xref: /netbsd-src/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs.c (revision 4b896b232495b7a9b8b94a1cf1e21873296d53b8)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.28 2004/04/26 21:06:55 dsl Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
20  *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
21  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
22  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
23  *    written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
27  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
28  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
29  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
30  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
31  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
32  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
33  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
34  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
35  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 /*
38  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
39  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
40  *
41  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
42  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
43  * are met:
44  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
46  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
48  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
49  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
50  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
51  *    without specific prior written permission.
52  *
53  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
54  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
55  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
56  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
57  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
58  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
59  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
60  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
61  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
62  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
63  * SUCH DAMAGE.
64  *
65  *	@(#)ffs_alloc.c	8.19 (Berkeley) 7/13/95
66  */
67 
68 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
69 #if defined(__RCSID) && !defined(__lint)
70 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.28 2004/04/26 21:06:55 dsl Exp $");
71 #endif	/* !__lint */
72 
73 #include <sys/param.h>
74 #include <sys/mount.h>
75 
76 #include <assert.h>
77 #include <errno.h>
78 #include <fcntl.h>
79 #include <stdarg.h>
80 #include <stdio.h>
81 #include <stdlib.h>
82 #include <string.h>
83 #include <unistd.h>
84 
85 #include "makefs.h"
86 
87 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
88 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
89 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
90 #include <ufs/ufs/ufs_bswap.h>
91 
92 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
93 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
94 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
95 
96 #undef DIP
97 #define DIP(dp, field) \
98 	((fsopts->version == 1) ? \
99 	(dp)->ffs1_din.di_##field : (dp)->ffs2_din.di_##field)
100 
101 /*
102  * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
103  */
104 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE		1024		/* fragment size */
105 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE		8192		/* block size */
106 #define	DFL_SECSIZE		512		/* sector size */
107 #define	DFL_CYLSPERGROUP	65536		/* cylinders per group */
108 #define	DFL_FRAGSPERINODE	4		/* fragments per inode */
109 #define	DFL_ROTDELAY		0		/* rotational delay */
110 #define	DFL_NRPOS		1		/* rotational positions */
111 #define	DFL_RPM			3600		/* rpm of disk */
112 #define	DFL_NSECTORS		64		/* # of sectors */
113 #define	DFL_NTRACKS		16		/* # of tracks */
114 
115 
116 typedef struct {
117 	u_char		*buf;		/* buf for directory */
118 	doff_t		size;		/* full size of buf */
119 	doff_t		cur;		/* offset of current entry */
120 } dirbuf_t;
121 
122 
123 static	int	ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
124 static	void	ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
125 static	void	ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
126 static	void	ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
127 static	int	ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
128 static	void	ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
129 static	void	ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
130 static	void	ffs_write_file(union dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
131 static	void	ffs_write_inode(union dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
132 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
133 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
134 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
135 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
136 
137 
138 
139 int	sectorsize;		/* XXX: for buf.c::getblk() */
140 
141 	/* publically visible functions */
142 
143 int
144 ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
145 {
146 	option_t ffs_options[] = {
147 		{ "bsize",	&fsopts->bsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
148 					"block size" },
149 		{ "fsize",	&fsopts->fsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
150 					"fragment size" },
151 		{ "density",	&fsopts->density,	1,	INT_MAX,
152 					"bytes per inode" },
153 		{ "minfree",	&fsopts->minfree,	0,	99,
154 					"minfree" },
155 		{ "maxbpf",	&fsopts->maxbpg,	1,	INT_MAX,
156 					"max blocks per file in a cg" },
157 		{ "avgfilesize", &fsopts->avgfilesize,	1,	INT_MAX,
158 					"expected average file size" },
159 		{ "avgfpdir",	&fsopts->avgfpdir,	1,	INT_MAX,
160 					"expected # of files per directory" },
161 		{ "extent",	&fsopts->maxbsize,	1,	INT_MAX,
162 					"maximum # extent size" },
163 		{ "maxbpcg",	&fsopts->maxblkspercg,	1,	INT_MAX,
164 					"max # of blocks per group" },
165 		{ "version",	&fsopts->version,	1,	2,
166 					"UFS version" },
167 		{ NULL }
168 	};
169 
170 	char	*var, *val;
171 	int	rv;
172 
173 	(void)&ffs_options;
174 	assert(option != NULL);
175 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
176 
177 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
178 		printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);
179 
180 	if ((var = strdup(option)) == NULL)
181 		err(1, "Allocating memory for copy of option string");
182 	rv = 0;
183 
