xref: /netbsd-src/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs.c (revision 001c68bd94f75ce9270b69227c4199fbf34ee396)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.19 2003/04/02 10:39:48 fvdl Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
20  *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
21  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
22  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
23  *    written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
27  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
28  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
29  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
30  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
31  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
32  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
33  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
34  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
35  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 /*
38  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
39  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
40  *
41  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
42  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
43  * are met:
44  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
46  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
48  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
49  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
50  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
51  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
52  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
53  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
54  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
55  *    without specific prior written permission.
56  *
57  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
58  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
59  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
60  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
61  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
62  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
63  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
64  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
65  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
66  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
67  * SUCH DAMAGE.
68  *
69  *	@(#)ffs_alloc.c	8.19 (Berkeley) 7/13/95
70  */
71 
72 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
73 #if defined(__RCSID) && !defined(__lint)
74 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.19 2003/04/02 10:39:48 fvdl Exp $");
75 #endif	/* !__lint */
76 
77 #include <sys/param.h>
78 #include <sys/mount.h>
79 
80 #include <assert.h>
81 #include <errno.h>
82 #include <fcntl.h>
83 #include <stdarg.h>
84 #include <stdio.h>
85 #include <stdlib.h>
86 #include <string.h>
87 #include <unistd.h>
88 
89 #include "makefs.h"
90 
91 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
92 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
93 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
94 #include <ufs/ufs/ufs_bswap.h>
95 
96 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
97 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
98 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
99 
100 #undef DIP
101 #define DIP(dp, field) \
102 	((fsopts->version == 1) ? \
103 	(dp)->ffs1_din.di_##field : (dp)->ffs2_din.di_##field)
104 
105 /*
106  * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
107  */
108 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE		1024		/* fragment size */
109 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE		8192		/* block size */
110 #define	DFL_SECSIZE		512		/* sector size */
111 #define	DFL_CYLSPERGROUP	65536		/* cylinders per group */
112 #define	DFL_FRAGSPERINODE	4		/* fragments per inode */
113 #define	DFL_ROTDELAY		0		/* rotational delay */
114 #define	DFL_NRPOS		1		/* rotational positions */
115 #define	DFL_RPM			3600		/* rpm of disk */
116 #define	DFL_NSECTORS		64		/* # of sectors */
117 #define	DFL_NTRACKS		16		/* # of tracks */
118 
119 
120 typedef struct {
121 	u_char		*buf;		/* buf for directory */
122 	doff_t		size;		/* full size of buf */
123 	doff_t		cur;		/* offset of current entry */
124 } dirbuf_t;
125 
126 
127 static	int	ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
128 static	void	ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
129 static	void	ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
130 static	void	ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
131 static	int	ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
132 static	void	ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
133 static	void	ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
134 static	void	ffs_write_file(union dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
135 static	void	ffs_write_inode(union dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
136 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
137 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
138 static  void	*ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
139 				 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
140 
141 
142 
143 int	sectorsize;		/* XXX: for buf.c::getblk() */
144 
145 	/* publically visible functions */
146 
147 int
148 ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
149 {
150 	option_t ffs_options[] = {
151 		{ "bsize",	&fsopts->bsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
152 					"block size" },
153 		{ "fsize",	&fsopts->fsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
154 					"fragment size" },
155 		{ "density",	&fsopts->density,	1,	INT_MAX,
156 					"bytes per inode" },
157 		{ "minfree",	&fsopts->minfree,	0,	99,
158 					"minfree" },
159 		{ "maxbpf",	&fsopts->maxbpg,	1,	INT_MAX,
160 					"max blocks per file in a cg" },
161 		{ "avgfilesize", &fsopts->avgfilesize,	1,	INT_MAX,
162 					"expected average file size" },
163 		{ "avgfpdir",	&fsopts->avgfpdir,	1,	INT_MAX,
164 					"expected # of files per directory" },
165 		{ "extent",	&fsopts->maxbsize,	1,	INT_MAX,
166 					"maximum # extent size" },
167 		{ "maxbpcg",	&fsopts->maxblkspercg,	1,	INT_MAX,
168 					"max # of blocks per group" },
169 		{ "version",	&fsopts->version,	1,	2,
170 					"UFS version" },
171 		{ NULL }
172 	};
173 
174 	char	*var, *val;
175 	int	rv;
176 
177 	(void)&ffs_options;
178 	assert(option != NULL);
