xref: /netbsd-src/usr.bin/xlint/lint1/tree.c (revision 867d70fc718005c0918b8b8b2f9d7f2d52d0a0db)
1 /*	$NetBSD: tree.c,v 1.484 2022/11/30 20:59:28 rillig Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Jochen Pohl
5  * All Rights Reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
17  *      This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for
18  *	The NetBSD Project.
19  * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
20  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
24  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
25  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
26  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
27  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
28  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
29  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
30  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
31  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
35 #include "nbtool_config.h"
36 #endif
37 
38 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
39 #if defined(__RCSID)
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: tree.c,v 1.484 2022/11/30 20:59:28 rillig Exp $");
41 #endif
42 
43 #include <float.h>
44 #include <limits.h>
45 #include <math.h>
46 #include <signal.h>
47 #include <stdlib.h>
48 #include <string.h>
49 
50 #include "lint1.h"
51 
52 typedef struct integer_constraints {
53 	int64_t		smin;	/* signed minimum */
54 	int64_t		smax;	/* signed maximum */
55 	uint64_t	umin;	/* unsigned minimum */
56 	uint64_t	umax;	/* unsigned maximum */
57 	uint64_t	bset;	/* bits that are definitely set */
58 	uint64_t	bclr;	/* bits that are definitely clear */
59 } integer_constraints;
60 
61 static	tnode_t	*build_integer_constant(tspec_t, int64_t);
62 static	void	check_pointer_comparison(op_t,
63 					 const tnode_t *, const tnode_t *);
64 static	bool	check_assign_types_compatible(op_t, int,
65 					      const tnode_t *, const tnode_t *);
66 static	void	check_bad_enum_operation(op_t,
67 					 const tnode_t *, const tnode_t *);
68 static	void	check_enum_type_mismatch(op_t, int,
69 				         const tnode_t *, const tnode_t *);
70 static	void	check_enum_int_mismatch(op_t, int,
71 					const tnode_t *, const tnode_t *);
72 static	tnode_t	*new_tnode(op_t, bool, type_t *, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
73 static	void	balance(op_t, tnode_t **, tnode_t **);
74 static	void	warn_incompatible_types(op_t, const type_t *, tspec_t,
75 					const type_t *, tspec_t);
76 static	void	warn_incompatible_pointers(const mod_t *,
77 					   const type_t *, const type_t *);
78 static	bool	has_constant_member(const type_t *);
79 static	void	check_prototype_conversion(int, tspec_t, tspec_t, type_t *,
80 					   tnode_t *);
81 static	void	convert_integer_from_integer(op_t, int, tspec_t, tspec_t,
82 					     type_t *, tnode_t *);
83 static	void	convert_integer_from_pointer(op_t, tspec_t, type_t *,
84 					     tnode_t *);
85 static	void	convert_pointer_from_pointer(type_t *, tnode_t *);
86 static	tnode_t	*build_struct_access(op_t, bool, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
87 static	tnode_t	*build_prepost_incdec(op_t, bool, tnode_t *);
88 static	tnode_t	*build_real_imag(op_t, bool, tnode_t *);
89 static	tnode_t	*build_address(bool, tnode_t *, bool);
