xref: /openbsd-src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/doio.c (revision 2b0358df1d88d06ef4139321dd05bd5e05d91eaf)
1 /*    doio.c
2  *
3  *    Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4  *    2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
5  *
6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8  *
9  */
10 
11 /*
12  * "Far below them they saw the white waters pour into a foaming bowl, and
13  * then swirl darkly about a deep oval basin in the rocks, until they found
14  * their way out again through a narrow gate, and flowed away, fuming and
15  * chattering, into calmer and more level reaches."
16  */
17 
18 /* This file contains functions that do the actual I/O on behalf of ops.
19  * For example, pp_print() calls the do_print() function in this file for
20  * each argument needing printing.
21  */
22 
23 #include "EXTERN.h"
24 #define PERL_IN_DOIO_C
25 #include "perl.h"
26 
27 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
28 #ifndef HAS_SEM
29 #include <sys/ipc.h>
30 #endif
31 #ifdef HAS_MSG
32 #include <sys/msg.h>
33 #endif
34 #ifdef HAS_SHM
35 #include <sys/shm.h>
36 # ifndef HAS_SHMAT_PROTOTYPE
37     extern Shmat_t shmat (int, char *, int);
38 # endif
39 #endif
40 #endif
41 
42 #ifdef I_UTIME
43 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
44 #    include <sys/utime.h>
45 #  else
46 #    include <utime.h>
47 #  endif
48 #endif
49 
50 #ifdef O_EXCL
51 #  define OPEN_EXCL O_EXCL
52 #else
53 #  define OPEN_EXCL 0
54 #endif
55 
56 #define PERL_MODE_MAX 8
57 #define PERL_FLAGS_MAX 10
58 
59 #include <signal.h>
60 
61 bool
62 Perl_do_openn(pTHX_ GV *gv, register const char *oname, I32 len, int as_raw,
63 	      int rawmode, int rawperm, PerlIO *supplied_fp, SV **svp,
64 	      I32 num_svs)
65 {
66     dVAR;
67     register IO * const io = GvIOn(gv);
68     PerlIO *saveifp = NULL;
69     PerlIO *saveofp = NULL;
70     int savefd = -1;
71     char savetype = IoTYPE_CLOSED;
72     int writing = 0;
73     PerlIO *fp;
74     int fd;
75     int result;
76     bool was_fdopen = FALSE;
77     bool in_raw = 0, in_crlf = 0, out_raw = 0, out_crlf = 0;
78     char *type  = NULL;
79     char mode[PERL_MODE_MAX];	/* file mode ("r\0", "rb\0", "ab\0" etc.) */
80     SV *namesv;
81 
82     Zero(mode,sizeof(mode),char);
83     PL_forkprocess = 1;		/* assume true if no fork */
84 
85     /* Collect default raw/crlf info from the op */
86     if (PL_op && PL_op->op_type == OP_OPEN) {
87 	/* set up IO layers */
88 	const U8 flags = PL_op->op_private;
89 	in_raw = (flags & OPpOPEN_IN_RAW);
90 	in_crlf = (flags & OPpOPEN_IN_CRLF);
91 	out_raw = (flags & OPpOPEN_OUT_RAW);
92 	out_crlf = (flags & OPpOPEN_OUT_CRLF);
93     }
94 
95     /* If currently open - close before we re-open */
96     if (IoIFP(io)) {
97 	fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
98 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_STD) {
99 	    /* This is a clone of one of STD* handles */
100 	    result = 0;
101 	}
102 	else if (fd >= 0 && fd <= PL_maxsysfd) {
103 	    /* This is one of the original STD* handles */
104 	    saveifp  = IoIFP(io);
105 	    saveofp  = IoOFP(io);
106 	    savetype = IoTYPE(io);
107 	    savefd   = fd;
108 	    result   = 0;
109 	}
110 	else if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_PIPE)
111 	    result = PerlProc_pclose(IoIFP(io));
112 	else if (IoIFP(io) != IoOFP(io)) {
113 	    if (IoOFP(io)) {
114 		result = PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io));
115 		PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io)); /* clear stdio, fd already closed */
116 	    }
117 	    else
118 		result = PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
119 	}
120 	else
121 	    result = PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
122 	if (result == EOF && fd > PL_maxsysfd) {
123 	    /* Why is this not Perl_warn*() call ? */
124 	    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
125 			  "Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly.\n",
126 			  GvENAME(gv));
127 	}
128 	IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = NULL;
129     }
130 
131     if (as_raw) {
132         /* sysopen style args, i.e. integer mode and permissions */
133 	STRLEN ix = 0;
134 	const int appendtrunc =
135 	     0
136 #ifdef O_APPEND	/* Not fully portable. */
137 	     |O_APPEND
138 #endif
139 #ifdef O_TRUNC	/* Not fully portable. */
140 	     |O_TRUNC
141 #endif
142 	     ;
143 	const int modifyingmode = O_WRONLY|O_RDWR|O_CREAT|appendtrunc;
144 	int ismodifying;
145 
146 	if (num_svs != 0) {
147 	     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sysopen with multiple args");
148 	}
149 	/* It's not always
150 
151 	   O_RDONLY 0
152 	   O_WRONLY 1
153 	   O_RDWR   2
154 
155 	   It might be (in OS/390 and Mac OS Classic it is)
156 
157 	   O_WRONLY 1
158 	   O_RDONLY 2
159 	   O_RDWR   3
160 
161 	   This means that simple & with O_RDWR would look
162 	   like O_RDONLY is present.  Therefore we have to
163 	   be more careful.
164 	*/
165 	if ((ismodifying = (rawmode & modifyingmode))) {
166 	     if ((ismodifying & O_WRONLY) == O_WRONLY ||
167 		 (ismodifying & O_RDWR)   == O_RDWR   ||
168 		 (ismodifying & (O_CREAT|appendtrunc)))
169 		  TAINT_PROPER("sysopen");
170 	}
171 	mode[ix++] = IoTYPE_NUMERIC; /* Marker to openn to use numeric "sysopen" */
172 
173 #if defined(USE_64_BIT_RAWIO) && defined(O_LARGEFILE)
174 	rawmode |= O_LARGEFILE;	/* Transparently largefiley. */
175 #endif
176 
177         IoTYPE(io) = PerlIO_intmode2str(rawmode, &mode[ix], &writing);
178 
179 	namesv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(oname,len));
180 	num_svs = 1;
181 	svp = &namesv;
182 	type = NULL;
183 	fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type, mode, -1, rawmode, rawperm, NULL, num_svs, svp);
184     }
185     else {
186 	/* Regular (non-sys) open */
187 	char *name;
188 	STRLEN olen = len;
189 	char *tend;
190 	int dodup = 0;
191 
192 	type = savepvn(oname, len);
193 	tend = type+len;
194 	SAVEFREEPV(type);
195 
196         /* Lose leading and trailing white space */
197 	while (isSPACE(*type))
198 	    type++;
199         while (tend > type && isSPACE(tend[-1]))
200 	    *--tend = '\0';
201 
202 	if (num_svs) {
203 	    /* New style explicit name, type is just mode and layer info */
204 #ifdef USE_STDIO
205 	    if (SvROK(*svp) && !strchr(oname,'&')) {
206 		if (ckWARN(WARN_IO))
207 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
208 			    "Can't open a reference");
209 		SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB_INVARG);
210 		goto say_false;
211 	    }
212 #endif /* USE_STDIO */
213 	    name = SvOK(*svp) ? savesvpv (*svp) : savepvn ("", 0);
214 	    SAVEFREEPV(name);
215 	}
216 	else {
217 	    name = type;
218 	    len  = tend-type;
219 	}
220 	IoTYPE(io) = *type;
221 	if ((*type == IoTYPE_RDWR) && /* scary */
222            (*(type+1) == IoTYPE_RDONLY || *(type+1) == IoTYPE_WRONLY) &&
223 	    ((!num_svs || (tend > type+1 && tend[-1] != IoTYPE_PIPE)))) {
224 	    TAINT_PROPER("open");
225 	    mode[1] = *type++;
226 	    writing = 1;
227 	}
228 
229 	if (*type == IoTYPE_PIPE) {
230 	    if (num_svs) {
231 		if (type[1] != IoTYPE_STD) {
232 	          unknown_open_mode:
233 		    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown open() mode '%.*s'", (int)olen, oname);
234 		}
235 		type++;
236 	    }
237 	    do {
238 		type++;
239 	    } while (isSPACE(*type));
240 	    if (!num_svs) {
241 		name = type;
242 		len = tend-type;
243 	    }
244 	    if (*name == '\0') {
245 		/* command is missing 19990114 */
246 		if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
247 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Missing command in piped open");
248 		errno = EPIPE;
249 		goto say_false;
250 	    }
251 	    if (!(*name == '-' && name[1] == '\0') || num_svs)
252 		TAINT_ENV();
253 	    TAINT_PROPER("piped open");
254 	    if (!num_svs && name[len-1] == '|') {
255 		name[--len] = '\0' ;
256 		if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
257 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Can't open bidirectional pipe");
258 	    }
259 	    mode[0] = 'w';
260 	    writing = 1;
261             if (out_raw)
262 		mode[1] = 'b';
263             else if (out_crlf)
264 		mode[1] = 't';
265 	    if (num_svs > 1) {
266 		fp = PerlProc_popen_list(mode, num_svs, svp);
267 	    }
268 	    else {
269 		fp = PerlProc_popen(name,mode);
270 	    }
271 	    if (num_svs) {
272 		if (*type) {
273 		    if (PerlIO_apply_layers(aTHX_ fp, mode, type) != 0) {
274 			goto say_false;
275 		    }
276 		}
277 	    }
278 	} /* IoTYPE_PIPE */
279 	else if (*type == IoTYPE_WRONLY) {
280 	    TAINT_PROPER("open");
281 	    type++;
282 	    if (*type == IoTYPE_WRONLY) {
283 		/* Two IoTYPE_WRONLYs in a row make for an IoTYPE_APPEND. */
284 		mode[0] = IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_APPEND;
285 		type++;
286 	    }
287 	    else {
288 		mode[0] = 'w';
289 	    }
290 	    writing = 1;
291 
292             if (out_raw)
293 		mode[1] = 'b';
294             else if (out_crlf)
295 		mode[1] = 't';
296 	    if (*type == '&') {
297 	      duplicity:
298 		dodup = PERLIO_DUP_FD;
299 		type++;
300 		if (*type == '=') {
301 		    dodup = 0;
302 		    type++;
303 		}
304 		if (!num_svs && !*type && supplied_fp) {
305 		    /* "<+&" etc. is used by typemaps */
306 		    fp = supplied_fp;
307 		}
308 		else {
309 		    PerlIO *that_fp = NULL;
310 		    if (num_svs > 1) {
311 			Perl_croak(aTHX_ "More than one argument to '%c&' open",IoTYPE(io));
312 		    }
313 		    while (isSPACE(*type))
314 			type++;
315 		    if (num_svs && (SvIOK(*svp) || (SvPOK(*svp) && looks_like_number(*svp)))) {
316 			fd = SvUV(*svp);
317 			num_svs = 0;
318 		    }
319 		    else if (isDIGIT(*type)) {
320 			fd = atoi(type);
321 		    }
322 		    else {
323 			const IO* thatio;
324 			if (num_svs) {
325 			    thatio = sv_2io(*svp);
326 			}
327 			else {
328 			    GV * const thatgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(type, tend - type,
329 						       0, SVt_PVIO);
330 			    thatio = GvIO(thatgv);
331 			}
332 			if (!thatio) {
333 #ifdef EINVAL
334 			    SETERRNO(EINVAL,SS_IVCHAN);
335 #endif
336 			    goto say_false;
337 			}
338 			if ((that_fp = IoIFP(thatio))) {
339 			    /* Flush stdio buffer before dup. --mjd
340 			     * Unfortunately SEEK_CURing 0 seems to
341 			     * be optimized away on most platforms;
342 			     * only Solaris and Linux seem to flush
343 			     * on that. --jhi */
344 #ifdef USE_SFIO
345 			    /* sfio fails to clear error on next
346 			       sfwrite, contrary to documentation.
