xref: /openbsd-src/gnu/llvm/llvm/lib/ExecutionEngine/Orc/ExecutionUtils.cpp (revision 73471bf04ceb096474c7f0fa83b1b65c70a787a1)
109467b48Spatrick //===---- ExecutionUtils.cpp - Utilities for executing functions in Orc ---===//
209467b48Spatrick //
309467b48Spatrick // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
409467b48Spatrick // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
509467b48Spatrick // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
609467b48Spatrick //
709467b48Spatrick //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
809467b48Spatrick 
909467b48Spatrick #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/ExecutionUtils.h"
1009467b48Spatrick #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/Layer.h"
1109467b48Spatrick #include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
1209467b48Spatrick #include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
1309467b48Spatrick #include "llvm/IR/GlobalVariable.h"
1409467b48Spatrick #include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
15097a140dSpatrick #include "llvm/Object/MachOUniversal.h"
16097a140dSpatrick #include "llvm/Support/FormatVariadic.h"
1709467b48Spatrick #include "llvm/Support/TargetRegistry.h"
1809467b48Spatrick #include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
19*73471bf0Spatrick #include <string>
2009467b48Spatrick 
2109467b48Spatrick namespace llvm {
2209467b48Spatrick namespace orc {
2309467b48Spatrick 
2409467b48Spatrick CtorDtorIterator::CtorDtorIterator(const GlobalVariable *GV, bool End)
2509467b48Spatrick   : InitList(
2609467b48Spatrick       GV ? dyn_cast_or_null<ConstantArray>(GV->getInitializer()) : nullptr),
2709467b48Spatrick     I((InitList && End) ? InitList->getNumOperands() : 0) {
2809467b48Spatrick }
2909467b48Spatrick 
3009467b48Spatrick bool CtorDtorIterator::operator==(const CtorDtorIterator &Other) const {
3109467b48Spatrick   assert(InitList == Other.InitList && "Incomparable iterators.");
3209467b48Spatrick   return I == Other.I;
3309467b48Spatrick }
3409467b48Spatrick 
3509467b48Spatrick bool CtorDtorIterator::operator!=(const CtorDtorIterator &Other) const {
3609467b48Spatrick   return !(*this == Other);
3709467b48Spatrick }
3809467b48Spatrick 
3909467b48Spatrick CtorDtorIterator& CtorDtorIterator::operator++() {
4009467b48Spatrick   ++I;
4109467b48Spatrick   return *this;
4209467b48Spatrick }
4309467b48Spatrick 
4409467b48Spatrick CtorDtorIterator CtorDtorIterator::operator++(int) {
4509467b48Spatrick   CtorDtorIterator Temp = *this;
4609467b48Spatrick   ++I;
4709467b48Spatrick   return Temp;
4809467b48Spatrick }
4909467b48Spatrick 
5009467b48Spatrick CtorDtorIterator::Element CtorDtorIterator::operator*() const {
5109467b48Spatrick   ConstantStruct *CS = dyn_cast<ConstantStruct>(InitList->getOperand(I));
5209467b48Spatrick   assert(CS && "Unrecognized type in llvm.global_ctors/llvm.global_dtors");
5309467b48Spatrick 
5409467b48Spatrick   Constant *FuncC = CS->getOperand(1);
5509467b48Spatrick   Function *Func = nullptr;
5609467b48Spatrick 
5709467b48Spatrick   // Extract function pointer, pulling off any casts.
5809467b48Spatrick   while (FuncC) {
5909467b48Spatrick     if (Function *F = dyn_cast_or_null<Function>(FuncC)) {
6009467b48Spatrick       Func = F;
6109467b48Spatrick       break;
6209467b48Spatrick     } else if (ConstantExpr *CE = dyn_cast_or_null<ConstantExpr>(FuncC)) {
6309467b48Spatrick       if (CE->isCast())
6409467b48Spatrick         FuncC = dyn_cast_or_null<ConstantExpr>(CE->getOperand(0));
6509467b48Spatrick       else
6609467b48Spatrick         break;
6709467b48Spatrick     } else {
6809467b48Spatrick       // This isn't anything we recognize. Bail out with Func left set to null.
