xref: /openbsd-src/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/include/bfdlink.h (revision b2ea75c1b17e1a9a339660e7ed45cd24946b230e)
1 /* bfdlink.h -- header file for BFD link routines
2    Copyright 1993, 94, 95, 96, 97, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3    Written by Steve Chamberlain and Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support.
4 
5 This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.
6 
7 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
10 (at your option) any later version.
11 
12 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
20 
21 #ifndef BFDLINK_H
22 #define BFDLINK_H
23 
24 /* Which symbols to strip during a link.  */
25 enum bfd_link_strip
26 {
27   strip_none,		/* Don't strip any symbols.  */
28   strip_debugger,	/* Strip debugging symbols.  */
29   strip_some,		/* keep_hash is the list of symbols to keep.  */
30   strip_all		/* Strip all symbols.  */
31 };
32 
33 /* Which local symbols to discard during a link.  This is irrelevant
34    if strip_all is used.  */
35 enum bfd_link_discard
36 {
37   discard_none,		/* Don't discard any locals.  */
38   discard_l,		/* Discard local temporary symbols.  */
39   discard_all		/* Discard all locals.  */
40 };
41 
42 /* These are the possible types of an entry in the BFD link hash
43    table.  */
44 
45 enum bfd_link_hash_type
46 {
47   bfd_link_hash_new,		/* Symbol is new.  */
48   bfd_link_hash_undefined,	/* Symbol seen before, but undefined.  */
49   bfd_link_hash_undefweak,	/* Symbol is weak and undefined.  */
50   bfd_link_hash_defined,	/* Symbol is defined.  */
51   bfd_link_hash_defweak,	/* Symbol is weak and defined.  */
52   bfd_link_hash_common,		/* Symbol is common.  */
53   bfd_link_hash_indirect,	/* Symbol is an indirect link.  */
54   bfd_link_hash_warning		/* Like indirect, but warn if referenced.  */
55 };
56 
57 /* The linking routines use a hash table which uses this structure for
58    its elements.  */
59 
60 struct bfd_link_hash_entry
61 {
62   /* Base hash table entry structure.  */
63   struct bfd_hash_entry root;
64   /* Type of this entry.  */
65   enum bfd_link_hash_type type;
66 
67   /* Undefined and common symbols are kept in a linked list through
68      this field.  This field is not in the union because that would
69      force us to remove entries from the list when we changed their
70      type, which would force the list to be doubly linked, which would
71      waste more memory.  When an undefined or common symbol is
72      created, it should be added to this list, the head of which is in
73      the link hash table itself.  As symbols are defined, they need
74      not be removed from the list; anything which reads the list must
75      doublecheck the symbol type.
76 
77      Weak symbols are not kept on this list.
78 
79      Defined and defweak symbols use this field as a reference marker.
80      If the field is not NULL, or this structure is the tail of the
81      undefined symbol list, the symbol has been referenced.  If the
82      symbol is undefined and becomes defined, this field will
83      automatically be non-NULL since the symbol will have been on the
84      undefined symbol list.  */
85   struct bfd_link_hash_entry *next;
86   /* A union of information depending upon the type.  */
87   union
88     {
89       /* Nothing is kept for bfd_hash_new.  */
90       /* bfd_link_hash_undefined, bfd_link_hash_undefweak.  */
91       struct
92 	{
93 	  bfd *abfd;		/* BFD symbol was found in.  */
94 	} undef;
95       /* bfd_link_hash_defined, bfd_link_hash_defweak.  */
96       struct
97 	{
98 	  bfd_vma value;	/* Symbol value.  */
99 	  asection *section;	/* Symbol section.  */
100 	} def;
101       /* bfd_link_hash_indirect, bfd_link_hash_warning.  */
102       struct
103 	{
104 	  struct bfd_link_hash_entry *link;	/* Real symbol.  */
105 	  const char *warning;	/* Warning (bfd_link_hash_warning only).  */
106 	} i;
107       /* bfd_link_hash_common.  */
108       struct
109 	{
110 	  /* The linker needs to know three things about common
111              symbols: the size, the alignment, and the section in
112              which the symbol should be placed.  We store the size
113              here, and we allocate a small structure to hold the
114              section and the alignment.  The alignment is stored as a
115              power of two.  We don't store all the information
