IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(s, len, OP_NAME(PL_op))) {
2171             PL_laststatval = -1;
2172         }
2173         else {
2174             PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_stat(d, &PL_statcache);
2175         }
2176 	if (PL_laststatval < 0 && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && should_warn_nl(s)) {
2177             GCC_DIAG_IGNORE_STMT(-Wformat-nonliteral); /* PL_warn_nl is constant */
2178 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NEWLINE), PL_warn_nl, "stat");
2179             GCC_DIAG_RESTORE_STMT;
2180         }
2181 	return PL_laststatval;
2182     }
2183 }
2184 
2185 
2186 I32
2187 Perl_my_lstat_flags(pTHX_ const U32 flags)
2188 {
2189     static const char* const no_prev_lstat = "The stat preceding -l _ wasn't an lstat";
2190     dSP;
2191     const char *file;
2192     STRLEN len;
2193     SV* const sv = TOPs;
2194     bool isio = FALSE;
2195     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
2196 	if (cGVOP_gv == PL_defgv) {
2197 	    if (PL_laststype != OP_LSTAT)
2198 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", no_prev_lstat);
2199 	    if (PL_laststatval < 0)
2200 		SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2201 	    return PL_laststatval;
2202 	}
2203 	PL_laststatval = -1;
2204 	if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
2205 	    /* diag_listed_as: Use of -l on filehandle%s */
2206 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
2207 		              "Use of -l on filehandle %" HEKf,
2208 			      HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(cGVOP_gv)));
2209 	}
2210 	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2211 	return -1;
2212     }
2213     if ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpFT_STACKED|OPpFT_AFTER_t))
2214 	     == OPpFT_STACKED) {
2215       if (PL_laststype != OP_LSTAT)
2216 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", no_prev_lstat);
2217       return PL_laststatval;
2218     }
2219 
2220     PL_laststype = OP_LSTAT;
2221     PL_statgv = NULL;
2222     if ( (  (SvROK(sv) && (  isGV_with_GP(SvRV(sv))
2223                           || (isio = SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVIO)  )
2224             )
2225          || isGV_with_GP(sv)
2226          )
2227       && ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
2228         if (isio)
2229 	    /* diag_listed_as: Use of -l on filehandle%s */
2230             Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
2231                              "Use of -l on filehandle");
2232         else
2233 	    /* diag_listed_as: Use of -l on filehandle%s */
2234             Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
2235                              "Use of -l on filehandle %" HEKf,
2236                               HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK((const GV *)
2237                                           (SvROK(sv) ? SvRV(sv) : sv))));
2238     }
2239     file = SvPV_flags_const(sv, len, flags);
2240     sv_setpv(PL_statname,file);
2241     if (!IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(file, len, OP_NAME(PL_op))) {
2242         PL_laststatval = -1;
2243     }
2244     else {
2245         PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_lstat(file,&PL_statcache);
2246     }
2247     if (PL_laststatval < 0 && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && should_warn_nl(file)) {
2248         GCC_DIAG_IGNORE_STMT(-Wformat-nonliteral); /* PL_warn_nl is constant */
2249         Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NEWLINE), PL_warn_nl, "lstat");
2250         GCC_DIAG_RESTORE_STMT;
2251     }
2252     return PL_laststatval;
2253 }
2254 
2255 static void
2256 S_exec_failed(pTHX_ const char *cmd, int fd, int do_report)
2257 {
2258     const int e = errno;
2259     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_EXEC_FAILED;
2260 
2261     if (ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
2262         Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC), "Can't exec \"%s\": %s",
2263                     cmd, Strerror(e));
2264     if (do_report) {
2265         /* XXX silently ignore failures */
2266         PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, (void*)&e, sizeof(int)));
2267 	PerlLIO_close(fd);
2268     }
2269 }
2270 
2271 bool
2272 Perl_do_aexec5(pTHX_ SV *really, SV **mark, SV **sp,
2273 	       int fd, int do_report)
2274 {
2275     dVAR;
2276     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_AEXEC5;
2277 #if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
2278     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system");