6909467b48Spatrick       break;
7009467b48Spatrick     }
7109467b48Spatrick   }
7209467b48Spatrick 
7309467b48Spatrick   auto *Priority = cast<ConstantInt>(CS->getOperand(0));
7409467b48Spatrick   Value *Data = CS->getNumOperands() == 3 ? CS->getOperand(2) : nullptr;
7509467b48Spatrick   if (Data && !isa<GlobalValue>(Data))
7609467b48Spatrick     Data = nullptr;
7709467b48Spatrick   return Element(Priority->getZExtValue(), Func, Data);
7809467b48Spatrick }
7909467b48Spatrick 
8009467b48Spatrick iterator_range<CtorDtorIterator> getConstructors(const Module &M) {
8109467b48Spatrick   const GlobalVariable *CtorsList = M.getNamedGlobal("llvm.global_ctors");
8209467b48Spatrick   return make_range(CtorDtorIterator(CtorsList, false),
8309467b48Spatrick                     CtorDtorIterator(CtorsList, true));
8409467b48Spatrick }
8509467b48Spatrick 
8609467b48Spatrick iterator_range<CtorDtorIterator> getDestructors(const Module &M) {
8709467b48Spatrick   const GlobalVariable *DtorsList = M.getNamedGlobal("llvm.global_dtors");
8809467b48Spatrick   return make_range(CtorDtorIterator(DtorsList, false),
8909467b48Spatrick                     CtorDtorIterator(DtorsList, true));
9009467b48Spatrick }
9109467b48Spatrick 
92097a140dSpatrick bool StaticInitGVIterator::isStaticInitGlobal(GlobalValue &GV) {
93097a140dSpatrick   if (GV.isDeclaration())
94097a140dSpatrick     return false;
95097a140dSpatrick 
96097a140dSpatrick   if (GV.hasName() && (GV.getName() == "llvm.global_ctors" ||
97097a140dSpatrick                        GV.getName() == "llvm.global_dtors"))
98097a140dSpatrick     return true;
99097a140dSpatrick 
100097a140dSpatrick   if (ObjFmt == Triple::MachO) {
101097a140dSpatrick     // FIXME: These section checks are too strict: We should match first and
102097a140dSpatrick     // second word split by comma.
103097a140dSpatrick     if (GV.hasSection() &&
104097a140dSpatrick         (GV.getSection().startswith("__DATA,__objc_classlist") ||
105097a140dSpatrick          GV.getSection().startswith("__DATA,__objc_selrefs")))
106097a140dSpatrick       return true;
107097a140dSpatrick   }
108097a140dSpatrick 
109097a140dSpatrick   return false;
110097a140dSpatrick }
111097a140dSpatrick 
11209467b48Spatrick void CtorDtorRunner::add(iterator_range<CtorDtorIterator> CtorDtors) {
11309467b48Spatrick   if (CtorDtors.empty())
11409467b48Spatrick     return;
11509467b48Spatrick 
11609467b48Spatrick   MangleAndInterner Mangle(
11709467b48Spatrick       JD.getExecutionSession(),
11809467b48Spatrick       (*CtorDtors.begin()).Func->getParent()->getDataLayout());
11909467b48Spatrick 
12009467b48Spatrick   for (auto CtorDtor : CtorDtors) {
12109467b48Spatrick     assert(CtorDtor.Func && CtorDtor.Func->hasName() &&
12209467b48Spatrick            "Ctor/Dtor function must be named to be runnable under the JIT");
12309467b48Spatrick 
12409467b48Spatrick     // FIXME: Maybe use a symbol promoter here instead.
