xref: /netbsd-src/usr.sbin/cpuctl/arch/i386.c (revision b1c86f5f087524e68db12794ee9c3e3da1ab17a0)
1 /*	$NetBSD: i386.c,v 1.22 2010/02/23 08:46:33 cegger Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Frank van der Linden,  and by Jason R. Thorpe.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*-
33  * Copyright (c)2008 YAMAMOTO Takashi,
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  *
45  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
46  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
47  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
48  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
49  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
50  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
51  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
52  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
53  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
54  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
55  * SUCH DAMAGE.
56  */
57 
58 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
59 #ifndef lint
60 __RCSID("$NetBSD: i386.c,v 1.22 2010/02/23 08:46:33 cegger Exp $");
61 #endif /* not lint */
62 
63 #include <sys/types.h>
64 #include <sys/param.h>
65 #include <sys/bitops.h>
66 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
67 
68 #include <string.h>
69 #include <stdio.h>
70 #include <stdlib.h>
71 #include <err.h>
72 #include <assert.h>
73 #include <math.h>
74 #include <util.h>
75 
76 #include <machine/specialreg.h>
77 #include <machine/cpu.h>
78 
79 #include <x86/cpuvar.h>
80 #include <x86/cputypes.h>
81 #include <x86/cacheinfo.h>
82 
83 #include "../cpuctl.h"
84 
85 /* Size of buffer for printing humanized numbers */
86 #define HUMAN_BUFSIZE sizeof("999KB")
87 
88 #define       x86_cpuid(a,b)  x86_cpuid2((a),0,(b))
89 
90 void	x86_cpuid2(uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t *);
91 void	x86_identify(void);
92 
93 struct cpu_info {
94 	const char	*ci_dev;
95 	int32_t		ci_cpuid_level;
96 	uint32_t	ci_signature;	 /* X86 cpuid type */
97 	uint32_t	ci_feat_val[5];	 /* X86 CPUID feature bits
98 					  *	[0] basic features %edx
99 					  *	[1] basic features %ecx
100 					  *	[2] extended features %edx
101 					  *	[3] extended features %ecx
102 					  *	[4] VIA padlock features
103 					  */
104 	uint32_t	ci_cpu_class;	 /* CPU class */
105 	uint32_t	ci_brand_id;	 /* Intel brand id */
106 	uint32_t	ci_vendor[4];	 /* vendor string */
107 	uint32_t	ci_cpu_serial[3]; /* PIII serial number */
108 	uint64_t	ci_tsc_freq;	 /* cpu cycles/second */
109 	uint8_t		ci_packageid;
110 	uint8_t		ci_coreid;
111 	uint8_t		ci_smtid;
112 	uint32_t	ci_initapicid;
113 	struct x86_cache_info ci_cinfo[CAI_COUNT];
114 	void		(*ci_info)(struct cpu_info *);
115 };
116 
117 struct cpu_nocpuid_nameclass {
118 	int cpu_vendor;
119 	const char *cpu_vendorname;
120 	const char *cpu_name;
121 	int cpu_class;
122 	void (*cpu_setup)(struct cpu_info *);
123 	void (*cpu_cacheinfo)(struct cpu_info *);
124 	void (*cpu_info)(struct cpu_info *);
125 };
126 
127 struct cpu_extend_nameclass {
128 	int ext_model;
129 	const char *cpu_models[CPU_MAXMODEL+1];
130 };
131 
132 struct cpu_cpuid_nameclass {
133 	const char *cpu_id;
134 	int cpu_vendor;
135 	const char *cpu_vendorname;
136 	struct cpu_cpuid_family {
137 		int cpu_class;
138 		const char *cpu_models[CPU_MAXMODEL+2];
139 		void (*cpu_setup)(struct cpu_info *);
140 		void (*cpu_probe)(struct cpu_info *);
141 		void (*cpu_info)(struct cpu_info *);
142 		struct cpu_extend_nameclass *cpu_extended_names;
143 	} cpu_family[CPU_MAXFAMILY - CPU_MINFAMILY + 1];
144 };
145 
146 static const struct x86_cache_info intel_cpuid_cache_info[] = INTEL_CACHE_INFO;
147 
148 /*
149  * Map Brand ID from cpuid instruction to brand name.
150  * Source: Intel Processor Identification and the CPUID Instruction, AP-485
151  */
152 static const char * const i386_intel_brand[] = {
153 	"",		    /* Unsupported */
154 	"Celeron",	    /* Intel (R) Celeron (TM) processor */
155 	"Pentium III",      /* Intel (R) Pentium (R) III processor */
156 	"Pentium III Xeon", /* Intel (R) Pentium (R) III Xeon (TM) processor */
157 	"Pentium III",      /* Intel (R) Pentium (R) III processor */
158 	"",		    /* Reserved */
159 	"Mobile Pentium III", /* Mobile Intel (R) Pentium (R) III processor-M */
160 	"Mobile Celeron",   /* Mobile Intel (R) Celeron (R) processor */
161 	"Pentium 4",	    /* Intel (R) Pentium (R) 4 processor */
162 	"Pentium 4",	    /* Intel (R) Pentium (R) 4 processor */
163 	"Celeron",	    /* Intel (R) Celeron (TM) processor */
164 	"Xeon",		    /* Intel (R) Xeon (TM) processor */
165 	"Xeon MP",	    /* Intel (R) Xeon (TM) processor MP */
166 	"",		    /* Reserved */
167 	"Mobile Pentium 4", /* Mobile Intel (R) Pentium (R) 4 processor-M */
168 	"Mobile Celeron",   /* Mobile Intel (R) Celeron (R) processor */
169 };
170 
171 /*
172  * AMD processors don't have Brand IDs, so we need these names for probe.
173  */
174 static const char * const amd_brand[] = {
175 	"",
176 	"Duron",	/* AMD Duron(tm) */
177 	"MP",		/* AMD Athlon(tm) MP */
178 	"XP",		/* AMD Athlon(tm) XP */
179 	"4"		/* AMD Athlon(tm) 4 */
180 };
181 
182 static int cpu_vendor;
183 static char cpu_brand_string[49];
184 static char amd_brand_name[48];
185 
186 static void via_cpu_probe(struct cpu_info *);
187 static void amd_family6_probe(struct cpu_info *);
188 static void intel_family_new_probe(struct cpu_info *);
189 static const char *intel_family6_name(struct cpu_info *);
190 static const char *amd_amd64_name(struct cpu_info *);
191 static void amd_family5_setup(struct cpu_info *);
192 static void transmeta_cpu_info(struct cpu_info *);
193 static const char *print_cache_config(struct cpu_info *, int, const char *,
194     const char *);
195 static const char *print_tlb_config(struct cpu_info *, int, const char *,
196     const char *);
197 static void 	amd_cpu_cacheinfo(struct cpu_info *);
198 static void	via_cpu_cacheinfo(struct cpu_info *);
199 static void	x86_print_cacheinfo(struct cpu_info *);
200 static const struct x86_cache_info *cache_info_lookup(
201     const struct x86_cache_info *, uint8_t);
202 static void cyrix6x86_cpu_setup(struct cpu_info *);
203 static void winchip_cpu_setup(struct cpu_info *);
204 static void amd_family5_setup(struct cpu_info *);
205 static void powernow_probe(struct cpu_info *);
206 
207 /*
208  * Info for CTL_HW
209  */
210 static char	cpu_model[120];
211 
212 /*
213  * Note: these are just the ones that may not have a cpuid instruction.
214  * We deal with the rest in a different way.
