xref: /netbsd-src/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs.c (revision 9fbd88883c38d0c0fbfcbe66d76fe6b0fab3f9de)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.12 2002/01/31 22:44:02 tv Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
20  *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
21  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
22  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
23  *    written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
27  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
28  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
29  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
30  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
31  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
32  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
33  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
34  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
35  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 /*
38  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
39  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
40  *
41  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
42  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
43  * are met:
44  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
46  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
48  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
49  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
50  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
51  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
52  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
53  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
54  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
55  *    without specific prior written permission.
56  *
57  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
58  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
59  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
60  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
61  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
62  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
63  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
64  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
65  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
66  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
67  * SUCH DAMAGE.
68  *
69  *	@(#)ffs_alloc.c	8.19 (Berkeley) 7/13/95
70  */
71 
72 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
73 #if defined(__RCSID) && !defined(__lint)
74 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.12 2002/01/31 22:44:02 tv Exp $");
75 #endif	/* !__lint */
76 
77 #include <sys/param.h>
78 #include <sys/mount.h>
79 
80 #include <assert.h>
81 #include <errno.h>
82 #include <fcntl.h>
83 #include <stdarg.h>
84 #include <stdio.h>
85 #include <stdlib.h>
86 #include <string.h>
87 #include <unistd.h>
88 
89 #include "makefs.h"
90 
91 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
92 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
93 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
94 #include <ufs/ufs/ufs_bswap.h>
95 
96 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
97 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
98 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
99 
100 /*
101  * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
102  */
103 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE		1024		/* fragment size */
104 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE		8192		/* block size */
105 #define	DFL_SECSIZE		512		/* sector size */
106 #define	DFL_CYLSPERGROUP	65536		/* cylinders per group */
107 #define	DFL_FRAGSPERINODE	4		/* fragments per inode - XXX */
108 #define	DFL_ROTDELAY		0		/* rotational delay */
109 #define	DFL_NRPOS		1		/* rotational positions */
110 #define	DFL_RPM			3600		/* rpm of disk */
111 #define	DFL_NSECTORS		64		/* # of sectors */
112 #define	DFL_NTRACKS		16		/* # of tracks */
113 
114 
115 typedef struct {
116 	u_char		*buf;		/* buf for directory */
117 	doff_t		size;		/* full size of buf */
118 	doff_t		cur;		/* offset of current entry */
119 } dirbuf_t;
120 
121 
122 static	int	ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
123 static	void	ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
124 static	void	ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
125 static	void	ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
126 static	int	ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
127 static	void	ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
128 static	void	ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
129 static	void	ffs_write_file(struct dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
130 static	void	ffs_write_inode(struct dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
131 
132 
133 int	sectorsize;		/* XXX: for buf.c::getblk() */
134 
135 	/* publically visible functions */
136 
137 int
138 ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
139 {
140 	option_t ffs_options[] = {
141 		{ "bsize",	&fsopts->bsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
142 					"block size" },
143 		{ "fsize",	&fsopts->fsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
144 					"fragment size" },
145 		{ "cpg",	&fsopts->cpg,		1,	INT_MAX,
146 					"cylinders per group" },
147 		{ "density",	&fsopts->density,	1,	INT_MAX,
148 					"bytes per inode" },
149 		{ "ntracks",	&fsopts->ntracks,	1,	INT_MAX,
150 					"number of tracks" },
151 		{ "nsectors",	&fsopts->nsectors,	1,	INT_MAX,
152 					"number of sectors" },
153 		{ "rpm",	&fsopts->rpm,		1,	INT_MAX,
154 					"revolutions per minute" },
155 		{ "minfree",	&fsopts->minfree,	0,	99,
156 					"minfree" },
157 		{ "rotdelay",	&fsopts->rotdelay,	0,	INT_MAX,
158 					"rotational delay" },