116              directly because we don't want to increase the size of
117              the union; this structure is a major space user in the
118              linker.  */
119 	  bfd_size_type size;	/* Common symbol size.  */
120 	  struct bfd_link_hash_common_entry
121 	    {
122 	      unsigned int alignment_power;	/* Alignment.  */
123 	      asection *section;		/* Symbol section.  */
124 	    } *p;
125 	} c;
126     } u;
127 };
128 
129 /* This is the link hash table.  It is a derived class of
130    bfd_hash_table.  */
131 
132 struct bfd_link_hash_table
133 {
134   /* The hash table itself.  */
135   struct bfd_hash_table table;
136   /* The back end which created this hash table.  This indicates the
137      type of the entries in the hash table, which is sometimes
138      important information when linking object files of different
139      types together.  */
140   const bfd_target *creator;
141   /* A linked list of undefined and common symbols, linked through the
142      next field in the bfd_link_hash_entry structure.  */
143   struct bfd_link_hash_entry *undefs;
144   /* Entries are added to the tail of the undefs list.  */
145   struct bfd_link_hash_entry *undefs_tail;
146 };
147 
148 /* Look up an entry in a link hash table.  If FOLLOW is true, this
149    follows bfd_link_hash_indirect and bfd_link_hash_warning links to
150    the real symbol.  */
151 extern struct bfd_link_hash_entry *bfd_link_hash_lookup
152   PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_hash_table *, const char *, boolean create,
153 	   boolean copy, boolean follow));
154 
155 /* Look up an entry in the main linker hash table if the symbol might
156    be wrapped.  This should only be used for references to an
157    undefined symbol, not for definitions of a symbol.  */
158 
159 extern struct bfd_link_hash_entry *bfd_wrapped_link_hash_lookup
160   PARAMS ((bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *, const char *, boolean, boolean,
161 	   boolean));
162 
163 /* Traverse a link hash table.  */
164 extern void bfd_link_hash_traverse
165   PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_hash_table *,
166 	   boolean (*) (struct bfd_link_hash_entry *, PTR),
167 	   PTR));
168 
169 /* Add an entry to the undefs list.  */
170 extern void bfd_link_add_undef
171   PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_hash_table *, struct bfd_link_hash_entry *));
172 
173 /* This structure holds all the information needed to communicate
174    between BFD and the linker when doing a link.  */
175 
176 struct bfd_link_info
177 {
178   /* Function callbacks.  */
179   const struct bfd_link_callbacks *callbacks;
180   /* true if BFD should generate a relocateable object file.  */
181   boolean relocateable;
182   /* true if BFD should generate a "task linked" object file,
183      similar to relocatable but also with globals converted to statics. */
184   boolean task_link;
185   /* true if BFD should generate a shared object.  */
186   boolean shared;
187   /* true if BFD should pre-bind symbols in a shared object.  */
188   boolean symbolic;
189   /* true if shared objects should be linked directly, not shared.  */
190   boolean static_link;
191   /* true if the output file should be in a traditional format.  This
192      is equivalent to the setting of the BFD_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT flag
193      on the output file, but may be checked when reading the input
194      files.  */
195   boolean traditional_format;
196   /* true if we want to produced optimized output files.  This might
197      need much more time and therefore must be explicitly selected.  */
198   boolean optimize;
199   /* true if BFD should generate errors for undefined symbols
200      even if generating a shared object.  */
201   boolean no_undefined;
202   /* Which symbols to strip.  */
203   enum bfd_link_strip strip;
204   /* Which local symbols to discard.  */
205   enum bfd_link_discard discard;
206   /* true if symbols should be retained in memory, false if they
207      should be freed and reread.  */
208   boolean keep_memory;
209   /* The list of input BFD's involved in the link.  These are chained
210      together via the link_next field.  */
211   bfd *input_bfds;
212   /* If a symbol should be created for each input BFD, this is section
213      where those symbols should be placed.  It must be a section in