184 	if ((val = strchr(var, '=')) == NULL) {
185 		warnx("Option `%s' doesn't contain a value", var);
186 		goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
187 	}
188 	*val++ = '\0';
189 
190 	if (strcmp(var, "optimization") == 0) {
191 		if (strcmp(val, "time") == 0) {
192 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
193 		} else if (strcmp(val, "space") == 0) {
194 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
195 		} else {
196 			warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", val);
197 			goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
198 		}
199 		rv = 1;
200 	} else
201 		rv = set_option(ffs_options, var, val);
202 
203  leave_ffs_parse_opts:
204 	if (var)
205 		free(var);
206 	return (rv);
207 }
208 
209 
210 void
211 ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
212 {
213 	struct fs	*superblock;
214 	struct timeval	start;
215 
216 	assert(image != NULL);
217 	assert(dir != NULL);
218 	assert(root != NULL);
219 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
220 
221 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
222 		printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
223 		    image, dir, root);
224 
225 		/* validate tree and options */
226 	TIMER_START(start);
227 	ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
228 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");
229 
230 	printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
231 	    image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
232 
233 		/* create image */
234 	TIMER_START(start);
235 	if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
236 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
237 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");
238 
239 	fsopts->curinode = ROOTINO;
240 
241 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
242 		putchar('\n');
243 
244 		/* populate image */
245 	printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
246 	TIMER_START(start);
247 	if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
248 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
249 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");
250 
251 		/* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
252 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
253 		bcleanup();
254 
255 		/* update various superblock parameters */
256 	superblock = fsopts->superblock;
257 	superblock->fs_fmod = 0;
258 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir   = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
259 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
260 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
261 	superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
262 
263 		/* write out superblock; image is now complete */
264 	ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
265 	if (close(fsopts->fd) == -1)
266 		err(1, "Closing `%s'", image);
267 	fsopts->fd = -1;
268 	printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
269 }
270 
271 	/* end of public functions */
272 
273 
274 static void
275 ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
276 {
277 	int32_t	ncg = 1;
278 #if notyet
279 	int32_t	spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
280 #endif
281 
282 	assert(dir != NULL);
283 	assert(root != NULL);
284 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
285 
286 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
287 		printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
288 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
289 	}
290 
291 		/* set FFS defaults */
292 	if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
293 		fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
294 	if (fsopts->fsize == -1)
295 		fsopts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
296 	if (fsopts->bsize == -1)
297 		fsopts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsopts->fsize);
298 	if (fsopts->cpg == -1)
299 		fsopts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
300 	else
301 		fsopts->cpgflg = 1;
302 				/* fsopts->density is set below */
303 	if (fsopts->nsectors == -1)
304 		fsopts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
305 	if (fsopts->minfree == -1)
306 		fsopts->minfree = MINFREE;
307 	if (fsopts->optimization == -1)
308 		fsopts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
309 	if (fsopts->maxcontig == -1)
310 		fsopts->maxcontig =
311 		    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / fsopts->bsize);
312 	/* XXX ondisk32 */
313 	if (fsopts->maxbpg == -1)
314 		fsopts->maxbpg = fsopts->bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
315 	if (fsopts->avgfilesize == -1)
316 		fsopts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
317 	if (fsopts->avgfpdir == -1)
318 		fsopts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;
319 
320 		/* calculate size of tree */
321 	ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
322 	fsopts->inodes += ROOTINO;		/* include first two inodes */
323 
324 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
325 		printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
326 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
327 
328 		/* add requested slop */
329 	fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
330 	fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
331 	if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
332 		fsopts->inodes =
333 		    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
334 	if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
335 		fsopts->size =
336 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;
337 
338 		/* add space needed for superblocks */
339 	/*
340 	 * The old SBOFF (SBLOCK_UFS1) is used here because makefs is
341 	 * typically used for small filesystems where space matters.
342 	 * XXX make this an option.
343 	 */
344 	fsopts->size += (SBLOCK_UFS1 + SBLOCKSIZE) * ncg;
345 		/* add space needed to store inodes, x3 for blockmaps, etc */
346 	if (fsopts->version == 1)
347 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE1_SIZE *
348 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg, fsopts->bsize / DINODE1_SIZE);
349 	else
350 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE2_SIZE *
351 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg, fsopts->bsize / DINODE2_SIZE);
352 
353 		/* add minfree */
354 	if (fsopts->minfree > 0)
355 		fsopts->size =
356 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->minfree) / 100;
357 	/*
358 	 * XXX	any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, bitmaps, etc ??