159 		{ "maxbpg",	&fsopts->maxbpg,	1,	INT_MAX,
160 					"max blocks per cylgroup" },
161 		{ "nrpos",	&fsopts->nrpos,		1,	INT_MAX,
162 					"number of rotational positions" },
163 		{ "avgfilesize", &fsopts->avgfilesize,	1,	INT_MAX,
164 					"expected average file size" },
165 		{ "avgfpdir",	&fsopts->avgfpdir,	1,	INT_MAX,
166 					"expected # of files per directory" },
167 		{ NULL }
168 	};
169 
170 	char	*var, *val;
171 	int	rv;
172 
173 	(void)&ffs_options;
174 	assert(option != NULL);
175 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
176 
177 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
178 		printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);
179 
180 	if ((var = strdup(option)) == NULL)
181 		err(1, "Allocating memory for copy of option string");
182 	rv = 0;
183 
184 	if ((val = strchr(var, '=')) == NULL) {
185 		warnx("Option `%s' doesn't contain a value", var);
186 		goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
187 	}
188 	*val++ = '\0';
189 
190 	if (strcmp(var, "optimization") == 0) {
191 		if (strcmp(val, "time") == 0) {
192 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
193 		} else if (strcmp(val, "space") == 0) {
194 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
195 		} else {
196 			warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", val);
197 			goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
198 		}
199 		rv = 1;
200 	} else
201 		rv = set_option(ffs_options, var, val);
202 
203  leave_ffs_parse_opts:
204 	if (var)
205 		free(var);
206 	return (rv);
207 }
208 
209 
210 void
211 ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
212 {
213 	struct timeval start;
214 
215 	assert(image != NULL);
216 	assert(dir != NULL);
217 	assert(root != NULL);
218 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
219 
220 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
221 		printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
222 		    image, dir, root);
223 
224 		/* validate tree and options */
225 	TIMER_START(start);
226 	ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
227 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");
228 
229 	printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
230 	    image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
231 
232 		/* create image */
233 	TIMER_START(start);
234 	if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
235 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
236 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");
237 
238 	fsopts->curinode = ROOTINO;
239 
240 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
241 		putchar('\n');
242 
243 		/* populate image */
244 	printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
245 	TIMER_START(start);
246 	if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
247 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
248 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");
249 
250 		/* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
251 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
252 		bcleanup();
253 
254 		/* write out superblock; image is now complete */
255 	ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
256 	printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
257 }
258 
259 	/* end of public functions */
260 
261 
262 static void
263 ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
264 {
265 	int32_t	ncg = 1;
266 #if notyet
267 	int32_t	spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
268 #endif
269 
270 	assert(dir != NULL);
271 	assert(root != NULL);
272 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
273 
274 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
275 		printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
276 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
277 	}
278 
279 		/* set FFS defaults */
280 	if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
281 		fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
282 	if (fsopts->fsize == -1)
283 		fsopts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
284 	if (fsopts->bsize == -1)
285 		fsopts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsopts->fsize);
286 	if (fsopts->cpg == -1)
287 		fsopts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
288 	else
289 		fsopts->cpgflg = 1;
290 				/* fsopts->density is set below */
291 	if (fsopts->ntracks == -1)
292 		fsopts->ntracks = DFL_NTRACKS;
293 	if (fsopts->nsectors == -1)
294 		fsopts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
295 	if (fsopts->rpm == -1)
296 		fsopts->rpm = DFL_RPM;
297 	if (fsopts->minfree == -1)
298 		fsopts->minfree = MINFREE;
299 	if (fsopts->optimization == -1)
300 		fsopts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
301 	if (fsopts->maxcontig == -1)
302 		fsopts->maxcontig =
303 		    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / fsopts->bsize);
304 	if (fsopts->rotdelay == -1)
305 		fsopts->rotdelay = DFL_ROTDELAY;
306 	if (fsopts->maxbpg == -1)
307 		fsopts->maxbpg = fsopts->bsize / sizeof(ufs_daddr_t);
308 	if (fsopts->nrpos == -1)
309 		fsopts->nrpos = DFL_NRPOS;
310 	if (fsopts->avgfilesize == -1)
311 		fsopts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
312 	if (fsopts->avgfpdir == -1)
313 		fsopts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;
314 
315 		/* calculate size of tree */
316 	ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
317 	fsopts->inodes += ROOTINO;		/* include first two inodes */
318 
319 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
320 		printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
321 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
322 
323 		/* add requested slop */
324 	fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
325 	fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
326 	if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
327 		fsopts->inodes =
