xref: /netbsd-src/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs.c (revision b8c616269f5ebf18ab2e35cb8099d683130a177c)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.16 2003/01/24 21:55:32 fvdl Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
20  *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
21  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
22  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
23  *    written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
27  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
28  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
29  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
30  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
31  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
32  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
33  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
34  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
35  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 /*
38  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
39  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
40  *
41  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
42  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
43  * are met:
44  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
46  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
48  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
49  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
50  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
51  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
52  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
53  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
54  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
55  *    without specific prior written permission.
56  *
57  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
58  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
59  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
60  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
61  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
62  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
63  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
64  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
65  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
66  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
67  * SUCH DAMAGE.
68  *
69  *	@(#)ffs_alloc.c	8.19 (Berkeley) 7/13/95
70  */
71 
72 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
73 #if defined(__RCSID) && !defined(__lint)
74 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.16 2003/01/24 21:55:32 fvdl Exp $");
75 #endif	/* !__lint */
76 
77 #include <sys/param.h>
78 #include <sys/mount.h>
79 
80 #include <assert.h>
81 #include <errno.h>
82 #include <fcntl.h>
83 #include <stdarg.h>
84 #include <stdio.h>
85 #include <stdlib.h>
86 #include <string.h>
87 #include <unistd.h>
88 
89 #include "makefs.h"
90 
91 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
92 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
93 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
94 #include <ufs/ufs/ufs_bswap.h>
95 
96 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
97 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
98 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
99 
100 /*
101  * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
102  */
103 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE		1024		/* fragment size */
104 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE		8192		/* block size */
105 #define	DFL_SECSIZE		512		/* sector size */
106 #define	DFL_CYLSPERGROUP	65536		/* cylinders per group */
107 #define	DFL_FRAGSPERINODE	4		/* fragments per inode */
108 #define	DFL_ROTDELAY		0		/* rotational delay */
109 #define	DFL_NRPOS		1		/* rotational positions */
110 #define	DFL_RPM			3600		/* rpm of disk */
111 #define	DFL_NSECTORS		64		/* # of sectors */
112 #define	DFL_NTRACKS		16		/* # of tracks */
113 
114 
115 typedef struct {
116 	u_char		*buf;		/* buf for directory */
117 	doff_t		size;		/* full size of buf */
118 	doff_t		cur;		/* offset of current entry */
119 } dirbuf_t;
120 
121 
122 static	int	ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
123 static	void	ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
124 static	void	ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
125 static	void	ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
126 static	int	ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
127 static	void	ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
128 static	void	ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
129 static	void	ffs_write_file(struct dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
130 static	void	ffs_write_inode(struct dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
131 
132 
133 int	sectorsize;		/* XXX: for buf.c::getblk() */
134 
135 	/* publically visible functions */
136 
137 int
138 ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
139 {
140 	option_t ffs_options[] = {
141 		{ "bsize",	&fsopts->bsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
142 					"block size" },
143 		{ "fsize",	&fsopts->fsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
144 					"fragment size" },
145 		{ "cpg",	&fsopts->cpg,		1,	INT_MAX,
146 					"cylinders per group" },
147 		{ "density",	&fsopts->density,	1,	INT_MAX,
148 					"bytes per inode" },
149 		{ "ntracks",	&fsopts->ntracks,	1,	INT_MAX,
150 					"number of tracks" },
151 		{ "nsectors",	&fsopts->nsectors,	1,	INT_MAX,
152 					"number of sectors" },
153 		{ "rpm",	&fsopts->rpm,		1,	INT_MAX,
154 					"revolutions per minute" },
155 		{ "minfree",	&fsopts->minfree,	0,	99,
156 					"minfree" },
157 		{ "rotdelay",	&fsopts->rotdelay,	0,	INT_MAX,
158 					"rotational delay" },
159 		{ "maxbpg",	&fsopts->maxbpg,	1,	INT_MAX,
160 					"max blocks per cylgroup" },