347 			       -- Nicholas Clark */
348 			    if (PerlIO_seek(that_fp, 0, SEEK_CUR) == -1)
349 				PerlIO_clearerr(that_fp);
350 #endif
351 			    /* On the other hand, do all platforms
352 			     * take gracefully to flushing a read-only
353 			     * filehandle?  Perhaps we should do
354 			     * fsetpos(src)+fgetpos(dst)?  --nik */
355 			    PerlIO_flush(that_fp);
356 			    fd = PerlIO_fileno(that_fp);
357 			    /* When dup()ing STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
358 			     * explicitly set appropriate access mode */
359 			    if (that_fp == PerlIO_stdout()
360 				|| that_fp == PerlIO_stderr())
361 			        IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
362 			    else if (that_fp == PerlIO_stdin())
363                                 IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
364 			    /* When dup()ing a socket, say result is
365 			     * one as well */
366 			    else if (IoTYPE(thatio) == IoTYPE_SOCKET)
367 				IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
368 			}
369 			else
370 			    fd = -1;
371 		    }
372 		    if (!num_svs)
373 			type = NULL;
374 		    if (that_fp) {
375 			fp = PerlIO_fdupopen(aTHX_ that_fp, NULL, dodup);
376 		    }
377 		    else {
378 			if (dodup)
379 			    fd = PerlLIO_dup(fd);
380 			else
381 			    was_fdopen = TRUE;
382 			if (!(fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,fd,0,0,NULL,num_svs,svp))) {
383 			    if (dodup && fd >= 0)
384 				PerlLIO_close(fd);
385 			}
386 		    }
387 		}
388 	    } /* & */
389 	    else {
390 		while (isSPACE(*type))
391 		    type++;
392 		if (*type == IoTYPE_STD && (!type[1] || isSPACE(type[1]) || type[1] == ':')) {
393 		    type++;
394 		    fp = PerlIO_stdout();
395 		    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_STD;
396 		    if (num_svs > 1) {
397 			Perl_croak(aTHX_ "More than one argument to '>%c' open",IoTYPE_STD);
398 		    }
399 		}
400 		else  {
401 		    if (!num_svs) {
402 			namesv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(type,tend - type));
403 			num_svs = 1;
404 			svp = &namesv;
405 		        type = NULL;
406 		    }
407 		    fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,-1,0,0,NULL,num_svs,svp);
408 		}
409 	    } /* !& */
410 	    if (!fp && type && *type && *type != ':' && !isIDFIRST(*type))
411 	       goto unknown_open_mode;
412 	} /* IoTYPE_WRONLY */
413 	else if (*type == IoTYPE_RDONLY) {
414 	    do {
415 		type++;
416 	    } while (isSPACE(*type));
417 	    mode[0] = 'r';
418             if (in_raw)
419 		mode[1] = 'b';
420             else if (in_crlf)
421 		mode[1] = 't';
422 	    if (*type == '&') {
423 		goto duplicity;
424 	    }
425 	    if (*type == IoTYPE_STD && (!type[1] || isSPACE(type[1]) || type[1] == ':')) {
426 		type++;
427 		fp = PerlIO_stdin();
428 		IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_STD;
429 		if (num_svs > 1) {
430 		    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "More than one argument to '<%c' open",IoTYPE_STD);
431 		}
432 	    }
433 	    else {
434 		if (!num_svs) {
435 		    namesv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(type,tend - type));
436 		    num_svs = 1;
437 		    svp = &namesv;
438 		    type = NULL;
439 		}
440 		fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,-1,0,0,NULL,num_svs,svp);
441 	    }
442 	    if (!fp && type && *type && *type != ':' && !isIDFIRST(*type))
443 	       goto unknown_open_mode;
444 	} /* IoTYPE_RDONLY */
445 	else if ((num_svs && /* '-|...' or '...|' */
446 		  type[0] == IoTYPE_STD && type[1] == IoTYPE_PIPE) ||
447 	         (!num_svs && tend > type+1 && tend[-1] == IoTYPE_PIPE)) {
448 	    if (num_svs) {
449 		type += 2;   /* skip over '-|' */
450 	    }
451 	    else {
452 		*--tend = '\0';
453 		while (tend > type && isSPACE(tend[-1]))
454 		    *--tend = '\0';
455 		for (; isSPACE(*type); type++)
456 		    ;
457 		name = type;
458 	        len  = tend-type;
459 	    }
460 	    if (*name == '\0') {
461 		/* command is missing 19990114 */
462 		if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
463 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Missing command in piped open");
464 		errno = EPIPE;
465 		goto say_false;
466 	    }
467 	    if (!(*name == '-' && name[1] == '\0') || num_svs)
468 		TAINT_ENV();
469 	    TAINT_PROPER("piped open");
470 	    mode[0] = 'r';
471 
472             if (in_raw)
473 		mode[1] = 'b';
474             else if (in_crlf)
475 		mode[1] = 't';
476 
477 	    if (num_svs > 1) {
478 		fp = PerlProc_popen_list(mode,num_svs,svp);
479 	    }
480 	    else {
481 		fp = PerlProc_popen(name,mode);
482 	    }
483 	    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_PIPE;
484 	    if (num_svs) {
485 		while (isSPACE(*type))
486 		    type++;
487 		if (*type) {
488 		    if (PerlIO_apply_layers(aTHX_ fp, mode, type) != 0) {
489 			goto say_false;
490 		    }
491 		}
492 	    }
493 	}
494 	else { /* layer(Args) */
495 	    if (num_svs)
496 		goto unknown_open_mode;
497 	    name = type;
498 	    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
499 	    for (; isSPACE(*name); name++)
500 		;
501 	    mode[0] = 'r';
502 
503             if (in_raw)
504 		mode[1] = 'b';
505             else if (in_crlf)
506 		mode[1] = 't';
507 
508 	    if (*name == '-' && name[1] == '\0') {
509 		fp = PerlIO_stdin();
510 		IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_STD;
511 	    }
512 	    else {
513 		if (!num_svs) {
514 		    namesv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(type,tend - type));
515 		    num_svs = 1;
516 		    svp = &namesv;
517 		    type = NULL;
518 		}
519 		fp = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,mode,-1,0,0,NULL,num_svs,svp);
520 	    }
521 	}
522     }
523     if (!fp) {
524 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDONLY && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE)
525 	    && strchr(oname, '\n')
526 
527 	)
528 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NEWLINE), PL_warn_nl, "open");
529 	goto say_false;
530     }
531 
532     if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
533 	if ((IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDONLY) &&
534 	    (fp == PerlIO_stdout() || fp == PerlIO_stderr())) {
535 		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
536 			    "Filehandle STD%s reopened as %s only for input",
537 			    ((fp == PerlIO_stdout()) ? "OUT" : "ERR"),
538 			    GvENAME(gv));
539 	}
540 	else if ((IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY) && fp == PerlIO_stdin()) {
541 		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
542 			    "Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output",
543 			    GvENAME(gv));
544 	}
545     }
546 
547     fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
548     /* If there is no fd (e.g. PerlIO::scalar) assume it isn't a
549      * socket - this covers PerlIO::scalar - otherwise unless we "know" the
550      * type probe for socket-ness.
551      */
552     if (IoTYPE(io) && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_PIPE && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_STD && fd >= 0) {
553 	if (PerlLIO_fstat(fd,&PL_statbuf) < 0) {
554 	    /* If PerlIO claims to have fd we had better be able to fstat() it. */
555 	    (void) PerlIO_close(fp);
556 	    goto say_false;
557 	}
558 #ifndef PERL_MICRO
559 	if (S_ISSOCK(PL_statbuf.st_mode))
560 	    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;	/* in case a socket was passed in to us */
561 #ifdef HAS_SOCKET
562 	else if (
563 #ifdef S_IFMT
564 	    !(PL_statbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT)
565 #else
566 	    !PL_statbuf.st_mode
567 #endif
568 	    && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_WRONLY  /* Dups of STD* filehandles already have */
569 	    && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_RDONLY  /* type so they aren't marked as sockets */
570 	) {				    /* on OS's that return 0 on fstat()ed pipe */
571 	     char tmpbuf[256];
572 	     Sock_size_t buflen = sizeof tmpbuf;
573 	     if (PerlSock_getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)tmpbuf, &buflen) >= 0
574 		      || errno != ENOTSOCK)
575 		    IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET; /* some OS's return 0 on fstat()ed socket */
576 				                /* but some return 0 for streams too, sigh */
577 	}
578 #endif /* HAS_SOCKET */
579 #endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
580     }
581 
582     /* Eeek - FIXME !!!
583      * If this is a standard handle we discard all the layer stuff
584      * and just dup the fd into whatever was on the handle before !