90 static	tnode_t	*build_plus_minus(op_t, bool, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
91 static	tnode_t	*build_bit_shift(op_t, bool, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
92 static	tnode_t	*build_colon(bool, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
93 static	tnode_t	*build_assignment(op_t, bool, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
94 static	tnode_t	*subt_size_in_bytes(type_t *);
95 static	tnode_t	*fold(tnode_t *);
96 static	tnode_t	*fold_bool(tnode_t *);
97 static	tnode_t	*fold_float(tnode_t *);
98 static	tnode_t	*check_function_arguments(type_t *, tnode_t *);
99 static	tnode_t	*check_prototype_argument(int, type_t *, tnode_t *);
100 static	void	check_null_effect(const tnode_t *);
101 static	void	check_array_index(tnode_t *, bool);
102 static	void	check_integer_comparison(op_t, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
103 static	void	check_precedence_confusion(tnode_t *);
104 
105 extern sig_atomic_t fpe;
106 
107 static uint64_t
108 u64_fill_right(uint64_t x)
109 {
110 	x |= x >> 1;
111 	x |= x >> 2;
112 	x |= x >> 4;
113 	x |= x >> 8;
114 	x |= x >> 16;
115 	x |= x >> 32;
116 	return x;
117 }
118 
119 static unsigned
120 width_in_bits(const type_t *tp)
121 {
122 
123 	lint_assert(is_integer(tp->t_tspec));
124 	return tp->t_bitfield ? tp->t_flen : size_in_bits(tp->t_tspec);
125 }
126 
127 static bool
128 ic_maybe_signed(const type_t *tp, const integer_constraints *ic)
129 {
130 
131 	return !is_uinteger(tp->t_tspec) &&
132 	    (ic->bclr & ((uint64_t)1 << 63)) == 0;
133 }
134 
135 static integer_constraints
136 ic_any(const type_t *tp)
137 {
138 	integer_constraints c;
139 
140 	uint64_t vbits = value_bits(width_in_bits(tp));
141 	if (is_uinteger(tp->t_tspec)) {
142 		c.smin = INT64_MIN;
143 		c.smax = INT64_MAX;
144 		c.umin = 0;
145 		c.umax = vbits;
146 		c.bset = 0;
147 		c.bclr = ~c.umax;
148 	} else {
149 		c.smin = (int64_t)-1 - (int64_t)(vbits >> 1);
150 		c.smax = (int64_t)(vbits >> 1);
151 		c.umin = 0;
152 		c.umax = UINT64_MAX;
153 		c.bset = 0;
154 		c.bclr = 0;
155 	}
156 	return c;
157 }
158 
159 static integer_constraints
160 ic_con(const type_t *tp, const val_t *v)
161 {
162 	integer_constraints c;
163 
164 	lint_assert(is_integer(tp->t_tspec));
165 	int64_t s = v->v_quad;
166 	uint64_t u = (uint64_t)s;
167 	c.smin = s;
168 	c.smax = s;
169 	c.umin = u;
170 	c.umax = u;
171 	c.bset = u;
172 	c.bclr = ~u;
173 	return c;
174 }
175 
176 static integer_constraints
177 ic_cvt(const type_t *ntp, const type_t *otp, integer_constraints a)
178 {
179 
180 	if (width_in_bits(ntp) > width_in_bits(otp) &&
181 	    is_uinteger(otp->t_tspec))
182 		return a;
183 	return ic_any(ntp);
184 }
185 
186 static integer_constraints
187 ic_bitand(integer_constraints a, integer_constraints b)
188 {
189 	integer_constraints c;
190 
191 	c.smin = INT64_MIN;
192 	c.smax = INT64_MAX;
193 	c.umin = 0;
194 	c.umax = UINT64_MAX;
195 	c.bset = a.bset & b.bset;
196 	c.bclr = a.bclr | b.bclr;
197 	return c;
198 }
199 
200 static integer_constraints
201 ic_bitor(integer_constraints a, integer_constraints b)
202 {
203 	integer_constraints c;
204 
205 	c.smin = INT64_MIN;
206 	c.smax = INT64_MAX;
207 	c.umin = 0;
208 	c.umax = UINT64_MAX;
209 	c.bset = a.bset | b.bset;
210 	c.bclr = a.bclr & b.bclr;
211 	return c;
212 }
213 
214 static integer_constraints