179 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
180 
181 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
182 		printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);
183 
184 	if ((var = strdup(option)) == NULL)
185 		err(1, "Allocating memory for copy of option string");
186 	rv = 0;
187 
188 	if ((val = strchr(var, '=')) == NULL) {
189 		warnx("Option `%s' doesn't contain a value", var);
190 		goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
191 	}
192 	*val++ = '\0';
193 
194 	if (strcmp(var, "optimization") == 0) {
195 		if (strcmp(val, "time") == 0) {
196 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
197 		} else if (strcmp(val, "space") == 0) {
198 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
199 		} else {
200 			warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", val);
201 			goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
202 		}
203 		rv = 1;
204 	} else
205 		rv = set_option(ffs_options, var, val);
206 
207  leave_ffs_parse_opts:
208 	if (var)
209 		free(var);
210 	return (rv);
211 }
212 
213 
214 void
215 ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
216 {
217 	struct timeval start;
218 
219 	assert(image != NULL);
220 	assert(dir != NULL);
221 	assert(root != NULL);
222 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
223 
224 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
225 		printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
226 		    image, dir, root);
227 
228 		/* validate tree and options */
229 	TIMER_START(start);
230 	ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
231 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");
232 
233 	printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
234 	    image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
235 
236 		/* create image */
237 	TIMER_START(start);
238 	if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
239 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
240 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");
241 
242 	fsopts->curinode = ROOTINO;
243 
244 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
245 		putchar('\n');
246 
247 		/* populate image */
248 	printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
249 	TIMER_START(start);
250 	if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
251 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
252 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");
253 
254 		/* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
255 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
256 		bcleanup();
257 
258 		/* write out superblock; image is now complete */
259 
260 	((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_fmod = 0;
261 	ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
262 	if (close(fsopts->fd) == -1)
263 		err(1, "Closing `%s'", image);
264 	fsopts->fd = -1;
265 	printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
266 }
267 
268 	/* end of public functions */
269 
270 
271 static void
272 ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
273 {
274 	int32_t	ncg = 1;
275 #if notyet
276 	int32_t	spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
277 #endif
278 
279 	assert(dir != NULL);
280 	assert(root != NULL);
281 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
282 
283 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
284 		printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
285 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
286 	}
287 
288 		/* set FFS defaults */
289 	if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
290 		fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
291 	if (fsopts->fsize == -1)
292 		fsopts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
293 	if (fsopts->bsize == -1)
294 		fsopts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsopts->fsize);
295 	if (fsopts->cpg == -1)
296 		fsopts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
297 	else
298 		fsopts->cpgflg = 1;
299 				/* fsopts->density is set below */
300 	if (fsopts->nsectors == -1)
301 		fsopts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
302 	if (fsopts->minfree == -1)
303 		fsopts->minfree = MINFREE;
304 	if (fsopts->optimization == -1)
305 		fsopts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
306 	if (fsopts->maxcontig == -1)
307 		fsopts->maxcontig =
308 		    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / fsopts->bsize);
309 	/* XXX ondisk32 */
310 	if (fsopts->maxbpg == -1)
311 		fsopts->maxbpg = fsopts->bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
312 	if (fsopts->avgfilesize == -1)
313 		fsopts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
314 	if (fsopts->avgfpdir == -1)
315 		fsopts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;
316 
317 		/* calculate size of tree */
318 	ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
319 	fsopts->inodes += ROOTINO;		/* include first two inodes */
320 
321 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
322 		printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
323 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
324 
325 		/* add requested slop */
326 	fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
327 	fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
328 	if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
329 		fsopts->inodes =
330 		    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
331 	if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
332 		fsopts->size =
333 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;
334 
335 		/* add space needed for superblocks */
336 	/*
337 	 * The old SBOFF (SBLOCK_UFS1) is used here because makefs is
338 	 * typically used for small filesystems where space matters.
339 	 * XXX make this an option.
340 	 */
341 	fsopts->size += (SBLOCK_UFS1 + SBLOCKSIZE) * ncg;
342 		/* add space needed to store inodes, x3 for blockmaps, etc */
343 	if (fsopts->version == 1)
344 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE1_SIZE * 3 *
345 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg, fsopts->bsize / DINODE1_SIZE);
346 	else
347 		fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE2_SIZE * 3 *
348 		    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg, fsopts->bsize / DINODE2_SIZE);
349 
350 		/* add minfree */
351 	if (fsopts->minfree > 0)
352 		fsopts->size =
353 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->minfree) / 100;
354 	/*
355 	 * XXX	any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, etc ??