2279 #else
2280     assert(sp >= mark);
2281     ENTER;
2282     {
2283 	const char **argv, **a;
2284 	const char *tmps = NULL;
2285 	Newx(argv, sp - mark + 1, const char*);
2286 	SAVEFREEPV(argv);
2287 	a = argv;
2288 
2289 	while (++mark <= sp) {
2290 	    if (*mark) {
2291 		char *arg = savepv(SvPV_nolen_const(*mark));
2292 		SAVEFREEPV(arg);
2293 		*a++ = arg;
2294 	    } else
2295 		*a++ = "";
2296 	}
2297 	*a = NULL;
2298 	if (really) {
2299 	    tmps = savepv(SvPV_nolen_const(really));
2300 	    SAVEFREEPV(tmps);
2301 	}
2302         if ((!really && argv[0] && *argv[0] != '/') ||
2303 	    (really && *tmps != '/'))		/* will execvp use PATH? */
2304 	    TAINT_ENV();		/* testing IFS here is overkill, probably */
2305 	PERL_FPU_PRE_EXEC
2306 	if (really && *tmps) {
2307             PerlProc_execvp(tmps,EXEC_ARGV_CAST(argv));
2308         } else if (argv[0]) {
2309             PerlProc_execvp(argv[0],EXEC_ARGV_CAST(argv));
2310         } else {
2311             SETERRNO(ENOENT,RMS_FNF);
2312         }
2313 	PERL_FPU_POST_EXEC
2314         S_exec_failed(aTHX_ (really ? tmps : argv[0] ? argv[0] : ""), fd, do_report);
2315     }
2316     LEAVE;
2317 #endif
2318     return FALSE;
2319 }
2320 
2321 #ifdef PERL_DEFAULT_DO_EXEC3_IMPLEMENTATION
2322 
2323 bool
2324 Perl_do_exec3(pTHX_ const char *incmd, int fd, int do_report)
2325 {
2326     dVAR;
2327     const char **argv, **a;
2328     char *s;
2329     char *buf;
2330     char *cmd;
2331     /* Make a copy so we can change it */
2332     const Size_t cmdlen = strlen(incmd) + 1;
2333 
2334     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_EXEC3;
2335 
2336     ENTER;
2337     Newx(buf, cmdlen, char);
2338     SAVEFREEPV(buf);
2339     cmd = buf;
2340     memcpy(cmd, incmd, cmdlen);
2341 
2342     while (*cmd && isSPACE(*cmd))
2343 	cmd++;
2344 
2345     /* save an extra exec if possible */
2346 
2347 #ifdef CSH
2348     {
2349         char flags[PERL_FLAGS_MAX];
2350 	if (strnEQ(cmd,PL_cshname,PL_cshlen) &&
2351 	    strBEGINs(cmd+PL_cshlen," -c")) {
2352           my_strlcpy(flags, "-c", PERL_FLAGS_MAX);
2353 	  s = cmd+PL_cshlen+3;
2354 	  if (*s == 'f') {
2355 	      s++;
2356               my_strlcat(flags, "f", PERL_FLAGS_MAX - 2);
2357 	  }
2358 	  if (*s == ' ')
2359 	      s++;
2360 	  if (*s++ == '\'') {
2361 	      char * const ncmd = s;
2362 
2363 	      while (*s)
2364 		  s++;
2365 	      if (s[-1] == '\n')
2366 		  *--s = '\0';
2367 	      if (s[-1] == '\'') {
2368 		  *--s = '\0';
2369 		  PERL_FPU_PRE_EXEC
2370 		  PerlProc_execl(PL_cshname, "csh", flags, ncmd, (char*)NULL);
2371 		  PERL_FPU_POST_EXEC
2372 		  *s = '\'';
2373  		  S_exec_failed(aTHX_ PL_cshname, fd, do_report);
2374 		  goto leave;
2375 	      }
2376 	  }
2377 	}
2378     }
2379 #endif /* CSH */
2380 
2381     /* see if there are shell metacharacters in it */
2382 
2383     if (*cmd == '.' && isSPACE(cmd[1]))
2384 	goto doshell;
2385 
2386     if (strBEGINs(cmd,"exec") && isSPACE(cmd[4]))
2387 	goto doshell;
2388 
2389     s = cmd;
2390     while (isWORDCHAR(*s))
2391 	s++;	/* catch VAR=val gizmo */
2392     if (*s == '=')
2393 	goto doshell;
2394 
2395     for (s = cmd; *s; s++) {
2396 	if (*s != ' ' && !isALPHA(*s) &&
2397 	    strchr("$&*(){}[]'\";\\|?<>~`\n",*s)) {
2398 	    if (*s == '\n' && !s[1]) {
2399 		*s = '\0';
2400 		break;
2401 	    }
2402 	    /* handle the 2>&1 construct at the end */
2403 	    if (*s == '>' && s[1] == '&' && s[2] == '1'
2404 		&& s > cmd + 1 && s[-1] == '2' && isSPACE(s[-2])
2405 		&& (!s[3] || isSPACE(s[3])))
2406 	    {
2407                 const char *t = s + 3;
2408 
2409 		while (*t && isSPACE(*t))
2410 		    ++t;
2411 		if (!*t && (PerlLIO_dup2(1,2) != -1)) {
2412 		    s[-2] = '\0';
2413 		    break;
2414 		}
2415 	    }
2416 	  doshell:
2417 	    PERL_FPU_PRE_EXEC
2418             PerlProc_execl(PL_sh_path, "sh", "-c", cmd, (char *)NULL);
2419 	    PERL_FPU_POST_EXEC
2420  	    S_exec_failed(aTHX_ PL_sh_path, fd, do_report);
2421 	    goto leave;
2422 	}
2423     }
2424 
2425     Newx(argv, (s - cmd) / 2 + 2, const char*);
2426     SAVEFREEPV(argv);
2427     cmd = savepvn(cmd, s-cmd);
2428     SAVEFREEPV(cmd);
2429     a = argv;
2430     for (s = cmd; *s;) {
2431 	while (isSPACE(*s))
2432 	    s++;
2433 	if (*s)
2434 	    *(a++) = s;
2435 	while (*s && !isSPACE(*s))
2436 	    s++;
2437 	if (*s)
2438 	    *s++ = '\0';
2439     }
2440     *a = NULL;
2441     if (argv[0]) {
2442 	PERL_FPU_PRE_EXEC
2443         PerlProc_execvp(argv[0],EXEC_ARGV_CAST(argv));
2444 	PERL_FPU_POST_EXEC
2445 	if (errno == ENOEXEC)		/* for system V NIH syndrome */
2446 	    goto doshell;
2447  	S_exec_failed(aTHX_ argv[0], fd, do_report);