214      the output BFD.  It may be NULL, in which case no such symbols
215      will be created.  This is to support CREATE_OBJECT_SYMBOLS in the
216      linker command language.  */
217   asection *create_object_symbols_section;
218   /* Hash table handled by BFD.  */
219   struct bfd_link_hash_table *hash;
220   /* Hash table of symbols to keep.  This is NULL unless strip is
221      strip_some.  */
222   struct bfd_hash_table *keep_hash;
223   /* true if every symbol should be reported back via the notice
224      callback.  */
225   boolean notice_all;
226   /* Hash table of symbols to report back via the notice callback.  If
227      this is NULL, and notice_all is false, then no symbols are
228      reported back.  */
229   struct bfd_hash_table *notice_hash;
230   /* Hash table of symbols which are being wrapped (the --wrap linker
231      option).  If this is NULL, no symbols are being wrapped.  */
232   struct bfd_hash_table *wrap_hash;
233   /* If a base output file is wanted, then this points to it */
234   PTR base_file;
235 
236   /* If non-zero, specifies that branches which are problematic for the
237   MPC860 C0 (or earlier) should be checked for and modified.  It gives the
238   number of bytes that should be checked at the end of each text page. */
239   int mpc860c0;
240 
241   /* The function to call when the executable or shared object is
242      loaded.  */
243   const char *init_function;
244   /* The function to call when the executable or shared object is
245      unloaded.  */
246   const char *fini_function;
247 };
248 
249 /* This structures holds a set of callback functions.  These are
250    called by the BFD linker routines.  The first argument to each
251    callback function is the bfd_link_info structure being used.  Each
252    function returns a boolean value.  If the function returns false,
253    then the BFD function which called it will return with a failure
254    indication.  */
255 
256 struct bfd_link_callbacks
257 {
258   /* A function which is called when an object is added from an
259      archive.  ABFD is the archive element being added.  NAME is the
260      name of the symbol which caused the archive element to be pulled
261      in.  */
262   boolean (*add_archive_element) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
263 					  bfd *abfd,
264 					  const char *name));
265   /* A function which is called when a symbol is found with multiple
266      definitions.  NAME is the symbol which is defined multiple times.
267      OBFD is the old BFD, OSEC is the old section, OVAL is the old
268      value, NBFD is the new BFD, NSEC is the new section, and NVAL is
269      the new value.  OBFD may be NULL.  OSEC and NSEC may be
270      bfd_com_section or bfd_ind_section.  */
271   boolean (*multiple_definition) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
272 					  const char *name,
273 					  bfd *obfd,
274 					  asection *osec,
275 					  bfd_vma oval,
276 					  bfd *nbfd,
277 					  asection *nsec,
278 					  bfd_vma nval));
279   /* A function which is called when a common symbol is defined
280      multiple times.  NAME is the symbol appearing multiple times.
281      OBFD is the BFD of the existing symbol; it may be NULL if this is
282      not known.  OTYPE is the type of the existing symbol, which may
283      be bfd_link_hash_defined, bfd_link_hash_defweak,
284      bfd_link_hash_common, or bfd_link_hash_indirect.  If OTYPE is
285      bfd_link_hash_common, OSIZE is the size of the existing symbol.
286      NBFD is the BFD of the new symbol.  NTYPE is the type of the new
287      symbol, one of bfd_link_hash_defined, bfd_link_hash_common, or
288      bfd_link_hash_indirect.  If NTYPE is bfd_link_hash_common, NSIZE
289      is the size of the new symbol.  */
290   boolean (*multiple_common) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
291 				      const char *name,
292 				      bfd *obfd,
293 				      enum bfd_link_hash_type otype,
294 				      bfd_vma osize,
295 				      bfd *nbfd,
296 				      enum bfd_link_hash_type ntype,
297 				      bfd_vma nsize));
298   /* A function which is called to add a symbol to a set.  ENTRY is
299      the link hash table entry for the set itself (e.g.,
300      __CTOR_LIST__).  RELOC is the relocation to use for an entry in
301      the set when generating a relocateable file, and is also used to
302      get the size of the entry when generating an executable file.