161 		{ "nrpos",	&fsopts->nrpos,		1,	INT_MAX,
162 					"number of rotational positions" },
163 		{ "avgfilesize", &fsopts->avgfilesize,	1,	INT_MAX,
164 					"expected average file size" },
165 		{ "avgfpdir",	&fsopts->avgfpdir,	1,	INT_MAX,
166 					"expected # of files per directory" },
167 		{ NULL }
168 	};
169 
170 	char	*var, *val;
171 	int	rv;
172 
173 	(void)&ffs_options;
174 	assert(option != NULL);
175 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
176 
177 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
178 		printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);
179 
180 	if ((var = strdup(option)) == NULL)
181 		err(1, "Allocating memory for copy of option string");
182 	rv = 0;
183 
184 	if ((val = strchr(var, '=')) == NULL) {
185 		warnx("Option `%s' doesn't contain a value", var);
186 		goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
187 	}
188 	*val++ = '\0';
189 
190 	if (strcmp(var, "optimization") == 0) {
191 		if (strcmp(val, "time") == 0) {
192 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
193 		} else if (strcmp(val, "space") == 0) {
194 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
195 		} else {
196 			warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", val);
197 			goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
198 		}
199 		rv = 1;
200 	} else
201 		rv = set_option(ffs_options, var, val);
202 
203  leave_ffs_parse_opts:
204 	if (var)
205 		free(var);
206 	return (rv);
207 }
208 
209 
210 void
211 ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
212 {
213 	struct timeval start;
214 
215 	assert(image != NULL);
216 	assert(dir != NULL);
217 	assert(root != NULL);
218 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
219 
220 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
221 		printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
222 		    image, dir, root);
223 
224 		/* validate tree and options */
225 	TIMER_START(start);
226 	ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
227 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");
228 
229 	printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
230 	    image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
231 
232 		/* create image */
233 	TIMER_START(start);
234 	if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
235 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
236 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");
237 
238 	fsopts->curinode = ROOTINO;
239 
240 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
241 		putchar('\n');
242 
243 		/* populate image */
244 	printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
245 	TIMER_START(start);
246 	if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
247 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
248 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");
249 
250 		/* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
251 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
252 		bcleanup();
253 
254 		/* write out superblock; image is now complete */
255 
256 	((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_fmod = 0;
257 	ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
258 	if (close(fsopts->fd) == -1)
259 		err(1, "Closing `%s'", image);
260 	fsopts->fd = -1;
261 	printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
262 }
263 
264 	/* end of public functions */
265 
266 
267 static void
268 ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
269 {
270 	int32_t	ncg = 1;
271 #if notyet
272 	int32_t	spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
273 #endif
274 
275 	assert(dir != NULL);
276 	assert(root != NULL);
277 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
278 
279 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
280 		printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
281 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
282 	}
283 
284 		/* set FFS defaults */
285 	if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
286 		fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
287 	if (fsopts->fsize == -1)
288 		fsopts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
289 	if (fsopts->bsize == -1)
290 		fsopts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsopts->fsize);
291 	if (fsopts->cpg == -1)
292 		fsopts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
293 	else
294 		fsopts->cpgflg = 1;
295 				/* fsopts->density is set below */
296 	if (fsopts->ntracks == -1)
297 		fsopts->ntracks = DFL_NTRACKS;
298 	if (fsopts->nsectors == -1)
299 		fsopts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
300 	if (fsopts->rpm == -1)
301 		fsopts->rpm = DFL_RPM;
302 	if (fsopts->minfree == -1)
303 		fsopts->minfree = MINFREE;
304 	if (fsopts->optimization == -1)
305 		fsopts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
306 	if (fsopts->maxcontig == -1)
307 		fsopts->maxcontig =
308 		    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / fsopts->bsize);
309 	if (fsopts->rotdelay == -1)
310 		fsopts->rotdelay = DFL_ROTDELAY;
311 	/* XXX ondisk32 */
312 	if (fsopts->maxbpg == -1)
313 		fsopts->maxbpg = fsopts->bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
314 	if (fsopts->nrpos == -1)
315 		fsopts->nrpos = DFL_NRPOS;
316 	if (fsopts->avgfilesize == -1)
317 		fsopts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
318 	if (fsopts->avgfpdir == -1)
319 		fsopts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;
320 
321 		/* calculate size of tree */
322 	ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
323 	fsopts->inodes += ROOTINO;		/* include first two inodes */
324 
325 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
326 		printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
327 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
328 
329 		/* add requested slop */
330 	fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
331 	fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
332 	if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