2448     }
2449 leave:
2450     LEAVE;
2451     return FALSE;
2452 }
2453 
2454 #endif /* OS2 || WIN32 */
2455 
2456 I32
2457 Perl_apply(pTHX_ I32 type, SV **mark, SV **sp)
2458 {
2459     I32 val;
2460     I32 tot = 0;
2461     const char *const what = PL_op_name[type];
2462     const char *s;
2463     STRLEN len;
2464     SV ** const oldmark = mark;
2465     bool killgp = FALSE;
2466 
2467     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY;
2468 
2469     PERL_UNUSED_VAR(what); /* may not be used depending on compile options */
2470 
2471     /* Doing this ahead of the switch statement preserves the old behaviour,
2472        where attempting to use kill as a taint test test would fail on
2473        platforms where kill was not defined.  */
2474 #ifndef HAS_KILL
2475     if (type == OP_KILL)
2476 	Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, what);
2477 #endif
2478 #ifndef HAS_CHOWN
2479     if (type == OP_CHOWN)
2480 	Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, what);
2481 #endif
2482 
2483 
2484 #define APPLY_TAINT_PROPER() \
2485     STMT_START {							\
2486 	if (TAINT_get) { TAINT_PROPER(what); }				\
2487     } STMT_END
2488 
2489     /* This is a first heuristic; it doesn't catch tainting magic. */
2490     if (TAINTING_get) {
2491 	while (++mark <= sp) {
2492 	    if (SvTAINTED(*mark)) {
2493 		TAINT;
2494 		break;
2495 	    }
2496 	}
2497 	mark = oldmark;
2498     }
2499     switch (type) {
2500     case OP_CHMOD:
2501 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2502 	if (++mark <= sp) {
2503 	    val = SvIV(*mark);
2504 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2505 	    tot = sp - mark;
2506 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
2507                 GV* gv;
2508                 if ((gv = MAYBE_DEREF_GV(*mark))) {
2509 		    if (GvIO(gv) && IoIFP(GvIOp(gv))) {
2510 #ifdef HAS_FCHMOD
2511                         int fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOn(gv)));
2512 			APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2513                         if (fd < 0) {
2514                             SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2515                             tot--;
2516                         } else if (fchmod(fd, val))
2517                             tot--;
2518 #else
2519 			Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "fchmod");
2520 #endif
2521 		    }
2522 		    else {
2523                         SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2524 			tot--;
2525 		    }
2526 		}
2527 		else {
2528 		    const char *name = SvPV_nomg_const(*mark, len);
2529 		    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2530                     if (!IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(name, len, "chmod") ||
2531                         PerlLIO_chmod(name, val)) {
2532                         tot--;
2533                     }
2534 		}
2535 	    }
2536 	}
2537 	break;
2538 #ifdef HAS_CHOWN
2539     case OP_CHOWN:
2540 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2541 	if (sp - mark > 2) {
2542             I32 val2;
2543 	    val = SvIVx(*++mark);
2544 	    val2 = SvIVx(*++mark);
2545 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2546 	    tot = sp - mark;
2547 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
2548                 GV* gv;
2549 		if ((gv = MAYBE_DEREF_GV(*mark))) {
2550 		    if (GvIO(gv) && IoIFP(GvIOp(gv))) {
2551 #ifdef HAS_FCHOWN
2552                         int fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOn(gv)));
2553 			APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2554                         if (fd < 0) {
2555                             SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2556 			    tot--;
2557                         } else if (fchown(fd, val, val2))
2558 			    tot--;
2559 #else
2560 			Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "fchown");
2561 #endif
2562 		    }
2563 		    else {
2564                         SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2565 			tot--;
2566 		    }
2567 		}
2568 		else {
2569 		    const char *name = SvPV_nomg_const(*mark, len);
2570 		    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2571                     if (!IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(name, len, "chown") ||
2572                         PerlLIO_chown(name, val, val2)) {
2573 			tot--;
2574                     }
2575 		}
2576 	    }
2577 	}
2578 	break;
2579 #endif
2580 /*
2581 XXX Should we make lchown() directly available from perl?
2582 For now, we'll let Configure test for HAS_LCHOWN, but do
2583 nothing in the core.