215 ic_mod(const type_t *tp, integer_constraints a, integer_constraints b)
216 {
217 	integer_constraints c;
218 
219 	if (ic_maybe_signed(tp, &a) || ic_maybe_signed(tp, &b))
220 		return ic_any(tp);
221 
222 	c.smin = INT64_MIN;
223 	c.smax = INT64_MAX;
224 	c.umin = 0;
225 	c.umax = b.umax - 1;
226 	c.bset = 0;
227 	c.bclr = ~u64_fill_right(c.umax);
228 	return c;
229 }
230 
231 static integer_constraints
232 ic_shl(const type_t *tp, integer_constraints a, integer_constraints b)
233 {
234 	integer_constraints c;
235 	unsigned int amount;
236 
237 	if (ic_maybe_signed(tp, &a))
238 		return ic_any(tp);
239 
240 	if (b.smin == b.smax && b.smin >= 0 && b.smin < 64)
241 		amount = (unsigned int)b.smin;
242 	else if (b.umin == b.umax && b.umin < 64)
243 		amount = (unsigned int)b.umin;
244 	else
245 		return ic_any(tp);
246 
247 	c.smin = INT64_MIN;
248 	c.smax = INT64_MAX;
249 	c.umin = 0;
250 	c.umax = UINT64_MAX;
251 	c.bset = a.bset << amount;
252 	c.bclr = a.bclr << amount | (((uint64_t)1 << amount) - 1);
253 	return c;
254 }
255 
256 static integer_constraints
257 ic_shr(const type_t *tp, integer_constraints a, integer_constraints b)
258 {
259 	integer_constraints c;
260 	unsigned int amount;
261 
262 	if (ic_maybe_signed(tp, &a))
263 		return ic_any(tp);
264 
265 	if (b.smin == b.smax && b.smin >= 0 && b.smin < 64)
266 		amount = (unsigned int)b.smin;
267 	else if (b.umin == b.umax && b.umin < 64)
268 		amount = (unsigned int)b.umin;
269 	else
270 		return ic_any(tp);
271 
272 	c.smin = INT64_MIN;
273 	c.smax = INT64_MAX;
274 	c.umin = 0;
275 	c.umax = UINT64_MAX;
276 	c.bset = a.bset >> amount;
277 	c.bclr = a.bclr >> amount | ~(~(uint64_t)0 >> amount);
278 	return c;
279 }
280 
281 static integer_constraints
282 ic_expr(const tnode_t *tn)
283 {
284 	integer_constraints lc, rc;
285 
286 	lint_assert(is_integer(tn->tn_type->t_tspec));
287 
288 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
289 	case CON:
290 		return ic_con(tn->tn_type, tn->tn_val);
291 	case CVT:
292 		if (!is_integer(tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec))
293 			return ic_any(tn->tn_type);
294 		lc = ic_expr(tn->tn_left);
295 		return ic_cvt(tn->tn_type, tn->tn_left->tn_type, lc);
296 	case MOD:
297 		lc = ic_expr(before_conversion(tn->tn_left));
298 		rc = ic_expr(before_conversion(tn->tn_right));
299 		return ic_mod(tn->tn_type, lc, rc);
300 	case SHL:
301 		lc = ic_expr(tn->tn_left);
302 		rc = ic_expr(tn->tn_right);
303 		return ic_shl(tn->tn_type, lc, rc);
304 	case SHR:
305 		lc = ic_expr(tn->tn_left);
306 		rc = ic_expr(tn->tn_right);
307 		return ic_shr(tn->tn_type, lc, rc);
308 	case BITAND:
309 		lc = ic_expr(tn->tn_left);
310 		rc = ic_expr(tn->tn_right);
311 		return ic_bitand(lc, rc);
312 	case BITOR:
313 		lc = ic_expr(tn->tn_left);
314 		rc = ic_expr(tn->tn_right);
315 		return ic_bitor(lc, rc);
316 	default:
317 		return ic_any(tn->tn_type);
318 	}
319 }
320 
321 static const char *
322 op_name(op_t op)
323 {
324 	return modtab[op].m_name;
325 }
326 
327 /* Build 'pointer to tp', 'array of tp' or 'function returning tp'. */
328 type_t *
329 block_derive_type(type_t *tp, tspec_t t)
330 {
331 	type_t	*tp2;
332 
333 	tp2 = block_zero_alloc(sizeof(*tp2));
334 	tp2->t_tspec = t;
335 	tp2->t_subt = tp;
336 	return tp2;
337 }
338 
339 /*
340  * Derive 'pointer to tp' or 'function returning tp'.