585      */
586 
587     if (saveifp) {		/* must use old fp? */
588         /* If fd is less that PL_maxsysfd i.e. STDIN..STDERR
589            then dup the new fileno down
590          */
591 	if (saveofp) {
592 	    PerlIO_flush(saveofp);	/* emulate PerlIO_close() */
593 	    if (saveofp != saveifp) {	/* was a socket? */
594 		PerlIO_close(saveofp);
595 	    }
596 	}
597 	if (savefd != fd) {
598 	    /* Still a small can-of-worms here if (say) PerlIO::scalar
599 	       is assigned to (say) STDOUT - for now let dup2() fail
600 	       and provide the error
601 	     */
602 	    if (PerlLIO_dup2(fd, savefd) < 0) {
603 		(void)PerlIO_close(fp);
604 		goto say_false;
605 	    }
606 #ifdef VMS
607 	    if (savefd != PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stdin())) {
608                 char newname[FILENAME_MAX+1];
609                 if (PerlIO_getname(fp, newname)) {
610                     if (fd == PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stdout()))
611                         Perl_vmssetuserlnm(aTHX_ "SYS$OUTPUT", newname);
612                     if (fd == PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stderr()))
613                         Perl_vmssetuserlnm(aTHX_ "SYS$ERROR",  newname);
614                 }
615 	    }
616 #endif
617 
618 #if !defined(WIN32)
619            /* PL_fdpid isn't used on Windows, so avoid this useless work.
620             * XXX Probably the same for a lot of other places. */
621             {
622                 Pid_t pid;
623                 SV *sv;
624 
625                 LOCK_FDPID_MUTEX;
626                 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,fd,TRUE);
627                 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_IV);
628                 pid = SvIVX(sv);
629                 SvIV_set(sv, 0);
630                 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,savefd,TRUE);
631                 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_IV);
632                 SvIV_set(sv, pid);
633                 UNLOCK_FDPID_MUTEX;
634             }
635 #endif
636 
637 	    if (was_fdopen) {
638                 /* need to close fp without closing underlying fd */
639                 int ofd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
640                 int dupfd = PerlLIO_dup(ofd);
641 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
642 		/* Assume if we have F_SETFD we have F_GETFD */
643                 int coe = fcntl(ofd,F_GETFD);
644 #endif
645                 PerlIO_close(fp);
646                 PerlLIO_dup2(dupfd,ofd);
647 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
648 		/* The dup trick has lost close-on-exec on ofd */
649 		fcntl(ofd,F_SETFD, coe);
650 #endif
651                 PerlLIO_close(dupfd);
652 	    }
653             else
654 		PerlIO_close(fp);
655 	}
656 	fp = saveifp;
657 	PerlIO_clearerr(fp);
658 	fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
659     }
660 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
661     if (fd >= 0) {
662 	const int save_errno = errno;
663 	fcntl(fd,F_SETFD,fd > PL_maxsysfd); /* can change errno */
664 	errno = save_errno;
665     }
666 #endif
667     IoIFP(io) = fp;
668 
669     IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_NOLINE;
670     if (writing) {
671 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET
672 	    || (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY && fd >= 0 && S_ISCHR(PL_statbuf.st_mode)) ) {
673 	    char *s = mode;
674 	    if (*s == IoTYPE_IMPLICIT || *s == IoTYPE_NUMERIC)
675 	      s++;
676 	    *s = 'w';
677 	    if (!(IoOFP(io) = PerlIO_openn(aTHX_ type,s,fd,0,0,NULL,0,svp))) {
678 		PerlIO_close(fp);
679 		IoIFP(io) = NULL;
680 		goto say_false;
681 	    }
682 	}
683 	else
684 	    IoOFP(io) = fp;
685     }
686     return TRUE;
687 
688 say_false:
689     IoIFP(io) = saveifp;
690     IoOFP(io) = saveofp;
691     IoTYPE(io) = savetype;
692     return FALSE;
693 }
694 
695 PerlIO *
696 Perl_nextargv(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
697 {
698     dVAR;
699     register SV *sv;
700 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
701     int filedev;
702     int fileino;
703 #endif
704     Uid_t fileuid;
705     Gid_t filegid;
706     IO * const io = GvIOp(gv);
707 
708     if (!PL_argvoutgv)
709 	PL_argvoutgv = gv_fetchpvs("ARGVOUT", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVIO);
710     if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV) && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_START)) {
711 	IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_START;
712 	if (PL_inplace) {
713 	    assert(PL_defoutgv);
714 	    Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_argvout_stack,
715 				    SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(PL_defoutgv));
716 	}
717     }
718     if (PL_filemode & (S_ISUID|S_ISGID)) {
719 	PerlIO_flush(IoIFP(GvIOn(PL_argvoutgv)));  /* chmod must follow last write */
720 #ifdef HAS_FCHMOD
721 	if (PL_lastfd != -1)
722 	    (void)fchmod(PL_lastfd,PL_filemode);
723 #else
724 	(void)PerlLIO_chmod(PL_oldname,PL_filemode);
725 #endif
726     }
727     PL_lastfd = -1;
728     PL_filemode = 0;
729     if (!GvAV(gv))
730 	return NULL;
731     while (av_len(GvAV(gv)) >= 0) {
732 	STRLEN oldlen;
733 	sv = av_shift(GvAV(gv));
734 	SAVEFREESV(sv);
735 	sv_setsv(GvSVn(gv),sv);
736 	SvSETMAGIC(GvSV(gv));
737 	PL_oldname = SvPVx(GvSV(gv), oldlen);
738 	if (do_open(gv,PL_oldname,oldlen,PL_inplace!=0,O_RDONLY,0,NULL)) {
739 	    if (PL_inplace) {
740 		TAINT_PROPER("inplace open");
741 		if (oldlen == 1 && *PL_oldname == '-') {
742 		    setdefout(gv_fetchpvs("STDOUT", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL,
743 					  SVt_PVIO));
744 		    return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
745 		}
746 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
747 		filedev = PL_statbuf.st_dev;
748 		fileino = PL_statbuf.st_ino;
749 #endif
750 		PL_filemode = PL_statbuf.st_mode;
751 		fileuid = PL_statbuf.st_uid;
752 		filegid = PL_statbuf.st_gid;
753 		if (!S_ISREG(PL_filemode)) {
754 		    if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
755 		        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE),
756 			    "Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file",
757 		            PL_oldname );
758 		    do_close(gv,FALSE);
759 		    continue;
760 		}
761 		if (*PL_inplace) {
762 		    const char *star = strchr(PL_inplace, '*');
763 		    if (star) {
764 			const char *begin = PL_inplace;
765 			sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
766 			do {
767 			    sv_catpvn(sv, begin, star - begin);
768 			    sv_catpvn(sv, PL_oldname, oldlen);
769 			    begin = ++star;
770 			} while ((star = strchr(begin, '*')));
771 			if (*begin)
772 			    sv_catpv(sv,begin);
773 		    }
774 		    else {
775 			sv_catpv(sv,PL_inplace);
776 		    }
777 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
778 		    if ((PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(sv),&PL_statbuf) >= 0
779 			 && PL_statbuf.st_dev == filedev
780 			 && PL_statbuf.st_ino == fileino)
781 #ifdef DJGPP
782 			|| ((_djstat_fail_bits & _STFAIL_TRUENAME)!=0)
783 #endif
784                       )
785 		    {
786 			if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
787 			    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE),
788 			      "Can't do inplace edit: %"SVf" would not be unique",
789 			      SVfARG(sv));
790 			do_close(gv,FALSE);
791 			continue;
792 		    }
793 #endif
794 #ifdef HAS_RENAME
795 #if !defined(DOSISH) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && !defined(EPOC)
796 		    if (PerlLIO_rename(PL_oldname,SvPVX_const(sv)) < 0) {
797 		        if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
798 			    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE),
799 			      "Can't rename %s to %"SVf": %s, skipping file",
800 			      PL_oldname, SVfARG(sv), Strerror(errno));
801 			do_close(gv,FALSE);
802 			continue;
803 		    }
804 #else
805 		    do_close(gv,FALSE);
806 		    (void)PerlLIO_unlink(SvPVX_const(sv));
807 		    (void)PerlLIO_rename(PL_oldname,SvPVX_const(sv));
808 		    do_open(gv,(char*)SvPVX_const(sv),SvCUR(sv),PL_inplace!=0,
809 			    O_RDONLY,0,NULL);
810 #endif /* DOSISH */
811 #else
812 		    (void)UNLINK(SvPVX_const(sv));
813 		    if (link(PL_oldname,SvPVX_const(sv)) < 0) {
814 		        if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
815 			    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE),
816 			      "Can't rename %s to %"SVf": %s, skipping file",
817 			      PL_oldname, SVfARG(sv), Strerror(errno) );
818 			do_close(gv,FALSE);
819 			continue;
820 		    }
821 		    (void)UNLINK(PL_oldname);
822 #endif
823 		}
824 		else {
825 #if !defined(DOSISH) && !defined(AMIGAOS)
826 #  ifndef VMS  /* Don't delete; use automatic file versioning */
827 		    if (UNLINK(PL_oldname) < 0) {
828 		        if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
829 			    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE),
830 			      "Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file",
831 			      PL_oldname, Strerror(errno) );
832 			do_close(gv,FALSE);
833 			continue;
834 		    }
835 #  endif
836 #else
837 		    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do inplace edit without backup");
838 #endif
839 		}
840 
841 		sv_setpvn(sv,">",!PL_inplace);
842 		sv_catpvn(sv,PL_oldname,oldlen);
843 		SETERRNO(0,0);		/* in case sprintf set errno */
844 #ifdef VMS
845 		if (!do_open(PL_argvoutgv,(char*)SvPVX_const(sv),SvCUR(sv),
846 			     PL_inplace!=0,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0,NULL))
847 #else
848 		    if (!do_open(PL_argvoutgv,(char*)SvPVX_const(sv),SvCUR(sv),
849 			     PL_inplace!=0,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|OPEN_EXCL,0666,
850 			     NULL))
851 #endif
852 		{
853 		    if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