2584     --AD  5/1998
2585 */
2586 #ifdef HAS_KILL
2587     case OP_KILL:
2588 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2589 	if (mark == sp)
2590 	    break;
2591 	s = SvPVx_const(*++mark, len);
2592 	if (*s == '-' && isALPHA(s[1]))
2593 	{
2594 	    s++;
2595 	    len--;
2596             killgp = TRUE;
2597 	}
2598 	if (isALPHA(*s)) {
2599 	    if (*s == 'S' && s[1] == 'I' && s[2] == 'G') {
2600 		s += 3;
2601                 len -= 3;
2602             }
2603            if ((val = whichsig_pvn(s, len)) < 0)
2604                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unrecognized signal name \"%" SVf "\"",
2605                                 SVfARG(*mark));
2606 	}
2607 	else
2608 	{
2609 	    val = SvIV(*mark);
2610 	    if (val < 0)
2611 	    {
2612 		killgp = TRUE;
2613                 val = -val;
2614 	    }
2615 	}
2616 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2617 	tot = sp - mark;
2618 
2619 	while (++mark <= sp) {
2620 	    Pid_t proc;
2621 	    SvGETMAGIC(*mark);
2622 	    if (!(SvNIOK(*mark) || looks_like_number(*mark)))
2623 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't kill a non-numeric process ID");
2624 	    proc = SvIV_nomg(*mark);
2625 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2626 #ifdef HAS_KILLPG
2627             /* use killpg in preference, as the killpg() wrapper for Win32
2628              * understands process groups, but the kill() wrapper doesn't */
2629             if (killgp ? PerlProc_killpg(proc, val)
2630                        : PerlProc_kill(proc, val))
2631 #else
2632             if (PerlProc_kill(killgp ? -proc: proc, val))
2633 #endif
2634 		tot--;
2635 	}
2636 	PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
2637 	break;
2638 #endif
2639     case OP_UNLINK:
2640 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2641 	tot = sp - mark;
2642 	while (++mark <= sp) {
2643 	    s = SvPV_const(*mark, len);
2644 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2645 	    if (!IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(s, len, "unlink")) {
2646                 tot--;
2647             }
2648 	    else if (PL_unsafe) {
2649 		if (UNLINK(s))
2650 		{
2651 		    tot--;
2652 		}
2653 #if defined(__amigaos4__) && defined(NEWLIB)
2654 		else
2655 		{
2656                   /* Under AmigaOS4 unlink only 'fails' if the
2657                    * filename is invalid.  It may not remove the file
2658                    * if it's locked, so check if it's still around. */
2659                   if ((access(s,F_OK) != -1))
2660                   {
2661                     tot--;
2662                   }
2663 		}
2664 #endif
2665 	    }
2666 	    else {	/* don't let root wipe out directories without -U */
2667 		Stat_t statbuf;
2668 		if (PerlLIO_lstat(s, &statbuf) < 0)
2669 		    tot--;
2670 		else if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
2671 		    SETERRNO(EISDIR, SS_NOPRIV);
2672 		    tot--;
2673 		}
2674 		else {
2675 		    if (UNLINK(s))
2676 		    {
2677 				tot--;
2678 			}
2679 #if defined(__amigaos4__) && defined(NEWLIB)
2680 			else
2681 			{
2682 				/* Under AmigaOS4 unlink only 'fails' if the filename is invalid */
2683 				/* It may not remove the file if it's Locked, so check if it's still */
2684 				/* arround */
2685 				if((access(s,F_OK) != -1))
2686 				{
2687 					tot--;
2688 				}
2689 			}
2690 #endif
2691 		}
2692 	    }
2693 	}
2694 	break;
2695 #if defined(HAS_UTIME) || defined(HAS_FUTIMES)
2696     case OP_UTIME:
2697 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2698 	if (sp - mark > 2) {
2699 #if defined(HAS_FUTIMES)
2700 	    struct timeval utbuf[2];
2701 	    void *utbufp = utbuf;
2702 #elif defined(I_UTIME) || defined(VMS)
2703 	    struct utimbuf utbuf;
2704 	    struct utimbuf *utbufp = &utbuf;
2705 #else
2706 	    struct {
2707 		Time_t	actime;
2708 		Time_t	modtime;
2709 	    } utbuf;
2710 	    void *utbufp = &utbuf;
2711 #endif
2712 
2713 	   SV* const accessed = *++mark;
2714 	   SV* const modified = *++mark;
2715 
2716            /* Be like C, and if both times are undefined, let the C
2717             * library figure out what to do.  This usually means
2718             * "current time". */
2719 
2720            if ( accessed == &PL_sv_undef && modified == &PL_sv_undef )
2721                 utbufp = NULL;
2722            else {
2723                 Zero(&utbuf, sizeof utbuf, char);
2724 #ifdef HAS_FUTIMES
2725 		utbuf[0].tv_sec = (long)SvIV(accessed);  /* time accessed */
2726 		utbuf[0].tv_usec = 0;
2727 		utbuf[1].tv_sec = (long)SvIV(modified);  /* time modified */
2728 		utbuf[1].tv_usec = 0;
2729 #elif defined(BIG_TIME)
2730                 utbuf.actime = (Time_t)SvNV(accessed);  /* time accessed */
2731                 utbuf.modtime = (Time_t)SvNV(modified); /* time modified */
2732 #else
2733                 utbuf.actime = (Time_t)SvIV(accessed);  /* time accessed */