333 		fsopts->inodes =
334 		    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
335 	if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
336 		fsopts->size =
337 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;
338 
339 #if notyet
340 		/*
341 		 * estimate number of cylinder groups
342 		 */
343 	spc = fsopts->nsectors * fsopts->ntracks;
344 	nspf = fsopts->fsize / fsopts->sectorsize;
345 	fssize = fsopts->size / fsopts->sectorsize;
346 	ncyl = fssize * nspf / spc;
347 	if (fssize * nspf > ncyl * spc)
348 		ncyl++;
349 	ncg = ncyl / fsopts->cpg;
350 	if (ncg == 0)
351 		ncg = 1;
352 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
353 		printf(
354 		    "ffs_validate: spc %d nspf %d fssize %d ncyl %d ncg %d\n",
355 		    spc, nspf, fssize, ncyl, ncg);
356 #endif	/* notyet */
357 
358 		/* add space needed for superblocks */
359 	fsopts->size += (SBOFF + SBSIZE) * ncg;
360 		/* add space needed to store inodes, x3 for blockmaps, etc */
361 	fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE_SIZE * 3 *
362 	    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg, fsopts->bsize / DINODE_SIZE);
363 
364 		/* add minfree */
365 	if (fsopts->minfree > 0)
366 		fsopts->size =
367 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->minfree) / 100;
368 	/*
369 	 * XXX	any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, etc ??
370 	 */
371 
372 	if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)	/* ensure meets minimum size */
373 		fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;
374 
375 		/* round up to the next block */
376 	fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, fsopts->bsize);
377 
378 		/* calculate density if necessary */
379 	if (fsopts->density == -1)
380 		fsopts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;
381 
382 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
383 		printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
384 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
385 		printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
386 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
387 	}
388 	sectorsize = fsopts->sectorsize;	/* XXX - see earlier */
389 
390 		/* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
391 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
392 		errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
393 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
394 	}
395 }
396 
397 
398 static void
399 ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
400 {
401 
402 	printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);
403 
404 	printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
405 	    (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);
406 
407 	printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
408 	    (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
409 	printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
410 	    (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
411 	printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
412 	    (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
413 	printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);
414 
415 	printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
416 	    f->bsize, f->fsize, f->cpg, f->density);
417 	printf("\tntracks %d, nsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
418 	    f->ntracks, f->nsectors, f->rpm, f->minfree);
419 	printf("\tmaxcontig %d, rotdelay %d, maxbpg %d, nrpos %d\n",
420 	    f->maxcontig, f->rotdelay, f->maxbpg, f->nrpos);
421 	printf("\toptimization %s\n",
422 	    f->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
423 }
424 
425 
426 static int
427 ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
428 {
429 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
430 	struct statfs	sfs;
431 #endif
432 	struct fs	*fs;
433 	char	*buf;
434 	int	i, bufsize;
435 	off_t	bufrem;
436 
437 	assert (image != NULL);
438 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
439 
440 		/* create image */
441 	if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0777))
442 	    == -1) {
443 		warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
444 		return (-1);
445 	}
446 
447 		/* zero image */
448 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
449 	if (fstatfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
450 #endif
451 		bufsize = 8192;
452 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
453 		warn("can't fstatfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
454 		    image, bufsize);
455 	} else
456 		bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
457 #endif
458 	bufrem = fsopts->size;
459 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
460 		printf(
461 		    "zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, using %d byte chunks\n",
462 		    image, (long long)bufrem, bufsize);
463 	if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL) {
464 		warn("Can't create buffer for sector");
465 		return (-1);
466 	}
467 	while (bufrem > 0) {
468 		i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
469 		if (i == -1) {
470 			warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
471 			    (long long)bufrem);
472 			return (-1);
473 		}
474 		bufrem -= i;
475 	}
476 
477 		/* make the file system */
478 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
479 		printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);
480 	fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts);
481 	fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
482 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
483 		time_t t;
484 
485 		t = ((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
486 		printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
487 		    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
488 		printf("fs totals: nbfree %d, nffree %d, nifree %d, ndir %d\n",