328 		    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
329 	if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
330 		fsopts->size =
331 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;
332 
333 #if notyet
334 		/*
335 		 * estimate number of cylinder groups
336 		 */
337 	spc = fsopts->nsectors * fsopts->ntracks;
338 	nspf = fsopts->fsize / fsopts->sectorsize;
339 	fssize = fsopts->size / fsopts->sectorsize;
340 	ncyl = fssize * nspf / spc;
341 	if (fssize * nspf > ncyl * spc)
342 		ncyl++;
343 	ncg = ncyl / fsopts->cpg;
344 	if (ncg == 0)
345 		ncg = 1;
346 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
347 		printf(
348 		    "ffs_validate: spc %d nspf %d fssize %d ncyl %d ncg %d\n",
349 		    spc, nspf, fssize, ncyl, ncg);
350 #endif	/* notyet */
351 
352 		/* add space needed for superblocks */
353 	fsopts->size += (SBOFF + SBSIZE) * ncg;
354 		/* add space needed to store inodes, x3 for blockmaps, etc */
355 	fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE_SIZE * 3 *
356 	    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg, fsopts->bsize / DINODE_SIZE);
357 
358 		/* add minfree */
359 	if (fsopts->minfree > 0)
360 		fsopts->size =
361 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->minfree) / 100;
362 	/*
363 	 * XXX	any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, etc ??
364 	 */
365 
366 	if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)	/* ensure meets minimum size */
367 		fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;
368 
369 		/* round up to the next block */
370 	fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, fsopts->bsize);
371 
372 		/* calculate density if necessary */
373 	if (fsopts->density == -1)
374 		fsopts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;
375 
376 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
377 		printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
378 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
379 		printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
380 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
381 	}
382 	sectorsize = fsopts->sectorsize;	/* XXX - see earlier */
383 
384 		/* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
385 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
386 		errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
387 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
388 	}
389 }
390 
391 
392 static void
393 ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
394 {
395 
396 	printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);
397 
398 	printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
399 	    (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);
400 
401 	printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
402 	    (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
403 	printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
404 	    (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
405 	printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
406 	    (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
407 	printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);
408 
409 	printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
410 	    f->bsize, f->fsize, f->cpg, f->density);
411 	printf("\tntracks %d, nsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
412 	    f->ntracks, f->nsectors, f->rpm, f->minfree);
413 	printf("\tmaxcontig %d, rotdelay %d, maxbpg %d, nrpos %d\n",
414 	    f->maxcontig, f->rotdelay, f->maxbpg, f->nrpos);
415 	printf("\toptimization %s\n",
416 	    f->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
417 }
418 
419 
420 static int
421 ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
422 {
423 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
424 	struct statfs	sfs;
425 #endif
426 	struct fs	*fs;
427 	char	*buf;
428 	int	i, bufsize;
429 	off_t	bufrem;
430 
431 	assert (image != NULL);
432 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
433 
434 		/* create image */
435 	if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0777))
436 	    == -1) {
437 		warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
438 		return (-1);
439 	}
440 
441 		/* zero image */
442 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
443 	if (fstatfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
444 #endif
445 		bufsize = 8192;
446 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
447 		warn("can't fstatfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
448 		    image, bufsize);
449 	} else
450 		bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
451 #endif
452 	bufrem = fsopts->size;
453 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
454 		printf(
455 		    "zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, using %d byte chunks\n",
456 		    image, (long long)bufrem, bufsize);
457 	if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL) {
458 		warn("Can't create buffer for sector");
459 		return (-1);
460 	}
461 	while (bufrem > 0) {
462 		i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
463 		if (i == -1) {
464 			warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
465 			    (long long)bufrem);
466 			return (-1);
467 		}
468 		bufrem -= i;
469 	}
470 
471 		/* make the file system */
472 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
473 		printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);
474 	fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts);
475 	fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
476 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
477 		time_t t;
478 
479 		t = ((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
480 		printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
481 		    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
482 	}
483 
484 	if ((long long)fs->fs_ncg * fs->fs_ipg < fsopts->inodes) {