2734                 utbuf.modtime = (Time_t)SvIV(modified); /* time modified */
2735 #endif
2736             }
2737 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2738 	    tot = sp - mark;
2739 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
2740                 GV* gv;
2741                 if ((gv = MAYBE_DEREF_GV(*mark))) {
2742 		    if (GvIO(gv) && IoIFP(GvIOp(gv))) {
2743 #ifdef HAS_FUTIMES
2744                         int fd =  PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOn(gv)));
2745 			APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2746                         if (fd < 0) {
2747                             SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
2748                             tot--;
2749 			} else if (futimes(fd, (struct timeval *) utbufp))
2750 			    tot--;
2751 #else
2752 			Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "futimes");
2753 #endif
2754 		    }
2755 		    else {
2756 			tot--;
2757 		    }
2758 		}
2759 		else {
2760 		    const char * const name = SvPV_nomg_const(*mark, len);
2761 		    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
2762 		    if (!IS_SAFE_PATHNAME(name, len, "utime")) {
2763                         tot--;
2764                     }
2765                     else
2766 #ifdef HAS_FUTIMES
2767 		    if (utimes(name, (struct timeval *)utbufp))
2768 #else
2769 		    if (PerlLIO_utime(name, utbufp))
2770 #endif
2771 			tot--;
2772 		}
2773 
2774 	    }
2775 	}
2776 	else
2777 	    tot = 0;
2778 	break;
2779 #endif
2780     }
2781     return tot;
2782 
2783 #undef APPLY_TAINT_PROPER
2784 }
2785 
2786 /* Do the permissions in *statbufp allow some operation? */
2787 #ifndef VMS /* VMS' cando is in vms.c */
2788 bool
2789 Perl_cando(pTHX_ Mode_t mode, bool effective, const Stat_t *statbufp)
2790 /* effective is a flag, true for EUID, or for checking if the effective gid
2791  *  is in the list of groups returned from getgroups().
2792  */
2793 {
2794     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CANDO;
2795     PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2796 
2797 #ifdef DOSISH
2798     /* [Comments and code from Len Reed]
2799      * MS-DOS "user" is similar to UNIX's "superuser," but can't write
2800      * to write-protected files.  The execute permission bit is set
2801      * by the Microsoft C library stat() function for the following:
2802      *		.exe files
2803      *		.com files
2804      *		.bat files
2805      *		directories
2806      * All files and directories are readable.
2807      * Directories and special files, e.g. "CON", cannot be
2808      * write-protected.
2809      * [Comment by Tom Dinger -- a directory can have the write-protect
2810      *		bit set in the file system, but DOS permits changes to
2811      *		the directory anyway.  In addition, all bets are off
2812      *		here for networked software, such as Novell and
2813      *		Sun's PC-NFS.]
2814      */
2815 
2816      /* Atari stat() does pretty much the same thing. we set x_bit_set_in_stat
2817       * too so it will actually look into the files for magic numbers
2818       */
2819     return cBOOL(mode & statbufp->st_mode);
2820 
2821 #else /* ! DOSISH */
2822 # ifdef __CYGWIN__
2823     if (ingroup(544,effective)) {     /* member of Administrators */
2824 # else
2825     if ((effective ? PerlProc_geteuid() : PerlProc_getuid()) == 0) {	/* root is special */
2826 # endif
2827 	if (mode == S_IXUSR) {
2828 	    if (statbufp->st_mode & 0111 || S_ISDIR(statbufp->st_mode))
2829 		return TRUE;
2830 	}
2831 	else
2832 	    return TRUE;		/* root reads and writes anything */
2833 	return FALSE;
2834     }
2835     if (statbufp->st_uid == (effective ? PerlProc_geteuid() : PerlProc_getuid()) ) {
2836 	if (statbufp->st_mode & mode)
2837 	    return TRUE;	/* ok as "user" */
2838     }
2839     else if (ingroup(statbufp->st_gid,effective)) {
2840 	if (statbufp->st_mode & mode >> 3)
2841 	    return TRUE;	/* ok as "group" */
2842     }
2843     else if (statbufp->st_mode & mode >> 6)
2844 	return TRUE;	/* ok as "other" */
2845     return FALSE;
2846 #endif /* ! DOSISH */
2847 }
2848 #endif /* ! VMS */
2849 
2850 static bool
2851 S_ingroup(pTHX_ Gid_t testgid, bool effective)
2852 {
2853 #ifndef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
2854     /* PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS like Win32: getegid() etc. require the context. */
2855     PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2856 #endif
2857     if (testgid == (effective ? PerlProc_getegid() : PerlProc_getgid()))
2858 	return TRUE;
2859 #ifdef HAS_GETGROUPS
2860     {
2861 	Groups_t *gary = NULL;
2862 	I32 anum;
2863         bool rc = FALSE;
2864 
2865 	anum = getgroups(0, gary);
2866         if (anum > 0) {
2867             Newx(gary, anum, Groups_t);
2868             anum = getgroups(anum, gary);
2869             while (--anum >= 0)
2870                 if (gary[anum] == testgid) {