303      ABFD, SEC and VALUE identify the value to add to the set.  */
304   boolean (*add_to_set) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
305 				 struct bfd_link_hash_entry *entry,
306 				 bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc,
307 				 bfd *abfd, asection *sec, bfd_vma value));
308   /* A function which is called when the name of a g++ constructor or
309      destructor is found.  This is only called by some object file
310      formats.  CONSTRUCTOR is true for a constructor, false for a
311      destructor.  This will use BFD_RELOC_CTOR when generating a
312      relocateable file.  NAME is the name of the symbol found.  ABFD,
313      SECTION and VALUE are the value of the symbol.  */
314   boolean (*constructor) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
315 				  boolean constructor,
316 				  const char *name, bfd *abfd, asection *sec,
317 				  bfd_vma value));
318   /* A function which is called to issue a linker warning.  For
319      example, this is called when there is a reference to a warning
320      symbol.  WARNING is the warning to be issued.  SYMBOL is the name
321      of the symbol which triggered the warning; it may be NULL if
322      there is none.  ABFD, SECTION and ADDRESS identify the location
323      which trigerred the warning; either ABFD or SECTION or both may
324      be NULL if the location is not known.  */
325   boolean (*warning) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
326 			      const char *warning, const char *symbol,
327 			      bfd *abfd, asection *section,
328 			      bfd_vma address));
329   /* A function which is called when a relocation is attempted against
330      an undefined symbol.  NAME is the symbol which is undefined.
331      ABFD, SECTION and ADDRESS identify the location from which the
332      reference is made. FATAL indicates whether an undefined symbol is
333      a fatal error or not. In some cases SECTION may be NULL.  */
334   boolean (*undefined_symbol) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
335 				       const char *name, bfd *abfd,
336 				       asection *section,
337 				       bfd_vma address,
338 				       boolean fatal));
339   /* A function which is called when a reloc overflow occurs.  NAME is
340      the name of the symbol or section the reloc is against,
341      RELOC_NAME is the name of the relocation, and ADDEND is any
342      addend that is used.  ABFD, SECTION and ADDRESS identify the
343      location at which the overflow occurs; if this is the result of a
344      bfd_section_reloc_link_order or bfd_symbol_reloc_link_order, then
345      ABFD will be NULL.  */
346   boolean (*reloc_overflow) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
347 				     const char *name,
348 				     const char *reloc_name, bfd_vma addend,
349 				     bfd *abfd, asection *section,
350 				     bfd_vma address));
351   /* A function which is called when a dangerous reloc is performed.
352      The canonical example is an a29k IHCONST reloc which does not
353      follow an IHIHALF reloc.  MESSAGE is an appropriate message.
354      ABFD, SECTION and ADDRESS identify the location at which the
355      problem occurred; if this is the result of a
356      bfd_section_reloc_link_order or bfd_symbol_reloc_link_order, then
357      ABFD will be NULL.  */
358   boolean (*reloc_dangerous) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
359 				      const char *message,
360 				      bfd *abfd, asection *section,
361 				      bfd_vma address));
362   /* A function which is called when a reloc is found to be attached
363      to a symbol which is not being written out.  NAME is the name of
364      the symbol.  ABFD, SECTION and ADDRESS identify the location of
365      the reloc; if this is the result of a
366      bfd_section_reloc_link_order or bfd_symbol_reloc_link_order, then
367      ABFD will be NULL.  */
368   boolean (*unattached_reloc) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
369 				       const char *name,
370 				       bfd *abfd, asection *section,
371 				       bfd_vma address));
372   /* A function which is called when a symbol in notice_hash is
373      defined or referenced.  NAME is the symbol.  ABFD, SECTION and
374      ADDRESS are the value of the symbol.  If SECTION is
375      bfd_und_section, this is a reference.  */
376   boolean (*notice) PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *, const char *name,
377 			     bfd *abfd, asection *section, bfd_vma address));
378 };
379 
380 /* The linker builds link_order structures which tell the code how to
381    include input data in the output file.  */
382 
383 /* These are the types of link_order structures.  */
384 
385 enum bfd_link_order_type
386 {
387   bfd_undefined_link_order,	/* Undefined.  */
388   bfd_indirect_link_order,	/* Built from a section.  */
389   bfd_fill_link_order,		/* Fill with a 16 bit constant.  */
390   bfd_data_link_order,		/* Set to explicit data.  */
391   bfd_section_reloc_link_order,	/* Relocate against a section.  */