12509467b48Spatrick     if (CtorDtor.Func->hasLocalLinkage()) {
12609467b48Spatrick       CtorDtor.Func->setLinkage(GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage);
12709467b48Spatrick       CtorDtor.Func->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
12809467b48Spatrick     }
12909467b48Spatrick 
13009467b48Spatrick     if (CtorDtor.Data && cast<GlobalValue>(CtorDtor.Data)->isDeclaration()) {
13109467b48Spatrick       dbgs() << "  Skipping because why now?\n";
13209467b48Spatrick       continue;
13309467b48Spatrick     }
13409467b48Spatrick 
13509467b48Spatrick     CtorDtorsByPriority[CtorDtor.Priority].push_back(
13609467b48Spatrick         Mangle(CtorDtor.Func->getName()));
13709467b48Spatrick   }
13809467b48Spatrick }
13909467b48Spatrick 
14009467b48Spatrick Error CtorDtorRunner::run() {
14109467b48Spatrick   using CtorDtorTy = void (*)();
14209467b48Spatrick 
14309467b48Spatrick   SymbolLookupSet LookupSet;
14409467b48Spatrick   for (auto &KV : CtorDtorsByPriority)
14509467b48Spatrick     for (auto &Name : KV.second)
14609467b48Spatrick       LookupSet.add(Name);
14709467b48Spatrick   assert(!LookupSet.containsDuplicates() &&
14809467b48Spatrick          "Ctor/Dtor list contains duplicates");
14909467b48Spatrick 
15009467b48Spatrick   auto &ES = JD.getExecutionSession();
15109467b48Spatrick   if (auto CtorDtorMap = ES.lookup(
15209467b48Spatrick           makeJITDylibSearchOrder(&JD, JITDylibLookupFlags::MatchAllSymbols),
15309467b48Spatrick           std::move(LookupSet))) {
15409467b48Spatrick     for (auto &KV : CtorDtorsByPriority) {
15509467b48Spatrick       for (auto &Name : KV.second) {
15609467b48Spatrick         assert(CtorDtorMap->count(Name) && "No entry for Name");
15709467b48Spatrick         auto CtorDtor = reinterpret_cast<CtorDtorTy>(
15809467b48Spatrick             static_cast<uintptr_t>((*CtorDtorMap)[Name].getAddress()));
15909467b48Spatrick         CtorDtor();
16009467b48Spatrick       }
16109467b48Spatrick     }
16209467b48Spatrick     CtorDtorsByPriority.clear();
16309467b48Spatrick     return Error::success();
16409467b48Spatrick   } else
16509467b48Spatrick     return CtorDtorMap.takeError();
16609467b48Spatrick }
16709467b48Spatrick 
16809467b48Spatrick void LocalCXXRuntimeOverridesBase::runDestructors() {
16909467b48Spatrick   auto& CXXDestructorDataPairs = DSOHandleOverride;
17009467b48Spatrick   for (auto &P : CXXDestructorDataPairs)
17109467b48Spatrick     P.first(P.second);
17209467b48Spatrick   CXXDestructorDataPairs.clear();
17309467b48Spatrick }
17409467b48Spatrick 
17509467b48Spatrick int LocalCXXRuntimeOverridesBase::CXAAtExitOverride(DestructorPtr Destructor,
17609467b48Spatrick                                                     void *Arg,
17709467b48Spatrick                                                     void *DSOHandle) {
17809467b48Spatrick   auto& CXXDestructorDataPairs =
17909467b48Spatrick     *reinterpret_cast<CXXDestructorDataPairList*>(DSOHandle);
18009467b48Spatrick   CXXDestructorDataPairs.push_back(std::make_pair(Destructor, Arg));
18109467b48Spatrick   return 0;
18209467b48Spatrick }
18309467b48Spatrick 
18409467b48Spatrick Error LocalCXXRuntimeOverrides::enable(JITDylib &JD,
18509467b48Spatrick                                         MangleAndInterner &Mangle) {