2871                     rc = TRUE;
2872                     break;
2873                 }
2874 
2875             Safefree(gary);
2876         }
2877         return rc;
2878     }
2879 #else
2880     return FALSE;
2881 #endif
2882 }
2883 
2884 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
2885 
2886 I32
2887 Perl_do_ipcget(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
2888 {
2889     const key_t key = (key_t)SvNVx(*++mark);
2890     SV *nsv = optype == OP_MSGGET ? NULL : *++mark;
2891     const I32 flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
2892 
2893     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_IPCGET;
2894     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
2895 
2896     SETERRNO(0,0);
2897     switch (optype)
2898     {
2899 #ifdef HAS_MSG
2900     case OP_MSGGET:
2901 	return msgget(key, flags);
2902 #endif
2903 #ifdef HAS_SEM
2904     case OP_SEMGET:
2905 	return semget(key, (int) SvIV(nsv), flags);
2906 #endif
2907 #ifdef HAS_SHM
2908     case OP_SHMGET:
2909 	return shmget(key, (size_t) SvUV(nsv), flags);
2910 #endif
2911 #if !defined(HAS_MSG) || !defined(HAS_SEM) || !defined(HAS_SHM)
2912     default:
2913         /* diag_listed_as: msg%s not implemented */
2914 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
2915 #endif
2916     }
2917     return -1;			/* should never happen */
2918 }
2919 
2920 I32
2921 Perl_do_ipcctl(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
2922 {
2923     char *a;
2924     I32 ret = -1;
2925     const I32 id  = SvIVx(*++mark);
2926 #ifdef Semctl
2927     const I32 n   = (optype == OP_SEMCTL) ? SvIVx(*++mark) : 0;
2928 #endif
2929     const I32 cmd = SvIVx(*++mark);
2930     SV * const astr = *++mark;
2931     STRLEN infosize = 0;
2932     I32 getinfo = (cmd == IPC_STAT);
2933 
2934     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_IPCCTL;
2935     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
2936 
2937     switch (optype)
2938     {
2939 #ifdef HAS_MSG
2940     case OP_MSGCTL:
2941 	if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
2942 	    infosize = sizeof(struct msqid_ds);
2943 	break;
2944 #endif
2945 #ifdef HAS_SHM
2946     case OP_SHMCTL:
2947 	if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
2948 	    infosize = sizeof(struct shmid_ds);
2949 	break;
2950 #endif
2951 #ifdef HAS_SEM
2952     case OP_SEMCTL:
2953 #ifdef Semctl
2954 	if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
2955 	    infosize = sizeof(struct semid_ds);
2956 	else if (cmd == GETALL || cmd == SETALL)
2957 	{
2958 	    struct semid_ds semds;
2959 	    union semun semun;
2960 #ifdef EXTRA_F_IN_SEMUN_BUF
2961             semun.buff = &semds;
2962 #else
2963             semun.buf = &semds;
2964 #endif
2965 	    getinfo = (cmd == GETALL);
2966 	    if (Semctl(id, 0, IPC_STAT, semun) == -1)
2967 		return -1;
2968 	    infosize = semds.sem_nsems * sizeof(short);
2969 		/* "short" is technically wrong but much more portable
2970 		   than guessing about u_?short(_t)? */
2971 	}
2972 #else
2973         /* diag_listed_as: sem%s not implemented */
2974 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
2975 #endif
2976 	break;
2977 #endif
2978 #if !defined(HAS_MSG) || !defined(HAS_SEM) || !defined(HAS_SHM)
2979     default:
2980         /* diag_listed_as: shm%s not implemented */
2981 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
2982 #endif
2983     }
2984 
2985     if (infosize)
2986     {
2987 	if (getinfo)
2988 	{
2989 	    SvPV_force_nolen(astr);
2990 	    a = SvGROW(astr, infosize+1);
2991 	}
2992 	else
2993 	{
2994 	    STRLEN len;
2995 	    a = SvPV(astr, len);
2996 	    if (len != infosize)
2997 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad arg length for %s, is %lu, should be %ld",
2998 		      PL_op_desc[optype],
2999 		      (unsigned long)len,
3000 		      (long)infosize);
3001 	}
3002     }
3003     else
3004     {
3005 	const IV i = SvIV(astr);
3006 	a = INT2PTR(char *,i);		/* ouch */
3007     }
3008     SETERRNO(0,0);
3009     switch (optype)
3010     {
3011 #ifdef HAS_MSG
3012     case OP_MSGCTL:
3013 	ret = msgctl(id, cmd, (struct msqid_ds *)a);
3014 	break;
3015 #endif
3016 #ifdef HAS_SEM
3017     case OP_SEMCTL: {
3018 #ifdef Semctl
3019             union semun unsemds;
3020 
3021             if(cmd == SETVAL) {
3022                 unsemds.val = PTR2nat(a);
3023             }
3024             else {
3025 #ifdef EXTRA_F_IN_SEMUN_BUF
3026                 unsemds.buff = (struct semid_ds *)a;
3027 #else
3028                 unsemds.buf = (struct semid_ds *)a;
3029 #endif
3030             }
3031 	    ret = Semctl(id, n, cmd, unsemds);
3032 #else
3033 	    /* diag_listed_as: sem%s not implemented */
3034 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
3035 #endif
3036         }
3037 	break;
3038 #endif
3039 #ifdef HAS_SHM
3040     case OP_SHMCTL:
3041 	ret = shmctl(id, cmd, (struct shmid_ds *)a);