359 	 */
360 
361 	if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)	/* ensure meets minimum size */
362 		fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;
363 
364 		/* round up to the next block */
365 	fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, fsopts->bsize);
366 
367 		/* calculate density if necessary */
368 	if (fsopts->density == -1)
369 		fsopts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;
370 
371 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
372 		printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
373 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
374 		printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
375 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
376 	}
377 	sectorsize = fsopts->sectorsize;	/* XXX - see earlier */
378 
379 		/* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
380 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
381 		errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
382 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
383 	}
384 }
385 
386 
387 static void
388 ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
389 {
390 
391 	printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);
392 
393 	printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
394 	    (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);
395 
396 	printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
397 	    (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
398 	printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
399 	    (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
400 	printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
401 	    (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
402 	printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);
403 
404 	printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
405 	    f->bsize, f->fsize, f->cpg, f->density);
406 	printf("\tnsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
407 	    f->nsectors, f->rpm, f->minfree);
408 	printf("\tmaxcontig %d, maxbpg %d\n",
409 	    f->maxcontig, f->maxbpg);
410 	printf("\toptimization %s\n",
411 	    f->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
412 }
413 
414 
415 static int
416 ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
417 {
418 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE
419 	struct statvfs	sfs;
420 #endif
421 	struct fs	*fs;
422 	char	*buf;
423 	int	i, bufsize;
424 	off_t	bufrem;
425 
426 	assert (image != NULL);
427 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
428 
429 		/* create image */
430 	if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0777))
431 	    == -1) {
432 		warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
433 		return (-1);
434 	}
435 
436 		/* zero image */
437 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE
438 	if (fstatvfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
439 #endif
440 		bufsize = 8192;
441 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE
442 		warn("can't fstatvfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
443 		    image, bufsize);
444 	} else
445 		bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
446 #endif
447 	bufrem = fsopts->size;
448 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
449 		printf(
450 		    "zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, using %d byte chunks\n",
451 		    image, (long long)bufrem, bufsize);
452 	if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL) {
453 		warn("Can't create buffer for sector");
454 		return (-1);
455 	}
456 	while (bufrem > 0) {
457 		i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
458 		if (i == -1) {
459 			warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
460 			    (long long)bufrem);
461 			return (-1);
462 		}
463 		bufrem -= i;
464 	}
465 
466 		/* make the file system */
467 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
468 		printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);
469 	fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts);
470 	fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
471 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
472 		time_t t;
473 
474 		t = (time_t)((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
475 		printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
476 		    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
477 		printf("fs totals: nbfree %lld, nffree %lld, nifree %lld, ndir %lld\n",
478 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree,
479 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree,
480 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
481 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir);
482 	}
483 
484 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + ROOTINO < fsopts->inodes) {
485 		warnx(
486 		"Image file `%s' has %lld free inodes; %lld are required.",
487 		    image,
488 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + ROOTINO,
489 		    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
490 		return (-1);
491 	}
492 	return (fsopts->fd);
493 }
494 
495 
496 static void
497 ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
498 {
499 	struct direct	tmpdir;
500 	fsnode *	node;
501 	int		curdirsize, this;
502 
503 	/* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
504 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
505 
506 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
507 		printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
508 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
509 
510 #define	ADDDIRENT(e) do {						\
511 	tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));					\
512 	this = DIRSIZ(0, &tmpdir, 0);					\
513 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
514 		printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
515 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
516 	if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))		\
517 		curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);		\
518 	curdirsize += this;						\
519 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
520 		printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
521 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
522 } while (0);
523 
524 	/*
525 	 * XXX	this needs to take into account extra space consumed
526 	 *	by indirect blocks, etc.