392   bfd_symbol_reloc_link_order	/* Relocate against a symbol.  */
393 };
394 
395 /* This is the link_order structure itself.  These form a chain
396    attached to the section whose contents they are describing.  */
397 
398 struct bfd_link_order
399 {
400   /* Next link_order in chain.  */
401   struct bfd_link_order *next;
402   /* Type of link_order.  */
403   enum bfd_link_order_type type;
404   /* Offset within output section.  */
405   bfd_vma offset;
406   /* Size within output section.  */
407   bfd_size_type size;
408   /* Type specific information.  */
409   union
410     {
411       struct
412 	{
413 	  /* Section to include.  If this is used, then
414 	     section->output_section must be the section the
415 	     link_order is attached to, section->output_offset must
416 	     equal the link_order offset field, and section->_raw_size
417 	     must equal the link_order size field.  Maybe these
418 	     restrictions should be relaxed someday.  */
419 	  asection *section;
420 	} indirect;
421       struct
422 	{
423 	  /* Value to fill with.  */
424 	  unsigned int value;
425 	} fill;
426       struct
427 	{
428 	  /* Data to put into file.  The size field gives the number
429 	     of bytes which this field points to.  */
430 	  bfd_byte *contents;
431 	} data;
432       struct
433 	{
434 	  /* Description of reloc to generate.  Used for
435 	     bfd_section_reloc_link_order and
436 	     bfd_symbol_reloc_link_order.  */
437 	  struct bfd_link_order_reloc *p;
438 	} reloc;
439     } u;
440 };
441 
442 /* A linker order of type bfd_section_reloc_link_order or
443    bfd_symbol_reloc_link_order means to create a reloc against a
444    section or symbol, respectively.  This is used to implement -Ur to
445    generate relocs for the constructor tables.  The
446    bfd_link_order_reloc structure describes the reloc that BFD should
447    create.  It is similar to a arelent, but I didn't use arelent
448    because the linker does not know anything about most symbols, and
449    any asymbol structure it creates will be partially meaningless.
450    This information could logically be in the bfd_link_order struct,
451    but I didn't want to waste the space since these types of relocs
452    are relatively rare.  */
453 
454 struct bfd_link_order_reloc
455 {
456   /* Reloc type.  */
457   bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc;
458 
459   union
460     {
461       /* For type bfd_section_reloc_link_order, this is the section
462 	 the reloc should be against.  This must be a section in the
463 	 output BFD, not any of the input BFDs.  */
464       asection *section;
465       /* For type bfd_symbol_reloc_link_order, this is the name of the
466 	 symbol the reloc should be against.  */
467       const char *name;
468     } u;
469 
470   /* Addend to use.  The object file should contain zero.  The BFD
471      backend is responsible for filling in the contents of the object
472      file correctly.  For some object file formats (e.g., COFF) the
473      addend must be stored into in the object file, and for some
474      (e.g., SPARC a.out) it is kept in the reloc.  */
475   bfd_vma addend;
476 };
477 
478 /* Allocate a new link_order for a section.  */
479 extern struct bfd_link_order *bfd_new_link_order PARAMS ((bfd *, asection *));
480 
481 /* These structures are used to describe version information for the
482    ELF linker.  These structures could be manipulated entirely inside
483    BFD, but it would be a pain.  Instead, the regular linker sets up
484    these structures, and then passes them into BFD.  */
485 
486 /* Regular expressions for a version.  */
487 
488 struct bfd_elf_version_expr
489 {
490   /* Next regular expression for this version.  */
491   struct bfd_elf_version_expr *next;
492   /* Regular expression.  */
493   const char *pattern;
494   /* Matching function.  */
495   int (*match) PARAMS((struct bfd_elf_version_expr *, const char *));
496 };
497 
498 /* Version dependencies.  */
499 
500 struct bfd_elf_version_deps
501 {
502   /* Next dependency for this version.  */
503   struct bfd_elf_version_deps *next;
504   /* The version which this version depends upon.  */
505   struct bfd_elf_version_tree *version_needed;
506 };
507 
508 /* A node in the version tree.  */
509 
510 struct bfd_elf_version_tree
511 {
512   /* Next version.  */
513   struct bfd_elf_version_tree *next;
514   /* Name of this version.  */
515   const char *name;
516   /* Version number.  */
517   unsigned int vernum;
518   /* Regular expressions for global symbols in this version.  */
519   struct bfd_elf_version_expr *globals;
520   /* Regular expressions for local symbols in this version.  */
521   struct bfd_elf_version_expr *locals;
522   /* List of versions which this version depends upon.  */
523   struct bfd_elf_version_deps *deps;
524   /* Index of the version name.  This is used within BFD.  */
525   unsigned int name_indx;
526   /* Whether this version tree was used.  This is used within BFD.  */
527   int used;
528 };
529 
530 #endif
531