854 		        Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE), "Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s",
855 		          PL_oldname, Strerror(errno) );
856 		    do_close(gv,FALSE);
857 		    continue;
858 		}
859 		setdefout(PL_argvoutgv);
860 		PL_lastfd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOp(PL_argvoutgv)));
861 		(void)PerlLIO_fstat(PL_lastfd,&PL_statbuf);
862 #ifdef HAS_FCHMOD
863 		(void)fchmod(PL_lastfd,PL_filemode);
864 #else
865 #  if !(defined(WIN32) && defined(__BORLANDC__))
866 		/* Borland runtime creates a readonly file! */
867 		(void)PerlLIO_chmod(PL_oldname,PL_filemode);
868 #  endif
869 #endif
870 		if (fileuid != PL_statbuf.st_uid || filegid != PL_statbuf.st_gid) {
871 #ifdef HAS_FCHOWN
872 		    (void)fchown(PL_lastfd,fileuid,filegid);
873 #else
874 #ifdef HAS_CHOWN
875 		    (void)PerlLIO_chown(PL_oldname,fileuid,filegid);
876 #endif
877 #endif
878 		}
879 	    }
880 	    return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
881 	}
882 	else {
883 	    if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE)) {
884 		const int eno = errno;
885 		if (PerlLIO_stat(PL_oldname, &PL_statbuf) >= 0
886 		    && !S_ISREG(PL_statbuf.st_mode))
887 		{
888 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE),
889 				"Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file",
890 				PL_oldname);
891 		}
892 		else
893 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INPLACE), "Can't open %s: %s",
894 				PL_oldname, Strerror(eno));
895 	    }
896 	}
897     }
898     if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV))
899 	IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_START;
900     if (PL_inplace) {
901 	(void)do_close(PL_argvoutgv,FALSE);
902 	if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV)
903 	    && PL_argvout_stack && AvFILLp(PL_argvout_stack) >= 0)
904 	{
905 	    GV * const oldout = (GV*)av_pop(PL_argvout_stack);
906 	    setdefout(oldout);
907 	    SvREFCNT_dec(oldout);
908 	    return NULL;
909 	}
910 	setdefout(gv_fetchpvs("STDOUT", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVIO));
911     }
912     return NULL;
913 }
914 
915 /* explicit renamed to avoid C++ conflict    -- kja */
916 bool
917 Perl_do_close(pTHX_ GV *gv, bool not_implicit)
918 {
919     dVAR;
920     bool retval;
921     IO *io;
922 
923     if (!gv)
924 	gv = PL_argvgv;
925     if (!gv || SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
926 	if (not_implicit)
927 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
928 	return FALSE;
929     }
930     io = GvIO(gv);
931     if (!io) {		/* never opened */
932 	if (not_implicit) {
933 	    if (ckWARN(WARN_UNOPENED)) /* no check for closed here */
934 		report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
935 	    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
936 	}
937 	return FALSE;
938     }
939     retval = io_close(io, not_implicit);
940     if (not_implicit) {
941 	IoLINES(io) = 0;
942 	IoPAGE(io) = 0;
943 	IoLINES_LEFT(io) = IoPAGE_LEN(io);
944     }
945     IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_CLOSED;
946     return retval;
947 }
948 
949 bool
950 Perl_io_close(pTHX_ IO *io, bool not_implicit)
951 {
952     dVAR;
953     bool retval = FALSE;
954 
955     if (IoIFP(io)) {
956 	if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_PIPE) {
957 	    const int status = PerlProc_pclose(IoIFP(io));
958 	    if (not_implicit) {
959 		STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET(status);
960 		retval = (STATUS_UNIX == 0);
961 	    }
962 	    else {
963 		retval = (status != -1);
964 	    }
965 	}
966 	else if (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_STD)
967 	    retval = TRUE;
968 	else {
969 	    if (IoOFP(io) && IoOFP(io) != IoIFP(io)) {		/* a socket */
970 		const bool prev_err = PerlIO_error(IoOFP(io));
971 		retval = (PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io)) != EOF && !prev_err);
972 		PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));	/* clear stdio, fd already closed */
973 	    }
974 	    else {
975 		const bool prev_err = PerlIO_error(IoIFP(io));
976 		retval = (PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io)) != EOF && !prev_err);
977 	    }
978 	}
979 	IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = NULL;
980     }
981     else if (not_implicit) {
982 	SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
983     }
984 
985     return retval;
986 }
987 
988 bool
989 Perl_do_eof(pTHX_ GV *gv)
990 {
991     dVAR;
992     register IO * const io = GvIO(gv);
993 
994     if (!io)
995 	return TRUE;
996     else if ((IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY) && ckWARN(WARN_IO))
997 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, OP_phoney_OUTPUT_ONLY);
998 
999     while (IoIFP(io)) {
1000         if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(IoIFP(io))) {	/* (the code works without this) */
1001 	    if (PerlIO_get_cnt(IoIFP(io)) > 0)	/* cheat a little, since */
1002 		return FALSE;			/* this is the most usual case */
1003         }
1004 
1005 	{
1006 	     /* getc and ungetc can stomp on errno */
1007 	    const int saverrno = errno;
1008 	    const int ch = PerlIO_getc(IoIFP(io));
1009 	    if (ch != EOF) {
1010 		(void)PerlIO_ungetc(IoIFP(io),ch);
1011 		errno = saverrno;
1012 		return FALSE;
1013 	    }
1014 	    errno = saverrno;
1015 	}
1016 
1017         if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(IoIFP(io)) && PerlIO_canset_cnt(IoIFP(io))) {
1018 	    if (PerlIO_get_cnt(IoIFP(io)) < -1)
1019 		PerlIO_set_cnt(IoIFP(io),-1);
1020 	}
1021 	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { /* not necessarily a real EOF yet? */
1022 	    if (gv != PL_argvgv || !nextargv(gv))	/* get another fp handy */
1023 		return TRUE;
1024 	}
1025 	else
1026 	    return TRUE;		/* normal fp, definitely end of file */
1027     }
1028     return TRUE;
1029 }
1030 
1031 Off_t
1032 Perl_do_tell(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1033 {
1034     dVAR;
1035     register IO *io = NULL;
1036     register PerlIO *fp;
1037 
1038     if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) && (fp = IoIFP(io))) {
1039 #ifdef ULTRIX_STDIO_BOTCH
1040 	if (PerlIO_eof(fp))
1041 	    (void)PerlIO_seek(fp, 0L, 2);	/* ultrix 1.2 workaround */
1042 #endif
1043 	return PerlIO_tell(fp);
1044     }
1045     if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
1046 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
1047     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1048     return (Off_t)-1;
1049 }
1050 
1051 bool
1052 Perl_do_seek(pTHX_ GV *gv, Off_t pos, int whence)
1053 {
1054     dVAR;
1055     register IO *io = NULL;
1056     register PerlIO *fp;
1057 
1058     if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) && (fp = IoIFP(io))) {
1059 #ifdef ULTRIX_STDIO_BOTCH
1060 	if (PerlIO_eof(fp))
1061 	    (void)PerlIO_seek(fp, 0L, 2);	/* ultrix 1.2 workaround */
1062 #endif
1063 	return PerlIO_seek(fp, pos, whence) >= 0;
1064     }
1065     if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
1066 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
1067     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1068     return FALSE;
1069 }
1070 
1071 Off_t
1072 Perl_do_sysseek(pTHX_ GV *gv, Off_t pos, int whence)
1073 {
1074     dVAR;
1075     register IO *io = NULL;
1076     register PerlIO *fp;
1077 
1078     if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) && (fp = IoIFP(io)))
1079 	return PerlLIO_lseek(PerlIO_fileno(fp), pos, whence);
1080     if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
1081 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
1082     SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1083     return (Off_t)-1;
1084 }
1085 
1086 int
1087 Perl_mode_from_discipline(pTHX_ SV *discp)
1088 {
1089     int mode = O_BINARY;
1090     if (discp) {
1091 	STRLEN len;
1092 	const char *s = SvPV_const(discp,len);
1093 	while (*s) {
1094 	    if (*s == ':') {
1095 		switch (s[1]) {
1096 		case 'r':
1097 		    if (s[2] == 'a' && s[3] == 'w'
1098 			&& (!s[4] || s[4] == ':' || isSPACE(s[4])))
1099 		    {
1100 			mode = O_BINARY;
1101 			s += 4;
1102 			len -= 4;
1103 			break;
1104 		    }
1105 		    /* FALL THROUGH */
1106 		case 'c':
1107 		    if (s[2] == 'r' && s[3] == 'l' && s[4] == 'f'
1108 			&& (!s[5] || s[5] == ':' || isSPACE(s[5])))
1109 		    {
1110 			mode = O_TEXT;
1111 			s += 5;
1112 			len -= 5;
1113 			break;
1114 		    }
1115 		    /* FALL THROUGH */
1116 		default:
1117 		    goto fail_discipline;
1118 		}
1119 	    }
1120 	    else if (isSPACE(*s)) {
1121 		++s;
1122 		--len;
1123 	    }
1124 	    else {
1125 		const char *end;
1126 fail_discipline:
1127 		end = strchr(s+1, ':');
1128 		if (!end)
1129 		    end = s+len;
1130 #ifndef PERLIO_LAYERS
1131 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "IO layers (like '%.*s') unavailable", end-s, s);
1132 #else
1133 		len -= end-s;
1134 		s = end;
1135 #endif
1136 	    }
1137 	}
1138     }
1139     return mode;
1140 }
1141 
1142 #if !defined(HAS_TRUNCATE) && !defined(HAS_CHSIZE)
1143 I32
1144 my_chsize(int fd, Off_t length)
1145 {
1146 #ifdef F_FREESP
1147 	/* code courtesy of William Kucharski */
1148 #define HAS_CHSIZE
1149 
1150     Stat_t filebuf;
1151 
1152     if (PerlLIO_fstat(fd, &filebuf) < 0)
1153 	return -1;
1154 
1155     if (filebuf.st_size < length) {
1156 
1157 	/* extend file length */
1158 
1159 	if ((PerlLIO_lseek(fd, (length - 1), 0)) < 0)
1160 	    return -1;
1161 
1162 	/* write a "0" byte */
1163 
1164 	if ((PerlLIO_write(fd, "", 1)) != 1)
1165 	    return -1;
1166     }
1167     else {
1168 	/* truncate length */
1169 	struct flock fl;
1170 	fl.l_whence = 0;
1171 	fl.l_len = 0;
1172 	fl.l_start = length;
1173 	fl.l_type = F_WRLCK;    /* write lock on file space */
1174 
1175 	/*
1176 	* This relies on the UNDOCUMENTED F_FREESP argument to
1177 	* fcntl(2), which truncates the file so that it ends at the
1178 	* position indicated by fl.l_start.
1179 	*
1180 	* Will minor miracles never cease?
