1.\" $NetBSD: installboot.8,v 1.72 2008/10/12 16:02:45 apb Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2002-2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation 7.\" by Luke Mewburn of Wasabi Systems. 8.\" 9.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11.\" are met: 12.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 20.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 21.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 22.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 23.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 24.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 25.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 26.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 27.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 28.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.Dd October 12, 2008 31.Dt INSTALLBOOT 8 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm installboot 35.Nd install disk bootstrap software 36. 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Fl fnv 40.Op Fl B Ar s2bno 41.Op Fl b Ar s1bno 42.Op Fl m Ar machine 43.Op Fl o Ar options 44.Op Fl t Ar fstype 45.Ar filesystem 46.Ar primary 47.Op Ar secondary 48.Nm 49.Fl c 50.Op Fl fnv 51.Op Fl m Ar machine 52.Op Fl o Ar options 53.Op Fl t Ar fstype 54.Ar filesystem 55.Nm 56.Fl e 57.Op Fl fnv 58.Op Fl m Ar machine 59.Op Fl o Ar options 60.Ar bootstrap 61. 62.Sh DESCRIPTION 63The 64.Nm 65utility installs and removes 66.Nx 67disk bootstrap software into a file system. 68.Nm 69can install 70.Ar primary 71into 72.Ar filesystem , 73or disable an existing bootstrap in 74.Ar filesystem . 75.Pp 76One some architectures the options of an existing installed bootstrap, 77or those of a bootstrap file can be changed. 78.Pp 79Generally, 80.Nx 81disk bootstrap software consists of two parts: a 82.Dq primary 83bootstrap program usually written into the disklabel area of the 84file system by 85.Nm , 86and a 87.Dq secondary 88bootstrap program that usually resides as an ordinary file in the file system. 89.Pp 90When booting, the primary bootstrap program is loaded and invoked by 91the machine's PROM or BIOS. 92After receiving control of the system it loads and runs the secondary 93bootstrap program, which in turn loads and runs the kernel. 94The secondary bootstrap may allow control over various boot parameters 95passed to the kernel. 96.Pp 97Perform the following steps to make a file system bootable: 98.Bl -enum 99.It 100Copy the secondary bootstrap (usually 101.Pa /usr/mdec/boot. Ns Sy MACHINE 102or 103.Pa /usr/mdec/boot ) 104to the root directory of the target file system. 105.Pp 106. 107.It 108Use 109.Nm 110to install the primary bootstrap program 111(usually 112.Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ Ns Sy FSTYPE ) 113into 114.Ar filesystem . 115.Pp 116The following platforms do not require this step if the primary bootstrap 117already exists and the secondary bootstrap file is just being updated: 118.Sy alpha , 119.Sy amd64 , 120.Sy amiga , 121.Sy i386 , 122.Sy pmax , 123.Sy sparc64 , 124and 125.Sy vax . 126.Pp 127The following platform does not require the first step since a 128single bootstrap file is used. 129The single bootstrap is installed like the primary bootstrap on 130other platforms: 131.Sy next68k . 132.Pp 133.El 134.Pp 135The options and arguments recognized by 136.Nm 137are as follows: 138. 139.Bl -tag -width "optionsxxx" 140. 141.It Fl B Ar s2bno 142When hard-coding the blocks of 143.Ar secondary 144into 145.Ar primary , 146start from block 147.Ar s2bno 148instead of trying to determine the block numbers occupied by 149.Ar secondary 150by examining 151.Ar filesystem . 152If this option is supplied, 153.Ar secondary 154should refer to an actual secondary bootstrap (rather than the 155file name of the one present in 156.Ar filesystem ) 157so that its size can be determined. 158. 