xref: /openbsd-src/bin/ls/ls.c (revision 1a8dbaac879b9f3335ad7fb25429ce63ac1d6bac)
1 /*	$OpenBSD: ls.c,v 1.54 2020/10/07 21:03:09 millert Exp $	*/
2 /*	$NetBSD: ls.c,v 1.18 1996/07/09 09:16:29 mycroft Exp $	*/
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993, 1994
6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
9  * Michael Fischbein.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21  *    without specific prior written permission.
22  *
23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
34  */
35 
36 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/stat.h>
38 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 
40 #include <dirent.h>
41 #include <err.h>
42 #include <errno.h>
43 #include <fts.h>
44 #include <grp.h>
45 #include <pwd.h>
46 #include <stdio.h>
47 #include <stdlib.h>
48 #include <string.h>
49 #include <unistd.h>
50 #include <limits.h>
51 #include <locale.h>
52 #include <util.h>
53 
54 #include "ls.h"
55 #include "extern.h"
56 
57 static void	 display(FTSENT *, FTSENT *);
58 static int	 mastercmp(const FTSENT **, const FTSENT **);
59 static void	 traverse(int, char **, int);
60 
61 static void (*printfcn)(DISPLAY *);
62 static int (*sortfcn)(const FTSENT *, const FTSENT *);
63 
64 #define	BY_NAME 0
65 #define	BY_SIZE 1
66 #define	BY_TIME	2
67 
68 long blocksize;			/* block size units */
69 int termwidth;			/* default terminal width */
70 int sortkey = BY_NAME;
71 
72 /* flags */
73 int f_accesstime;		/* use time of last access */
74 int f_column;			/* columnated format */
75 int f_columnacross;		/* columnated format, sorted across */
76 int f_flags;			/* show flags associated with a file */
77 int f_grouponly;		/* long listing format without owner */
78 int f_humanval;			/* show human-readable file sizes */
79 int f_inode;			/* print inode */
80 int f_listdir;			/* list actual directory, not contents */
81 int f_listdot;			/* list files beginning with . */
82 int f_longform;			/* long listing format */
83 int f_nonprint;			/* show unprintables as ? */
84 int f_nosort;			/* don't sort output */
85 int f_numericonly;		/* don't expand uid to symbolic name */
86 int f_recursive;		/* ls subdirectories also */
87 int f_reversesort;		/* reverse whatever sort is used */
88 int f_sectime;			/* print the real time for all files */
89 int f_singlecol;		/* use single column output */
90 int f_size;			/* list size in short listing */
91 int f_statustime;		/* use time of last mode change */
92 int f_stream;			/* stream format */
93 int f_type;			/* add type character for non-regular files */
94 int f_typedir;			/* add type character for directories */
95 
96 int rval;
97 
98 int
99 ls_main(int argc, char *argv[])
100 {
101 	static char dot[] = ".", *dotav[] = { dot, NULL };
102 	struct winsize win;
103 	int ch, fts_options, notused;
104 	int kflag = 0;
105 	char *p;
106 
107 #ifndef SMALL
108 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
109 #endif
110 
111 	/* Terminal defaults to -Cq, non-terminal defaults to -1. */
112 	if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO)) {
113 		f_column = f_nonprint = 1;
114 	} else {
115 		f_singlecol = 1;
116 	}
117 
118 	termwidth = 0;
119 	if ((p = getenv("COLUMNS")) != NULL)
120 		termwidth = strtonum(p, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
121 	if (termwidth == 0 && ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &win) == 0 &&
122 	    win.ws_col > 0)
123 		termwidth = win.ws_col;
124 	if (termwidth == 0)
125 		termwidth = 80;
126 
127 	if (pledge("stdio rpath getpw", NULL) == -1)
128 		err(1, "pledge");
129 
130 	/* Root is -A automatically. */
131 	if (!getuid())
132 		f_listdot = 1;
133 
134 	fts_options = FTS_PHYSICAL;
135 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "1ACFHLRSTacdfghiklmnopqrstux")) != -1) {
136 		switch (ch) {
137 		/*
138 		 * The -1, -C and -l, -m, -n and -x options all override each
139 		 * other so shell aliasing works right.