527 	 */
528 #define	ADDSIZE(x) do {							\
529 	fsopts->size += roundup((x), fsopts->fsize);			\
530 } while (0);
531 
532 	curdirsize = 0;
533 	for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
534 		ADDDIRENT(node->name);
535 		if (FSNODE_EXCLUDE_P(fsopts, node))
536 			continue;
537 		if (node == root) {			/* we're at "." */
538 			assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
539 			ADDDIRENT("..");
540 		} else if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
541 				/* don't count duplicate names */
542 			node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
543 			if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE)
544 				printf("ffs_size_dir: `%s' size %lld\n",
545 				    node->name,
546 				    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
547 			fsopts->inodes++;
548 			if (node->type == S_IFREG)
549 				ADDSIZE(node->inode->st.st_size);
550 			if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
551 				int	slen;
552 
553 				slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
554 				if (slen >= (fsopts->version == 1 ?
555 						MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1 :
556 						MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS2))
557 					ADDSIZE(slen);
558 			}
559 		}
560 		if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
561 			ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
562 	}
563 	ADDSIZE(curdirsize);
564 
565 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
566 		printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
567 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
568 }
569 
570 static void *
571 ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
572 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
573 {
574 	int slen;
575 	void *membuf;
576 
577 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
578 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
579 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
580 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
581 	dinp->di_atime = cur->inode->st.st_atime;
582 	dinp->di_mtime = cur->inode->st.st_mtime;
583 	dinp->di_ctime = cur->inode->st.st_ctime;
584 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
585 	dinp->di_atimensec = cur->inode->st.st_atimensec;
586 	dinp->di_mtimensec = cur->inode->st.st_mtimensec;
587 	dinp->di_ctimensec = cur->inode->st.st_ctimensec;
588 #endif
589 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
590 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
591 #endif
592 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
593 	dinp->di_gen = cur->inode->st.st_gen;
594 #endif
595 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
596 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
597 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
598 
599 	membuf = NULL;
600 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
601 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
602 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
603 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
604 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
605 		dinp->di_rdev =
606 		    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
607 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
608 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
609 		if (slen < MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1) {	/* short link */
610 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
611 		} else
612 			membuf = cur->symlink;
613 		dinp->di_size = slen;
614 	}
615 	return membuf;
616 }
617 
618 static void *
619 ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
620 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
621 {
622 	int slen;
623 	void *membuf;
624 
625 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
626 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
627 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
628 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
629 	dinp->di_atime = cur->inode->st.st_atime;
630 	dinp->di_mtime = cur->inode->st.st_mtime;
631 	dinp->di_ctime = cur->inode->st.st_ctime;
632 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
633 	dinp->di_atimensec = cur->inode->st.st_atimensec;
634 	dinp->di_mtimensec = cur->inode->st.st_mtimensec;
635 	dinp->di_ctimensec = cur->inode->st.st_ctimensec;
636 #endif
637 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
638 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
639 #endif
640 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
641 	dinp->di_gen = cur->inode->st.st_gen;
642 #endif
643 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
644 	dinp->di_birthtime = cur->inode->st.st_birthtime;
645 	dinp->di_birthnsec = cur->inode->st.st_birthtimensec;
646 #endif
647 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
648 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
649 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
650 
651 	membuf = NULL;
652 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
653 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
654 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
655 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
656 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
657 		dinp->di_rdev =
658 		    ufs_rw64(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
659 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
660 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
661 		if (slen < MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS2) {	/* short link */
662 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
663 		} else
664 			membuf = cur->symlink;
665 		dinp->di_size = slen;
666 	}
667 	return membuf;
668 }
669 
670 static int
671 ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
672 {
673 	fsnode		*cur;
674 	dirbuf_t	dirbuf;
675 	union dinode	din;
676 	void		*membuf;
677 	char		path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
678 
679 	assert(dir != NULL);
680 	assert(root != NULL);
681 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
682 
683 	(void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));
684 
685 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
686 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);
687 
688 		/*
689 		 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
690 		 */
691 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
692 		if (FSNODE_EXCLUDE_P(fsopts, cur))
693 			continue;
694 		if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
695 			cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
696 			if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
697 				cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
698 			else {
699 				cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
700 				fsopts->curinode++;
701 			}
702 		}
703 		ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
704 		if (cur == root) {		/* we're at "."; add ".." */
705 			ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