489 		    fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree, fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree,
490 		    fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree, fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir);
491 	}
492 
493 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree < fsopts->inodes) {
494 		warnx(
495 		"Image file `%s' has %lld free inodes; %lld are required.",
496 		    image,
497 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
498 		    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
499 		return (-1);
500 	}
501 	return (fsopts->fd);
502 }
503 
504 
505 static void
506 ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
507 {
508 	struct direct	tmpdir;
509 	fsnode *	node;
510 	int		curdirsize, this;
511 
512 	/* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
513 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
514 
515 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
516 		printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
517 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
518 
519 #define	ADDDIRENT(e) do {						\
520 	tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));					\
521 	this = DIRSIZ(0, &tmpdir, 0);					\
522 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
523 		printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
524 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
525 	if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))		\
526 		curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);		\
527 	curdirsize += this;						\
528 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
529 		printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
530 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
531 } while (0);
532 
533 	/*
534 	 * XXX	this needs to take into account extra space consumed
535 	 *	by indirect blocks, etc.
536 	 */
537 #define	ADDSIZE(x) do {							\
538 	fsopts->size += roundup((x), fsopts->fsize);			\
539 } while (0);
540 
541 	curdirsize = 0;
542 	for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
543 		ADDDIRENT(node->name);
544 		if (node == root) {			/* we're at "." */
545 			assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
546 			ADDDIRENT("..");
547 		} else if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
548 				/* don't count duplicate names */
549 			node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
550 			if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE)
551 				printf("ffs_size_dir: `%s' size %lld\n",
552 				    node->name,
553 				    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
554 			fsopts->inodes++;
555 			if (node->type == S_IFREG)
556 				ADDSIZE(node->inode->st.st_size);
557 			if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
558 				int	slen;
559 
560 				slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
561 				if (slen >= MAXSYMLINKLEN)
562 					ADDSIZE(slen);
563 			}
564 		}
565 		if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
566 			ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
567 	}
568 	ADDSIZE(curdirsize);
569 
570 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
571 		printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
572 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
573 }
574 
575 
576 static int
577 ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
578 {
579 	fsnode		*cur;
580 	dirbuf_t	dirbuf;
581 	struct dinode	din;
582 	void		*membuf;
583 	char		path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
584 
585 	assert(dir != NULL);
586 	assert(root != NULL);
587 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
588 
589 	(void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));
590 
591 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
592 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);
593 
594 		/*
595 		 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
596 		 */
597 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
598 		if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
599 			cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
600 			if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
601 				cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
602 			else {
603 				cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
604 				fsopts->curinode++;
605 			}
606 		}
607 		ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
608 		if (cur == root) {		/* we're at "."; add ".." */
609 			ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
610 			    cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
611 			    fsopts->needswap);
612 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my parent's link */
613 		} else if (cur->child != NULL)
614 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my child's link */
615 
616 		/*
617 		 * XXX	possibly write file and long symlinks here,
618 		 *	ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
619 		 *	otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
620 		 *	cares about ordering? :-)
621 		 */
622 	}
623 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
624 		ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);
625 
626 		/*
627 		 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
628 		 */
629 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
630 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
631 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
632 		if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
633 			continue;		/* skip hard-linked entries */
634 		cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;
635 
636 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
637 		    >= sizeof(path))
638 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
639 
640 		if (cur->child != NULL)
641 			continue;		/* child creates own inode */
642 
643 				/* build on-disk inode */
644 		memset(&din, 0, sizeof(din));
645 		din.di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