356 	 */
357 
358 	if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)	/* ensure meets minimum size */
359 		fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;
360 
361 		/* round up to the next block */
362 	fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, fsopts->bsize);
363 
364 		/* calculate density if necessary */
365 	if (fsopts->density == -1)
366 		fsopts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;
367 
368 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
369 		printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
370 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
371 		printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
372 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
373 	}
374 	sectorsize = fsopts->sectorsize;	/* XXX - see earlier */
375 
376 		/* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
377 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
378 		errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
379 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
380 	}
381 }
382 
383 
384 static void
385 ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
386 {
387 
388 	printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);
389 
390 	printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
391 	    (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);
392 
393 	printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
394 	    (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
395 	printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
396 	    (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
397 	printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
398 	    (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
399 	printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);
400 
401 	printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
402 	    f->bsize, f->fsize, f->cpg, f->density);
403 	printf("\tnsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
404 	    f->nsectors, f->rpm, f->minfree);
405 	printf("\tmaxcontig %d, maxbpg %d\n",
406 	    f->maxcontig, f->maxbpg);
407 	printf("\toptimization %s\n",
408 	    f->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
409 }
410 
411 
412 static int
413 ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
414 {
415 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
416 	struct statfs	sfs;
417 #endif
418 	struct fs	*fs;
419 	char	*buf;
420 	int	i, bufsize;
421 	off_t	bufrem;
422 
423 	assert (image != NULL);
424 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
425 
426 		/* create image */
427 	if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0777))
428 	    == -1) {
429 		warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
430 		return (-1);
431 	}
432 
433 		/* zero image */
434 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
435 	if (fstatfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
436 #endif
437 		bufsize = 8192;
438 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
439 		warn("can't fstatfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
440 		    image, bufsize);
441 	} else
442 		bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
443 #endif
444 	bufrem = fsopts->size;
445 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
446 		printf(
447 		    "zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, using %d byte chunks\n",
448 		    image, (long long)bufrem, bufsize);
449 	if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL) {
450 		warn("Can't create buffer for sector");
451 		return (-1);
452 	}
453 	while (bufrem > 0) {
454 		i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
455 		if (i == -1) {
456 			warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
457 			    (long long)bufrem);
458 			return (-1);
459 		}
460 		bufrem -= i;
461 	}
462 
463 		/* make the file system */
464 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
465 		printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);
466 	fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts);
467 	fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
468 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
469 		time_t t;
470 
471 		t = (time_t)((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
472 		printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
473 		    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
474 		printf("fs totals: nbfree %lld, nffree %lld, nifree %lld, ndir %lld\n",
475 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree,
476 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree,
477 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
478 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir);
479 	}
480 
481 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree < fsopts->inodes) {
482 		warnx(
483 		"Image file `%s' has %lld free inodes; %lld are required.",
484 		    image,
485 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
486 		    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
487 		return (-1);
488 	}
489 	return (fsopts->fd);
490 }
491 
492 
493 static void
494 ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
495 {
496 	struct direct	tmpdir;
497 	fsnode *	node;
498 	int		curdirsize, this;
499 
500 	/* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
501 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
502 
503 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
504 		printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
505 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
506 
507 #define	ADDDIRENT(e) do {						\
508 	tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));					\
509 	this = DIRSIZ(0, &tmpdir, 0);					\
510 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
511 		printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
512 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
513 	if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))		\
514 		curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);		\
515 	curdirsize += this;						\
516 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
517 		printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
518 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
519 } while (0);
520 
521 	/*
522 	 * XXX	this needs to take into account extra space consumed
523 	 *	by indirect blocks, etc.
524 	 */
525 #define	ADDSIZE(x) do {							\
526 	fsopts->size += roundup((x), fsopts->fsize);			\
527 } while (0);
528 
529 	curdirsize = 0;
530 	for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
531 		ADDDIRENT(node->name);
532 		if (FSNODE_EXCLUDE_P(fsopts, node))
533 			continue;
534 		if (node == root) {			/* we're at "." */
535 			assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
536 			ADDDIRENT("..");
537 		} else if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
538 				/* don't count duplicate names */
539 			node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
540 			if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE)
541 				printf("ffs_size_dir: `%s' size %lld\n",
542 				    node->name,
543 				    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
544 			fsopts->inodes++;
545 			if (node->type == S_IFREG)
546 				ADDSIZE(node->inode->st.st_size);
547 			if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
548 				int	slen;
549 
550 				slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
551 				if (slen >= (fsopts->version == 1 ?