215  */
216 const struct cpu_nocpuid_nameclass i386_nocpuid_cpus[] = {
217 	{ CPUVENDOR_INTEL, "Intel", "386SX",	CPUCLASS_386,
218 	  NULL, NULL, NULL },			/* CPU_386SX */
219 	{ CPUVENDOR_INTEL, "Intel", "386DX",	CPUCLASS_386,
220 	  NULL, NULL, NULL },			/* CPU_386   */
221 	{ CPUVENDOR_INTEL, "Intel", "486SX",	CPUCLASS_486,
222 	  NULL, NULL, NULL },			/* CPU_486SX */
223 	{ CPUVENDOR_INTEL, "Intel", "486DX",	CPUCLASS_486,
224 	  NULL, NULL, NULL },			/* CPU_486   */
225 	{ CPUVENDOR_CYRIX, "Cyrix", "486DLC",	CPUCLASS_486,
226 	  NULL, NULL, NULL },			/* CPU_486DLC */
227 	{ CPUVENDOR_CYRIX, "Cyrix", "6x86",	CPUCLASS_486,
228 	  NULL, NULL, NULL },		/* CPU_6x86 */
229 	{ CPUVENDOR_NEXGEN,"NexGen","586",      CPUCLASS_386,
230 	  NULL, NULL, NULL },			/* CPU_NX586 */
231 };
232 
233 const char *classnames[] = {
234 	"386",
235 	"486",
236 	"586",
237 	"686"
238 };
239 
240 const char *modifiers[] = {
241 	"",
242 	"OverDrive",
243 	"Dual",
244 	""
245 };
246 
247 struct cpu_extend_nameclass intel_family6_ext_models[] = {
248 	{ /* Extended models 1x */
249 	  0x01, { NULL,			NULL,
250 		  NULL,			NULL,
251 		  NULL,			"EP80579 Integrated Processor",
252 		  "Celeron (45nm)",	"Core 2 Extreme",
253 		  NULL,			NULL,
254 		  "Core i7 (Nehalem)",	NULL,
255 		  "Atom",		"XeonMP (Nehalem)",
256 		   NULL,		NULL} },
257 	{ /* End of list */
258 	  0x00, { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
259 		  NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL} }
260 };
261 
262 const struct cpu_cpuid_nameclass i386_cpuid_cpus[] = {
263 	{
264 		"GenuineIntel",
265 		CPUVENDOR_INTEL,
266 		"Intel",
267 		/* Family 4 */
268 		{ {
269 			CPUCLASS_486,
270 			{
271 				"486DX", "486DX", "486SX", "486DX2", "486SL",
272 				"486SX2", 0, "486DX2 W/B Enhanced",
273 				"486DX4", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
274 				"486"		/* Default */
275 			},
276 			NULL,
277 			NULL,
278 			NULL,
279 			NULL,
280 		},
281 		/* Family 5 */
282 		{
283 			CPUCLASS_586,
284 			{
285 				"Pentium (P5 A-step)", "Pentium (P5)",
286 				"Pentium (P54C)", "Pentium (P24T)",
287 				"Pentium/MMX", "Pentium", 0,
288 				"Pentium (P54C)", "Pentium/MMX (Tillamook)",
289 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
290 				"Pentium"	/* Default */
291 			},
292 			NULL,
293 			NULL,
294 			NULL,
295 			NULL,
296 		},
297 		/* Family 6 */
298 		{
299 			CPUCLASS_686,
300 			{
301 				"Pentium Pro (A-step)", "Pentium Pro", 0,
302 				"Pentium II (Klamath)", "Pentium Pro",
303 				"Pentium II/Celeron (Deschutes)",
304 				"Celeron (Mendocino)",
305 				"Pentium III (Katmai)",
306 				"Pentium III (Coppermine)",
307 				"Pentium M (Banias)",
308 				"Pentium III Xeon (Cascades)",
309 				"Pentium III (Tualatin)", 0,
310 				"Pentium M (Dothan)",
311 				"Pentium M (Yonah)",
312 				"Core 2",
313 				"Pentium Pro, II or III"	/* Default */
314 			},
315 			NULL,
316 			intel_family_new_probe,
317 			NULL,
318 			&intel_family6_ext_models[0],
319 		},
320 		/* Family > 6 */
321 		{
322 			CPUCLASS_686,
323 			{
324 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
325 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
326 				"Pentium 4"	/* Default */
327 			},
328 			NULL,
329 			intel_family_new_probe,
330 			NULL,
331 			NULL,
332 		} }
333 	},
334 	{
335 		"AuthenticAMD",
336 		CPUVENDOR_AMD,
337 		"AMD",
338 		/* Family 4 */
339 		{ {
340 			CPUCLASS_486,
341 			{
342 				0, 0, 0, "Am486DX2 W/T",
343 				0, 0, 0, "Am486DX2 W/B",
344 				"Am486DX4 W/T or Am5x86 W/T 150",
345 				"Am486DX4 W/B or Am5x86 W/B 150", 0, 0,
346 				0, 0, "Am5x86 W/T 133/160",
347 				"Am5x86 W/B 133/160",
348 				"Am486 or Am5x86"	/* Default */
349 			},
350 			NULL,
351 			NULL,
352 			NULL,
353 			NULL,
354 		},
355 		/* Family 5 */
356 		{
357 			CPUCLASS_586,
358 			{
359 				"K5", "K5", "K5", "K5", 0, 0, "K6",
360 				"K6", "K6-2", "K6-III", "Geode LX", 0, 0,
361 				"K6-2+/III+", 0, 0,
362 				"K5 or K6"		/* Default */
363 			},
364 			amd_family5_setup,
365 			NULL,
366 			amd_cpu_cacheinfo,
367 			NULL,
368 		},
369 		/* Family 6 */
370 		{
371 			CPUCLASS_686,
372 			{
373 				0, "Athlon Model 1", "Athlon Model 2",
374 				"Duron", "Athlon Model 4 (Thunderbird)",
375 				0, "Athlon", "Duron", "Athlon", 0,
376 				"Athlon", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
377 				"K7 (Athlon)"	/* Default */
378 			},
379 			NULL,
380 			amd_family6_probe,
381 			amd_cpu_cacheinfo,
382 			NULL,
383 		},
384 		/* Family > 6 */
385 		{
386 			CPUCLASS_686,
387 			{
388 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
389 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
390 				"Unknown K8 (Athlon)"	/* Default */
391 			},
392 			NULL,
393 			amd_family6_probe,
394 			amd_cpu_cacheinfo,
395 			NULL,
396 		} }
397 	},
398 	{
399 		"CyrixInstead",
400 		CPUVENDOR_CYRIX,
401 		"Cyrix",
402 		/* Family 4 */
403 		{ {
404 			CPUCLASS_486,
405 			{
406 				0, 0, 0,
407 				"MediaGX",
408 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
409 				"486"		/* Default */
410 			},
411 			cyrix6x86_cpu_setup, /* XXX ?? */
412 			NULL,
413 			NULL,
414 			NULL,
415 		},
416 		/* Family 5 */
417 		{
418 			CPUCLASS_586,
419 			{
420 				0, 0, "6x86", 0,
421 				"MMX-enhanced MediaGX (GXm)", /* or Geode? */
422 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
423 				"6x86"		/* Default */
424 			},
425 			cyrix6x86_cpu_setup,
426 			NULL,
427 			NULL,
428 			NULL,
429 		},
430 		/* Family 6 */
431 		{
432 			CPUCLASS_686,
433 			{
434 				"6x86MX", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
435 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
436 				"6x86MX"		/* Default */
437 			},
438 			cyrix6x86_cpu_setup,
439 			NULL,
440 			NULL,
441 			NULL,
442 		},
443 		/* Family > 6 */
444 		{
445 			CPUCLASS_686,
446 			{
447 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
448 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
449 				"Unknown 6x86MX"		/* Default */
450 			},
451 			NULL,
452 			NULL,
453 			NULL,
454 			NULL,
455 		} }
456 	},
457 	{	/* MediaGX is now owned by National Semiconductor */
458 		"Geode by NSC",
459 		CPUVENDOR_CYRIX, /* XXX */
460 		"National Semiconductor",
461 		/* Family 4, NSC never had any of these */
462 		{ {
463 			CPUCLASS_486,
464 			{
465 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
466 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
467 				"486 compatible"	/* Default */
468 			},
469 			NULL,
470 			NULL,
471 			NULL,
472 			NULL,
473 		},
474 		/* Family 5: Geode family, formerly MediaGX */
475 		{
476 			CPUCLASS_586,
477 			{
478 				0, 0, 0, 0,
479 				"Geode GX1",
480 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
481 				"Geode"		/* Default */
482 			},
483 			cyrix6x86_cpu_setup,
484 			NULL,
485 			amd_cpu_cacheinfo,
486 			NULL,
487 		},
488 		/* Family 6, not yet available from NSC */
489 		{
490 			CPUCLASS_686,
491 			{
492 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
493 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
494 				"Pentium Pro compatible" /* Default */
495 			},
496 			NULL,
497 			NULL,
498 			NULL,
499 			NULL,
500 		},
501 		/* Family > 6, not yet available from NSC */
502 		{
503 			CPUCLASS_686,
504 			{
505 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
506 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
507 				"Pentium Pro compatible"	/* Default */
508 			},
509 			NULL,
510 			NULL,
511 			NULL,
512 			NULL,
513 		} }
514 	},
515 	{
516 		"CentaurHauls",
517 		CPUVENDOR_IDT,
518 		"IDT",
519 		/* Family 4, IDT never had any of these */
520 		{ {
521 			CPUCLASS_486,
522 			{
523 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