341  * The memory is freed at the end of the current expression.
342  */
343 type_t *
344 expr_derive_type(type_t *tp, tspec_t t)
345 {
346 	type_t	*tp2;
347 
348 	tp2 = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*tp2));
349 	tp2->t_tspec = t;
350 	tp2->t_subt = tp;
351 	return tp2;
352 }
353 
354 /*
355  * Create a node for a constant.
356  */
357 tnode_t *
358 build_constant(type_t *tp, val_t *v)
359 {
360 	tnode_t	*n;
361 
362 	n = expr_alloc_tnode();
363 	n->tn_op = CON;
364 	n->tn_type = tp;
365 	n->tn_val = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*n->tn_val));
366 	n->tn_val->v_tspec = tp->t_tspec;
367 	n->tn_val->v_unsigned_since_c90 = v->v_unsigned_since_c90;
368 	n->tn_val->v_u = v->v_u;
369 	free(v);
370 	return n;
371 }
372 
373 static tnode_t *
374 build_integer_constant(tspec_t t, int64_t q)
375 {
376 	tnode_t	*n;
377 
378 	n = expr_alloc_tnode();
379 	n->tn_op = CON;
380 	n->tn_type = gettyp(t);
381 	n->tn_val = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*n->tn_val));
382 	n->tn_val->v_tspec = t;
383 	n->tn_val->v_quad = q;
384 	return n;
385 }
386 
387 static void
388 fallback_symbol(sym_t *sym)
389 {
390 
391 	if (fallback_symbol_strict_bool(sym))
392 		return;
393 
394 	if (block_level > 0 && (strcmp(sym->s_name, "__FUNCTION__") == 0 ||
395 			   strcmp(sym->s_name, "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__") == 0)) {
396 		/* __FUNCTION__/__PRETTY_FUNCTION__ is a GCC extension */
397 		gnuism(316);
398 		sym->s_type = block_derive_type(gettyp(CHAR), PTR);
399 		sym->s_type->t_const = true;
400 		return;
401 	}
402 
403 	if (block_level > 0 && strcmp(sym->s_name, "__func__") == 0) {
404 		if (!allow_c99)
405 			/* __func__ is a C99 feature */
406 			warning(317);
407 		sym->s_type = block_derive_type(gettyp(CHAR), PTR);
408 		sym->s_type->t_const = true;
409 		return;
410 	}
411 
412 	/* '%s' undefined */
413 	error(99, sym->s_name);
414 }
415 
416 /*
417  * Functions that are predeclared by GCC or other compilers can be called
418  * with arbitrary arguments.  Since lint usually runs after a successful
419  * compilation, it's the compiler's job to catch any errors.
420  */
421 bool
422 is_compiler_builtin(const char *name)
423 {
424 	/* https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/C-Extensions.html */
425 	if (allow_gcc) {
426 		if (strncmp(name, "__atomic_", 9) == 0 ||
427 		    strncmp(name, "__builtin_", 10) == 0 ||
428 		    strcmp(name, "alloca") == 0 ||
429 		    /* obsolete but still in use, as of 2021 */
430 		    strncmp(name, "__sync_", 7) == 0)
431 			return true;
432 	}
433 
434 	/* https://software.intel.com/sites/landingpage/IntrinsicsGuide/ */
435 	if (strncmp(name, "_mm_", 4) == 0)
436 		return true;
437 
438 	return false;
439 }
440 
441 static bool
442 str_endswith(const char *haystack, const char *needle)
443 {
444 	size_t hlen = strlen(haystack);
445 	size_t nlen = strlen(needle);
446 
447 	return nlen <= hlen &&
448 	       memcmp(haystack + hlen - nlen, needle, nlen) == 0;
449 }
450 
451 /* https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Integer-Overflow-Builtins.html */
452 static bool
453 is_gcc_bool_builtin(const char *name)
454 {
455 	return strncmp(name, "__builtin_", 10) == 0 &&
456 	       (str_endswith(name, "_overflow") ||
457 		str_endswith(name, "_overflow_p"));
458 }
459 
460 static void
461 build_name_call(sym_t *sym)
462 {
463 
464 	if (is_compiler_builtin(sym->s_name)) {
465 		/*
466 		 * Do not warn about these, just assume that
467 		 * they are regular functions compatible with
468 		 * non-prototype calling conventions.