140 		 */
141 		case '1':
142 			f_singlecol = 1;
143 			f_column = f_columnacross = f_longform = 0;
144 			f_numericonly = f_stream = 0;
145 			break;
146 		case 'C':
147 			f_column = 1;
148 			f_columnacross = f_longform = f_numericonly = 0;
149 			f_singlecol = f_stream = 0;
150 			break;
151 		case 'g':
152 			f_longform = 1;
153 			if (f_grouponly != -1)
154 				f_grouponly = 1;
155 			f_column = f_columnacross = f_singlecol = f_stream = 0;
156 			break;
157 		case 'l':
158 			f_longform = 1;
159 			f_grouponly = -1;	/* -l always overrides -g */
160 			f_column = f_columnacross = f_singlecol = f_stream = 0;
161 			break;
162 		case 'm':
163 			f_stream = 1;
164 			f_column = f_columnacross = f_longform = 0;
165 			f_numericonly = f_singlecol = 0;
166 			break;
167 		case 'x':
168 			f_columnacross = 1;
169 			f_column = f_longform = f_numericonly = 0;
170 			f_singlecol = f_stream = 0;
171 			break;
172 		case 'n':
173 			f_longform = 1;
174 			f_numericonly = 1;
175 			f_column = f_columnacross = f_singlecol = f_stream = 0;
176 			break;
177 		/* The -c and -u options override each other. */
178 		case 'c':
179 			f_statustime = 1;
180 			f_accesstime = 0;
181 			break;
182 		case 'u':
183 			f_accesstime = 1;
184 			f_statustime = 0;
185 			break;
186 		case 'F':
187 			f_type = 1;
188 			break;
189 		case 'H':
190 			fts_options |= FTS_COMFOLLOW;
191 			break;
192 		case 'L':
193 			fts_options &= ~FTS_PHYSICAL;
194 			fts_options |= FTS_LOGICAL;
195 			break;
196 		case 'R':
197 			f_recursive = 1;
198 			break;
199 		case 'f':
200 			f_nosort = 1;
201 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
202 		case 'a':
203 			fts_options |= FTS_SEEDOT;
204 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
205 		case 'A':
206 			f_listdot = 1;
207 			break;
208 		/* The -d option turns off the -R option. */
209 		case 'd':
210 			f_listdir = 1;
211 			f_recursive = 0;
212 			break;
213 		case 'h':
214 			f_humanval = 1;
215 			break;
216 		case 'i':
217 			f_inode = 1;
218 			break;
219 		case 'k':
220 			blocksize = 1024;
221 			kflag = 1;
222 			break;
223 		case 'o':
224 			f_flags = 1;
225 			break;
226 		case 'p':
227 			f_typedir = 1;
228 			break;
229 		case 'q':
230 			f_nonprint = 1;
231 			break;
232 		case 'r':
233 			f_reversesort = 1;
234 			break;
235 		case 'S':
236 			sortkey = BY_SIZE;
237 			break;
238 		case 's':
239 			f_size = 1;
240 			break;
241 		case 'T':
242 			f_sectime = 1;
243 			break;
244 		case 't':
245 			sortkey = BY_TIME;
246 			break;
247 		default:
248 			usage();
249 		}
250 	}
251 	argc -= optind;
252 	argv += optind;
253 
254 	/*
255 	 * If both -g and -l options, let -l take precedence.
256 	 * This preserves compatibility with the historic BSD ls -lg.
257 	 */
258 	if (f_grouponly == -1)
259 		f_grouponly = 0;
260 
261 	/*
262 	 * If not -F, -i, -l, -p, -S, -s or -t options, don't require stat
263 	 * information.
264 	 */
265 	if (!f_longform && !f_inode && !f_size && !f_type && !f_typedir &&
266 	    sortkey == BY_NAME)
267 		fts_options |= FTS_NOSTAT;
268 
269 	/*
270 	 * If not -F, -d or -l options, follow any symbolic links listed on
271 	 * the command line.