524 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
525 				"486 compatible"	/* Default */
526 			},
527 			NULL,
528 			NULL,
529 			NULL,
530 			NULL,
531 		},
532 		/* Family 5 */
533 		{
534 			CPUCLASS_586,
535 			{
536 				0, 0, 0, 0, "WinChip C6", 0, 0, 0,
537 				"WinChip 2", "WinChip 3", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
538 				"WinChip"		/* Default */
539 			},
540 			winchip_cpu_setup,
541 			NULL,
542 			NULL,
543 			NULL,
544 		},
545 		/* Family 6, VIA acquired IDT Centaur design subsidiary */
546 		{
547 			CPUCLASS_686,
548 			{
549 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "C3 Samuel",
550 				"C3 Samuel 2/Ezra", "C3 Ezra-T",
551 				"C3 Nehemiah", "C7 Esther", 0, 0, "C7 Esther",
552 				0, "VIA Nano",
553 				"Unknown VIA/IDT"	/* Default */
554 			},
555 			NULL,
556 			via_cpu_probe,
557 			via_cpu_cacheinfo,
558 			NULL,
559 		},
560 		/* Family > 6, not yet available from VIA */
561 		{
562 			CPUCLASS_686,
563 			{
564 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
565 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
566 				"Pentium Pro compatible"	/* Default */
567 			},
568 			NULL,
569 			NULL,
570 			NULL,
571 			NULL,
572 		} }
573 	},
574 	{
575 		"GenuineTMx86",
576 		CPUVENDOR_TRANSMETA,
577 		"Transmeta",
578 		/* Family 4, Transmeta never had any of these */
579 		{ {
580 			CPUCLASS_486,
581 			{
582 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
583 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
584 				"486 compatible"	/* Default */
585 			},
586 			NULL,
587 			NULL,
588 			NULL,
589 			NULL,
590 		},
591 		/* Family 5 */
592 		{
593 			CPUCLASS_586,
594 			{
595 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
596 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
597 				"Crusoe"		/* Default */
598 			},
599 			NULL,
600 			NULL,
601 			transmeta_cpu_info,
602 			NULL,
603 		},
604 		/* Family 6, not yet available from Transmeta */
605 		{
606 			CPUCLASS_686,
607 			{
608 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
609 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
610 				"Pentium Pro compatible"	/* Default */
611 			},
612 			NULL,
613 			NULL,
614 			NULL,
615 			NULL,
616 		},
617 		/* Family > 6, not yet available from Transmeta */
618 		{
619 			CPUCLASS_686,
620 			{
621 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
622 				0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
623 				"Pentium Pro compatible"	/* Default */
624 			},
625 			NULL,
626 			NULL,
627 			NULL,
628 			NULL,
629 		} }
630 	}
631 };
632 
633 /*
634  * disable the TSC such that we don't use the TSC in microtime(9)
635  * because some CPUs got the implementation wrong.
636  */
637 static void
638 disable_tsc(struct cpu_info *ci)
639 {
640 	if (ci->ci_feat_val[0] & CPUID_TSC) {
641 		ci->ci_feat_val[0] &= ~CPUID_TSC;
642 		aprint_error("WARNING: broken TSC disabled\n");
643 	}
644 }
645 
646 static void
647 cyrix6x86_cpu_setup(struct cpu_info *ci)
648 {
649 
650 	/*
651 	 * Do not disable the TSC on the Geode GX, it's reported to
652 	 * work fine.
653 	 */
654 	if (ci->ci_signature != 0x552)
655 		disable_tsc(ci);
656 }
657 
658 void
659 winchip_cpu_setup(struct cpu_info *ci)
660 {
661 	switch (CPUID2MODEL(ci->ci_signature)) { /* model */
662 	case 4:	/* WinChip C6 */
663 		disable_tsc(ci);
664 	}
665 }
666 
667 
668 static void
669 identifycpu_cpuids(struct cpu_info *ci)
670 {
671 	const char *cpuname = ci->ci_dev;
672 	u_int lp_max = 1;	/* logical processors per package */
673 	u_int smt_max;		/* smt per core */
674 	u_int core_max = 1;	/* core per package */
675 	u_int smt_bits, core_bits;
676 	uint32_t descs[4];
677 
678 	aprint_verbose("%s: Initial APIC ID %u\n", cpuname, ci->ci_initapicid);
679 	ci->ci_packageid = ci->ci_initapicid;
680 	ci->ci_coreid = 0;
681 	ci->ci_smtid = 0;
682 	if (cpu_vendor != CPUVENDOR_INTEL) {
683 		return;
684 	}
685 
686 	/*
687 	 * 253668.pdf 7.10.2
688 	 */
689 
690 	if ((ci->ci_feat_val[0] & CPUID_HTT) != 0) {
691 		x86_cpuid(1, descs);
692 		lp_max = (descs[1] >> 16) & 0xff;
693 	}
694 	x86_cpuid(0, descs);
695 	if (descs[0] >= 4) {
696 		x86_cpuid2(4, 0, descs);
697 		core_max = (descs[0] >> 26) + 1;
698 	}
699 	assert(lp_max >= core_max);
700 	smt_max = lp_max / core_max;
701 	smt_bits = ilog2(smt_max - 1) + 1;
702 	core_bits = ilog2(core_max - 1) + 1;
703 	if (smt_bits + core_bits) {
704 		ci->ci_packageid = ci->ci_initapicid >> (smt_bits + core_bits);
705 	}
706 	aprint_verbose("%s: Cluster/Package ID %u\n", cpuname,
707 	    ci->ci_packageid);
708 	if (core_bits) {
709 		u_int core_mask = __BITS(smt_bits, smt_bits + core_bits - 1);
710 
711 		ci->ci_coreid =
712 		    __SHIFTOUT(ci->ci_initapicid, core_mask);
713 		aprint_verbose("%s: Core ID %u\n", cpuname, ci->ci_coreid);
714 	}
715 	if (smt_bits) {
716 		u_int smt_mask = __BITS((int)0, (int)(smt_bits - 1));
717 
718 		ci->ci_smtid = __SHIFTOUT(ci->ci_initapicid, smt_mask);
719 		aprint_verbose("%s: SMT ID %u\n", cpuname, ci->ci_smtid);
720 	}
721 }
722 
723 static void
724 via_cpu_probe(struct cpu_info *ci)
725 {
726 	u_int model = CPUID2MODEL(ci->ci_signature);
727 	u_int stepping = CPUID2STEPPING(ci->ci_signature);
728 	u_int descs[4];
729 	u_int lfunc;
730 
731 	/*
732 	 * Determine the largest extended function value.
733 	 */
734 	x86_cpuid(0x80000000, descs);
735 	lfunc = descs[0];
736 
737 	/*
738 	 * Determine the extended feature flags.
739 	 */
740 	if (lfunc >= 0x80000001) {
741 		x86_cpuid(0x80000001, descs);
742 		ci->ci_feat_val[2] |= descs[3];
743 	}
744 
745 	if (model < 0x9)
746 		return;
747 
748 	/* Nehemiah or Esther */
749 	x86_cpuid(0xc0000000, descs);
750 	lfunc = descs[0];
751 	if (lfunc < 0xc0000001)	/* no ACE, no RNG */
752 		return;
753 
754 	x86_cpuid(0xc0000001, descs);
755 	lfunc = descs[3];
756 	if (model > 0x9 || stepping >= 8) {	/* ACE */
757 		if (lfunc & CPUID_VIA_HAS_ACE) {
758 			ci->ci_feat_val[4] = lfunc;
759 		}
760 	}
761 }
762 
763 static const char *
764 intel_family6_name(struct cpu_info *ci)
765 {
766 	int model = CPUID2MODEL(ci->ci_signature);
767 	const char *ret = NULL;
768 	u_int l2cache = ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_L2CACHE].cai_totalsize;
769 
770 	if (model == 5) {
771 		switch (l2cache) {
772 		case 0:
773 		case 128 * 1024:
774 			ret = "Celeron (Covington)";
775 			break;
776 		case 256 * 1024:
777 			ret = "Mobile Pentium II (Dixon)";
778 			break;
779 		case 512 * 1024:
780 			ret = "Pentium II";
781 			break;
782 		case 1 * 1024 * 1024:
783 		case 2 * 1024 * 1024:
784 			ret = "Pentium II Xeon";
785 			break;
786 		}
787 	} else if (model == 6) {
788 		switch (l2cache) {
789 		case 256 * 1024:
790 		case 512 * 1024:
791 			ret = "Mobile Pentium II";
792 			break;
793 		}
794 	} else if (model == 7) {
795 		switch (l2cache) {
796 		case 512 * 1024:
797 			ret = "Pentium III";
798 			break;
799 		case 1 * 1024 * 1024:
800 		case 2 * 1024 * 1024:
801 			ret = "Pentium III Xeon";
802 			break;
803 		}
804 	} else if (model >= 8) {
805 		if (ci->ci_brand_id && ci->ci_brand_id < 0x10) {
806 			switch (ci->ci_brand_id) {
807 			case 0x3:
808 				if (ci->ci_signature == 0x6B1)
809 					ret = "Celeron";
810 				break;
811 			case 0x8:
812 				if (ci->ci_signature >= 0xF13)
813 					ret = "genuine processor";
814 				break;
815 			case 0xB:
816 				if (ci->ci_signature >= 0xF13)
817 					ret = "Xeon MP";
818 				break;
819 			case 0xE:
820 				if (ci->ci_signature < 0xF13)
821 					ret = "Xeon";
822 				break;
823 			}
824 			if (ret == NULL)
825 				ret = i386_intel_brand[ci->ci_brand_id];
826 		}
827 	}
828 
829 	return ret;
830 }
831 
832 /*
833  * Identify AMD64 CPU names from cpuid.