1181 	*/
1182 
1183 	if (fcntl(fd, F_FREESP, &fl) < 0)
1184 	    return -1;
1185 
1186     }
1187     return 0;
1188 #else
1189     Perl_croak_nocontext("truncate not implemented");
1190 #endif /* F_FREESP */
1191     return -1;
1192 }
1193 #endif /* !HAS_TRUNCATE && !HAS_CHSIZE */
1194 
1195 bool
1196 Perl_do_print(pTHX_ register SV *sv, PerlIO *fp)
1197 {
1198     dVAR;
1199     /* assuming fp is checked earlier */
1200     if (!sv)
1201 	return TRUE;
1202     if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_IV && SvIOK(sv)) {
1203 	assert(!SvGMAGICAL(sv));
1204 	if (SvIsUV(sv))
1205 	    PerlIO_printf(fp, "%"UVuf, (UV)SvUVX(sv));
1206 	else
1207 	    PerlIO_printf(fp, "%"IVdf, (IV)SvIVX(sv));
1208 	return !PerlIO_error(fp);
1209     }
1210     else {
1211 	STRLEN len;
1212 	/* Do this first to trigger any overloading.  */
1213 	const char *tmps = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1214 	U8 *tmpbuf = NULL;
1215 	bool happy = TRUE;
1216 
1217 	if (PerlIO_isutf8(fp)) {
1218 	    if (!SvUTF8(sv)) {
1219 		/* We don't modify the original scalar.  */
1220 		tmpbuf = bytes_to_utf8((const U8*) tmps, &len);
1221 		tmps = (char *) tmpbuf;
1222 	    }
1223 	}
1224 	else if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
1225 	    STRLEN tmplen = len;
1226 	    bool utf8 = TRUE;
1227 	    U8 * const result = bytes_from_utf8((const U8*) tmps, &tmplen, &utf8);
1228 	    if (!utf8) {
1229 		tmpbuf = result;
1230 		tmps = (char *) tmpbuf;
1231 		len = tmplen;
1232 	    }
1233 	    else {
1234 		assert((char *)result == tmps);
1235 		if (ckWARN_d(WARN_UTF8)) {
1236 		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UTF8),
1237 				"Wide character in print");
1238 		}
1239 	    }
1240 	}
1241 	/* To detect whether the process is about to overstep its
1242 	 * filesize limit we would need getrlimit().  We could then
1243 	 * also transparently raise the limit with setrlimit() --
1244 	 * but only until the system hard limit/the filesystem limit,
1245 	 * at which we would get EPERM.  Note that when using buffered
1246 	 * io the write failure can be delayed until the flush/close. --jhi */
1247 	if (len && (PerlIO_write(fp,tmps,len) == 0))
1248 	    happy = FALSE;
1249 	Safefree(tmpbuf);
1250 	return happy ? !PerlIO_error(fp) : FALSE;
1251     }
1252 }
1253 
1254 I32
1255 Perl_my_stat(pTHX)
1256 {
1257     dVAR;
1258     dSP;
1259     IO *io;
1260     GV* gv;
1261 
1262     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
1263 	EXTEND(SP,1);
1264 	gv = cGVOP_gv;
1265       do_fstat:
1266         if (gv == PL_defgv)
1267             return PL_laststatval;
1268 	io = GvIO(gv);
1269         do_fstat_have_io:
1270         PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
1271         PL_statgv = gv;
1272         sv_setpvn(PL_statname, "", 0);
1273         if(io) {
1274 	    if (IoIFP(io)) {
1275 	        return (PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_fstat(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), &PL_statcache));
1276             } else if (IoDIRP(io)) {
1277                 return (PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_fstat(my_dirfd(IoDIRP(io)), &PL_statcache));
1278             } else {
1279                 if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
1280                     report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
1281                 return (PL_laststatval = -1);
1282             }
1283 	} else {
1284             if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
1285                 report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
1286             return (PL_laststatval = -1);
1287         }
1288     }
1289     else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_STACKED) {
1290 	return PL_laststatval;
1291     }
1292     else {
1293 	SV* const sv = POPs;
1294 	const char *s;
1295 	STRLEN len;
1296 	PUTBACK;
1297 	if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1298 	    gv = (GV*)sv;
1299 	    goto do_fstat;
1300 	}
1301 	else if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVGV) {
1302 	    gv = (GV*)SvRV(sv);
1303 	    goto do_fstat;
1304 	}
1305         else if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVIO) {
1306             io = (IO*)SvRV(sv);
1307 	    gv = NULL;
1308             goto do_fstat_have_io;
1309         }
1310 
1311 	s = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1312 	PL_statgv = NULL;
1313 	sv_setpvn(PL_statname, s, len);
1314 	s = SvPVX_const(PL_statname);		/* s now NUL-terminated */
1315 	PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
1316 	PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_stat(s, &PL_statcache);
1317 	if (PL_laststatval < 0 && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && strchr(s, '\n'))
1318 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NEWLINE), PL_warn_nl, "stat");
1319 	return PL_laststatval;
1320     }
1321 }
1322 
1323 
1324 I32
1325 Perl_my_lstat(pTHX)
1326 {
1327     dVAR;
1328     static const char no_prev_lstat[] = "The stat preceding -l _ wasn't an lstat";
1329     dSP;
1330     SV *sv;
1331     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
1332 	EXTEND(SP,1);
1333 	if (cGVOP_gv == PL_defgv) {
1334 	    if (PL_laststype != OP_LSTAT)
1335 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ no_prev_lstat);
1336 	    return PL_laststatval;
1337 	}
1338 	if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
1339 	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO), "Use of -l on filehandle %s",
1340 		    GvENAME(cGVOP_gv));
1341 	    return (PL_laststatval = -1);
1342 	}
1343     }
1344     else if (PL_laststype != OP_LSTAT
1345 	    && (PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_STACKED) && ckWARN(WARN_IO))
1346 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ no_prev_lstat);
1347 
1348     PL_laststype = OP_LSTAT;
1349     PL_statgv = NULL;
1350     sv = POPs;
1351     PUTBACK;
1352     if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVGV && ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
1353 	Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO), "Use of -l on filehandle %s",
1354 		GvENAME((GV*) SvRV(sv)));
1355 	return (PL_laststatval = -1);
1356     }
1357     /* XXX Do really need to be calling SvPV() all these times? */
1358     sv_setpv(PL_statname,SvPV_nolen_const(sv));
1359     PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_lstat(SvPV_nolen_const(sv),&PL_statcache);
1360     if (PL_laststatval < 0 && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && strchr(SvPV_nolen_const(sv), '\n'))
1361 	Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NEWLINE), PL_warn_nl, "lstat");
1362     return PL_laststatval;
1363 }
1364 
1365 static void
1366 S_exec_failed(pTHX_ const char *cmd, int fd, int do_report)
1367 {
1368     const int e = errno;
1369     if (ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1370 	Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC), "Can't exec \"%s\": %s",
1371 		    cmd, Strerror(e));
1372     if (do_report) {
1373 	PerlLIO_write(fd, (void*)&e, sizeof(int));
1374 	PerlLIO_close(fd);
1375     }
1376 }
1377 
1378 bool
1379 Perl_do_aexec5(pTHX_ SV *really, register SV **mark, register SV **sp,
1380 	       int fd, int do_report)
1381 {
1382     dVAR;
1383 #if defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL) || defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
1384     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system");
1385 #else
1386     if (sp > mark) {
1387 	char **a;
1388 	const char *tmps = NULL;
1389 	Newx(PL_Argv, sp - mark + 1, char*);
1390 	a = PL_Argv;
1391 
1392 	while (++mark <= sp) {
1393 	    if (*mark)
1394 		*a++ = (char*)SvPV_nolen_const(*mark);
1395 	    else
1396 		*a++ = "";
1397 	}
1398 	*a = NULL;
1399 	if (really)
1400 	    tmps = SvPV_nolen_const(really);
1401 	if ((!really && *PL_Argv[0] != '/') ||
1402 	    (really && *tmps != '/'))		/* will execvp use PATH? */
1403 	    TAINT_ENV();		/* testing IFS here is overkill, probably */
1404 	PERL_FPU_PRE_EXEC
1405 	if (really && *tmps)
1406 	    PerlProc_execvp(tmps,EXEC_ARGV_CAST(PL_Argv));
1407 	else
1408 	    PerlProc_execvp(PL_Argv[0],EXEC_ARGV_CAST(PL_Argv));
1409 	PERL_FPU_POST_EXEC
1410  	S_exec_failed(aTHX_ (really ? tmps : PL_Argv[0]), fd, do_report);
1411     }
1412     do_execfree();
1413 #endif
1414     return FALSE;
1415 }
1416 
1417 void
1418 Perl_do_execfree(pTHX)
1419 {
1420     dVAR;
1421     Safefree(PL_Argv);
1422     PL_Argv = NULL;
1423     Safefree(PL_Cmd);
1424     PL_Cmd = NULL;
1425 }
1426 
1427 #ifdef PERL_DEFAULT_DO_EXEC3_IMPLEMENTATION
1428 
1429 bool
1430 Perl_do_exec3(pTHX_ const char *incmd, int fd, int do_report)
1431 {
1432     dVAR;
1433     register char **a;
1434     register char *s;
1435     char *buf;
1436     char *cmd;
1437 
1438     /* Make a copy so we can change it */
1439     const Size_t cmdlen = strlen(incmd) + 1;
1440     Newx(buf, cmdlen, char);
1441     cmd = buf;
1442     memcpy(cmd, incmd, cmdlen);
1443 
1444     while (*cmd && isSPACE(*cmd))
1445 	cmd++;
1446 
1447     /* save an extra exec if possible */
1448 
1449 #ifdef CSH
1450     {
1451         char flags[PERL_FLAGS_MAX];
1452 	if (strnEQ(cmd,PL_cshname,PL_cshlen) &&
1453 	    strnEQ(cmd+PL_cshlen," -c",3)) {
1454           my_strlcpy(flags, "-c", PERL_FLAGS_MAX);
1455 	  s = cmd+PL_cshlen+3;
1456 	  if (*s == 'f') {
1457 	      s++;
1458               my_strlcat(flags, "f", PERL_FLAGS_MAX - 2);
1459 	  }
1460 	  if (*s == ' ')