18609467b48Spatrick   SymbolMap RuntimeInterposes;
18709467b48Spatrick   RuntimeInterposes[Mangle("__dso_handle")] =
18809467b48Spatrick     JITEvaluatedSymbol(toTargetAddress(&DSOHandleOverride),
18909467b48Spatrick                        JITSymbolFlags::Exported);
19009467b48Spatrick   RuntimeInterposes[Mangle("__cxa_atexit")] =
19109467b48Spatrick     JITEvaluatedSymbol(toTargetAddress(&CXAAtExitOverride),
19209467b48Spatrick                        JITSymbolFlags::Exported);
19309467b48Spatrick 
19409467b48Spatrick   return JD.define(absoluteSymbols(std::move(RuntimeInterposes)));
19509467b48Spatrick }
19609467b48Spatrick 
197097a140dSpatrick void ItaniumCXAAtExitSupport::registerAtExit(void (*F)(void *), void *Ctx,
198097a140dSpatrick                                              void *DSOHandle) {
199097a140dSpatrick   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(AtExitsMutex);
200097a140dSpatrick   AtExitRecords[DSOHandle].push_back({F, Ctx});
201097a140dSpatrick }
202097a140dSpatrick 
203097a140dSpatrick void ItaniumCXAAtExitSupport::runAtExits(void *DSOHandle) {
204097a140dSpatrick   std::vector<AtExitRecord> AtExitsToRun;
205097a140dSpatrick 
206097a140dSpatrick   {
207097a140dSpatrick     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(AtExitsMutex);
208097a140dSpatrick     auto I = AtExitRecords.find(DSOHandle);
209097a140dSpatrick     if (I != AtExitRecords.end()) {
210097a140dSpatrick       AtExitsToRun = std::move(I->second);
211097a140dSpatrick       AtExitRecords.erase(I);
212097a140dSpatrick     }
213097a140dSpatrick   }
214097a140dSpatrick 
215097a140dSpatrick   while (!AtExitsToRun.empty()) {
216097a140dSpatrick     AtExitsToRun.back().F(AtExitsToRun.back().Ctx);
217097a140dSpatrick     AtExitsToRun.pop_back();
218097a140dSpatrick   }
219097a140dSpatrick }
220097a140dSpatrick 
22109467b48Spatrick DynamicLibrarySearchGenerator::DynamicLibrarySearchGenerator(
22209467b48Spatrick     sys::DynamicLibrary Dylib, char GlobalPrefix, SymbolPredicate Allow)
22309467b48Spatrick     : Dylib(std::move(Dylib)), Allow(std::move(Allow)),
22409467b48Spatrick       GlobalPrefix(GlobalPrefix) {}
22509467b48Spatrick 
22609467b48Spatrick Expected<std::unique_ptr<DynamicLibrarySearchGenerator>>
22709467b48Spatrick DynamicLibrarySearchGenerator::Load(const char *FileName, char GlobalPrefix,
22809467b48Spatrick                                     SymbolPredicate Allow) {
22909467b48Spatrick   std::string ErrMsg;
23009467b48Spatrick   auto Lib = sys::DynamicLibrary::getPermanentLibrary(FileName, &ErrMsg);
23109467b48Spatrick   if (!Lib.isValid())
23209467b48Spatrick     return make_error<StringError>(std::move(ErrMsg), inconvertibleErrorCode());
23309467b48Spatrick   return std::make_unique<DynamicLibrarySearchGenerator>(
23409467b48Spatrick       std::move(Lib), GlobalPrefix, std::move(Allow));
23509467b48Spatrick }
23609467b48Spatrick 
23709467b48Spatrick Error DynamicLibrarySearchGenerator::tryToGenerate(
238*73471bf0Spatrick     LookupState &LS, LookupKind K, JITDylib &JD,
239*73471bf0Spatrick     JITDylibLookupFlags JDLookupFlags, const SymbolLookupSet &Symbols) {
24009467b48Spatrick   orc::SymbolMap NewSymbols;
24109467b48Spatrick 
24209467b48Spatrick   bool HasGlobalPrefix = (GlobalPrefix != '\0');
24309467b48Spatrick 
24409467b48Spatrick   for (auto &KV : Symbols) {