469 		 */
470 		if (allow_gcc && is_gcc_bool_builtin(sym->s_name))
471 			sym->s_type = gettyp(BOOL);
472 
473 	} else if (allow_c99) {
474 		/* function '%s' implicitly declared to return int */
475 		error(215, sym->s_name);
476 	} else if (!allow_trad) {
477 		/* function '%s' implicitly declared to return int */
478 		warning(215, sym->s_name);
479 	}
480 
481 	/* XXX if !allow_c90, the symbol should be exported to level 0 */
482 	sym->s_type = block_derive_type(sym->s_type, FUNC);
483 }
484 
485 /* Create a node for a name (symbol table entry). */
486 tnode_t *
487 build_name(sym_t *sym, bool is_funcname)
488 {
489 	tnode_t	*n;
490 
491 	if (sym->s_scl == NOSCL && !in_gcc_attribute) {
492 		sym->s_scl = EXTERN;
493 		sym->s_def = DECL;
494 		if (is_funcname)
495 			build_name_call(sym);
496 		else
497 			fallback_symbol(sym);
498 	}
499 
500 	lint_assert(sym->s_kind == FVFT || sym->s_kind == FMEMBER);
501 
502 	n = expr_alloc_tnode();
503 	n->tn_type = sym->s_type;
504 	if (sym->s_scl == BOOL_CONST) {
505 		n->tn_op = CON;
506 		n->tn_val = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*n->tn_val));
507 		n->tn_val->v_tspec = BOOL;
508 		n->tn_val->v_quad = sym->u.s_bool_constant ? 1 : 0;
509 	} else if (sym->s_scl == ENUM_CONST) {
510 		n->tn_op = CON;
511 		n->tn_val = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*n->tn_val));
512 		n->tn_val->v_tspec = INT;	/* ENUM is in n->tn_type */
513 		n->tn_val->v_quad = sym->u.s_enum_constant;
514 	} else {
515 		n->tn_op = NAME;
516 		n->tn_sym = sym;
517 		if (sym->s_kind == FVFT && sym->s_type->t_tspec != FUNC)
518 			n->tn_lvalue = true;
519 	}
520 
521 	return n;
522 }
523 
524 tnode_t *
525 build_string(strg_t *strg)
526 {
527 	size_t	len;
528 	tnode_t	*n;
529 	type_t *tp;
530 
531 	len = strg->st_len;
532 
533 	n = expr_alloc_tnode();
534 
535 	tp = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*tp));
536 	tp->t_tspec = ARRAY;
537 	tp->t_subt = gettyp(strg->st_char ? CHAR : WCHAR);
538 	tp->t_dim = (int)(len + 1);
539 
540 	n->tn_op = STRING;
541 	n->tn_type = tp;
542 	n->tn_lvalue = true;
543 
544 	n->tn_string = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*n->tn_string));
545 	n->tn_string->st_char = strg->st_char;
546 	n->tn_string->st_len = len;
547 
548 	size_t chsize = strg->st_char ? sizeof(char) : sizeof(wchar_t);
549 	size_t size = (len + 1) * chsize;
550 	n->tn_string->st_mem = expr_zero_alloc(size);
551 	(void)memcpy(n->tn_string->st_mem, strg->st_mem, size);
552 	free(strg->st_mem);
553 	free(strg);
554 
555 	return n;
556 }
557 
558 /*
559  * Returns a symbol which has the same name as the msym argument and is a
560  * member of the struct or union specified by the tn argument.