1461 	      s++;
1462 	  if (*s++ == '\'') {
1463 	      char * const ncmd = s;
1464 
1465 	      while (*s)
1466 		  s++;
1467 	      if (s[-1] == '\n')
1468 		  *--s = '\0';
1469 	      if (s[-1] == '\'') {
1470 		  *--s = '\0';
1471 		  PERL_FPU_PRE_EXEC
1472 		  PerlProc_execl(PL_cshname, "csh", flags, ncmd, (char*)NULL);
1473 		  PERL_FPU_POST_EXEC
1474 		  *s = '\'';
1475  		  S_exec_failed(aTHX_ PL_cshname, fd, do_report);
1476 		  Safefree(buf);
1477 		  return FALSE;
1478 	      }
1479 	  }
1480 	}
1481     }
1482 #endif /* CSH */
1483 
1484     /* see if there are shell metacharacters in it */
1485 
1486     if (*cmd == '.' && isSPACE(cmd[1]))
1487 	goto doshell;
1488 
1489     if (strnEQ(cmd,"exec",4) && isSPACE(cmd[4]))
1490 	goto doshell;
1491 
1492     s = cmd;
1493     while (isALNUM(*s))
1494 	s++;	/* catch VAR=val gizmo */
1495     if (*s == '=')
1496 	goto doshell;
1497 
1498     for (s = cmd; *s; s++) {
1499 	if (*s != ' ' && !isALPHA(*s) &&
1500 	    strchr("$&*(){}[]'\";\\|?<>~`\n",*s)) {
1501 	    if (*s == '\n' && !s[1]) {
1502 		*s = '\0';
1503 		break;
1504 	    }
1505 	    /* handle the 2>&1 construct at the end */
1506 	    if (*s == '>' && s[1] == '&' && s[2] == '1'
1507 		&& s > cmd + 1 && s[-1] == '2' && isSPACE(s[-2])
1508 		&& (!s[3] || isSPACE(s[3])))
1509 	    {
1510                 const char *t = s + 3;
1511 
1512 		while (*t && isSPACE(*t))
1513 		    ++t;
1514 		if (!*t && (PerlLIO_dup2(1,2) != -1)) {
1515 		    s[-2] = '\0';
1516 		    break;
1517 		}
1518 	    }
1519 	  doshell:
1520 	    PERL_FPU_PRE_EXEC
1521 	    PerlProc_execl(PL_sh_path, "sh", "-c", cmd, (char *)NULL);
1522 	    PERL_FPU_POST_EXEC
1523  	    S_exec_failed(aTHX_ PL_sh_path, fd, do_report);
1524 	    Safefree(buf);
1525 	    return FALSE;
1526 	}
1527     }
1528 
1529     Newx(PL_Argv, (s - cmd) / 2 + 2, char*);
1530     PL_Cmd = savepvn(cmd, s-cmd);
1531     a = PL_Argv;
1532     for (s = PL_Cmd; *s;) {
1533 	while (isSPACE(*s))
1534 	    s++;
1535 	if (*s)
1536 	    *(a++) = s;
1537 	while (*s && !isSPACE(*s))
1538 	    s++;
1539 	if (*s)
1540 	    *s++ = '\0';
1541     }
1542     *a = NULL;
1543     if (PL_Argv[0]) {
1544 	PERL_FPU_PRE_EXEC
1545 	PerlProc_execvp(PL_Argv[0],PL_Argv);
1546 	PERL_FPU_POST_EXEC
1547 	if (errno == ENOEXEC) {		/* for system V NIH syndrome */
1548 	    do_execfree();
1549 	    goto doshell;
1550 	}
1551  	S_exec_failed(aTHX_ PL_Argv[0], fd, do_report);
1552     }
1553     do_execfree();
1554     Safefree(buf);
1555     return FALSE;
1556 }
1557 
1558 #endif /* OS2 || WIN32 */
1559 
1560 I32
1561 Perl_apply(pTHX_ I32 type, register SV **mark, register SV **sp)
1562 {
1563     dVAR;
1564     register I32 val;
1565     register I32 tot = 0;
1566     const char *const what = PL_op_name[type];
1567     const char *s;
1568     SV ** const oldmark = mark;
1569 
1570     /* Doing this ahead of the switch statement preserves the old behaviour,
1571        where attempting to use kill as a taint test test would fail on
1572        platforms where kill was not defined.  */
1573 #ifndef HAS_KILL
1574     if (type == OP_KILL)
1575 	Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, what);
1576 #endif
1577 #ifndef HAS_CHOWN
1578     if (type == OP_CHOWN)
1579 	Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, what);
1580 #endif
1581 
1582 
1583 #define APPLY_TAINT_PROPER() \
1584     STMT_START {							\
1585 	if (PL_tainted) { TAINT_PROPER(what); }				\
1586     } STMT_END
1587 
1588     /* This is a first heuristic; it doesn't catch tainting magic. */
1589     if (PL_tainting) {
1590 	while (++mark <= sp) {
1591 	    if (SvTAINTED(*mark)) {
1592 		TAINT;
1593 		break;
1594 	    }
1595 	}
1596 	mark = oldmark;
1597     }
1598     switch (type) {
1599     case OP_CHMOD:
1600 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1601 	if (++mark <= sp) {
1602 	    val = SvIV(*mark);
1603 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1604 	    tot = sp - mark;
1605 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1606                 GV* gv;
1607                 if (SvTYPE(*mark) == SVt_PVGV) {
1608                     gv = (GV*)*mark;
1609 		do_fchmod:
1610 		    if (GvIO(gv) && IoIFP(GvIOp(gv))) {
1611 #ifdef HAS_FCHMOD
1612 			APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1613 			if (fchmod(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOn(gv))), val))
1614 			    tot--;
1615 #else
1616 			Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "fchmod");
1617 #endif
1618 		    }
1619 		    else {
1620 			tot--;
1621 		    }
1622 		}
1623 		else if (SvROK(*mark) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*mark)) == SVt_PVGV) {
1624 		    gv = (GV*)SvRV(*mark);
1625 		    goto do_fchmod;
1626 		}
1627 		else {
1628 		    const char *name = SvPV_nolen_const(*mark);
1629 		    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1630 		    if (PerlLIO_chmod(name, val))
1631 			tot--;
1632 		}
1633 	    }
1634 	}
1635 	break;
1636 #ifdef HAS_CHOWN
1637     case OP_CHOWN:
1638 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1639 	if (sp - mark > 2) {
1640             register I32 val2;
1641 	    val = SvIVx(*++mark);
1642 	    val2 = SvIVx(*++mark);
1643 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1644 	    tot = sp - mark;
1645 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1646                 GV* gv;
1647                 if (SvTYPE(*mark) == SVt_PVGV) {
1648                     gv = (GV*)*mark;
1649 		do_fchown:
1650 		    if (GvIO(gv) && IoIFP(GvIOp(gv))) {
1651 #ifdef HAS_FCHOWN
1652 			APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1653 			if (fchown(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOn(gv))), val, val2))
1654 			    tot--;
1655 #else
1656 			Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "fchown");
1657 #endif
1658 		    }
1659 		    else {
1660 			tot--;
1661 		    }
1662 		}
1663 		else if (SvROK(*mark) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*mark)) == SVt_PVGV) {
1664 		    gv = (GV*)SvRV(*mark);
1665 		    goto do_fchown;
1666 		}
1667 		else {
1668 		    const char *name = SvPV_nolen_const(*mark);
1669 		    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1670 		    if (PerlLIO_chown(name, val, val2))
1671 			tot--;
1672 		}
1673 	    }
1674 	}
1675 	break;
1676 #endif
1677 /*
1678 XXX Should we make lchown() directly available from perl?
1679 For now, we'll let Configure test for HAS_LCHOWN, but do
1680 nothing in the core.
1681     --AD  5/1998
1682 */
1683 #ifdef HAS_KILL
1684     case OP_KILL:
1685 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1686 	if (mark == sp)
1687 	    break;
1688 	s = SvPVx_nolen_const(*++mark);
1689 	if (isALPHA(*s)) {
1690 	    if (*s == 'S' && s[1] == 'I' && s[2] == 'G')
1691 		s += 3;
1692 	    if ((val = whichsig(s)) < 0)
1693 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unrecognized signal name \"%s\"",s);
1694 	}
1695 	else
1696 	    val = SvIV(*mark);
1697 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1698 	tot = sp - mark;
1699 #ifdef VMS
1700 	/* kill() doesn't do process groups (job trees?) under VMS */
1701 	if (val < 0) val = -val;
1702 	if (val == SIGKILL) {
1703 #	    include <starlet.h>
1704 	    /* Use native sys$delprc() to insure that target process is
1705 	     * deleted; supervisor-mode images don't pay attention to
1706 	     * CRTL's emulation of Unix-style signals and kill()
1707 	     */
1708 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1709 		I32 proc = SvIV(*mark);
1710 		register unsigned long int __vmssts;
1711 		APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1712 		if (!((__vmssts = sys$delprc(&proc,0)) & 1)) {
1713 		    tot--;
1714 		    switch (__vmssts) {
1715 			case SS$_NONEXPR:
1716 			case SS$_NOSUCHNODE:
1717 			    SETERRNO(ESRCH,__vmssts);
1718 			    break;
1719 			case SS$_NOPRIV:
1720 			    SETERRNO(EPERM,__vmssts);
1721 			    break;
1722 			default:
1723 			    SETERRNO(EVMSERR,__vmssts);
1724 		    }
1725 		}
1726 	    }
1727 	    break;
1728 	}
1729 #endif
1730 	if (val < 0) {
1731 	    val = -val;
1732 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1733 		const I32 proc = SvIV(*mark);
1734 		APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1735 #ifdef HAS_KILLPG
1736 		if (PerlProc_killpg(proc,val))	/* BSD */
1737 #else
1738 		if (PerlProc_kill(-proc,val))	/* SYSV */
1739 #endif
1740 		    tot--;
1741 	    }
1742 	}
1743 	else {
1744 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1745 		const I32 proc = SvIV(*mark);
1746 		APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1747 		if (PerlProc_kill(proc, val))
1748 		    tot--;
1749 	    }
1750 	}
1751 	break;
1752 #endif
1753     case OP_UNLINK:
1754 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1755 	tot = sp - mark;
1756 	while (++mark <= sp) {
1757 	    s = SvPV_nolen_const(*mark);
1758 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1759 	    if (PL_euid || PL_unsafe) {
1760 		if (UNLINK(s))
1761 		    tot--;
1762 	    }
1763 	    else {	/* don't let root wipe out directories without -U */
1764 		if (PerlLIO_lstat(s,&PL_statbuf) < 0 || S_ISDIR(PL_statbuf.st_mode))
1765 		    tot--;
1766 		else {
1767 		    if (UNLINK(s))
1768 			tot--;
1769 		}
1770 	    }
1771 	}
1772 	break;
1773 #if defined(HAS_UTIME) || defined(HAS_FUTIMES)
1774     case OP_UTIME:
1775 	APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1776 	if (sp - mark > 2) {
1777 #if defined(HAS_FUTIMES)
1778 	    struct timeval utbuf[2];