485 		warnx(
486 		"Image file `%s' only has %lld inodes, but %lld are required.",
487 		    image,
488 		    (long long)fs->fs_ncg * fs->fs_ipg,
489 		    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
490 		return (-1);
491 	}
492 	return (fsopts->fd);
493 }
494 
495 
496 static void
497 ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
498 {
499 	struct direct	tmpdir;
500 	fsnode *	node;
501 	int		curdirsize, this;
502 
503 	/* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
504 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
505 
506 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
507 		printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
508 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
509 
510 #define	ADDDIRENT(e) do {						\
511 	tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));					\
512 	this = DIRSIZ(0, &tmpdir, 0);					\
513 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
514 		printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
515 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
516 	if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))		\
517 		curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);		\
518 	curdirsize += this;						\
519 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
520 		printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
521 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
522 } while (0);
523 
524 	/*
525 	 * XXX	this must take into account extra space consumed
526 	 *	by indirect blocks, etc.
527 	 */
528 #define	ADDSIZE(x) do {							\
529 	fsopts->size += roundup((x), fsopts->fsize);			\
530 } while (0);
531 
532 	curdirsize = 0;
533 	for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
534 		ADDDIRENT(node->name);
535 		if (node == root) {			/* we're at "." */
536 			assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
537 			ADDDIRENT("..");
538 		}
539 		if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
540 				/* don't count duplicate names */
541 			node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
542 			if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE)
543 				printf("ffs_size_dir: %s size %lld\n",
544 				    node->name,
545 				    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
546 			fsopts->inodes++;
547 			if (node->type == S_IFREG)
548 				ADDSIZE(node->inode->st.st_size);
549 			if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
550 				int	slen;
551 
552 				slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
553 				if (slen >= MAXSYMLINKLEN)
554 					ADDSIZE(slen);
555 			}
556 		}
557 		if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
558 			ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
559 	}
560 	ADDSIZE(curdirsize);
561 
562 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
563 		printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
564 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
565 }
566 
567 
568 static int
569 ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
570 {
571 	fsnode		*cur;
572 	dirbuf_t	dirbuf;
573 	struct dinode	din;
574 	void		*membuf;
575 	char		path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
576 
577 	assert(dir != NULL);
578 	assert(root != NULL);
579 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
580 
581 	(void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));
582 
583 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
584 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);
585 
586 		/*
587 		 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
588 		 */
589 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
590 		if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
591 			cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
592 			if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
593 				cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
594 			else {
595 				cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
596 				fsopts->curinode++;
597 			}
598 		}
599 		ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
600 		if (cur == root) {		/* we're at "."; add ".." */
601 			ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
602 			    cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
603 			    fsopts->needswap);
604 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my parent's link */
605 		} else if (cur->child != NULL)
606 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my child's link */
607 
608 		/*
609 		 * XXX	possibly write file and long symlinks here,
610 		 *	ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
611 		 *	otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
612 		 *	cares about ordering? :-)
613 		 */
614 	}
615 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
616 		ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);
617 
618 		/*
619 		 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
620 		 */
621 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
622 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
623 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
624 		if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
625 			continue;		/* skip hard-linked entries */
626 		cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;
627 
628 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
629 		    >= sizeof(path))
630 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
631 
632 		if (cur->child != NULL)
633 			continue;		/* child creates own inode */
634 
635 				/* build on-disk inode */
636 		memset(&din, 0, sizeof(din));
637 		din.di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
638 		din.di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
639 		din.di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
640 		din.di_atime = cur->inode->st.st_atime;
641 		din.di_mtime = cur->inode->st.st_mtime;
642 		din.di_ctime = cur->inode->st.st_ctime;