561  */
562 static sym_t *
563 struct_or_union_member(tnode_t *tn, op_t op, sym_t *msym)
564 {
565 	struct_or_union	*str;
566 	type_t	*tp;
567 	sym_t	*sym, *csym;
568 	bool	eq;
569 	tspec_t	t;
570 
571 	/*
572 	 * Remove the member if it was unknown until now, which means
573 	 * that no defined struct or union has a member with the same name.
574 	 */
575 	if (msym->s_scl == NOSCL) {
576 		/* type '%s' does not have member '%s' */
577 		error(101, type_name(tn->tn_type), msym->s_name);
578 		rmsym(msym);
579 		msym->s_kind = FMEMBER;
580 		msym->s_scl = MOS;
581 
582 		struct_or_union *sou = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*sou));
583 		sou->sou_tag = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*sou->sou_tag));
584 		sou->sou_tag->s_name = unnamed;
585 
586 		msym->u.s_member.sm_sou_type = sou;
587 		/*
588 		 * The member sm_offset_in_bits is not needed here since this
589 		 * symbol can only be used for error reporting.
590 		 */
591 		return msym;
592 	}
593 
594 	/* Set str to the tag of which msym is expected to be a member. */
595 	str = NULL;
596 	t = (tp = tn->tn_type)->t_tspec;
597 	if (op == POINT) {
598 		if (is_struct_or_union(t))
599 			str = tp->t_str;
600 	} else if (op == ARROW && t == PTR) {
601 		t = (tp = tp->t_subt)->t_tspec;
602 		if (is_struct_or_union(t))
603 			str = tp->t_str;
604 	}
605 
606 	/*
607 	 * If this struct/union has a member with the name of msym, return it.
608 	 */
609 	if (str != NULL) {
610 		for (sym = msym; sym != NULL; sym = sym->s_symtab_next) {
611 			if (!is_member(sym))
612 				continue;
613 			if (sym->u.s_member.sm_sou_type != str)
614 				continue;
615 			if (strcmp(sym->s_name, msym->s_name) != 0)
616 				continue;
617 			return sym;
618 		}
619 	}
620 
621 	/*
622 	 * Set eq to false if there are struct/union members with the same
623 	 * name and different types and/or offsets.
624 	 */
625 	eq = true;
626 	for (csym = msym; csym != NULL; csym = csym->s_symtab_next) {
627 		if (csym->s_scl != MOS && csym->s_scl != MOU)
628 			continue;
629 		if (strcmp(msym->s_name, csym->s_name) != 0)
630 			continue;
631 		for (sym = csym->s_symtab_next; sym != NULL;
632 		    sym = sym->s_symtab_next) {
633 			bool w;
634 
635 			if (sym->s_scl != MOS && sym->s_scl != MOU)
636 				continue;
637 			if (strcmp(csym->s_name, sym->s_name) != 0)
638 				continue;
639 			if (csym->u.s_member.sm_offset_in_bits !=
640 			    sym->u.s_member.sm_offset_in_bits) {
641 				eq = false;
642 				break;
643 			}
644 			w = false;
645 			eq = types_compatible(csym->s_type, sym->s_type,
646 			    false, false, &w) && !w;
647 			if (!eq)
648 				break;
649 			if (csym->s_bitfield != sym->s_bitfield) {
650 				eq = false;
651 				break;
652 			}
653 			if (csym->s_bitfield) {
654 				type_t	*tp1, *tp2;
655 
656 				tp1 = csym->s_type;
657 				tp2 = sym->s_type;
658 				if (tp1->t_flen != tp2->t_flen) {
659 					eq = false;
660 					break;
661 				}
662 				if (tp1->t_foffs != tp2->t_foffs) {
663 					eq = false;
664 					break;
665 				}
666 			}
667 		}
668 		if (!eq)
669 			break;
670 	}
671 
672 	/*
673 	 * Now handle the case in which the left operand refers really
674 	 * to a struct/union, but the right operand is not member of it.