706 			    cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
707 			    fsopts->needswap);
708 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my parent's link */
709 		} else if (cur->child != NULL)
710 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my child's link */
711 
712 		/*
713 		 * XXX	possibly write file and long symlinks here,
714 		 *	ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
715 		 *	otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
716 		 *	cares about ordering? :-)
717 		 */
718 	}
719 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
720 		ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);
721 
722 		/*
723 		 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
724 		 */
725 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
726 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
727 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
728 		if (FSNODE_EXCLUDE_P(fsopts, cur))
729 			continue;
730 		if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
731 			continue;		/* skip hard-linked entries */
732 		cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;
733 
734 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
735 		    >= sizeof(path))
736 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
737 
738 		if (cur->child != NULL)
739 			continue;		/* child creates own inode */
740 
741 				/* build on-disk inode */
742 		if (fsopts->version == 1)
743 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode1(&din.ffs1_din, &dirbuf, cur,
744 			    root, fsopts);
745 		else
746 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode2(&din.ffs2_din, &dirbuf, cur,
747 			    root, fsopts);
748 
749 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
750 			printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
751 			    cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
752 			if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
753 				printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
754 			putchar('\n');
755 		}
756 
757 		if (membuf != NULL) {
758 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
759 		} else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
760 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, path, fsopts);
761 		} else {
762 			assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
763 			ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
764 		}
765 	}
766 
767 		/*
768 		 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
769 		 */
770 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
771 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
772 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
773 		if (FSNODE_EXCLUDE_P(fsopts, cur))
774 			continue;
775 		if (cur->child == NULL)
776 			continue;
777 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
778 		    >= sizeof(path))
779 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
780 		if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
781 			return (0);
782 	}
783 
784 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
785 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);
786 
787 		/* cleanup */
788 	if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
789 		free(dirbuf.buf);
790 	return (1);
791 }
792 
793 
794 static void
795 ffs_write_file(union dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
796 {
797 	int 	isfile, ffd;
798 	char	*fbuf, *p;
799 	off_t	bufleft, chunk, offset;
800 	struct inode	in;
801 	struct buf *	bp;
802 
803 	assert (din != NULL);
804 	assert (buf != NULL);
805 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
806 
807 	isfile = S_ISREG(DIP(din, mode));
808 	fbuf = NULL;
809 	ffd = -1;
810 
811 	in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
812 
813 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
814 		printf(
815 		    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
816 		    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
817 		    (long long)DIP(din, size));
818 		if (isfile)
819 			printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
820 		else
821 			printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
822 	}
823 
824 	in.i_number = ino;
825 	in.i_size = DIP(din, size);
826 	if (fsopts->version == 1)
827 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs1_din, &din->ffs1_din,
828 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs1_din));
829 	else
830 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs2_din, &din->ffs2_din,
831 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs2_din));
832 	in.i_fd = fsopts->fd;
833 
834 	if (DIP(din, size) == 0)
835 		goto write_inode_and_leave;		/* mmm, cheating */
836 
837 	if (isfile) {
838 		if ((fbuf = malloc(fsopts->bsize)) == NULL)
839 			err(1, "Allocating memory for write buffer");
840 		if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY, 0444)) == -1) {
841 			warn("Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
842 			goto leave_ffs_write_file;
843 		}
844 	} else {
845 		p = buf;
846 	}
847 
848 	chunk = 0;
849 	for (bufleft = DIP(din, size); bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
850 		chunk = MIN(bufleft, fsopts->bsize);
851 		if (isfile) {
852 			if (read(ffd, fbuf, chunk) != chunk)
853 				err(1, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
854 				    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
855 			p = fbuf;
856 		}
857 		offset = DIP(din, size) - bufleft;
858 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
859 			printf(
860 		"ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
861 			    p, (long long)offset,
862 			    (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
863 	/*
864 	 * XXX	if holey support is desired, do the check here
865 	 *
866 	 * XXX	might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
867 	 *	sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
868 	 */
869 		errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
870  bad_ffs_write_file:
871 		if (errno != 0)
872 			err(1,
873 			    "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
874 			    ino,
875 			    isfile ? (char *)buf :
876 			      inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
877 			    (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
878 		memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
879 		errno = bwrite(bp);
880 		if (errno != 0)
881 			goto bad_ffs_write_file;
882 		brelse(bp);
883 		if (!isfile)
884 			p += chunk;
885 	}
886 
887  write_inode_and_leave:
888 	ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
889 
890  leave_ffs_write_file:
891 	if (fbuf)
892 		free(fbuf);
893 	if (ffd != -1)
894 		close(ffd);
895 }
896 
897 
898 static void
899 ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
900 {
901 	doff_t		i;
902 	struct direct	*de;
903 	uint16_t	reclen;
904 
905 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
906 	assert (dir != NULL);
907 	printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
908 	    dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);