646 		din.di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
647 		din.di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
648 		din.di_atime = cur->inode->st.st_atime;
649 		din.di_mtime = cur->inode->st.st_mtime;
650 		din.di_ctime = cur->inode->st.st_ctime;
651 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
652 		din.di_atimensec = cur->inode->st.st_atimensec;
653 		din.di_mtimensec = cur->inode->st.st_mtimensec;
654 		din.di_ctimensec = cur->inode->st.st_ctimensec;
655 #endif
656 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
657 		din.di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
658 #endif
659 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
660 		din.di_gen = cur->inode->st.st_gen;
661 #endif
662 		din.di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
663 		din.di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
664 			/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
665 
666 		membuf = NULL;
667 		if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
668 			membuf = dirbuf.buf;
669 			din.di_size = dirbuf.size;
670 		} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
671 			din.di_size = 0;	/* a device */
672 			din.di_rdev =
673 			    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
674 		} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
675 			int slen;
676 
677 			slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
678 			if (slen < MAXSYMLINKLEN) {	/* short link */
679 				memcpy(din.di_shortlink, cur->symlink, slen);
680 			} else
681 				membuf = cur->symlink;
682 			din.di_size = slen;
683 		}
684 
685 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
686 			printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
687 			    cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
688 			if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
689 				printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
690 			putchar('\n');
691 		}
692 
693 		if (membuf != NULL) {
694 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
695 		} else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
696 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, path, fsopts);
697 		} else {
698 			assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
699 			ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
700 		}
701 	}
702 
703 		/*
704 		 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
705 		 */
706 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
707 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
708 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
709 		if (cur->child == NULL)
710 			continue;
711 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
712 		    >= sizeof(path))
713 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
714 		if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
715 			return (0);
716 	}
717 
718 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
719 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);
720 
721 		/* cleanup */
722 	if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
723 		free(dirbuf.buf);
724 	return (1);
725 }
726 
727 
728 static void
729 ffs_write_file(struct dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
730 {
731 	int 	isfile, ffd;
732 	char	*fbuf, *p;
733 	off_t	bufleft, chunk, offset;
734 	struct inode	in;
735 	struct buf *	bp;
736 
737 	assert (din != NULL);
738 	assert (buf != NULL);
739 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
740 
741 	isfile = S_ISREG(din->di_mode);
742 	fbuf = NULL;
743 	ffd = -1;
744 
745 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
746 		printf(
747 		    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
748 		    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(din->di_mode & S_IFMT),
749 		    (long long)din->di_size);
750 		if (isfile)
751 			printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
752 		else
753 			printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
754 	}
755 
756 	in.i_number = ino;
757 	in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
758 	memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs_din, din, sizeof(in.i_din.ffs_din));
759 	in.i_fd = fsopts->fd;
760 
761 	if (din->di_size == 0)
762 		goto write_inode_and_leave;		/* mmm, cheating */
763 
764 	if (isfile) {
765 		if ((fbuf = malloc(fsopts->bsize)) == NULL)
766 			err(1, "Allocating memory for write buffer");
767 		if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY, 0444)) == -1) {
768 			warn("Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
769 			goto leave_ffs_write_file;
770 		}
771 	} else {
772 		p = buf;
773 	}
774 
775 	chunk = 0;
776 	for (bufleft = din->di_size; bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
777 		chunk = MIN(bufleft, fsopts->bsize);
778 		if (isfile) {
779 			if (read(ffd, fbuf, chunk) != chunk)
780 				err(1, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
781 				    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
782 			p = fbuf;
783 		}
784 		offset = din->di_size - bufleft;
785 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
786 			printf(
787 		"ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
788 			    p, (long long)offset,
789 			    (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
790 	/*
791 	 * XXX	if holey support is desired, do the check here
792 	 *
793 	 * XXX	might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
794 	 *	sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
795 	 */
796 		errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
797  bad_ffs_write_file:
798 		if (errno != 0)
799 			err(1,
800 			    "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
801 			    ino,
802 			    isfile ? (char *)buf :
803 			      inode_type(din->di_mode & S_IFMT),
804 			    (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
805 		memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
806 		errno = bwrite(bp);
807 		if (errno != 0)
808 			goto bad_ffs_write_file;
809 		brelse(bp);