272 	 */
273 	if (!f_longform && !f_listdir && !f_type)
274 		fts_options |= FTS_COMFOLLOW;
275 
276 	/* If -l or -s, figure out block size. */
277 	if (f_longform || f_size) {
278 		if (!kflag)
279 			(void)getbsize(&notused, &blocksize);
280 		blocksize /= 512;
281 	}
282 
283 	/* Select a sort function. */
284 	if (f_reversesort) {
285 		switch (sortkey) {
286 		case BY_NAME:
287 			sortfcn = revnamecmp;
288 			break;
289 		case BY_SIZE:
290 			sortfcn = revsizecmp;
291 			break;
292 		case BY_TIME:
293 			if (f_accesstime)
294 				sortfcn = revacccmp;
295 			else if (f_statustime)
296 				sortfcn = revstatcmp;
297 			else /* Use modification time. */
298 				sortfcn = revmodcmp;
299 			break;
300 		}
301 	} else {
302 		switch (sortkey) {
303 		case BY_NAME:
304 			sortfcn = namecmp;
305 			break;
306 		case BY_SIZE:
307 			sortfcn = sizecmp;
308 			break;
309 		case BY_TIME:
310 			if (f_accesstime)
311 				sortfcn = acccmp;
312 			else if (f_statustime)
313 				sortfcn = statcmp;
314 			else /* Use modification time. */
315 				sortfcn = modcmp;
316 			break;
317 		}
318 	}
319 
320 	/* Select a print function. */
321 	if (f_singlecol)
322 		printfcn = printscol;
323 	else if (f_columnacross)
324 		printfcn = printacol;
325 	else if (f_longform)
326 		printfcn = printlong;
327 	else if (f_stream)
328 		printfcn = printstream;
329 	else
330 		printfcn = printcol;
331 
332 	if (argc)
333 		traverse(argc, argv, fts_options);
334 	else
335 		traverse(1, dotav, fts_options);
336 	return (rval);
337 }
338 
339 static int output;			/* If anything output. */
340 
341 /*
342  * Traverse() walks the logical directory structure specified by the argv list
343  * in the order specified by the mastercmp() comparison function.  During the
344  * traversal it passes linked lists of structures to display() which represent
345  * a superset (may be exact set) of the files to be displayed.
346  */
347 static void
348 traverse(int argc, char *argv[], int options)
349 {
350 	FTS *ftsp;
351 	FTSENT *p, *chp;
352 	int ch_options, saved_errno;
353 
354 	if ((ftsp =
355 	    fts_open(argv, options, f_nosort ? NULL : mastercmp)) == NULL)
356 		err(1, NULL);
357 
358 	/*
359 	 * We ignore errors from fts_children here since they will be
360 	 * replicated and signalled on the next call to fts_read() below.
361 	 */
362 	chp = fts_children(ftsp, 0);
363 	if (chp != NULL)
364 		display(NULL, chp);
365 	if (f_listdir)
366 		return;
367 
368 	/*
369 	 * If not recursing down this tree and don't need stat info, just get
370 	 * the names.
371 	 */
372 	ch_options = !f_recursive && options & FTS_NOSTAT ? FTS_NAMEONLY : 0;
373 
374 	while ((p = fts_read(ftsp)) != NULL)
375 		switch (p->fts_info) {
376 		case FTS_D:
377 			if (p->fts_name[0] == '.' &&
378 			    p->fts_level != FTS_ROOTLEVEL && !f_listdot) {
379 				(void)fts_set(ftsp, p, FTS_SKIP);
380 				break;
381 			}
382 
383 			/*
384 			 * If already output something, put out a newline as
385 			 * a separator.  If multiple arguments, precede each
386 			 * directory with its name.
387 			 */
388 			if (output)
389 				(void)printf("\n%s:\n", p->fts_path);
390 			else if (f_recursive || argc > 1) {
391 				(void)printf("%s:\n", p->fts_path);
392 				output = 1;
393 			}
394 
395 			chp = fts_children(ftsp, ch_options);
396 			saved_errno = errno;
397 			display(p, chp);
398 
399 			/*
400 			 * On fts_children() returning error do recurse to see
401 			 * the error.