909 
910 	for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
911 		de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
912 		reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
913 		printf(
914 	    " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
915 		    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
916 		    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
917 		    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
918 		i += reclen;
919 		assert(reclen > 0);
920 	}
921 }
922 
923 static void
924 ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
925 {
926 	struct direct	de, *dp;
927 	uint16_t	llen, reclen;
928 	char		*newbuf;
929 
930 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
931 	assert (name != NULL);
932 	assert (node != NULL);
933 					/* create direct entry */
934 	(void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
935 	de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
936 	de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
937 	de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
938 	strcpy(de.d_name, name);
939 	reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &de, needswap);
940 	de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);
941 
942 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
943 	llen = 0;
944 	if (dp != NULL)
945 		llen = DIRSIZ(0, dp, needswap);
946 
947 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
948 		printf(
949 		    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
950 		    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
951 		    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
952 		    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
953 		    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);
954 
955 	if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
956 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
957 			printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
958 			    dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ);
959 		if ((newbuf = realloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ)) == NULL)
960 			err(1, "Allocating memory for directory buffer");
961 		dbuf->buf = newbuf;
962 		dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;
963 		memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
964 		dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
965 	} else {				/* shrink end of previous */
966 		dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
967 		dbuf->cur += llen;
968 	}
969 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
970 	memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
971 	dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
972 }
973 
974 /*
975  * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
976  */
977 static void
978 ffs_write_inode(union dinode *dp, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
979 {
980 	char 		*buf;
981 	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
982 	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2, *dip;
983 	struct cg	*cgp;
984 	struct fs	*fs;
985 	int		cg, cgino, i;
986 	daddr_t		d;
987 	char		sbbuf[MAXBSIZE];
988 	int32_t		initediblk;
989 
990 	assert (dp != NULL);
991 	assert (ino > 0);
992 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
993 
994 	fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
995 	cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
996 	cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
997 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
998 		printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
999 		    dp, ino, cg, cgino);
1000 
1001 	ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1002 	    fsopts);
1003 	cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
1004 	if (!cg_chkmagic(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
1005 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);
1006 
1007 	assert (isclr(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));
1008 
1009 	buf = malloc(fs->fs_bsize);
1010 	if (buf == NULL)
1011 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: can't alloc inode block", cg);
1012 
1013 	dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)buf;
1014 	dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1015 
1016 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
1017 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
1018 		    ino);
1019 	if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
1020 		errx(1,
1021 		    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
1022 		    cg, ino);
1023 	setbit(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
1024 	ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
1025 	fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1026 	fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
1027 	if (S_ISDIR(DIP(dp, mode))) {
1028 		ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
1029 		fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
1030 		fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++;
1031 	}
1032 
1033 	/*
1034 	 * Initialize inode blocks on the fly for UFS2.
1035 	 */
1036 	initediblk = ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1037 	if (fsopts->version == 2 && cgino + INOPB(fs) > initediblk &&
1038 	    initediblk < ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_niblk, fsopts->needswap)) {
1039 		memset(buf, 0, fs->fs_bsize);
1040 		dip = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1041 		srandom(time(NULL));
1042 		for (i = 0; i < INOPB(fs); i++) {
1043 			dip->di_gen = random() / 2 + 1;
1044 			dip++;
1045 		}
1046 		ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs,
1047 				  cg * fs->fs_ipg + initediblk)),
1048 		    fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1049 		initediblk += INOPB(fs);
1050 		cgp->cg_initediblk = ufs_rw32(initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1051 	}
1052 
1053 
1054 	ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1055 	    fsopts);
1056 
1057 					/* now write inode */
1058 	d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
1059 	ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1060 	if (fsopts->needswap) {
1061 		if (fsopts->version == 1)
1062 			ffs_dinode1_swap(&dp->ffs1_din,
1063 			    &dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1064 		else
1065 			ffs_dinode2_swap(&dp->ffs2_din,
1066 			    &dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1067 	} else {
1068 		if (fsopts->version == 1)
1069 			dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs1_din;
1070 		else
1071 			dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs2_din;
1072 	}
1073 	ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1074 	free(buf);
1075 }
1076 
1077 void
1078 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
1079 {
1080 	va_list ap;
1081 
1082 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1083 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
1084 	va_end(ap);
1085 	exit(1);
1086 }
1087