552 						MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1 :
553 						MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS2))
554 					ADDSIZE(slen);
555 			}
556 		}
557 		if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
558 			ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
559 	}
560 	ADDSIZE(curdirsize);
561 
562 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
563 		printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
564 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
565 }
566 
567 static void *
568 ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
569 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
570 {
571 	int slen;
572 	void *membuf;
573 
574 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
575 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
576 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
577 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
578 	dinp->di_atime = cur->inode->st.st_atime;
579 	dinp->di_mtime = cur->inode->st.st_mtime;
580 	dinp->di_ctime = cur->inode->st.st_ctime;
581 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
582 	dinp->di_atimensec = cur->inode->st.st_atimensec;
583 	dinp->di_mtimensec = cur->inode->st.st_mtimensec;
584 	dinp->di_ctimensec = cur->inode->st.st_ctimensec;
585 #endif
586 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
587 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
588 #endif
589 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
590 	dinp->di_gen = cur->inode->st.st_gen;
591 #endif
592 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
593 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
594 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
595 
596 	membuf = NULL;
597 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
598 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
599 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
600 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
601 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
602 		dinp->di_rdev =
603 		    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
604 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
605 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
606 		if (slen < MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1) {	/* short link */
607 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
608 		} else
609 			membuf = cur->symlink;
610 		dinp->di_size = slen;
611 	}
612 	return membuf;
613 }
614 
615 static void *
616 ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
617 		 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
618 {
619 	int slen;
620 	void *membuf;
621 
622 	memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
623 	dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
624 	dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
625 	dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
626 	dinp->di_atime = cur->inode->st.st_atime;
627 	dinp->di_mtime = cur->inode->st.st_mtime;
628 	dinp->di_ctime = cur->inode->st.st_ctime;
629 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
630 	dinp->di_atimensec = cur->inode->st.st_atimensec;
631 	dinp->di_mtimensec = cur->inode->st.st_mtimensec;
632 	dinp->di_ctimensec = cur->inode->st.st_ctimensec;
633 #endif
634 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
635 	dinp->di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
636 #endif
637 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
638 	dinp->di_gen = cur->inode->st.st_gen;
639 #endif
640 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
641 	dinp->di_birthtime = cur->inode->st.st_birthtime;
642 	dinp->di_birthnsec = cur->inode->st.st_birthtimensec;
643 #endif
644 	dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
645 	dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
646 		/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
647 
648 	membuf = NULL;
649 	if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
650 		membuf = dbufp->buf;
651 		dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
652 	} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
653 		dinp->di_size = 0;	/* a device */
654 		dinp->di_rdev =
655 		    ufs_rw64(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
656 	} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
657 		slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
658 		if (slen < MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS2) {	/* short link */
659 			memcpy(dinp->di_db, cur->symlink, slen);
660 		} else
661 			membuf = cur->symlink;
662 		dinp->di_size = slen;
663 	}
664 	return membuf;
665 }
666 
667 static int
668 ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
669 {
670 	fsnode		*cur;
671 	dirbuf_t	dirbuf;
672 	union dinode	din;
673 	void		*membuf;
674 	char		path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
675 
676 	assert(dir != NULL);
677 	assert(root != NULL);
678 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
679 
680 	(void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));
681 
682 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
683 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);
684 
685 		/*
686 		 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
687 		 */
688 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
689 		if (FSNODE_EXCLUDE_P(fsopts, cur))
690 			continue;
691 		if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
692 			cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
693 			if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
694 				cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
695 			else {
696 				cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
697 				fsopts->curinode++;
698 			}
699 		}
700 		ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
701 		if (cur == root) {		/* we're at "."; add ".." */
702 			ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
703 			    cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
704 			    fsopts->needswap);
705 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my parent's link */
706 		} else if (cur->child != NULL)
707 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my child's link */
708 
709 		/*
710 		 * XXX	possibly write file and long symlinks here,
711 		 *	ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
712 		 *	otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
713 		 *	cares about ordering? :-)
714 		 */
715 	}
716 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
717 		ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);
718 
719 		/*