3042 	break;
3043 #endif
3044     }
3045     if (getinfo && ret >= 0) {
3046 	SvCUR_set(astr, infosize);
3047 	*SvEND(astr) = '\0';
3048 	SvSETMAGIC(astr);
3049     }
3050     return ret;
3051 }
3052 
3053 I32
3054 Perl_do_msgsnd(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
3055 {
3056 #ifdef HAS_MSG
3057     STRLEN len;
3058     const I32 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
3059     SV * const mstr = *++mark;
3060     const I32 flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
3061     const char * const mbuf = SvPV_const(mstr, len);
3062     const I32 msize = len - sizeof(long);
3063 
3064     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_MSGSND;
3065     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
3066 
3067     if (msize < 0)
3068 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Arg too short for msgsnd");
3069     SETERRNO(0,0);
3070     if (id >= 0 && flags >= 0) {
3071       return msgsnd(id, (struct msgbuf *)mbuf, msize, flags);
3072     } else {
3073       SETERRNO(EINVAL,LIB_INVARG);
3074       return -1;
3075     }
3076 #else
3077     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
3078     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mark);
3079     /* diag_listed_as: msg%s not implemented */
3080     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "msgsnd not implemented");
3081     return -1;
3082 #endif
3083 }
3084 
3085 I32
3086 Perl_do_msgrcv(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
3087 {
3088 #ifdef HAS_MSG
3089     char *mbuf;
3090     long mtype;
3091     I32 msize, flags, ret;
3092     const I32 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
3093     SV * const mstr = *++mark;
3094 
3095     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_MSGRCV;
3096     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
3097 
3098     /* suppress warning when reading into undef var --jhi */
3099     if (! SvOK(mstr))
3100         SvPVCLEAR(mstr);
3101     msize = SvIVx(*++mark);
3102     mtype = (long)SvIVx(*++mark);
3103     flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
3104     SvPV_force_nolen(mstr);
3105     mbuf = SvGROW(mstr, sizeof(long)+msize+1);
3106 
3107     SETERRNO(0,0);
3108     if (id >= 0 && msize >= 0 && flags >= 0) {
3109         ret = msgrcv(id, (struct msgbuf *)mbuf, msize, mtype, flags);
3110     } else {
3111         SETERRNO(EINVAL,LIB_INVARG);
3112         ret = -1;
3113     }
3114     if (ret >= 0) {
3115 	SvCUR_set(mstr, sizeof(long)+ret);
3116 	*SvEND(mstr) = '\0';
3117 	/* who knows who has been playing with this message? */
3118 	SvTAINTED_on(mstr);
3119     }
3120     return ret;
3121 #else
3122     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
3123     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mark);
3124     /* diag_listed_as: msg%s not implemented */
3125     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "msgrcv not implemented");
3126     return -1;
3127 #endif
3128 }
3129 
3130 I32
3131 Perl_do_semop(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
3132 {
3133 #ifdef HAS_SEM
3134     STRLEN opsize;
3135     const I32 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
3136     SV * const opstr = *++mark;
3137     const char * const opbuf = SvPV_const(opstr, opsize);
3138 
3139     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_SEMOP;
3140     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
3141 
3142     if (opsize < 3 * SHORTSIZE
3143 	|| (opsize % (3 * SHORTSIZE))) {
3144 	SETERRNO(EINVAL,LIB_INVARG);
3145 	return -1;
3146     }
3147     SETERRNO(0,0);
3148     /* We can't assume that sizeof(struct sembuf) == 3 * sizeof(short). */
3149     {
3150         const int nsops  = opsize / (3 * sizeof (short));
3151         int i      = nsops;
3152         short * const ops = (short *) opbuf;
3153         short *o   = ops;
3154         struct sembuf *temps, *t;
3155         I32 result;
3156 
3157         Newx (temps, nsops, struct sembuf);
3158         t = temps;
3159         while (i--) {
3160             t->sem_num = *o++;
3161             t->sem_op  = *o++;
3162             t->sem_flg = *o++;
3163             t++;
3164         }
3165         result = semop(id, temps, nsops);
3166         Safefree(temps);
3167         return result;
3168     }
3169 #else
3170     /* diag_listed_as: sem%s not implemented */
3171     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "semop not implemented");
3172 #endif
3173 }
3174 
3175 I32
3176 Perl_do_shmio(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
3177 {
3178 #ifdef HAS_SHM
3179     char *shm;
3180     struct shmid_ds shmds;
3181     const I32 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
3182     SV * const mstr = *++mark;
3183     const I32 mpos = SvIVx(*++mark);
3184     const I32 msize = SvIVx(*++mark);
3185 
3186     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_SHMIO;