24509467b48Spatrick     auto &Name = KV.first;
24609467b48Spatrick 
24709467b48Spatrick     if ((*Name).empty())
24809467b48Spatrick       continue;
24909467b48Spatrick 
25009467b48Spatrick     if (Allow && !Allow(Name))
25109467b48Spatrick       continue;
25209467b48Spatrick 
25309467b48Spatrick     if (HasGlobalPrefix && (*Name).front() != GlobalPrefix)
25409467b48Spatrick       continue;
25509467b48Spatrick 
25609467b48Spatrick     std::string Tmp((*Name).data() + HasGlobalPrefix,
25709467b48Spatrick                     (*Name).size() - HasGlobalPrefix);
25809467b48Spatrick     if (void *Addr = Dylib.getAddressOfSymbol(Tmp.c_str())) {
25909467b48Spatrick       NewSymbols[Name] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
26009467b48Spatrick           static_cast<JITTargetAddress>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(Addr)),
26109467b48Spatrick           JITSymbolFlags::Exported);
26209467b48Spatrick     }
26309467b48Spatrick   }
26409467b48Spatrick 
26509467b48Spatrick   if (NewSymbols.empty())
26609467b48Spatrick     return Error::success();
26709467b48Spatrick 
26809467b48Spatrick   return JD.define(absoluteSymbols(std::move(NewSymbols)));
26909467b48Spatrick }
27009467b48Spatrick 
27109467b48Spatrick Expected<std::unique_ptr<StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator>>
27209467b48Spatrick StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator::Load(ObjectLayer &L, const char *FileName) {
27309467b48Spatrick   auto ArchiveBuffer = errorOrToExpected(MemoryBuffer::getFile(FileName));
27409467b48Spatrick 
27509467b48Spatrick   if (!ArchiveBuffer)
27609467b48Spatrick     return ArchiveBuffer.takeError();
27709467b48Spatrick 
27809467b48Spatrick   return Create(L, std::move(*ArchiveBuffer));
27909467b48Spatrick }
28009467b48Spatrick 
28109467b48Spatrick Expected<std::unique_ptr<StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator>>
282097a140dSpatrick StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator::Load(ObjectLayer &L, const char *FileName,
283097a140dSpatrick                                        const Triple &TT) {
284097a140dSpatrick   auto B = object::createBinary(FileName);
285097a140dSpatrick   if (!B)
286097a140dSpatrick     return B.takeError();
287097a140dSpatrick 
288097a140dSpatrick   // If this is a regular archive then create an instance from it.
289097a140dSpatrick   if (isa<object::Archive>(B->getBinary()))
290097a140dSpatrick     return Create(L, std::move(B->takeBinary().second));
291097a140dSpatrick 
292097a140dSpatrick   // If this is a universal binary then search for a slice matching the given
293097a140dSpatrick   // Triple.
294097a140dSpatrick   if (auto *UB = cast<object::MachOUniversalBinary>(B->getBinary())) {
295097a140dSpatrick     for (const auto &Obj : UB->objects()) {
296097a140dSpatrick       auto ObjTT = Obj.getTriple();
297097a140dSpatrick       if (ObjTT.getArch() == TT.getArch() &&
298097a140dSpatrick           ObjTT.getSubArch() == TT.getSubArch() &&
299*73471bf0Spatrick           (TT.getVendor() == Triple::UnknownVendor ||
300*73471bf0Spatrick            ObjTT.getVendor() == TT.getVendor())) {
301097a140dSpatrick         // We found a match. Create an instance from a buffer covering this
302097a140dSpatrick         // slice.