720 		 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
721 		 */
722 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
723 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
724 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
725 		if (FSNODE_EXCLUDE_P(fsopts, cur))
726 			continue;
727 		if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
728 			continue;		/* skip hard-linked entries */
729 		cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;
730 
731 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
732 		    >= sizeof(path))
733 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
734 
735 		if (cur->child != NULL)
736 			continue;		/* child creates own inode */
737 
738 				/* build on-disk inode */
739 		if (fsopts->version == 1)
740 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode1(&din.ffs1_din, &dirbuf, cur,
741 			    root, fsopts);
742 		else
743 			membuf = ffs_build_dinode2(&din.ffs2_din, &dirbuf, cur,
744 			    root, fsopts);
745 
746 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
747 			printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
748 			    cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
749 			if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
750 				printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
751 			putchar('\n');
752 		}
753 
754 		if (membuf != NULL) {
755 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
756 		} else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
757 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, path, fsopts);
758 		} else {
759 			assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
760 			ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
761 		}
762 	}
763 
764 		/*
765 		 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
766 		 */
767 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
768 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
769 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
770 		if (FSNODE_EXCLUDE_P(fsopts, cur))
771 			continue;
772 		if (cur->child == NULL)
773 			continue;
774 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
775 		    >= sizeof(path))
776 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
777 		if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
778 			return (0);
779 	}
780 
781 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
782 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);
783 
784 		/* cleanup */
785 	if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
786 		free(dirbuf.buf);
787 	return (1);
788 }
789 
790 
791 static void
792 ffs_write_file(union dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
793 {
794 	int 	isfile, ffd;
795 	char	*fbuf, *p;
796 	off_t	bufleft, chunk, offset;
797 	struct inode	in;
798 	struct buf *	bp;
799 
800 	assert (din != NULL);
801 	assert (buf != NULL);
802 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
803 
804 	isfile = S_ISREG(DIP(din, mode));
805 	fbuf = NULL;
806 	ffd = -1;
807 
808 	in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
809 
810 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
811 		printf(
812 		    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
813 		    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
814 		    (long long)DIP(din, size));
815 		if (isfile)
816 			printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
817 		else
818 			printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
819 	}
820 
821 	in.i_number = ino;
822 	in.i_size = DIP(din, size);
823 	if (fsopts->version == 1)
824 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs1_din, &din->ffs1_din,
825 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs1_din));
826 	else
827 		memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs2_din, &din->ffs2_din,
828 		    sizeof(in.i_din.ffs2_din));
829 	in.i_fd = fsopts->fd;
830 
831 	if (DIP(din, size) == 0)
832 		goto write_inode_and_leave;		/* mmm, cheating */
833 
834 	if (isfile) {
835 		if ((fbuf = malloc(fsopts->bsize)) == NULL)
836 			err(1, "Allocating memory for write buffer");
837 		if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY, 0444)) == -1) {
838 			warn("Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
839 			goto leave_ffs_write_file;
840 		}
841 	} else {
842 		p = buf;
843 	}
844 
845 	chunk = 0;
846 	for (bufleft = DIP(din, size); bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
847 		chunk = MIN(bufleft, fsopts->bsize);
848 		if (isfile) {
849 			if (read(ffd, fbuf, chunk) != chunk)
850 				err(1, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
851 				    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
852 			p = fbuf;
853 		}
854 		offset = DIP(din, size) - bufleft;
855 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
856 			printf(
857 		"ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
858 			    p, (long long)offset,
859 			    (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
860 	/*
861 	 * XXX	if holey support is desired, do the check here
862 	 *
863 	 * XXX	might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
864 	 *	sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
865 	 */
866 		errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
867  bad_ffs_write_file:
868 		if (errno != 0)
869 			err(1,
870 			    "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
871 			    ino,
872 			    isfile ? (char *)buf :
873 			      inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
874 			    (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
875 		memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
876 		errno = bwrite(bp);
877 		if (errno != 0)
878 			goto bad_ffs_write_file;
879 		brelse(bp);
880 		if (!isfile)
881 			p += chunk;
882 	}
883 
884  write_inode_and_leave:
885 	ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
886 
887  leave_ffs_write_file:
888 	if (fbuf)
889 		free(fbuf);
890 	if (ffd != -1)
891 		close(ffd);
892 }
893 
894 
895 static void
896 ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
897 {
898 	doff_t		i;
899 	struct direct	*de;
900 	uint16_t	reclen;
901 
902 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
903 	assert (dir != NULL);
904 	printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
905 	    dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);
906 
907 	for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
908 		de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
909 		reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
910 		printf(
911 	    " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
912 		    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