675 	 */
676 	if (str != NULL) {
677 		if (eq && !allow_c90) {
678 			/* illegal use of member '%s' */
679 			warning(102, msym->s_name);
680 		} else {
681 			/* illegal use of member '%s' */
682 			error(102, msym->s_name);
683 		}
684 		return msym;
685 	}
686 
687 	/*
688 	 * Now the left operand of ARROW does not point to a struct/union
689 	 * or the left operand of POINT is no struct/union.
690 	 */
691 	if (eq) {
692 		if (op == POINT) {
693 			if (!allow_c90) {
694 				/* left operand of '.' must be struct ... */
695 				warning(103, type_name(tn->tn_type));
696 			} else {
697 				/* left operand of '.' must be struct ... */
698 				error(103, type_name(tn->tn_type));
699 			}
700 		} else {
701 			if (!allow_c90 && tn->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR) {
702 				/* left operand of '->' must be pointer ... */
703 				warning(104, type_name(tn->tn_type));
704 			} else {
705 				/* left operand of '->' must be pointer ... */
706 				error(104, type_name(tn->tn_type));
707 			}
708 		}
709 	} else {
710 		if (!allow_c90) {
711 			/* non-unique member requires struct/union %s */
712 			error(105, op == POINT ? "object" : "pointer");
713 		} else {
714 			/* unacceptable operand of '%s' */
715 			error(111, op_name(op));
716 		}
717 	}
718 
719 	return msym;
720 }
721 
722 tnode_t *
723 build_generic_selection(const tnode_t *expr,
724 			struct generic_association *sel)
725 {
726 	tnode_t *default_result = NULL;
727 
728 	for (; sel != NULL; sel = sel->ga_prev) {
729 		if (expr != NULL &&
730 		    types_compatible(sel->ga_arg, expr->tn_type,
731 			false, false, NULL))
732 			return sel->ga_result;
733 		else if (sel->ga_arg == NULL)
734 			default_result = sel->ga_result;
735 	}
736 	return default_result;
737 }
738 
739 /*
740  * Create a tree node for a binary operator and its two operands. Also called
741  * for unary operators; in that case rn is NULL.
742  *
743  * Function calls, sizeof and casts are handled elsewhere.
744  */
745 tnode_t *
746 build_binary(tnode_t *ln, op_t op, bool sys, tnode_t *rn)
747 {
748 	const mod_t *mp;
749 	tnode_t	*ntn;
750 	type_t	*rettp;
751 
752 	mp = &modtab[op];
753 
754 	/* If there was an error in one of the operands, return. */
755 	if (ln == NULL || (mp->m_binary && rn == NULL))
756 		return NULL;
757 
758 	/*
759 	 * Apply class conversions to the left operand, but only if its
760 	 * value is needed or it is compared with zero.
761 	 */
762 	if (mp->m_value_context || mp->m_compares_with_zero)
763 		ln = cconv(ln);
764 	/*
765 	 * The right operand is almost always in a test or value context,
766 	 * except if it is a struct or union member.
767 	 */
768 	if (mp->m_binary && op != ARROW && op != POINT)
769 		rn = cconv(rn);
770 
771 	/*
772 	 * Print some warnings for comparisons of unsigned values with
773 	 * constants lower than or equal to null. This must be done
774 	 * before promote() because otherwise unsigned char and unsigned
775 	 * short would be promoted to int. Types are also tested to be
776 	 * CHAR, which would also become int.
777 	 */
778 	if (mp->m_comparison)
779 		check_integer_comparison(op, ln, rn);
780 
781 	if (mp->m_value_context || mp->m_compares_with_zero)
782 		ln = promote(op, false, ln);
783 	if (mp->m_binary && op != ARROW && op != POINT &&
784 	    op != ASSIGN && op != RETURN && op != INIT) {
785 		rn = promote(op, false, rn);
786 	}
787 
788 	/*
789 	 * If the result of the operation is different for signed or
790 	 * unsigned operands and one of the operands is signed only in
791 	 * ANSI C, print a warning.