159.It Fl b Ar s1bno 160Install 161.Ar primary 162at block number 163.Ar s1bno 164instead of the default location for the machine and file system type. 165.Sy [ alpha , 166.Sy pmax , 167.Sy vax ] 168. 169.It Fl c 170Clear (remove) any existing bootstrap instead of installing one. 171. 172.It Fl e 173Edit the options of an existing bootstrap. 174This can be use to change the options in bootxx_xxxfs files, 175raw disk partitions, and the 176.Pa pxeboot_ia32.bin 177file. 178.Sy [ amd64 , i386 ] 179. 180.It Fl f 181Forces 182.Nm 183to ignore some errors. 184. 185.It Fl m Ar machine 186Use 187.Ar machine 188as the target machine type. 189The default machine is determined from 190.Xr uname 3 191and then 192.Ev MACHINE . 193The following machines are currently supported by 194.Nm : 195.Bd -ragged -offset indent 196.Sy alpha , 197.Sy amd64 , 198.Sy amiga , 199.Sy ews4800mips , 200.Sy hp300 , 201.Sy hp700 , 202.Sy i386 , 203.Sy landisk , 204.Sy macppc , 205.Sy news68k , 206.Sy newsmips , 207.Sy next68k , 208.Sy pmax , 209.Sy sparc , 210.Sy sparc64 , 211.Sy sun2 , 212.Sy sun3 , 213.Sy vax , 214.Sy x68k 215.Ed 216. 217. 218.It Fl n 219Do not write to 220.Ar filesystem . 221. 222.It Fl o Ar options 223Machine specific 224.Nm 225options, comma separated. 226.Pp 227Supported options are (with the machines for they are valid in brackets): 228. 229.Bl -tag -offset indent -width alphasum 230. 231.It Sy alphasum 232.Sy [ alpha ] 233Recalculate and restore the Alpha checksum. 234This is the default for 235.Nx Ns Tn /alpha . 236. 237.It Sy append 238.Sy [ alpha , 239.Sy pmax , 240.Sy vax ] 241Append 242.Ar primary 243to the end of 244.Ar filesystem , 245which must be a regular file in this case. 246. 247.It Sy command=\*[Lt]boot command\*[Gt] 248.Sy [ amiga ] 249Modify the default boot command line. 250. 251.It Sy console=\*[Lt]console name\*[Gt] 252.Sy [ amd64 , 253.Sy i386 ] 254Set the console device, \*[Lt]console name\*[Gt] must be one of: 255pc, com0, com1, com2, com3, com0kbd, com1kbd, com2kbd or com3kbd. 256. 257.It Sy ioaddr=\*[Lt]ioaddr\*[Gt] 258.Sy [ amd64 , 259.Sy i386 ] 260Set the IO address to be used for the console serial port. 261Defaults to the IO address used by the system BIOS for the specified port. 262. 263.It Sy keymap=\*[Lt]keymap\*[Gt] 264.Sy [ amd64 , 265.Sy i386 ] 266Set a boot time keyboard translation map. 267Each character in \*[Lt]keymap\*[Gt] will be replaced by the one following it. 268For example, an argument of 269.Dq zyz 270would swap the lowercase letters 271.Sq y 272and 273.Sq z . 274. 275.It Sy password=\*[Lt]password\*[Gt] 276.Sy [ amd64 , 277.Sy i386 ] 278Set the password which must be entered before the boot menu can be accessed. 279. 280.It Sy resetvideo 281.Sy [ amd64 , 282.Sy i386 ] 283Reset the video before booting. 284. 285.It Sy speed=\*[Lt]baud rate\*[Gt] 286.Sy [ amd64 , 287.Sy i386 ] 288Set the baud rate for the serial console. 289If a value of zero is specified, then the current baud rate (set by the 290BIOS) will be used. 291. 292.It Sy sunsum 293.Sy [ alpha , 294.Sy pmax , 295.Sy vax ] 296Recalculate and restore the Sun and 297.Nx Ns Tn /sparc 298compatible checksum. 299.Em Note : 300The existing 301.Nx Ns Tn /sparc 302disklabel should use no more than 4 partitions. 303. 304.It Sy timeout=\*[Lt]seconds\*[Gt] 305.Sy [ amd64 , 306.Sy i386 ] 307Set the timeout before the automatic boot begins to the given number of seconds. 308.El 309. 310.It Fl t Ar fstype 311Use 312.Ar fstype 313as the type of 314.Ar filesystem . 315The default operation is to attempt to auto-detect this setting. 316The following file system types are currently supported by 317.Nm : 318. 319.Bl -tag -offset indent -width raid 320. 321.It Sy ffs 322.Bx 323Fast File System. 324. 325.It Sy raid 326Mirrored RAIDframe File System. 327. 328.It Sy raw 329.Sq Raw 330image. 331Note: if a platform needs to hard-code the block offset of the secondary 332bootstrap, it cannot be searched for on this file system type, and must 333be provided with 334.Fl B Ar s2bno . 