834  *
835  * Based on:
836  * "Revision Guide for AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron Processors"
837  * http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/25759.pdf
838  * "Revision Guide for AMD NPT Family 0Fh Processors"
839  * http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/33610.pdf
840  * and other miscellaneous reports.
841  */
842 static const char *
843 amd_amd64_name(struct cpu_info *ci)
844 {
845 	int extfamily, extmodel, model;
846 	const char *ret = NULL;
847 
848 	model = CPUID2MODEL(ci->ci_signature);
849 	extfamily = CPUID2EXTFAMILY(ci->ci_signature);
850 	extmodel  = CPUID2EXTMODEL(ci->ci_signature);
851 
852 	switch (extfamily) {
853 	case 0x00:
854 		switch (model) {
855 		case 0x1:
856 			switch (extmodel) {
857 			case 0x2:	/* rev JH-E1/E6 */
858 			case 0x4:	/* rev JH-F2 */
859 				ret = "Dual-Core Opteron";
860 				break;
861 			}
862 			break;
863 		case 0x3:
864 			switch (extmodel) {
865 			case 0x2:	/* rev JH-E6 (Toledo) */
866 				ret = "Dual-Core Opteron or Athlon 64 X2";
867 				break;
868 			case 0x4:	/* rev JH-F2 (Windsor) */
869 				ret = "Athlon 64 FX or Athlon 64 X2";
870 				break;
871 			}
872 			break;
873 		case 0x4:
874 			switch (extmodel) {
875 			case 0x0:	/* rev SH-B0/C0/CG (ClawHammer) */
876 			case 0x1:	/* rev SH-D0 */
877 				ret = "Athlon 64";
878 				break;
879 			case 0x2:	/* rev SH-E5 (Lancaster?) */
880 				ret = "Mobile Athlon 64 or Turion 64";
881 				break;
882 			}
883 			break;
884 		case 0x5:
885 			switch (extmodel) {
886 			case 0x0:	/* rev SH-B0/B3/C0/CG (SledgeHammer?) */
887 				ret = "Opteron or Athlon 64 FX";
888 				break;
889 			case 0x1:	/* rev SH-D0 */
890 			case 0x2:	/* rev SH-E4 */
891 				ret = "Opteron";
892 				break;
893 			}
894 			break;
895 		case 0x7:
896 			switch (extmodel) {
897 			case 0x0:	/* rev SH-CG (ClawHammer) */
898 			case 0x1:	/* rev SH-D0 */
899 				ret = "Athlon 64";
900 				break;
901 			case 0x2:	/* rev DH-E4, SH-E4 */
902 				ret = "Athlon 64 or Athlon 64 FX or Opteron";
903 				break;
904 			}
905 			break;
906 		case 0x8:
907 			switch (extmodel) {
908 			case 0x0:	/* rev CH-CG */
909 			case 0x1:	/* rev CH-D0 */
910 				ret = "Athlon 64 or Sempron";
911 				break;
912 			case 0x4:	/* rev BH-F2 */
913 				ret = "Turion 64 X2";
914 				break;
915 			}
916 			break;
917 		case 0xb:
918 			switch (extmodel) {
919 			case 0x0:	/* rev CH-CG */
920 			case 0x1:	/* rev CH-D0 */
921 				ret = "Athlon 64";
922 				break;
923 			case 0x2:	/* rev BH-E4 (Manchester) */
924 			case 0x4:	/* rev BH-F2 (Windsor) */
925 				ret = "Athlon 64 X2";
926 				break;
927 			case 0x6:	/* rev BH-G1 (Brisbane) */
928 				ret = "Athlon X2 or Athlon 64 X2";
929 				break;
930 			}
931 			break;
932 		case 0xc:
933 			switch (extmodel) {
934 			case 0x0:	/* rev DH-CG (Newcastle) */
935 			case 0x1:	/* rev DH-D0 (Winchester) */
936 			case 0x2:	/* rev DH-E3/E6 */
937 				ret = "Athlon 64 or Sempron";
938 				break;
939 			}
940 			break;
941 		case 0xe:
942 			switch (extmodel) {
943 			case 0x0:	/* rev DH-CG (Newcastle?) */
944 				ret = "Athlon 64 or Sempron";
945 				break;
946 			}
947 			break;
948 		case 0xf:
949 			switch (extmodel) {
950 			case 0x0:	/* rev DH-CG (Newcastle/Paris) */
951 			case 0x1:	/* rev DH-D0 (Winchester/Victoria) */
952 			case 0x2:	/* rev DH-E3/E6 (Venice/Palermo) */
953 			case 0x4:	/* rev DH-F2 (Orleans/Manila) */
954 			case 0x5:	/* rev DH-F2 (Orleans/Manila) */
955 			case 0x6:	/* rev DH-G1 */
956 				ret = "Athlon 64 or Sempron";
957 				break;
958 			}
959 			break;
960 		default:
961 			ret = "Unknown AMD64 CPU";
962 		}
963 		break;
964 	case 0x01:
965 		switch (model) {
966 			case 0x02:
967 				ret = "Family 10h";
968 				break;
969 			default:
970 				ret = "Unknown AMD64 CPU";
971 				break;
972 		}
973 		break;
974 	}
975 
976 	return ret;
977 }
978 
979 static void
980 cpu_probe_base_features(struct cpu_info *ci)
981 {
982 	const struct x86_cache_info *cai;
983 	u_int descs[4];
984 	int iterations, i, j;
985 	uint8_t desc;
986 	uint32_t miscbytes;
987 	uint32_t brand[12];
988 
989 	if (ci->ci_cpuid_level < 0)
990 		return;
991 
992 	x86_cpuid(0, descs);
993 	ci->ci_cpuid_level = descs[0];
994 	ci->ci_vendor[0] = descs[1];
995 	ci->ci_vendor[2] = descs[2];
996 	ci->ci_vendor[1] = descs[3];
997 	ci->ci_vendor[3] = 0;
998 
999 	x86_cpuid(0x80000000, brand);
1000 	if (brand[0] >= 0x80000004) {
1001 		x86_cpuid(0x80000002, brand);
1002 		x86_cpuid(0x80000003, brand + 4);
1003 		x86_cpuid(0x80000004, brand + 8);
1004 		for (i = 0; i < 48; i++)
1005 			if (((char *) brand)[i] != ' ')
1006 				break;
1007 		memcpy(cpu_brand_string, ((char *) brand) + i, 48 - i);
1008 	}
1009 
1010 	if (ci->ci_cpuid_level < 1)
1011 		return;
1012 
1013 	x86_cpuid(1, descs);
1014 	ci->ci_signature = descs[0];
1015 	miscbytes = descs[1];
1016 	ci->ci_feat_val[1] = descs[2];
1017 	ci->ci_feat_val[0] = descs[3];
1018 
1019 	/* Brand is low order 8 bits of ebx */
1020 	ci->ci_brand_id = miscbytes & 0xff;
1021 	ci->ci_initapicid = (miscbytes >> 24) & 0xff;
1022 	if (ci->ci_cpuid_level < 2)
1023 		return;
1024 
1025 	/*
1026 	 * Parse the cache info from `cpuid', if we have it.
1027 	 * XXX This is kinda ugly, but hey, so is the architecture...