402 			 */
403 			if (!f_recursive && !(chp == NULL && saved_errno != 0))
404 				(void)fts_set(ftsp, p, FTS_SKIP);
405 			break;
406 		case FTS_DC:
407 			warnx("%s: directory causes a cycle", p->fts_name);
408 			break;
409 		case FTS_DNR:
410 		case FTS_ERR:
411 			warnx("%s: %s", p->fts_name[0] == '\0' ? p->fts_path :
412 			    p->fts_name, strerror(p->fts_errno));
413 			rval = 1;
414 			break;
415 		}
416 	if (errno)
417 		err(1, "fts_read");
418 
419 	fts_close(ftsp);
420 }
421 
422 /*
423  * Display() takes a linked list of FTSENT structures and passes the list
424  * along with any other necessary information to the print function.  P
425  * points to the parent directory of the display list.
426  */
427 static void
428 display(FTSENT *p, FTSENT *list)
429 {
430 	struct stat *sp;
431 	DISPLAY d;
432 	FTSENT *cur;
433 	NAMES *np;
434 	off_t maxsize;
435 	nlink_t maxnlink;
436 	unsigned long long btotal;
437 	blkcnt_t maxblock;
438 	ino_t maxinode;
439 	int bcfile, flen, glen, ulen, maxflags, maxgroup, maxuser, maxlen;
440 	int entries, needstats;
441 	int width;
442 	const char *user, *group;
443 	char nuser[12], ngroup[12];
444 	char buf[21];	/* 64 bits == 20 digits */
445 	char *flags = NULL;
446 
447 	needstats = f_inode || f_longform || f_size;
448 	flen = 0;
449 	btotal = maxblock = maxinode = maxlen = maxnlink = 0;
450 	bcfile = 0;
451 	maxuser = maxgroup = maxflags = 0;
452 	maxsize = 0;
453 	for (cur = list, entries = 0; cur != NULL; cur = cur->fts_link) {
454 		if (cur->fts_info == FTS_ERR || cur->fts_info == FTS_NS) {
455 			warnx("%s: %s",
456 			    cur->fts_name, strerror(cur->fts_errno));
457 			cur->fts_number = NO_PRINT;
458 			rval = 1;
459 			continue;
460 		}
461 
462 		/*
463 		 * P is NULL if list is the argv list, to which different rules
464 		 * apply.
465 		 */
466 		if (p == NULL) {
467 			/* Directories will be displayed later. */
468 			if (cur->fts_info == FTS_D && !f_listdir) {
469 				cur->fts_number = NO_PRINT;
470 				continue;
471 			}
472 		} else {
473 			/* Only display dot file if -a/-A set. */
474 			if (cur->fts_name[0] == '.' && !f_listdot) {
475 				cur->fts_number = NO_PRINT;
476 				continue;
477 			}
478 		}
479 		if ((width = mbsprint(cur->fts_name, 0)) > maxlen)
480 			maxlen = width;
481 		if (needstats) {
482 			sp = cur->fts_statp;
483 			if (sp->st_blocks > maxblock)
484 				maxblock = sp->st_blocks;
485 			if (sp->st_ino > maxinode)
486 				maxinode = sp->st_ino;
487 			if (sp->st_nlink > maxnlink)
488 				maxnlink = sp->st_nlink;
489 			if (sp->st_size > maxsize)
490 				maxsize = sp->st_size;
491 
492 			btotal += sp->st_blocks;
493 			if (f_longform) {
494 				if (f_numericonly) {
495 					snprintf(nuser, sizeof nuser, "%u", sp->st_uid);
496 					snprintf(ngroup, sizeof nuser, "%u", sp->st_gid);
497 					user = nuser;
498 					group = ngroup;
499 				} else {
500 					user = user_from_uid(sp->st_uid, 0);
501 					group = group_from_gid(sp->st_gid, 0);
502 				}
503 				if ((ulen = strlen(user)) > maxuser)
504 					maxuser = ulen;
505 				if ((glen = strlen(group)) > maxgroup)
506 					maxgroup = glen;
507 				if (f_flags) {
508 					flags = fflagstostr(sp->st_flags);