335.El 336. 337.It Fl v 338Verbose operation. 339. 340.It Ar filesystem 341The path name of the device or file system image that 342.Nm 343is to operate on. 344It is not necessary for 345.Ar filesystem 346to be a currently mounted file system. 347. 348.It Ar primary 349The path name of the 350.Dq primary 351boot block to install. 352The path name must refer to a file in a file system that is currently 353mounted. 354. 355.It Ar secondary 356The path name of the 357.Dq secondary 358boot block, relative to the root of 359the file system in the device or image specified by the 360.Ar filesystem 361argument. 362Note that this may refer to a file in a file system that is not mounted. 363Most systems require 364.Ar secondary 365to be in the 366.Dq root 367directory of the file system, so the leading 368.Dq Pa / 369is not necessary on 370.Ar secondary . 371.Pp 372Only certain combinations of 373platform 374.Pq Fl m Ar machine 375and file system type 376.Pq Fl t Ar fstype 377require that the name of the secondary bootstrap is 378supplied as 379.Ar secondary , 380so that information such as the disk block numbers occupied 381by the secondary bootstrap can be stored in the primary bootstrap. 382These are: 383.Bl -column "Platform" "File systems" -offset indent 384.It Sy "Platform" Ta Sy "File systems" 385.It macppc Ta ffs, raw 386.It news68k Ta ffs, raw 387.It newsmips Ta ffs, raw 388.It sparc Ta ffs, raid, raw 389.It sun2 Ta ffs, raw 390.It sun3 Ta ffs, raw 391.El 392.El 393.Pp 394.Nm 395exits 0 on success, and \*[Gt]0 if an error occurs. 396. 397.Sh ENVIRONMENT 398.Nm 399uses the following environment variables: 400. 401.Bl -tag -width "MACHINE" 402. 403.It Ev MACHINE 404Default value for 405.Ar machine , 406overriding the result from 407.Xr uname 3 . 408. 409.El 410. 411.Sh FILES 412Most 413.Nx 414ports will contain variations of the following files: 415.Pp 416.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs 417. 418.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ Ns Sy FSTYPE 419Primary bootstrap for file system type 420.Sy FSTYPE . 421Installed into the bootstrap area of the file system by 422.Nm . 423. 424.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_fat16 425Primary bootstrap for 426.Tn MS-DOS 427.Sy FAT16 428file systems. 429This differs from 430.Nm bootxx_msdos 431in that it doesn't require the filesystem to have been initialised with 432any 433.Ql reserved sectors . 434It also uses the information in the 435.Ql Boot Parameter Block 436to get the media and filesytem properties. 437. 438.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1 439Primary bootstrap for 440.Sy FFSv1 441file systems 442(the "traditional" 443.Nx 444file system). 445. 446.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv2 447Primary bootstrap for 448.Sy FFSv2 449file systems. 450. 451.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_lfsv1 452Primary bootstrap for 453.Sy LFSv1 454file systems. 455. 456.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_lfsv2 457Primary bootstrap for 458.Sy LFSv2 459file systems 460(the default LFS version). 461. 462.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_msdos 463Primary bootstrap for 464.Tn MS-DOS 465.Sy FAT 466file systems. 467. 468.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs 469Primary bootstrap for 470.Sy TARFS 471boot images. 472This is used by various install media. 473. 474.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot. Ns Sy MACHINE 475Secondary bootstrap for machine type 476.Sy MACHINE . 477This should be installed into the file system before 478.Nm 479is run. 480. 481.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot 482Synonym for 483.Pa /usr/mdec/boot. Ns Sy MACHINE 484. 485.It Pa /boot. Ns Sy MACHINE 486Installed copy of secondary bootstrap for machine type 487.Sy MACHINE . 488. 489.It Pa /boot 490Installed copy of secondary bootstrap. 