1779 	    void *utbufp = utbuf;
1780 #elif defined(I_UTIME) || defined(VMS)
1781 	    struct utimbuf utbuf;
1782 	    struct utimbuf *utbufp = &utbuf;
1783 #else
1784 	    struct {
1785 		Time_t	actime;
1786 		Time_t	modtime;
1787 	    } utbuf;
1788 	    void *utbufp = &utbuf;
1789 #endif
1790 
1791 	   SV* const accessed = *++mark;
1792 	   SV* const modified = *++mark;
1793 
1794            /* Be like C, and if both times are undefined, let the C
1795             * library figure out what to do.  This usually means
1796             * "current time". */
1797 
1798            if ( accessed == &PL_sv_undef && modified == &PL_sv_undef )
1799                 utbufp = NULL;
1800            else {
1801                 Zero(&utbuf, sizeof utbuf, char);
1802 #ifdef HAS_FUTIMES
1803 		utbuf[0].tv_sec = (long)SvIV(accessed);  /* time accessed */
1804 		utbuf[0].tv_usec = 0;
1805 		utbuf[1].tv_sec = (long)SvIV(modified);  /* time modified */
1806 		utbuf[1].tv_usec = 0;
1807 #elif defined(BIG_TIME)
1808                 utbuf.actime = (Time_t)SvNV(accessed);  /* time accessed */
1809                 utbuf.modtime = (Time_t)SvNV(modified); /* time modified */
1810 #else
1811                 utbuf.actime = (Time_t)SvIV(accessed);  /* time accessed */
1812                 utbuf.modtime = (Time_t)SvIV(modified); /* time modified */
1813 #endif
1814             }
1815 	    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1816 	    tot = sp - mark;
1817 	    while (++mark <= sp) {
1818                 GV* gv;
1819                 if (SvTYPE(*mark) == SVt_PVGV) {
1820                     gv = (GV*)*mark;
1821 		do_futimes:
1822 		    if (GvIO(gv) && IoIFP(GvIOp(gv))) {
1823 #ifdef HAS_FUTIMES
1824 			APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1825 			if (futimes(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOn(gv))),
1826                             (struct timeval *) utbufp))
1827 			    tot--;
1828 #else
1829 			Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "futimes");
1830 #endif
1831 		    }
1832 		    else {
1833 			tot--;
1834 		    }
1835 		}
1836 		else if (SvROK(*mark) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*mark)) == SVt_PVGV) {
1837 		    gv = (GV*)SvRV(*mark);
1838 		    goto do_futimes;
1839 		}
1840 		else {
1841 		    const char * const name = SvPV_nolen_const(*mark);
1842 		    APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1843 #ifdef HAS_FUTIMES
1844 		    if (utimes(name, (struct timeval *)utbufp))
1845 #else
1846 		    if (PerlLIO_utime(name, utbufp))
1847 #endif
1848 			tot--;
1849 		}
1850 
1851 	    }
1852 	}
1853 	else
1854 	    tot = 0;
1855 	break;
1856 #endif
1857     }
1858     return tot;
1859 
1860 #undef APPLY_TAINT_PROPER
1861 }
1862 
1863 /* Do the permissions allow some operation?  Assumes statcache already set. */
1864 #ifndef VMS /* VMS' cando is in vms.c */
1865 bool
1866 Perl_cando(pTHX_ Mode_t mode, bool effective, register const Stat_t *statbufp)
1867 /* effective is a flag, true for EUID, or for checking if the effective gid
1868  *  is in the list of groups returned from getgroups().
1869  */
1870 {
1871     dVAR;
1872 #ifdef DOSISH
1873     /* [Comments and code from Len Reed]
1874      * MS-DOS "user" is similar to UNIX's "superuser," but can't write
1875      * to write-protected files.  The execute permission bit is set
1876      * by the Miscrosoft C library stat() function for the following:
1877      *		.exe files
1878      *		.com files
1879      *		.bat files
1880      *		directories
1881      * All files and directories are readable.
1882      * Directories and special files, e.g. "CON", cannot be
1883      * write-protected.
1884      * [Comment by Tom Dinger -- a directory can have the write-protect
1885      *		bit set in the file system, but DOS permits changes to
1886      *		the directory anyway.  In addition, all bets are off
1887      *		here for networked software, such as Novell and
1888      *		Sun's PC-NFS.]
1889      */
1890 
1891      /* Atari stat() does pretty much the same thing. we set x_bit_set_in_stat
1892       * too so it will actually look into the files for magic numbers
1893       */
1894      return (mode & statbufp->st_mode) ? TRUE : FALSE;
1895 
1896 #else /* ! DOSISH */
1897     if ((effective ? PL_euid : PL_uid) == 0) {	/* root is special */
1898 	if (mode == S_IXUSR) {
1899 	    if (statbufp->st_mode & 0111 || S_ISDIR(statbufp->st_mode))
1900 		return TRUE;
1901 	}
1902 	else
1903 	    return TRUE;		/* root reads and writes anything */
1904 	return FALSE;
1905     }
1906     if (statbufp->st_uid == (effective ? PL_euid : PL_uid) ) {
1907 	if (statbufp->st_mode & mode)
1908 	    return TRUE;	/* ok as "user" */
1909     }
1910     else if (ingroup(statbufp->st_gid,effective)) {
1911 	if (statbufp->st_mode & mode >> 3)
1912 	    return TRUE;	/* ok as "group" */
1913     }
1914     else if (statbufp->st_mode & mode >> 6)
1915 	return TRUE;	/* ok as "other" */
1916     return FALSE;
1917 #endif /* ! DOSISH */
1918 }
1919 #endif /* ! VMS */
1920 
1921 bool
1922 Perl_ingroup(pTHX_ Gid_t testgid, bool effective)
1923 {
1924 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1925     /* This is simply not correct for AppleShare, but fix it yerself. */
1926     return TRUE;
1927 #else
1928     dVAR;
1929     if (testgid == (effective ? PL_egid : PL_gid))
1930 	return TRUE;
1931 #ifdef HAS_GETGROUPS
1932     {
1933 	Groups_t *gary = NULL;
1934 	I32 anum;
1935         bool rc = FALSE;
1936 
1937 	anum = getgroups(0, gary);
1938         Newx(gary, anum, Groups_t);
1939         anum = getgroups(anum, gary);
1940 	while (--anum >= 0)
1941 	    if (gary[anum] == testgid) {
1942                 rc = TRUE;
1943                 break;
1944             }
1945 
1946         Safefree(gary);
1947         return rc;
1948     }
1949 #else
1950     return FALSE;
1951 #endif
1952 #endif
1953 }
1954 
1955 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
1956 
1957 I32
1958 Perl_do_ipcget(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
1959 {
1960     dVAR;
1961     const key_t key = (key_t)SvNVx(*++mark);
1962     const I32 n = (optype == OP_MSGGET) ? 0 : SvIVx(*++mark);
1963     const I32 flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
1964 
1965     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
1966 
1967     SETERRNO(0,0);
1968     switch (optype)
1969     {
1970 #ifdef HAS_MSG
1971     case OP_MSGGET:
1972 	return msgget(key, flags);
1973 #endif
1974 #ifdef HAS_SEM
1975     case OP_SEMGET:
1976 	return semget(key, n, flags);
1977 #endif
1978 #ifdef HAS_SHM
1979     case OP_SHMGET:
1980 	return shmget(key, n, flags);
1981 #endif
1982 #if !defined(HAS_MSG) || !defined(HAS_SEM) || !defined(HAS_SHM)
1983     default:
1984 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
1985 #endif
1986     }
1987     return -1;			/* should never happen */
1988 }
1989 
1990 I32
1991 Perl_do_ipcctl(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
1992 {
1993     dVAR;
1994     char *a;
1995     I32 ret = -1;
1996     const I32 id  = SvIVx(*++mark);
1997 #ifdef Semctl
1998     const I32 n   = (optype == OP_SEMCTL) ? SvIVx(*++mark) : 0;
1999 #endif
2000     const I32 cmd = SvIVx(*++mark);
2001     SV * const astr = *++mark;
2002     STRLEN infosize = 0;
2003     I32 getinfo = (cmd == IPC_STAT);
2004 
2005     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
2006 
2007     switch (optype)
2008     {
2009 #ifdef HAS_MSG
2010     case OP_MSGCTL:
2011 	if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
2012 	    infosize = sizeof(struct msqid_ds);
2013 	break;
2014 #endif
2015 #ifdef HAS_SHM
2016     case OP_SHMCTL:
2017 	if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
2018 	    infosize = sizeof(struct shmid_ds);
2019 	break;
2020 #endif
2021 #ifdef HAS_SEM
2022     case OP_SEMCTL:
2023 #ifdef Semctl
2024 	if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
2025 	    infosize = sizeof(struct semid_ds);
2026 	else if (cmd == GETALL || cmd == SETALL)
2027 	{
2028 	    struct semid_ds semds;
2029 	    union semun semun;
2030 #ifdef EXTRA_F_IN_SEMUN_BUF
2031             semun.buff = &semds;
2032 #else
2033             semun.buf = &semds;
2034 #endif
2035 	    getinfo = (cmd == GETALL);
2036 	    if (Semctl(id, 0, IPC_STAT, semun) == -1)
2037 		return -1;
2038 	    infosize = semds.sem_nsems * sizeof(short);
2039 		/* "short" is technically wrong but much more portable
2040 		   than guessing about u_?short(_t)? */
2041 	}
2042 #else
2043 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
2044 #endif
2045 	break;
2046 #endif
2047 #if !defined(HAS_MSG) || !defined(HAS_SEM) || !defined(HAS_SHM)
2048     default:
2049 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
2050 #endif
2051     }
2052 
2053     if (infosize)
2054     {
2055 	if (getinfo)
2056 	{
2057 	    SvPV_force_nolen(astr);
2058 	    a = SvGROW(astr, infosize+1);
2059 	}
2060 	else
2061 	{
2062 	    STRLEN len;
2063 	    a = SvPV(astr, len);
2064 	    if (len != infosize)
2065 		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad arg length for %s, is %lu, should be %ld",
2066 		      PL_op_desc[optype],
2067 		      (unsigned long)len,
2068 		      (long)infosize);
2069 	}
2070     }
2071     else
2072     {
2073 	const IV i = SvIV(astr);
2074 	a = INT2PTR(char *,i);		/* ouch */
2075     }
2076     SETERRNO(0,0);
2077     switch (optype)
2078     {
2079 #ifdef HAS_MSG
2080     case OP_MSGCTL:
2081 	ret = msgctl(id, cmd, (struct msqid_ds *)a);
2082 	break;
2083 #endif
2084 #ifdef HAS_SEM