509 					if (*flags == '\0')
510 						flags = "-";
511 					if ((flen = strlen(flags)) > maxflags)
512 						maxflags = flen;
513 				} else
514 					flen = 0;
515 
516 				if ((np = malloc(sizeof(NAMES) +
517 				    ulen + 1 + glen + 1 + flen + 1)) == NULL)
518 					err(1, NULL);
519 
520 				np->user = &np->data[0];
521 				(void)strlcpy(np->user, user, ulen + 1);
522 				np->group = &np->data[ulen + 1];
523 				(void)strlcpy(np->group, group, glen + 1);
524 
525 				if (S_ISCHR(sp->st_mode) ||
526 				    S_ISBLK(sp->st_mode))
527 					bcfile = 1;
528 
529 				if (f_flags) {
530 					np->flags = &np->data[ulen + 1 + glen + 1];
531 					(void)strlcpy(np->flags, flags, flen + 1);
532 					if (*flags != '-')
533 						free(flags);
534 				}
535 				cur->fts_pointer = np;
536 			}
537 		}
538 		++entries;
539 	}
540 
541 	/*
542 	 * If there are no entries to display, we normally stop right
543 	 * here.  However, we must continue if we have to display the
544 	 * total block count.  In this case, we display the total only
545 	 * on the second (p != NULL) pass.
546 	 */
547 	if (!entries && (!(f_longform || f_size) || p == NULL))
548 		return;
549 
550 	d.list = list;
551 	d.entries = entries;
552 	d.maxlen = maxlen;
553 	if (needstats) {
554 		d.bcfile = bcfile;
555 		d.btotal = btotal;
556 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%llu",
557 		    (unsigned long long)maxblock);
558 		d.s_block = strlen(buf);
559 		d.s_flags = maxflags;
560 		d.s_group = maxgroup;
561 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%llu",
562 		    (unsigned long long)maxinode);
563 		d.s_inode = strlen(buf);
564 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu",
565 		    (unsigned long)maxnlink);
566 		d.s_nlink = strlen(buf);
567 		if (!f_humanval) {
568 			(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld",
569 			    (long long)maxsize);
570 			d.s_size = strlen(buf);
571 		} else
572 			d.s_size = FMT_SCALED_STRSIZE-2; /* no - or '\0' */
573 		d.s_user = maxuser;
574 	}
575 
576 	printfcn(&d);
577 	output = 1;
578 
579 	if (f_longform)
580 		for (cur = list; cur != NULL; cur = cur->fts_link)
581 			free(cur->fts_pointer);
582 }
583 
584 /*
585  * Ordering for mastercmp:
586  * If ordering the argv (fts_level = FTS_ROOTLEVEL) return non-directories
587  * as larger than directories.  Within either group, use the sort function.
588  * All other levels use the sort function.  Error entries remain unsorted.
589  */
590 static int
591 mastercmp(const FTSENT **a, const FTSENT **b)
592 {
593 	int a_info, b_info;
594 
595 	a_info = (*a)->fts_info;
596 	if (a_info == FTS_ERR)
597 		return (0);
598 	b_info = (*b)->fts_info;
599 	if (b_info == FTS_ERR)
600 		return (0);
601 
602 	if (a_info == FTS_NS || b_info == FTS_NS) {
603 		if (b_info != FTS_NS)
604 			return (1);
605 		else if (a_info != FTS_NS)
606 			return (-1);
607 		else
608 			return (namecmp(*a, *b));
609 	}
610 
611 	if (a_info != b_info &&
612 	    (*a)->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL && !f_listdir) {
613 		if (a_info == FTS_D)
614 			return (1);
615 		if (b_info == FTS_D)
616 			return (-1);
617 	}
618 	return (sortfcn(*a, *b));
619 }
620