1028 	 */
1029 
1030 	x86_cpuid(2, descs);
1031 
1032 	iterations = descs[0] & 0xff;
1033 	while (iterations-- > 0) {
1034 		for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
1035 			if (descs[i] & 0x80000000)
1036 				continue;
1037 			for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
1038 				if (i == 0 && j == 0)
1039 					continue;
1040 				desc = (descs[i] >> (j * 8)) & 0xff;
1041 				if (desc == 0)
1042 					continue;
1043 				cai = cache_info_lookup(intel_cpuid_cache_info,
1044 				    desc);
1045 				if (cai != NULL)
1046 					ci->ci_cinfo[cai->cai_index] = *cai;
1047 			}
1048 		}
1049 		x86_cpuid(2, descs);
1050 	}
1051 
1052 	if (ci->ci_cpuid_level < 3)
1053 		return;
1054 
1055 	/*
1056 	 * If the processor serial number misfeature is present and supported,
1057 	 * extract it here.
1058 	 */
1059 	if ((ci->ci_feat_val[0] & CPUID_PN) != 0) {
1060 		ci->ci_cpu_serial[0] = ci->ci_signature;
1061 		x86_cpuid(3, descs);
1062 		ci->ci_cpu_serial[2] = descs[2];
1063 		ci->ci_cpu_serial[1] = descs[3];
1064 	}
1065 }
1066 
1067 static void
1068 cpu_probe_features(struct cpu_info *ci)
1069 {
1070 	const struct cpu_cpuid_nameclass *cpup = NULL;
1071 	int i, xmax, family;
1072 
1073 	cpu_probe_base_features(ci);
1074 
1075 	if (ci->ci_cpuid_level < 1)
1076 		return;
1077 
1078 	xmax = __arraycount(i386_cpuid_cpus);
1079 	for (i = 0; i < xmax; i++) {
1080 		if (!strncmp((char *)ci->ci_vendor,
1081 		    i386_cpuid_cpus[i].cpu_id, 12)) {
1082 			cpup = &i386_cpuid_cpus[i];
1083 			break;
1084 		}
1085 	}
1086 
1087 	if (cpup == NULL)
1088 		return;
1089 
1090 	family = (ci->ci_signature >> 8) & 0xf;
1091 
1092 	if (family > CPU_MAXFAMILY) {
1093 		family = CPU_MAXFAMILY;
1094 	}
1095 	i = family - CPU_MINFAMILY;
1096 
1097 	if (cpup->cpu_family[i].cpu_probe == NULL)
1098 		return;
1099 
1100 	(*cpup->cpu_family[i].cpu_probe)(ci);
1101 }
1102 
1103 static void
1104 intel_family_new_probe(struct cpu_info *ci)
1105 {
1106 	uint32_t descs[4];
1107 
1108 	x86_cpuid(0x80000000, descs);
1109 
1110 	/*
1111 	 * Determine extended feature flags.
1112 	 */
1113 	if (descs[0] >= 0x80000001) {
1114 		x86_cpuid(0x80000001, descs);
1115 		ci->ci_feat_val[2] |= descs[3];
1116 		ci->ci_feat_val[3] |= descs[2];
1117 	}
1118 }
1119 
1120 static void
1121 amd_family6_probe(struct cpu_info *ci)
1122 {
1123 	uint32_t descs[4];
1124 	char *p;
1125 	size_t i;
1126 
1127 	x86_cpuid(0x80000000, descs);
1128 
1129 	/*
1130 	 * Determine the extended feature flags.
1131 	 */
1132 	if (descs[0] >= 0x80000001) {
1133 		x86_cpuid(0x80000001, descs);
1134 		ci->ci_feat_val[2] |= descs[3]; /* %edx */
1135 		ci->ci_feat_val[3] = descs[2]; /* %ecx */
1136 	}
1137 
1138 	if (*cpu_brand_string == '\0')
1139 		return;
1140 
1141 	for (i = 1; i < __arraycount(amd_brand); i++)
1142 		if ((p = strstr(cpu_brand_string, amd_brand[i])) != NULL) {
1143 			ci->ci_brand_id = i;
1144 			strlcpy(amd_brand_name, p, sizeof(amd_brand_name));
1145 			break;
1146 		}
1147 }
1148 
1149 static void
1150 amd_family5_setup(struct cpu_info *ci)
1151 {
1152 
1153 	switch (CPUID2MODEL(ci->ci_signature)) {
1154 	case 0:		/* AMD-K5 Model 0 */
1155 		/*
1156 		 * According to the AMD Processor Recognition App Note,
1157 		 * the AMD-K5 Model 0 uses the wrong bit to indicate
1158 		 * support for global PTEs, instead using bit 9 (APIC)
1159 		 * rather than bit 13 (i.e. "0x200" vs. 0x2000".  Oops!).
1160 		 */
1161 		if (ci->ci_feat_val[0] & CPUID_APIC)
1162 			ci->ci_feat_val[0] =
1163 			    (ci->ci_feat_val[0] & ~CPUID_APIC) | CPUID_PGE;
1164 		/*
1165 		 * XXX But pmap_pg_g is already initialized -- need to kick
1166 		 * XXX the pmap somehow.  How does the MP branch do this?
1167 		 */
1168 		break;
1169 	}
1170 }
1171 
1172 static void
1173 tmx86_get_longrun_status(u_int *frequency, u_int *voltage, u_int *percentage)
1174 {
1175 	u_int descs[4];
1176 
1177 	x86_cpuid(0x80860007, descs);
1178 	*frequency = descs[0];
1179 	*voltage = descs[1];
1180 	*percentage = descs[2];
1181 }
1182 
1183 static void
1184 transmeta_cpu_info(struct cpu_info *ci)
1185 {
1186 	u_int descs[4], nreg;
1187 	u_int frequency, voltage, percentage;
1188 
1189 	x86_cpuid(0x80860000, descs);
1190 	nreg = descs[0];
1191 	if (nreg >= 0x80860001) {
1192 		x86_cpuid(0x80860001, descs);
1193 		aprint_verbose_dev(ci->ci_dev, "Processor revision %u.%u.%u.%u\n",
1194 		    (descs[1] >> 24) & 0xff,
1195 		    (descs[1] >> 16) & 0xff,
1196 		    (descs[1] >> 8) & 0xff,
1197 		    descs[1] & 0xff);
1198 	}
1199 	if (nreg >= 0x80860002) {
1200 		x86_cpuid(0x80860002, descs);
1201 		aprint_verbose_dev(ci->ci_dev, "Code Morphing Software Rev: %u.%u.%u-%u-%u\n",
1202 		    (descs[1] >> 24) & 0xff,
1203 		    (descs[1] >> 16) & 0xff,
1204 		    (descs[1] >> 8) & 0xff,
1205 		    descs[1] & 0xff,
1206 		    descs[2]);
1207 	}
1208 	if (nreg >= 0x80860006) {
1209 		union {
1210 			char text[65];
1211 			u_int descs[4][4];
1212 		} info;
1213 		int i;
1214 
1215 		for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
1216 			x86_cpuid(0x80860003 + i, info.descs[i]);
1217 		}
1218 		info.text[64] = '\0';
1219 		aprint_verbose_dev(ci->ci_dev, "%s\n", info.text);
1220 	}
1221 
1222 	if (nreg >= 0x80860007) {
1223 		tmx86_get_longrun_status(&frequency,
1224 		    &voltage, &percentage);
1225 		aprint_verbose_dev(ci->ci_dev, "LongRun <%dMHz %dmV %d%%>\n",
1226 		    frequency, voltage, percentage);
1227 	}
1228 }
1229 
1230 void
1231 identifycpu(const char *cpuname)
1232 {
1233 	const char *name = "", *modifier, *vendorname, *brand = "";
1234 	int class = CPUCLASS_386, i, xmax;
1235 	int modif, family, model, ext_model;
1236 	const struct cpu_extend_nameclass *modlist;
1237 	const struct cpu_cpuid_nameclass *cpup = NULL;
1238 	const struct cpu_cpuid_family *cpufam;
1239 	const char *feature_str[5];
1240 	struct cpu_info *ci, cistore;
1241 	extern int cpu;
1242 	extern int cpu_info_level;
1243 	size_t sz;
1244 	char buf[512];
1245 	char *bp;
1246 
1247 	ci = &cistore;
1248 	memset(ci, 0, sizeof(*ci));
1249 	ci->ci_dev = cpuname;
1250 
1251 	x86_identify();
1252 	ci->ci_cpuid_level = cpu_info_level;
1253 	cpu_probe_features(ci);
1254 
1255 	if (ci->ci_cpuid_level == -1) {
1256 		if ((size_t)cpu >= __arraycount(i386_nocpuid_cpus))
1257 			errx(1, "unknown cpu type %d", cpu);
1258 		name = i386_nocpuid_cpus[cpu].cpu_name;
1259 		cpu_vendor = i386_nocpuid_cpus[cpu].cpu_vendor;
1260 		vendorname = i386_nocpuid_cpus[cpu].cpu_vendorname;
1261 		class = i386_nocpuid_cpus[cpu].cpu_class;