913 		    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
914 		    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
915 		i += reclen;
916 		assert(reclen > 0);
917 	}
918 }
919 
920 static void
921 ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
922 {
923 	struct direct	de, *dp;
924 	uint16_t	llen, reclen;
925 
926 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
927 	assert (name != NULL);
928 	assert (node != NULL);
929 					/* create direct entry */
930 	(void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
931 	de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
932 	de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
933 	de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
934 	strcpy(de.d_name, name);
935 	reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &de, needswap);
936 	de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);
937 
938 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
939 	llen = 0;
940 	if (dp != NULL)
941 		llen = DIRSIZ(0, dp, needswap);
942 
943 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
944 		printf(
945 		    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
946 		    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
947 		    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
948 		    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
949 		    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);
950 
951 	if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
952 		dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;	/* need another chunk */
953 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
954 			printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
955 			    dbuf->size);
956 		if ((dbuf->buf = realloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size)) == NULL)
957 			err(1, "Allocating memory for directory buffer");
958 		memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
959 		dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
960 	} else {				/* shrink end of previous */
961 		dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
962 		dbuf->cur += llen;
963 	}
964 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
965 	memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
966 	dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
967 }
968 
969 /*
970  * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
971  */
972 static void
973 ffs_write_inode(union dinode *dp, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
974 {
975 	char 		*buf;
976 	struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
977 	struct ufs2_dinode *dp2, *dip;
978 	struct cg	*cgp;
979 	struct fs	*fs;
980 	int		cg, cgino, i;
981 	daddr_t		d;
982 	char		sbbuf[MAXBSIZE];
983 	int32_t		initediblk;
984 
985 	assert (dp != NULL);
986 	assert (ino > 0);
987 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
988 
989 	fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
990 	cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
991 	cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
992 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
993 		printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
994 		    dp, ino, cg, cgino);
995 
996 	ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
997 	    fsopts);
998 	cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
999 	if (!cg_chkmagic(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
1000 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);
1001 
1002 	assert (isclr(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));
1003 
1004 	buf = malloc(fs->fs_bsize);
1005 	if (buf == NULL)
1006 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: can't alloc inode block", cg);
1007 
1008 	dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)buf;
1009 	dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1010 
1011 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
1012 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
1013 		    ino);
1014 	if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
1015 		errx(1,
1016 		    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
1017 		    cg, ino);
1018 	setbit(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
1019 	ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
1020 	fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1021 	fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
1022 	if (S_ISDIR(DIP(dp, mode))) {
1023 		ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
1024 		fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
1025 		fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++;
1026 	}
1027 
1028 	/*
1029 	 * Initialize inode blocks on the fly for UFS2.
1030 	 */
1031 	initediblk = ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1032 	if (fsopts->version == 2 && cgino + INOPB(fs) > initediblk &&
1033 	    initediblk < ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_niblk, fsopts->needswap)) {
1034 		memset(buf, 0, fs->fs_bsize);
1035 		dip = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
1036 		srandom(time(NULL));
1037 		for (i = 0; i < INOPB(fs); i++) {
1038 			dip->di_gen = random() / 2 + 1;
1039 			dip++;
1040 		}
1041 		ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs,
1042 				  cg * fs->fs_ipg + initediblk)),
1043 		    fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1044 		initediblk += INOPB(fs);
1045 		cgp->cg_initediblk = ufs_rw32(initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
1046 	}
1047 
1048 
1049 	ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
1050 	    fsopts);
1051 
1052 					/* now write inode */
1053 	d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
1054 	ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1055 	if (fsopts->needswap) {
1056 		if (fsopts->version == 1)
1057 			ffs_dinode1_swap(&dp->ffs1_din,
1058 			    &dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1059 		else
1060 			ffs_dinode2_swap(&dp->ffs2_din,
1061 			    &dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
1062 	} else {
1063 		if (fsopts->version == 1)
1064 			dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs1_din;
1065 		else
1066 			dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->ffs2_din;
1067 	}
1068 	ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
1069 	free(buf);
1070 }
1071 
1072 void
1073 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
1074 {
1075 	va_list ap;
1076 
1077 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1078 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
1079 	va_end(ap);
1080 	exit(1);
1081 }
1082