810 		if (!isfile)
811 			p += chunk;
812 	}
813 
814  write_inode_and_leave:
815 	ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din.ffs_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
816 
817  leave_ffs_write_file:
818 	if (fbuf)
819 		free(fbuf);
820 	if (ffd != -1)
821 		close(ffd);
822 }
823 
824 
825 static void
826 ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
827 {
828 	doff_t		i;
829 	struct direct	*de;
830 	uint16_t	reclen;
831 
832 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
833 	assert (dir != NULL);
834 	printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
835 	    dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);
836 
837 	for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
838 		de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
839 		reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
840 		printf(
841 	    " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
842 		    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
843 		    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
844 		    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
845 		i += reclen;
846 		assert(reclen > 0);
847 	}
848 }
849 
850 static void
851 ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
852 {
853 	struct direct	de, *dp;
854 	uint16_t	llen, reclen;
855 
856 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
857 	assert (name != NULL);
858 	assert (node != NULL);
859 					/* create direct entry */
860 	(void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
861 	de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
862 	de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
863 	de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
864 	strcpy(de.d_name, name);
865 	reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &de, needswap);
866 	de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);
867 
868 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
869 	llen = 0;
870 	if (dp != NULL)
871 		llen = DIRSIZ(0, dp, needswap);
872 
873 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
874 		printf(
875 		    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
876 		    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
877 		    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
878 		    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
879 		    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);
880 
881 	if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
882 		dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;	/* need another chunk */
883 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
884 			printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
885 			    dbuf->size);
886 		if ((dbuf->buf = realloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size)) == NULL)
887 			err(1, "Allocating memory for directory buffer");
888 		memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
889 		dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
890 	} else {				/* shrink end of previous */
891 		dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
892 		dbuf->cur += llen;
893 	}
894 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
895 	memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
896 	dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
897 }
898 
899 /*
900  * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
901  */
902 static void
903 ffs_write_inode(struct dinode *ip, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
904 {
905 	struct dinode	ibuf[MAXINOPB];
906 	struct cg	*cgp;
907 	struct fs	*fs;
908 	int		cg, cgino;
909 	daddr_t		d;
910 	char		sbbuf[MAXBSIZE];
911 
912 	assert (ip != NULL);
913 	assert (ino > 0);
914 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
915 
916 	fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
917 	cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
918 	cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
919 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
920 		printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
921 		    ip, ino, cg, cgino);
922 
923 	ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
924 	    fsopts);
925 	cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
926 	if (!cg_chkmagic(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
927 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);
928 
929 	assert (isclr(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));
930 
931 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
932 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
933 		    ino);
934 	if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
935 		errx(1,
936 		    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
937 		    cg, ino);
938 	setbit(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
939 	ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
940 	fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
941 	fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
942 	if (S_ISDIR(ip->di_mode)) {
943 		ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
944 		fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
945 		fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++;
946 	}
947 	ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
948 	    fsopts);
949 
950 					/* now write inode */
951 	d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
952 	ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, ibuf, fsopts);
953 	if (fsopts->needswap)
954 		ffs_dinode_swap(ip, &ibuf[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
955 	else
956 		ibuf[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = *ip;
957 	ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, ibuf, fsopts);
958 }
959 
960 void
961 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
962 {
963 	va_list ap;
964 
965 	va_start(ap, fmt);
966 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
967 	va_end(ap);
968 	exit(1);
969 }
970