1262 		ci->ci_info = i386_nocpuid_cpus[cpu].cpu_info;
1263 		modifier = "";
1264 	} else {
1265 		xmax = __arraycount(i386_cpuid_cpus);
1266 		modif = (ci->ci_signature >> 12) & 0x3;
1267 		family = CPUID2FAMILY(ci->ci_signature);
1268 		if (family < CPU_MINFAMILY)
1269 			errx(1, "identifycpu: strange family value");
1270 		model = CPUID2MODEL(ci->ci_signature);
1271 		ext_model = CPUID2EXTMODEL(ci->ci_signature);
1272 
1273 		for (i = 0; i < xmax; i++) {
1274 			if (!strncmp((char *)ci->ci_vendor,
1275 			    i386_cpuid_cpus[i].cpu_id, 12)) {
1276 				cpup = &i386_cpuid_cpus[i];
1277 				break;
1278 			}
1279 		}
1280 
1281 		if (cpup == NULL) {
1282 			cpu_vendor = CPUVENDOR_UNKNOWN;
1283 			if (ci->ci_vendor[0] != '\0')
1284 				vendorname = (char *)&ci->ci_vendor[0];
1285 			else
1286 				vendorname = "Unknown";
1287 			if (family >= CPU_MAXFAMILY)
1288 				family = CPU_MINFAMILY;
1289 			class = family - 3;
1290 			modifier = "";
1291 			name = "";
1292 			ci->ci_info = NULL;
1293 		} else {
1294 			cpu_vendor = cpup->cpu_vendor;
1295 			vendorname = cpup->cpu_vendorname;
1296 			modifier = modifiers[modif];
1297 			if (family > CPU_MAXFAMILY) {
1298 				family = CPU_MAXFAMILY;
1299 				model = CPU_DEFMODEL;
1300 			} else if (model > CPU_MAXMODEL) {
1301 				model = CPU_DEFMODEL;
1302 				ext_model = 0;
1303 			}
1304 			cpufam = &cpup->cpu_family[family - CPU_MINFAMILY];
1305 			if (cpufam->cpu_extended_names == NULL ||
1306 			    ext_model == 0)
1307 				name = cpufam->cpu_models[model];
1308 			else {
1309 				/*
1310 				 * Scan list(s) of extended model names
1311 				 */
1312 				modlist = cpufam->cpu_extended_names;
1313 				while (modlist->ext_model != 0) {
1314 					if (modlist->ext_model == ext_model) {
1315 						name =
1316 						     modlist->cpu_models[model];
1317 						break;
1318 					}
1319 					modlist++;
1320 				}
1321 			}
1322 			if (name == NULL || *name == '\0')
1323 			    name = cpufam->cpu_models[CPU_DEFMODEL];
1324 			class = cpufam->cpu_class;
1325 			ci->ci_info = cpufam->cpu_info;
1326 
1327 			if (cpu_vendor == CPUVENDOR_INTEL) {
1328 				if (family == 6 && model >= 5) {
1329 					const char *tmp;
1330 					tmp = intel_family6_name(ci);
1331 					if (tmp != NULL)
1332 						name = tmp;
1333 				}
1334 				if (family == CPU_MAXFAMILY &&
1335 				    ci->ci_brand_id <
1336 				    __arraycount(i386_intel_brand) &&
1337 				    i386_intel_brand[ci->ci_brand_id])
1338 					name =
1339 					     i386_intel_brand[ci->ci_brand_id];
1340 			}
1341 
1342 			if (cpu_vendor == CPUVENDOR_AMD) {
1343 				if (family == 6 && model >= 6) {
1344 					if (ci->ci_brand_id == 1)
1345 						/*
1346 						 * It's Duron. We override the
1347 						 * name, since it might have
1348 						 * been misidentified as Athlon.
1349 						 */
1350 						name =
1351 						    amd_brand[ci->ci_brand_id];
1352 					else
1353 						brand = amd_brand_name;
1354 				}
1355 				if (CPUID2FAMILY(ci->ci_signature) == 0xf) {
1356 					/*
1357 					 * Identify AMD64 CPU names.
1358 					 * Note family value is clipped by
1359 					 * CPU_MAXFAMILY.
1360 					 */
1361 					const char *tmp;
1362 					tmp = amd_amd64_name(ci);
1363 					if (tmp != NULL)
1364 						name = tmp;
1365 				}
1366 			}
1367 
1368 			if (cpu_vendor == CPUVENDOR_IDT && family >= 6)
1369 				vendorname = "VIA";
1370 		}
1371 	}
1372 
1373 	ci->ci_cpu_class = class;
1374 
1375 	sz = sizeof(ci->ci_tsc_freq);
1376 	(void)sysctlbyname("machdep.tsc_freq", &ci->ci_tsc_freq, &sz, NULL, 0);
1377 
1378 	snprintf(cpu_model, sizeof(cpu_model), "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s (%s-class)",
1379 	    vendorname,
1380 	    *modifier ? " " : "", modifier,
1381 	    *name ? " " : "", name,
1382 	    *brand ? " " : "", brand,
1383 	    classnames[class]);
1384 	aprint_normal("%s: %s", cpuname, cpu_model);
1385 
1386 	if (ci->ci_tsc_freq != 0)
1387 		aprint_normal(", %qd.%02qd MHz",
1388 		    (ci->ci_tsc_freq + 4999) / 1000000,
1389 		    ((ci->ci_tsc_freq + 4999) / 10000) % 100);
1390 	if (ci->ci_signature != 0)
1391 		aprint_normal(", id 0x%x", ci->ci_signature);
1392 	aprint_normal("\n");
1393 
1394 	if (ci->ci_info)
1395 		(*ci->ci_info)(ci);
1396 
1397 	/*
1398 	 * display CPU feature flags
1399 	 */
1400 
1401 #define	MAX_FEATURE_LEN	60	/* XXX Need to find a better way to set this */
1402 
1403 	feature_str[0] = CPUID_FLAGS1;
1404 	feature_str[1] = CPUID2_FLAGS1;
1405 	feature_str[2] = CPUID_EXT_FLAGS;
1406 	feature_str[3] = NULL;
1407 	feature_str[4] = NULL;
1408 
1409 	switch (cpu_vendor) {
1410 	case CPUVENDOR_AMD:
1411 		feature_str[3] = CPUID_AMD_FLAGS4;
1412 		break;
1413 	case CPUVENDOR_INTEL:
1414 		feature_str[2] = CPUID_INTEL_EXT_FLAGS;
1415 		feature_str[3] = CPUID_INTEL_FLAGS4;
1416 		break;
1417 	case CPUVENDOR_CYRIX:
1418 		feature_str[4] = CPUID_FLAGS_PADLOCK;
1419 		/* FALLTHRU */
1420 	default:
1421 		break;
1422 	}
1423 
1424 	for (i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {
1425 		if (ci->ci_feat_val[i] && feature_str[i] != NULL) {
1426 			snprintb_m(buf, sizeof(buf), feature_str[i],
1427 				   ci->ci_feat_val[i], MAX_FEATURE_LEN);
1428 			bp = buf;
1429 			while (*bp != '\0') {
1430 				aprint_verbose("%s: %sfeatures%c %s\n",
1431 				    cpuname, (i == 4)?"padlock ":"",
1432 				    (i == 4 || i == 0)?' ':'1' + i, bp);
1433 				bp += strlen(bp) + 1;
1434 			}
1435 		}
1436 	}
1437 
1438 	if (*cpu_brand_string != '\0')
1439 		aprint_normal("%s: \"%s\"\n", cpuname, cpu_brand_string);
1440 
1441 	x86_print_cacheinfo(ci);
1442 
1443 	if (ci->ci_cpuid_level >= 3 && (ci->ci_feat_val[0] & CPUID_PN)) {
1444 		aprint_verbose("%s: serial number %04X-%04X-%04X-%04X-%04X-%04X\n",
1445 		    cpuname,
1446 		    ci->ci_cpu_serial[0] / 65536, ci->ci_cpu_serial[0] % 65536,
1447 		    ci->ci_cpu_serial[1] / 65536, ci->ci_cpu_serial[1] % 65536,
1448 		    ci->ci_cpu_serial[2] / 65536, ci->ci_cpu_serial[2] % 65536);
1449 	}
1450 
1451 	if (ci->ci_cpu_class == CPUCLASS_386) {
1452 		errx(1, "NetBSD requires an 80486 or later processor");
1453 	}
1454 
1455 	if (cpu == CPU_486DLC) {
1456 #ifndef CYRIX_CACHE_WORKS
1457 		aprint_error("WARNING: CYRIX 486DLC CACHE UNCHANGED.\n");
1458 #else
1459 #ifndef CYRIX_CACHE_REALLY_WORKS
1460 		aprint_error("WARNING: CYRIX 486DLC CACHE ENABLED IN HOLD-FLUSH MODE.\n");
1461 #else
1462 		aprint_error("WARNING: CYRIX 486DLC CACHE ENABLED.\n");
1463 #endif
1464 #endif
1465 	}
1466 
1467 	/*
1468 	 * Everything past this point requires a Pentium or later.