643 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
644 		din.di_atimensec = cur->inode->st.st_atimensec;
645 		din.di_mtimensec = cur->inode->st.st_mtimensec;
646 		din.di_ctimensec = cur->inode->st.st_ctimensec;
647 #endif
648 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
649 		din.di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
650 #endif
651 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
652 		din.di_gen = cur->inode->st.st_gen;
653 #endif
654 		din.di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
655 		din.di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
656 			/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
657 
658 		membuf = NULL;
659 		if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
660 			membuf = dirbuf.buf;
661 			din.di_size = dirbuf.size;
662 		} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
663 			din.di_size = 0;	/* a device */
664 			din.di_rdev =
665 			    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
666 		} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
667 			int slen;
668 
669 			slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
670 			if (slen < MAXSYMLINKLEN) {	/* short link */
671 				memcpy(din.di_shortlink, cur->symlink, slen);
672 			} else
673 				membuf = cur->symlink;
674 			din.di_size = slen;
675 		}
676 
677 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
678 			printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
679 			    cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
680 			if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
681 				printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
682 			putchar('\n');
683 		}
684 
685 		if (membuf != NULL) {
686 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
687 		} else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
688 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, path, fsopts);
689 		} else {
690 			assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
691 			ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
692 		}
693 	}
694 
695 		/*
696 		 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
697 		 */
698 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
699 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
700 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
701 		if (cur->child == NULL)
702 			continue;
703 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
704 		    >= sizeof(path))
705 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
706 		if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
707 			return (0);
708 	}
709 
710 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
711 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);
712 
713 		/* cleanup */
714 	if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
715 		free(dirbuf.buf);
716 	return (1);
717 }
718 
719 
720 static void
721 ffs_write_file(struct dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
722 {
723 	int 	isfile, ffd;
724 	char	*fbuf, *p;
725 	off_t	bufleft, chunk, offset;
726 	struct inode	in;
727 	struct buf *	bp;
728 
729 	assert (din != NULL);
730 	assert (buf != NULL);
731 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
732 
733 	isfile = S_ISREG(din->di_mode);
734 	fbuf = NULL;
735 	ffd = -1;
736 
737 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
738 		printf(
739 		    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
740 		    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(din->di_mode & S_IFMT),
741 		    (long long)din->di_size);
742 		if (isfile)
743 			printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
744 		else
745 			printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
746 	}
747 
748 	in.i_number = ino;
749 	in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
750 	memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs_din, din, sizeof(in.i_din.ffs_din));
751 	in.i_fd = fsopts->fd;
752 
753 	if (din->di_size == 0)
754 		goto write_inode_and_leave;		/* mmm, cheating */
755 
756 	if (isfile) {
757 		if ((fbuf = malloc(fsopts->bsize)) == NULL)
758 			err(1, "Allocating memory for write buffer");
759 		if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY, 0444)) == -1) {
760 			warn("Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
761 			goto leave_ffs_write_file;
762 		}
763 	} else {
764 		p = buf;
765 	}
766 
767 	chunk = 0;
768 	for (bufleft = din->di_size; bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
769 		chunk = MIN(bufleft, fsopts->bsize);
770 		if (isfile) {
771 			if (read(ffd, fbuf, chunk) != chunk)
772 				err(1, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
773 				    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
774 			p = fbuf;
775 		}
776 		offset = din->di_size - bufleft;
777 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
778 			printf(
779 		"ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
780 			    p, (long long)offset,
781 			    (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
782 	/*
783 	 * XXX	if holey support is desired, do the check here
784 	 *
785 	 * XXX	might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
786 	 *	sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
787 	 */
788 		errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
789  bad_ffs_write_file:
790 		if (errno != 0)
791 			err(1,
792 			    "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
793 			    ino,
794 			    isfile ? (char *)buf :
795 			      inode_type(din->di_mode & S_IFMT),
796 			    (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
797 		memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
798 		errno = bwrite(bp);
799 		if (errno != 0)
800 			goto bad_ffs_write_file;
801 		brelse(bp);
802 		if (!isfile)
803 			p += chunk;
804 	}
805 
806  write_inode_and_leave:
807 	ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din.ffs_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
808 
809  leave_ffs_write_file:
810 	if (fbuf)
811 		free(fbuf);
812 	if (ffd != -1)
813 		close(ffd);
814 }
815 
816 
817 static void
818 ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
819 {
820 	doff_t		i;
821 	struct direct	*de;
822 	uint16_t	reclen;
823 
824 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
825 	assert (dir != NULL);
826 	printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
827 	    dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);
828 
829 	for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
830 		de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
831 		reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
832 		printf(
833 	    " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
834 		    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
835 		    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
836 		    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
837 		i += reclen;
838 		assert(reclen > 0);
839 	}
840 }
841 
842 static void
843 ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
844 {
845 	struct direct	de, *dp;
846 	uint16_t	llen, reclen;
847 
848 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
849 	assert (name != NULL);
850 	assert (node != NULL);
851 					/* create direct entry */
852 	(void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
853 	de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
854 	de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
855 	de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
856 	assert (de.d_namlen < (sizeof(de.d_name)));
857 	strcpy(de.d_name, name);
858 	reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &de, needswap);
859 	de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);
860 
861 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
862 	llen = 0;
863 	if (dp != NULL)
864 		llen = DIRSIZ(0, dp, needswap);
865 
866 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
867 		printf(
868 		    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
869 		    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
870 		    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
871 		    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
872 		    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);
873 
874 	if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
875 		dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;	/* need another chunk */
876 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
877 			printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
878 			    dbuf->size);
879 		if ((dbuf->buf = realloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size)) == NULL)
880 			err(1, "Allocating memory for directory buffer");
881 		memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
882 		dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
883 	} else {				/* shrink end of previous */
884 		dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
885 		dbuf->cur += llen;
886 	}
887 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
888 	memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
889 	dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
890 }
891 
892 /*
893  * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
894  */
895 static void
896 ffs_write_inode(struct dinode *ip, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
897 {
898 	struct dinode	ibuf[MAXINOPB];
899 	struct cg	*cgp;
900 	struct fs	*fs;
901 	int		cg, cgino;
902 	daddr_t		d;
903 	char		sbbuf[MAXBSIZE];
904 
905 	assert (ip != NULL);
906 	assert (ino > 0);
907 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
908 
909 	fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
910 	cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
911 	cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
912 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
913 		printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
914 		    ip, ino, cg, cgino);
915 
916 	ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
917 	    fsopts);
918 	cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
919 	if (!cg_chkmagic(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
920 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);
921 
922 	assert (isclr(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));
923 
924 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
925 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
926 		    ino);
927 	if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
928 		errx(1,
929 		    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
930 		    cg, ino);
931 	setbit(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
932 	ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
933 	fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
934 	fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
935 	if (S_ISDIR(ip->di_mode)) {
936 		ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
937 		fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
938 		fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++;
939 	}
940 	ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
941 	    fsopts);
942 
943 					/* now write inode */
944 	d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
945 	ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, ibuf, fsopts);
946 	if (fsopts->needswap)
947 		ffs_dinode_swap(ip, &ibuf[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
948 	else
949 		ibuf[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = *ip;
950 	ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, ibuf, fsopts);
951 }
952 
953 void
954 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
955 {
956 	va_list ap;
957 
958 	va_start(ap, fmt);
959 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
960 	va_end(ap);
961 	exit(1);
962 }
963