3187     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
3188 
3189     SETERRNO(0,0);
3190     if (shmctl(id, IPC_STAT, &shmds) == -1)
3191 	return -1;
3192     if (mpos < 0 || msize < 0
3193 	|| (size_t)mpos + msize > (size_t)shmds.shm_segsz) {
3194 	SETERRNO(EFAULT,SS_ACCVIO);		/* can't do as caller requested */
3195 	return -1;
3196     }
3197     if (id >= 0) {
3198         shm = (char *)shmat(id, NULL, (optype == OP_SHMREAD) ? SHM_RDONLY : 0);
3199     } else {
3200         SETERRNO(EINVAL,LIB_INVARG);
3201         return -1;
3202     }
3203     if (shm == (char *)-1)	/* I hate System V IPC, I really do */
3204 	return -1;
3205     if (optype == OP_SHMREAD) {
3206 	char *mbuf;
3207 	/* suppress warning when reading into undef var (tchrist 3/Mar/00) */
3208 	SvGETMAGIC(mstr);
3209 	SvUPGRADE(mstr, SVt_PV);
3210 	if (! SvOK(mstr))
3211             SvPVCLEAR(mstr);
3212 	SvPOK_only(mstr);
3213 	mbuf = SvGROW(mstr, (STRLEN)msize+1);
3214 
3215 	Copy(shm + mpos, mbuf, msize, char);
3216 	SvCUR_set(mstr, msize);
3217 	*SvEND(mstr) = '\0';
3218 	SvSETMAGIC(mstr);
3219 	/* who knows who has been playing with this shared memory? */
3220 	SvTAINTED_on(mstr);
3221     }
3222     else {
3223 	STRLEN len;
3224 
3225 	const char *mbuf = SvPV_const(mstr, len);
3226 	const I32 n = ((I32)len > msize) ? msize : (I32)len;
3227 	Copy(mbuf, shm + mpos, n, char);
3228 	if (n < msize)
3229 	    memzero(shm + mpos + n, msize - n);
3230     }
3231     return shmdt(shm);
3232 #else
3233     /* diag_listed_as: shm%s not implemented */
3234     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "shm I/O not implemented");
3235     return -1;
3236 #endif
3237 }
3238 
3239 #endif /* SYSV IPC */
3240 
3241 /*
3242 =head1 IO Functions
3243 
3244 =for apidoc start_glob
3245 
3246 Function called by C<do_readline> to spawn a glob (or do the glob inside
3247 perl on VMS).  This code used to be inline, but now perl uses C<File::Glob>
3248 this glob starter is only used by miniperl during the build process,
3249 or when PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB is defined.
3250 Moving it away shrinks F<pp_hot.c>; shrinking F<pp_hot.c> helps speed perl up.
3251 
3252 =cut
3253 */
3254 
3255 PerlIO *
3256 Perl_start_glob (pTHX_ SV *tmpglob, IO *io)
3257 {
3258     SV * const tmpcmd = newSV(0);
3259     PerlIO *fp;
3260     STRLEN len;
3261     const char *s = SvPV(tmpglob, len);
3262 
3263     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_START_GLOB;
3264 
3265     if (!IS_SAFE_SYSCALL(s, len, "pattern", "glob"))
3266         return NULL;
3267 
3268     ENTER;
3269     SAVEFREESV(tmpcmd);
3270 #ifdef VMS /* expand the wildcards right here, rather than opening a pipe, */
3271            /* since spawning off a process is a real performance hit */
3272 
3273 PerlIO *
3274 Perl_vms_start_glob
3275    (pTHX_ SV *tmpglob,
3276     IO *io);
3277 
3278     fp = Perl_vms_start_glob(aTHX_ tmpglob, io);
3279 
3280 #else /* !VMS */
3281 # ifdef DOSISH
3282 #  if defined(OS2)
3283     sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "for a in ");
3284     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
3285     sv_catpvs(tmpcmd, "; do echo \"$a\\0\\c\"; done |");
3286 #  elif defined(DJGPP)
3287     sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "/dev/dosglob/"); /* File System Extension */
3288     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
3289 #  else
3290     sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "perlglob ");
3291     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
3292     sv_catpvs(tmpcmd, " |");
3293 #  endif
3294 # elif defined(CSH)
3295     sv_setpvn(tmpcmd, PL_cshname, PL_cshlen);
3296     sv_catpvs(tmpcmd, " -cf 'set nonomatch; glob ");
3297     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
3298     sv_catpvs(tmpcmd, "' 2>/dev/null |");
3299 # else
3300     sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "echo ");
3301     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
3302     sv_catpvs(tmpcmd, "|tr -s ' \t\f\r' '\\n\\n\\n\\n'|");
3303 # endif /* !DOSISH && !CSH */
3304     {
3305         SV ** const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_envgv), "LS_COLORS", 0);
3306         if (svp && *svp)
3307             save_helem_flags(GvHV(PL_envgv),
3308                              newSVpvs_flags("LS_COLORS", SVs_TEMP), svp,
3309                              SAVEf_SETMAGIC);
3310     }
3311     (void)do_open6(PL_last_in_gv, SvPVX_const(tmpcmd), SvCUR(tmpcmd),
3312                    NULL, NULL, 0);
3313     fp = IoIFP(io);
3314 #endif /* !VMS */
3315     LEAVE;
3316 
3317     if (!fp && ckWARN(WARN_GLOB)) {
3318         Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_GLOB), "glob failed (can't start child: %s)",
3319                     Strerror(errno));
3320     }
3321 
3322     return fp;
3323 }
3324 
3325 /*
3326  * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et:
3327  */
3328