2085     case OP_SEMCTL: {
2086 #ifdef Semctl
2087             union semun unsemds;
2088 
2089 #ifdef EXTRA_F_IN_SEMUN_BUF
2090             unsemds.buff = (struct semid_ds *)a;
2091 #else
2092             unsemds.buf = (struct semid_ds *)a;
2093 #endif
2094 	    ret = Semctl(id, n, cmd, unsemds);
2095 #else
2096 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
2097 #endif
2098         }
2099 	break;
2100 #endif
2101 #ifdef HAS_SHM
2102     case OP_SHMCTL:
2103 	ret = shmctl(id, cmd, (struct shmid_ds *)a);
2104 	break;
2105 #endif
2106     }
2107     if (getinfo && ret >= 0) {
2108 	SvCUR_set(astr, infosize);
2109 	*SvEND(astr) = '\0';
2110 	SvSETMAGIC(astr);
2111     }
2112     return ret;
2113 }
2114 
2115 I32
2116 Perl_do_msgsnd(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
2117 {
2118     dVAR;
2119 #ifdef HAS_MSG
2120     STRLEN len;
2121     const I32 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
2122     SV * const mstr = *++mark;
2123     const I32 flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
2124     const char * const mbuf = SvPV_const(mstr, len);
2125     const I32 msize = len - sizeof(long);
2126 
2127     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
2128 
2129     if (msize < 0)
2130 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Arg too short for msgsnd");
2131     SETERRNO(0,0);
2132     return msgsnd(id, (struct msgbuf *)mbuf, msize, flags);
2133 #else
2134     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
2135     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mark);
2136     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "msgsnd not implemented");
2137 #endif
2138 }
2139 
2140 I32
2141 Perl_do_msgrcv(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
2142 {
2143 #ifdef HAS_MSG
2144     dVAR;
2145     char *mbuf;
2146     long mtype;
2147     I32 msize, flags, ret;
2148     const I32 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
2149     SV * const mstr = *++mark;
2150     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
2151 
2152     /* suppress warning when reading into undef var --jhi */
2153     if (! SvOK(mstr))
2154 	sv_setpvn(mstr, "", 0);
2155     msize = SvIVx(*++mark);
2156     mtype = (long)SvIVx(*++mark);
2157     flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
2158     SvPV_force_nolen(mstr);
2159     mbuf = SvGROW(mstr, sizeof(long)+msize+1);
2160 
2161     SETERRNO(0,0);
2162     ret = msgrcv(id, (struct msgbuf *)mbuf, msize, mtype, flags);
2163     if (ret >= 0) {
2164 	SvCUR_set(mstr, sizeof(long)+ret);
2165 	*SvEND(mstr) = '\0';
2166 #ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
2167 	/* who knows who has been playing with this message? */
2168 	SvTAINTED_on(mstr);
2169 #endif
2170     }
2171     return ret;
2172 #else
2173     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
2174     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mark);
2175     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "msgrcv not implemented");
2176 #endif
2177 }
2178 
2179 I32
2180 Perl_do_semop(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
2181 {
2182 #ifdef HAS_SEM
2183     dVAR;
2184     STRLEN opsize;
2185     const I32 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
2186     SV * const opstr = *++mark;
2187     const char * const opbuf = SvPV_const(opstr, opsize);
2188     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
2189 
2190     if (opsize < 3 * SHORTSIZE
2191 	|| (opsize % (3 * SHORTSIZE))) {
2192 	SETERRNO(EINVAL,LIB_INVARG);
2193 	return -1;
2194     }
2195     SETERRNO(0,0);
2196     /* We can't assume that sizeof(struct sembuf) == 3 * sizeof(short). */
2197     {
2198         const int nsops  = opsize / (3 * sizeof (short));
2199         int i      = nsops;
2200         short * const ops = (short *) opbuf;
2201         short *o   = ops;
2202         struct sembuf *temps, *t;
2203         I32 result;
2204 
2205         Newx (temps, nsops, struct sembuf);
2206         t = temps;
2207         while (i--) {
2208             t->sem_num = *o++;
2209             t->sem_op  = *o++;
2210             t->sem_flg = *o++;
2211             t++;
2212         }
2213         result = semop(id, temps, nsops);
2214         t = temps;
2215         o = ops;
2216         i = nsops;
2217         while (i--) {
2218             *o++ = t->sem_num;
2219             *o++ = t->sem_op;
2220             *o++ = t->sem_flg;
2221             t++;
2222         }
2223         Safefree(temps);
2224         return result;
2225     }
2226 #else
2227     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "semop not implemented");
2228 #endif
2229 }
2230 
2231 I32
2232 Perl_do_shmio(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
2233 {
2234 #ifdef HAS_SHM
2235     dVAR;
2236     char *shm;
2237     struct shmid_ds shmds;
2238     const I32 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
2239     SV * const mstr = *++mark;
2240     const I32 mpos = SvIVx(*++mark);
2241     const I32 msize = SvIVx(*++mark);
2242     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sp);
2243 
2244     SETERRNO(0,0);
2245     if (shmctl(id, IPC_STAT, &shmds) == -1)
2246 	return -1;
2247     if (mpos < 0 || msize < 0
2248 	|| (size_t)mpos + msize > (size_t)shmds.shm_segsz) {
2249 	SETERRNO(EFAULT,SS_ACCVIO);		/* can't do as caller requested */
2250 	return -1;
2251     }
2252     shm = (char *)shmat(id, NULL, (optype == OP_SHMREAD) ? SHM_RDONLY : 0);
2253     if (shm == (char *)-1)	/* I hate System V IPC, I really do */
2254 	return -1;
2255     if (optype == OP_SHMREAD) {
2256 	char *mbuf;
2257 	/* suppress warning when reading into undef var (tchrist 3/Mar/00) */
2258 	if (! SvOK(mstr))
2259 	    sv_setpvn(mstr, "", 0);
2260 	SvPV_force_nolen(mstr);
2261 	mbuf = SvGROW(mstr, (STRLEN)msize+1);
2262 
2263 	Copy(shm + mpos, mbuf, msize, char);
2264 	SvCUR_set(mstr, msize);
2265 	*SvEND(mstr) = '\0';
2266 	SvSETMAGIC(mstr);
2267 #ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
2268 	/* who knows who has been playing with this shared memory? */
2269 	SvTAINTED_on(mstr);
2270 #endif
2271     }
2272     else {
2273 	STRLEN len;
2274 
2275 	const char *mbuf = SvPV_const(mstr, len);
2276 	const I32 n = ((I32)len > msize) ? msize : (I32)len;
2277 	Copy(mbuf, shm + mpos, n, char);
2278 	if (n < msize)
2279 	    memzero(shm + mpos + n, msize - n);
2280     }
2281     return shmdt(shm);
2282 #else
2283     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "shm I/O not implemented");
2284 #endif
2285 }
2286 
2287 #endif /* SYSV IPC */
2288 
2289 /*
2290 =head1 IO Functions
2291 
2292 =for apidoc start_glob
2293 
2294 Function called by C<do_readline> to spawn a glob (or do the glob inside
2295 perl on VMS). This code used to be inline, but now perl uses C<File::Glob>
2296 this glob starter is only used by miniperl during the build process.
2297 Moving it away shrinks pp_hot.c; shrinking pp_hot.c helps speed perl up.
2298 
2299 =cut
2300 */
2301 
2302 PerlIO *
2303 Perl_start_glob (pTHX_ SV *tmpglob, IO *io)
2304 {
2305     dVAR;
2306     SV * const tmpcmd = newSV(0);
2307     PerlIO *fp;
2308     ENTER;
2309     SAVEFREESV(tmpcmd);
2310 #ifdef VMS /* expand the wildcards right here, rather than opening a pipe, */
2311            /* since spawning off a process is a real performance hit */
2312 
2313 PerlIO *
2314 Perl_vms_start_glob
2315    (pTHX_ SV *tmpglob,
2316     IO *io);
2317 
2318     fp = Perl_vms_start_glob(aTHX_ tmpglob, io);
2319 
2320 #else /* !VMS */
2321 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
2322     sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "glob ");
2323     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
2324     sv_catpv(tmpcmd, " |");
2325 #else
2326 #ifdef DOSISH
2327 #ifdef OS2
2328     sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "for a in ");
2329     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
2330     sv_catpv(tmpcmd, "; do echo \"$a\\0\\c\"; done |");
2331 #else
2332 #ifdef DJGPP
2333     sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "/dev/dosglob/"); /* File System Extension */
2334     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
2335 #else
2336     sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "perlglob ");
2337     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
2338     sv_catpv(tmpcmd, " |");
2339 #endif /* !DJGPP */
2340 #endif /* !OS2 */
2341 #else /* !DOSISH */
2342 #if defined(CSH)
2343     sv_setpvn(tmpcmd, PL_cshname, PL_cshlen);
2344     sv_catpv(tmpcmd, " -cf 'set nonomatch; glob ");
2345     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
2346     sv_catpv(tmpcmd, "' 2>/dev/null |");
2347 #else
2348     sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "echo ");
2349     sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
2350 #if 'z' - 'a' == 25
2351     sv_catpv(tmpcmd, "|tr -s ' \t\f\r' '\\012\\012\\012\\012'|");
2352 #else
2353     sv_catpv(tmpcmd, "|tr -s ' \t\f\r' '\\n\\n\\n\\n'|");
2354 #endif
2355 #endif /* !CSH */
2356 #endif /* !DOSISH */
2357 #endif /* MACOS_TRADITIONAL */
2358     (void)do_open(PL_last_in_gv, (char*)SvPVX_const(tmpcmd), SvCUR(tmpcmd),
2359 		  FALSE, O_RDONLY, 0, NULL);
2360     fp = IoIFP(io);
2361 #endif /* !VMS */
2362     LEAVE;
2363     return fp;
2364 }
2365 
2366 /*
2367  * Local variables:
2368  * c-indentation-style: bsd
2369  * c-basic-offset: 4
2370  * indent-tabs-mode: t
2371  * End:
2372  *
2373  * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
2374  */
2375