1469 	 */
1470 	if (ci->ci_cpuid_level < 0)
1471 		return;
1472 
1473 	identifycpu_cpuids(ci);
1474 
1475 #ifdef INTEL_CORETEMP
1476 	if (cpu_vendor == CPUVENDOR_INTEL && ci->ci_cpuid_level >= 0x06)
1477 		coretemp_register(ci);
1478 #endif
1479 
1480 	if (cpu_vendor == CPUVENDOR_AMD) {
1481 		uint32_t data[4];
1482 
1483 		x86_cpuid(0x80000000, data);
1484 		if (data[0] >= 0x80000007)
1485 			powernow_probe(ci);
1486 
1487 		if ((data[0] >= 0x8000000a)
1488 		   && (ci->ci_feat_val[3] & CPUID_SVM) != 0) {
1489 
1490 			x86_cpuid(0x8000000a, data);
1491 			aprint_verbose("%s: SVM Rev. %d\n", cpuname,
1492 			    data[0] & 0xf);
1493 			aprint_verbose("%s: SVM NASID %d\n", cpuname, data[1]);
1494 			snprintb(buf, sizeof(buf), CPUID_AMD_SVM_FLAGS,
1495 			    data[3]);
1496 			aprint_verbose("%s: SVM features %s\n", cpuname, buf);
1497 		}
1498 	}
1499 
1500 #ifdef INTEL_ONDEMAND_CLOCKMOD
1501 	clockmod_init();
1502 #endif
1503 
1504 	aprint_normal_dev(ci->ci_dev, "family %02x model %02x "
1505 	    "extfamily %02x extmodel %02x\n", CPUID2FAMILY(ci->ci_signature),
1506 	    CPUID2MODEL(ci->ci_signature), CPUID2EXTFAMILY(ci->ci_signature),
1507 	    CPUID2EXTMODEL(ci->ci_signature));
1508 }
1509 
1510 static const char *
1511 print_cache_config(struct cpu_info *ci, int cache_tag, const char *name,
1512     const char *sep)
1513 {
1514 	struct x86_cache_info *cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[cache_tag];
1515 	char human_num[HUMAN_BUFSIZE];
1516 
1517 	if (cai->cai_totalsize == 0)
1518 		return sep;
1519 
1520 	if (sep == NULL)
1521 		aprint_verbose_dev(ci->ci_dev, "");
1522 	else
1523 		aprint_verbose("%s", sep);
1524 	if (name != NULL)
1525 		aprint_verbose("%s ", name);
1526 
1527 	if (cai->cai_string != NULL) {
1528 		aprint_verbose("%s ", cai->cai_string);
1529 	} else {
1530 		(void)humanize_number(human_num, sizeof(human_num),
1531 			cai->cai_totalsize, "B", HN_AUTOSCALE, HN_NOSPACE);
1532 		aprint_verbose("%s %dB/line ", human_num, cai->cai_linesize);
1533 	}
1534 	switch (cai->cai_associativity) {
1535 	case    0:
1536 		aprint_verbose("disabled");
1537 		break;
1538 	case    1:
1539 		aprint_verbose("direct-mapped");
1540 		break;
1541 	case 0xff:
1542 		aprint_verbose("fully associative");
1543 		break;
1544 	default:
1545 		aprint_verbose("%d-way", cai->cai_associativity);
1546 		break;
1547 	}
1548 	return ", ";
1549 }
1550 
1551 static const char *
1552 print_tlb_config(struct cpu_info *ci, int cache_tag, const char *name,
1553     const char *sep)
1554 {
1555 	struct x86_cache_info *cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[cache_tag];
1556 	char human_num[HUMAN_BUFSIZE];
1557 
1558 	if (cai->cai_totalsize == 0)
1559 		return sep;
1560 
1561 	if (sep == NULL)
1562 		aprint_verbose_dev(ci->ci_dev, "");
1563 	else
1564 		aprint_verbose("%s", sep);
1565 	if (name != NULL)
1566 		aprint_verbose("%s ", name);
1567 
1568 	if (cai->cai_string != NULL) {
1569 		aprint_verbose("%s", cai->cai_string);
1570 	} else {
1571 		(void)humanize_number(human_num, sizeof(human_num),
1572 			cai->cai_linesize, "B", HN_AUTOSCALE, HN_NOSPACE);
1573 		aprint_verbose("%d %s entries ", cai->cai_totalsize,
1574 		    human_num);
1575 		switch (cai->cai_associativity) {
1576 		case 0:
1577 			aprint_verbose("disabled");
1578 			break;
1579 		case 1:
1580 			aprint_verbose("direct-mapped");
1581 			break;
1582 		case 0xff:
1583 			aprint_verbose("fully associative");
1584 			break;
1585 		default:
1586 			aprint_verbose("%d-way", cai->cai_associativity);
1587 			break;
1588 		}
1589 	}
1590 	return ", ";
1591 }
1592 
1593 static const struct x86_cache_info *
1594 cache_info_lookup(const struct x86_cache_info *cai, uint8_t desc)
1595 {
1596 	int i;
1597 
1598 	for (i = 0; cai[i].cai_desc != 0; i++) {
1599 		if (cai[i].cai_desc == desc)
1600 			return (&cai[i]);
1601 	}
1602 
1603 	return (NULL);
1604 }
1605 
1606 static const struct x86_cache_info amd_cpuid_l2cache_assoc_info[] =
1607     AMD_L2CACHE_INFO;
1608 
1609 static const struct x86_cache_info amd_cpuid_l3cache_assoc_info[] =
1610     AMD_L3CACHE_INFO;
1611 
1612 static void
1613 amd_cpu_cacheinfo(struct cpu_info *ci)
1614 {
1615 	const struct x86_cache_info *cp;
1616 	struct x86_cache_info *cai;
1617 	int family, model;
1618 	u_int descs[4];
1619 	u_int lfunc;
1620 
1621 	family = (ci->ci_signature >> 8) & 15;
1622 	model = CPUID2MODEL(ci->ci_signature);
1623 
1624 	/*
1625 	 * K5 model 0 has none of this info.
1626 	 */
1627 	if (family == 5 && model == 0)
1628 		return;
1629 
1630 	/*
1631 	 * Get extended values for K8 and up.
1632 	 */
1633 	if (family == 0xf) {
1634 		family += CPUID2EXTFAMILY(ci->ci_signature);
1635 		model += CPUID2EXTMODEL(ci->ci_signature);
1636 	}
1637 
1638 	/*
1639 	 * Determine the largest extended function value.
1640 	 */
1641 	x86_cpuid(0x80000000, descs);
1642 	lfunc = descs[0];
1643 
1644 	/*
1645 	 * Determine L1 cache/TLB info.
1646 	 */
1647 	if (lfunc < 0x80000005) {
1648 		/* No L1 cache info available. */
1649 		return;
1650 	}
1651 
1652 	x86_cpuid(0x80000005, descs);
1653 
1654 	/*
1655 	 * K6-III and higher have large page TLBs.
1656 	 */
1657 	if ((family == 5 && model >= 9) || family >= 6) {
1658 		cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_ITLB2];
1659 		cai->cai_totalsize = AMD_L1_EAX_ITLB_ENTRIES(descs[0]);
1660 		cai->cai_associativity = AMD_L1_EAX_ITLB_ASSOC(descs[0]);
1661 		cai->cai_linesize = (4 * 1024 * 1024);
1662 
1663 		cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_DTLB2];
1664 		cai->cai_totalsize = AMD_L1_EAX_DTLB_ENTRIES(descs[0]);
1665 		cai->cai_associativity = AMD_L1_EAX_DTLB_ASSOC(descs[0]);
1666 		cai->cai_linesize = (4 * 1024 * 1024);
1667 	}
1668 
1669 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_ITLB];
1670 	cai->cai_totalsize = AMD_L1_EBX_ITLB_ENTRIES(descs[1]);
1671 	cai->cai_associativity = AMD_L1_EBX_ITLB_ASSOC(descs[1]);
1672 	cai->cai_linesize = (4 * 1024);
1673 
1674 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_DTLB];
1675 	cai->cai_totalsize = AMD_L1_EBX_DTLB_ENTRIES(descs[1]);
1676 	cai->cai_associativity = AMD_L1_EBX_DTLB_ASSOC(descs[1]);
1677 	cai->cai_linesize = (4 * 1024);
1678 
1679 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_DCACHE];
1680 	cai->cai_totalsize = AMD_L1_ECX_DC_SIZE(descs[2]);
1681 	cai->cai_associativity = AMD_L1_ECX_DC_ASSOC(descs[2]);
1682 	cai->cai_linesize = AMD_L1_EDX_IC_LS(descs[2]);
1683 
1684 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_ICACHE];
1685 	cai->cai_totalsize = AMD_L1_EDX_IC_SIZE(descs[3]);
1686 	cai->cai_associativity = AMD_L1_EDX_IC_ASSOC(descs[3]);
1687 	cai->cai_linesize = AMD_L1_EDX_IC_LS(descs[3]);
1688 
1689 	/*
1690 	 * Determine L2 cache/TLB info.