491Searched for by the primary bootstrap if 492.Pa /boot. Ns Sy MACHINE 493is not found. 494. 495.El 496. 497.Ss Nx Ns Tn /macppc files 498. 499.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs 500. 501.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx 502.Nx Ns Tn /macppc 503primary bootstrap. 504. 505.It Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot 506.Nx Ns Tn /macppc 507secondary bootstrap. 508. 509.It Pa /ofwboot 510Installed copy of 511.Nx Ns Tn /macppc 512secondary bootstrap. 513. 514.El 515. 516.Ss Nx Ns Tn /next68k files 517. 518.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs 519. 520.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot 521.Nx Ns Tn /next68k 522bootstrap. 523. 524.El 525. 526.Ss Nx Ns Tn /sparc64 files 527. 528.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs 529. 530.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootblk 531.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64 532primary bootstrap. 533. 534.It Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot 535.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64 536secondary bootstrap. 537. 538.It Pa /ofwboot 539Installed copy of 540.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64 541secondary bootstrap. 542. 543.El 544. 545.Sh EXAMPLES 546. 547.Ss common 548Verbosely install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk 549.Sq sd0 : 550.Dl Ic installboot -v /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs 551Note: the 552.Dq whole disk 553partition (c on some ports, d on others) is used here, since the a partition 554probably is already opened (mounted as 555.Pa / ) , 556so 557.Nm 558would not be able to access it. 559.Pp 560Remove the primary bootstrap from disk 561.Sq sd1 : 562.Dl Ic installboot -c /dev/rsd1c 563. 564.Ss Nx Ns Tn /amiga 565Modify the command line to change the default from "netbsd -ASn2" to 566"netbsd -S": 567.Dl Ic installboot -m amiga -o command="netbsd -S" /dev/rsd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs 568. 569.Ss Nx Ns Tn /ews4800mips 570Install the System V Boot File System primary bootstrap on to disk 571.Sq sd0 , 572with the secondary bootstrap 573.Sq Pa /boot 574already present in the SysVBFS partition on the disk: 575.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx_bfs 576. 577.Ss Nx Ns Tn /i386 and Nx Ns Tn /amd64 578Install new boot blocks on an existing mounted root file system on 579.Sq wd0 , 580setting the timeout to five seconds, after copying a new secondary 581bootstrap: 582.Dl Ic cp /usr/mdec/boot /boot 583.Dl Ic installboot -v -o timeout=5 /dev/rwd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1 584. 585.Pp 586Create a bootable CD-ROM with an ISO9660 587file system for an i386 system with a serial console: 588.Dl Ic mkdir cdrom 589.Dl Ic cp sys/arch/i386/compile/mykernel/netbsd cdrom/netbsd 590.Dl Ic cp /usr/mdec/boot cdrom/boot 591.Dl Ic cp /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660 bootxx 592.Dl Ic installboot -o console=com0,speed=19200 -m i386 -e bootxx 593.Dl Ic makefs -t cd9660 -o 'bootimage=i386;bootxx,no-emul-boot' boot.iso \ 594 cdrom 595. 596.Pp 597Create a bootable floppy disk with an FFSv1 598file system for a small custom kernel (note: bigger kernels needing 599multiple disks are handled with the ustarfs file system): 600.Dl Ic newfs -s 1440k /dev/rfd0a 601.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two -compact 602.Em Note : 603Ignore the warnings that 604.Xr newfs 8 605displays; it can not write a disklabel, 606which is not a problem for a floppy disk. 607.Ed 608.Dl Ic mount /dev/fd0a /mnt 609.Dl Ic cp /usr/mdec/boot /mnt/boot 610.Dl Ic gzip -9 \*[Lt] sys/arch/i386/compile/mykernel/netbsd \*[Gt] /mnt/netbsd.gz 611.Dl Ic umount /mnt 612.Dl Ic installboot -v /dev/rfd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1 613. 