303097a140dSpatrick         auto SliceBuffer = MemoryBuffer::getFileSlice(FileName, Obj.getSize(),
304097a140dSpatrick                                                       Obj.getOffset());
305097a140dSpatrick         if (!SliceBuffer)
306097a140dSpatrick           return make_error<StringError>(
307097a140dSpatrick               Twine("Could not create buffer for ") + TT.str() + " slice of " +
308097a140dSpatrick                   FileName + ": [ " + formatv("{0:x}", Obj.getOffset()) +
309097a140dSpatrick                   " .. " + formatv("{0:x}", Obj.getOffset() + Obj.getSize()) +
310097a140dSpatrick                   ": " + SliceBuffer.getError().message(),
311097a140dSpatrick               SliceBuffer.getError());
312097a140dSpatrick         return Create(L, std::move(*SliceBuffer));
313097a140dSpatrick       }
314097a140dSpatrick     }
315097a140dSpatrick 
316097a140dSpatrick     return make_error<StringError>(Twine("Universal binary ") + FileName +
317097a140dSpatrick                                        " does not contain a slice for " +
318097a140dSpatrick                                        TT.str(),
319097a140dSpatrick                                    inconvertibleErrorCode());
320097a140dSpatrick   }
321097a140dSpatrick 
322097a140dSpatrick   return make_error<StringError>(Twine("Unrecognized file type for ") +
323097a140dSpatrick                                      FileName,
324097a140dSpatrick                                  inconvertibleErrorCode());
325097a140dSpatrick }
326097a140dSpatrick 
327097a140dSpatrick Expected<std::unique_ptr<StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator>>
32809467b48Spatrick StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator::Create(
32909467b48Spatrick     ObjectLayer &L, std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> ArchiveBuffer) {
33009467b48Spatrick   Error Err = Error::success();
33109467b48Spatrick 
33209467b48Spatrick   std::unique_ptr<StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator> ADG(
33309467b48Spatrick       new StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator(L, std::move(ArchiveBuffer), Err));
33409467b48Spatrick 
33509467b48Spatrick   if (Err)
33609467b48Spatrick     return std::move(Err);
33709467b48Spatrick 
33809467b48Spatrick   return std::move(ADG);
33909467b48Spatrick }
34009467b48Spatrick 
34109467b48Spatrick Error StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator::tryToGenerate(
342*73471bf0Spatrick     LookupState &LS, LookupKind K, JITDylib &JD,
343*73471bf0Spatrick     JITDylibLookupFlags JDLookupFlags, const SymbolLookupSet &Symbols) {
34409467b48Spatrick 
34509467b48Spatrick   // Don't materialize symbols from static archives unless this is a static
34609467b48Spatrick   // lookup.
34709467b48Spatrick   if (K != LookupKind::Static)
34809467b48Spatrick     return Error::success();
34909467b48Spatrick 
35009467b48Spatrick   // Bail out early if we've already freed the archive.
35109467b48Spatrick   if (!Archive)
35209467b48Spatrick     return Error::success();
35309467b48Spatrick 
35409467b48Spatrick   DenseSet<std::pair<StringRef, StringRef>> ChildBufferInfos;
35509467b48Spatrick 
35609467b48Spatrick   for (const auto &KV : Symbols) {
35709467b48Spatrick     const auto &Name = KV.first;
35809467b48Spatrick     auto Child = Archive->findSym(*Name);
35909467b48Spatrick     if (!Child)
36009467b48Spatrick       return Child.takeError();
36109467b48Spatrick     if (*Child == None)
36209467b48Spatrick       continue;
36309467b48Spatrick     auto ChildBuffer = (*Child)->getMemoryBufferRef();
36409467b48Spatrick     if (!ChildBuffer)
36509467b48Spatrick       return ChildBuffer.takeError();
36609467b48Spatrick     ChildBufferInfos.insert(
36709467b48Spatrick         {ChildBuffer->getBuffer(), ChildBuffer->getBufferIdentifier()});
36809467b48Spatrick   }
36909467b48Spatrick 
37009467b48Spatrick   for (auto ChildBufferInfo : ChildBufferInfos) {
37109467b48Spatrick     MemoryBufferRef ChildBufferRef(ChildBufferInfo.first,
37209467b48Spatrick                                    ChildBufferInfo.second);
37309467b48Spatrick 
374*73471bf0Spatrick     if (auto Err = L.add(JD, MemoryBuffer::getMemBuffer(ChildBufferRef, false)))
37509467b48Spatrick       return Err;
37609467b48Spatrick   }
37709467b48Spatrick 
37809467b48Spatrick   return Error::success();
37909467b48Spatrick }
38009467b48Spatrick 
38109467b48Spatrick StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator::StaticLibraryDefinitionGenerator(
38209467b48Spatrick     ObjectLayer &L, std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> ArchiveBuffer, Error &Err)
38309467b48Spatrick     : L(L), ArchiveBuffer(std::move(ArchiveBuffer)),
38409467b48Spatrick       Archive(std::make_unique<object::Archive>(*this->ArchiveBuffer, Err)) {}
38509467b48Spatrick 
38609467b48Spatrick } // End namespace orc.
38709467b48Spatrick } // End namespace llvm.
388