1691 	 */
1692 	if (lfunc < 0x80000006) {
1693 		/* No L2 cache info available. */
1694 		return;
1695 	}
1696 
1697 	x86_cpuid(0x80000006, descs);
1698 
1699 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_L2CACHE];
1700 	cai->cai_totalsize = AMD_L2_ECX_C_SIZE(descs[2]);
1701 	cai->cai_associativity = AMD_L2_ECX_C_ASSOC(descs[2]);
1702 	cai->cai_linesize = AMD_L2_ECX_C_LS(descs[2]);
1703 
1704 	cp = cache_info_lookup(amd_cpuid_l2cache_assoc_info,
1705 	    cai->cai_associativity);
1706 	if (cp != NULL)
1707 		cai->cai_associativity = cp->cai_associativity;
1708 	else
1709 		cai->cai_associativity = 0;	/* XXX Unknown/reserved */
1710 
1711 	/*
1712 	 * Determine L3 cache info on AMD Family 10h processors
1713 	 */
1714 	if (family == 0x10) {
1715 		cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_L3CACHE];
1716 		cai->cai_totalsize = AMD_L3_EDX_C_SIZE(descs[3]);
1717 		cai->cai_associativity = AMD_L3_EDX_C_ASSOC(descs[3]);
1718 		cai->cai_linesize = AMD_L3_EDX_C_LS(descs[3]);
1719 
1720 		cp = cache_info_lookup(amd_cpuid_l3cache_assoc_info,
1721 		    cai->cai_associativity);
1722 		if (cp != NULL)
1723 			cai->cai_associativity = cp->cai_associativity;
1724 		else
1725 			cai->cai_associativity = 0;	/* XXX Unkn/Rsvd */
1726 	}
1727 }
1728 
1729 static void
1730 via_cpu_cacheinfo(struct cpu_info *ci)
1731 {
1732 	struct x86_cache_info *cai;
1733 	int family, model, stepping;
1734 	u_int descs[4];
1735 	u_int lfunc;
1736 
1737 	family = (ci->ci_signature >> 8) & 15;
1738 	model = CPUID2MODEL(ci->ci_signature);
1739 	stepping = CPUID2STEPPING(ci->ci_signature);
1740 
1741 	/*
1742 	 * Determine the largest extended function value.
1743 	 */
1744 	x86_cpuid(0x80000000, descs);
1745 	lfunc = descs[0];
1746 
1747 	/*
1748 	 * Determine L1 cache/TLB info.
1749 	 */
1750 	if (lfunc < 0x80000005) {
1751 		/* No L1 cache info available. */
1752 		return;
1753 	}
1754 
1755 	x86_cpuid(0x80000005, descs);
1756 
1757 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_ITLB];
1758 	cai->cai_totalsize = VIA_L1_EBX_ITLB_ENTRIES(descs[1]);
1759 	cai->cai_associativity = VIA_L1_EBX_ITLB_ASSOC(descs[1]);
1760 	cai->cai_linesize = (4 * 1024);
1761 
1762 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_DTLB];
1763 	cai->cai_totalsize = VIA_L1_EBX_DTLB_ENTRIES(descs[1]);
1764 	cai->cai_associativity = VIA_L1_EBX_DTLB_ASSOC(descs[1]);
1765 	cai->cai_linesize = (4 * 1024);
1766 
1767 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_DCACHE];
1768 	cai->cai_totalsize = VIA_L1_ECX_DC_SIZE(descs[2]);
1769 	cai->cai_associativity = VIA_L1_ECX_DC_ASSOC(descs[2]);
1770 	cai->cai_linesize = VIA_L1_EDX_IC_LS(descs[2]);
1771 	if (model == 9 && stepping == 8) {
1772 		/* Erratum: stepping 8 reports 4 when it should be 2 */
1773 		cai->cai_associativity = 2;
1774 	}
1775 
1776 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_ICACHE];
1777 	cai->cai_totalsize = VIA_L1_EDX_IC_SIZE(descs[3]);
1778 	cai->cai_associativity = VIA_L1_EDX_IC_ASSOC(descs[3]);
1779 	cai->cai_linesize = VIA_L1_EDX_IC_LS(descs[3]);
1780 	if (model == 9 && stepping == 8) {
1781 		/* Erratum: stepping 8 reports 4 when it should be 2 */
1782 		cai->cai_associativity = 2;
1783 	}
1784 
1785 	/*
1786 	 * Determine L2 cache/TLB info.
1787 	 */
1788 	if (lfunc < 0x80000006) {
1789 		/* No L2 cache info available. */
1790 		return;
1791 	}
1792 
1793 	x86_cpuid(0x80000006, descs);
1794 
1795 	cai = &ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_L2CACHE];
1796 	if (model >= 9) {
1797 		cai->cai_totalsize = VIA_L2N_ECX_C_SIZE(descs[2]);
1798 		cai->cai_associativity = VIA_L2N_ECX_C_ASSOC(descs[2]);
1799 		cai->cai_linesize = VIA_L2N_ECX_C_LS(descs[2]);
1800 	} else {
1801 		cai->cai_totalsize = VIA_L2_ECX_C_SIZE(descs[2]);
1802 		cai->cai_associativity = VIA_L2_ECX_C_ASSOC(descs[2]);
1803 		cai->cai_linesize = VIA_L2_ECX_C_LS(descs[2]);
1804 	}
1805 }
1806 
1807 static void
1808 x86_print_cacheinfo(struct cpu_info *ci)
1809 {
1810 	const char *sep;
1811 
1812 	if (ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_ICACHE].cai_totalsize != 0 ||
1813 	    ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_DCACHE].cai_totalsize != 0) {
1814 		sep = print_cache_config(ci, CAI_ICACHE, "I-cache", NULL);
1815 		sep = print_cache_config(ci, CAI_DCACHE, "D-cache", sep);
1816 		if (sep != NULL)
1817 			aprint_verbose("\n");
1818 	}
1819 	if (ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_L2CACHE].cai_totalsize != 0) {
1820 		sep = print_cache_config(ci, CAI_L2CACHE, "L2 cache", NULL);
1821 		if (sep != NULL)
1822 			aprint_verbose("\n");
1823 	}
1824 	if (ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_ITLB].cai_totalsize != 0) {
1825 		sep = print_tlb_config(ci, CAI_ITLB, "ITLB", NULL);
1826 		sep = print_tlb_config(ci, CAI_ITLB2, NULL, sep);
1827 		if (sep != NULL)
1828 			aprint_verbose("\n");
1829 	}
1830 	if (ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_DTLB].cai_totalsize != 0) {
1831 		sep = print_tlb_config(ci, CAI_DTLB, "DTLB", NULL);
1832 		sep = print_tlb_config(ci, CAI_DTLB2, NULL, sep);
1833 		if (sep != NULL)
1834 			aprint_verbose("\n");
1835 	}
1836 	if (ci->ci_cinfo[CAI_L3CACHE].cai_totalsize != 0) {
1837 		sep = print_cache_config(ci, CAI_L3CACHE, "L3 cache", NULL);
1838 		if (sep != NULL)
1839 			aprint_verbose("\n");
1840 	}
1841 }
1842 
1843 static void
1844 powernow_probe(struct cpu_info *ci)
1845 {
1846 	uint32_t regs[4];
1847 	char buf[256];
1848 
1849 	x86_cpuid(0x80000007, regs);
1850 
1851 	snprintb(buf, sizeof(buf), CPUID_APM_FLAGS, regs[3]);
1852 	aprint_normal_dev(ci->ci_dev, "AMD Power Management features: %s\n",
1853 	    buf);
1854 }
1855