614.Pp 615Create a bootable FAT file system on 616.Sq wd1a , 617which should have the same offset and size as a FAT primary partition 618in the Master Boot Record (MBR): 619.Dl Ic newfs_msdos -r 16 /dev/rwd1a 620.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two -compact 621.Em Notes : 622The 623.Fl r Ar 16 624is to reserve space for the primary bootstrap. 625.Xr newfs_msdos 8 626will display an 627.Dq MBR type 628such as 629.Ql 1 , 630.Ql 4 , 631or 632.Ql 6 ; 633the MBR partition type of the appropriate primary partition should be 634changed to this value. 635.Ed 636.Dl Ic mount -t msdos /dev/wd1a /mnt 637.Dl Ic cp /usr/mdec/boot /mnt/boot 638.Dl Ic cp path/to/kernel /mnt/netbsd 639.Dl Ic umount /mnt 640.Dl Ic installboot -t raw /dev/rwd1a /usr/mdec/bootxx_msdos 641.Pp 642Make the existing FAT16 filesystem on 643.Sq sd0e 644bootable. 645This can be used to make USB memory bootable provided it has 512 byte 646sectors and that the manufacturer correctly initialised the file system. 647.Dl Ic mount -t msdos /dev/sd0e /mnt 648.Dl Ic cp /usr/mdec/boot /mnt/boot 649.Dl Ic cp path/to/kernel /mnt/netbsd 650.Dl Ic umount /mnt 651.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0e /usr/mdec/bootxx_fat16 652It may also be necessary to use 653.Nm fdisk 654to make the device itself bootable. 655. 656.Pp 657Switch the existing installed bootstrap to use a serial console without 658reinstalling or altering other options such as timeout. 659.Dl Ic installboot -e -o console=com0 /dev/rwd0a 660.Ss Nx Ns Tn /macppc 661Note the 662.Nm 663utility is only required for macppc machines with OpenFirmware version 2 664to boot. 665OpenFirmware 3 cannot load bootblocks specified in the Apple partition 666map. 667.Pp 668Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk 669.Sq wd0 : 670.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rwd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx /ofwboot 671.Pp 672The secondary 673.Nx Ns Tn /macppc 674bootstrap is located in 675.Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot . 676.Pp 677The primary bootstrap requires the raw 678.Pa ofwboot 679for the secondary bootstrap, not 680.Pa ofwboot.xcf , 681which is used for the OpenFirmware to load kernels. 682.Ss Nx Ns Tn /next68k 683Install the bootstrap on to disk 684.Sq sd0 : 685.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/boot 686.Pp 687. 688.Ss Nx Ns Tn /pmax 689Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk 690.Sq sd0 : 691.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs 692.Pp 693.Nx Ns Tn /pmax 694requires that this file system starts at block 0 of the disk. 695.Pp 696Install the ISO 9660 primary bootstrap in the file 697.Pa /tmp/cd-image : 698.Dl Ic installboot -m pmax /tmp/cd-image /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660 699.Pp 700Make an ISO 9660 filesystem in the file 701.Pa /tmp/cd-image 702and install the ISO 9660 primary bootstrap in the filesystem, where the 703source directory for the ISO 9660 filesystem contains a kernel, the 704primary bootstrap 705.Pa bootxx_cd9660 706and the secondary bootstrap 707.Pa boot.pmax : 708.Dl Ic mkisofs -o /tmp/cd-image -a -l -v iso-source-dir 709.Dl ... 710.Dl 48 51 iso-source-dir/bootxx_cd9660 711.Dl ... 712.Dl Ic installboot -b `expr 48 \e* 4` /tmp/cd-image /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660 713. 714.Ss Nx Ns Tn /sparc 715Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk 716.Sq sd0 , 717with the secondary bootstrap 718.Sq Pa /boot 719already present: 720.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx /boot 721. 722.Ss Nx Ns Tn /sparc64 723Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk 724.Sq wd0 : 725.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rwd0c /usr/mdec/bootblk 726.Pp 727The secondary 728.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64 729bootstrap is located in 730.Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot . 731. 732.Ss Nx Ns Tn /sun2 and Nx Ns Tn /sun3 733Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk 734.Sq sd0 , 735with the secondary bootstrap 736.Sq Pa /boot 737already present: 738.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx /boot 739. 740.Sh SEE ALSO 741.Xr uname 3 , 742.Xr boot 8 , 743.Xr disklabel 8 , 744.Xr fdisk 8 , 745.Xr pxeboot 8 746. 747.Sh HISTORY 748This implementation of 749.Nm 750appeared in 751.Nx 1.6 . 752. 753.Sh AUTHORS 754The machine independent portion of this implementation of 755.Nm 756was written by Luke Mewburn. 757The following people contributed to the various machine dependent 758back-ends: 759Simon Burge (pmax), 760Chris Demetriou (alpha), 761Matthew Fredette (sun2, sun3), 762Matthew Green (sparc64), 763Ross Harvey (alpha), 764Michael Hitch (amiga), 765Paul Kranenburg (sparc), 766David Laight (i386), 767Christian Limpach (next68k), 768Luke Mewburn (macppc), 769Matt Thomas (vax), 770Izumi Tsutsui (news68k, newsmips), 771and 772UCHIYAMA Yasushi (ews4800mips). 773. 774.Sh BUGS 775There are not currently primary bootstraps to support all file systems 776types which are capable of being the root file system. 777.Pp 778If a disk has been converted from 779.Sy FFS 780to 781.Sy RAID 782without the contents of the disk erased, then the original 783.Sy FFS 784installation may be auto-detected instead of the 785.Sy RAID 786installation. 787In this case, the 788.Fl t Ar raid 789option must be provided. 790. 791.Ss Nx Ns Tn /alpha 792The 793.Nx Ns Tn /alpha 794primary bootstrap program can only load the secondary bootstrap program 795from file systems starting at the beginning (block 0) of disks. 796Similarly, the secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from 797file systems starting at the beginning of disks. 798.Pp 799The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even 800though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger 801ones. 802. 803.Ss Nx Ns Tn /hp300 804The disk must have a boot partition large enough to hold the bootstrap code. 805Currently the primary bootstrap must be a LIF format file. 806. 807.Ss Nx Ns Tn /i386 and Nx Ns Tn /amd64 808The bootstrap must be installed in the 809.Nx 810partition that starts at the beginning of the mbr partition. 811If that is a valid filesystem and contains the 812.Pa /boot 813program then it will be used as the root filesystem, otherwise the 814.Sq a 815partition will be booted. 816.Pp 817The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 8KB, even 818though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger 819ones. 820. 821.Ss Nx Ns Tn /macppc 822Due to restrictions in 823.Nm 824and the secondary bootstrap implementation, file systems where kernels exist 825must start at the beginning of disks. 826.Pp 827Currently, 828.Nm 829doesn't recognize an existing Apple partition map on the disk 830and always writes a faked map to make disks bootable. 831.Pp 832The 833.Nx Ns Tn /macppc 834bootstrap program can't load kernels from 835.Sy FFSv2 836partitions. 837.Ss Nx Ns Tn /next68k 838The size of bootstrap programs is restricted to the free space before 839the file system at the beginning of the disk minus 8KB. 840. 841.Ss Nx Ns Tn /pmax 842The 843.Nx Ns Tn /pmax 844secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from file 845systems starting at the beginning of disks. 846.Pp 847The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even 848though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger 849ones. 850. 851.Ss Nx Ns Tn /sun2 and Nx Ns Tn /sun3 852The 853.Nx Ns Tn /sun2 854and 855.Nx Ns Tn /sun3 856secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from file 857systems starting at the beginning of disks. 858. 859.Ss Nx Ns Tn /vax 860The 861.Nx Ns Tn /vax 862secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from file systems 863starting at the beginning of disks. 864.Pp 865The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even 866though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger 867ones. 868