792 	 */
793 	if (mp->m_warn_if_left_unsigned_in_c90 &&
794 	    ln->tn_op == CON && ln->tn_val->v_unsigned_since_c90) {
795 		/* ANSI C treats constant as unsigned, op '%s' */
796 		warning(218, mp->m_name);
797 		ln->tn_val->v_unsigned_since_c90 = false;
798 	}
799 	if (mp->m_warn_if_right_unsigned_in_c90 &&
800 	    rn->tn_op == CON && rn->tn_val->v_unsigned_since_c90) {
801 		/* ANSI C treats constant as unsigned, op '%s' */
802 		warning(218, mp->m_name);
803 		rn->tn_val->v_unsigned_since_c90 = false;
804 	}
805 
806 	/* Make sure both operands are of the same type */
807 	if (mp->m_balance_operands || (!allow_c90 && (op == SHL || op == SHR)))
808 		balance(op, &ln, &rn);
809 
810 	/*
811 	 * Check types for compatibility with the operation and mutual
812 	 * compatibility. Return if there are serious problems.
813 	 */
814 	if (!typeok(op, 0, ln, rn))
815 		return NULL;
816 
817 	/* And now create the node. */
818 	switch (op) {
819 	case POINT:
820 	case ARROW:
821 		ntn = build_struct_access(op, sys, ln, rn);
822 		break;
823 	case INCAFT:
824 	case DECAFT:
825 	case INCBEF:
826 	case DECBEF:
827 		ntn = build_prepost_incdec(op, sys, ln);
828 		break;
829 	case ADDR:
830 		ntn = build_address(sys, ln, false);
831 		break;
832 	case INDIR:
833 		ntn = new_tnode(INDIR, sys, ln->tn_type->t_subt, ln, NULL);
834 		break;
835 	case PLUS:
836 	case MINUS:
837 		ntn = build_plus_minus(op, sys, ln, rn);
838 		break;
839 	case SHL:
840 	case SHR:
841 		ntn = build_bit_shift(op, sys, ln, rn);
842 		break;
843 	case COLON:
844 		ntn = build_colon(sys, ln, rn);
845 		break;
846 	case ASSIGN:
847 	case MULASS:
848 	case DIVASS:
849 	case MODASS:
850 	case ADDASS:
851 	case SUBASS:
852 	case SHLASS:
853 	case SHRASS:
854 	case ANDASS:
855 	case XORASS:
856 	case ORASS:
857 	case RETURN:
858 	case INIT:
859 		ntn = build_assignment(op, sys, ln, rn);
860 		break;
861 	case COMMA:
862 	case QUEST:
863 		ntn = new_tnode(op, sys, rn->tn_type, ln, rn);
864 		break;
865 	case REAL:
866 	case IMAG:
867 		ntn = build_real_imag(op, sys, ln);
868 		break;
869 	default:
870 		rettp = mp->m_returns_bool
871 		    ? gettyp(Tflag ? BOOL : INT) : ln->tn_type;
872 		lint_assert(mp->m_binary == (rn != NULL));
873 		ntn = new_tnode(op, sys, rettp, ln, rn);
874 		break;
875 	}
876 
877 	/* Return if an error occurred. */
878 	if (ntn == NULL)
879 		return NULL;
880 
881 	/* Print a warning if precedence confusion is possible */
882 	if (mp->m_possible_precedence_confusion)
883 		check_precedence_confusion(ntn);
884 
885 	/*
886 	 * Print a warning if one of the operands is in a context where
887 	 * it is compared with zero and if this operand is a constant.
888 	 */
889 	if (hflag && !constcond_flag &&
890 	    mp->m_compares_with_zero &&
891 	    (ln->tn_op == CON ||
892 	     ((mp->m_binary && op != QUEST) && rn->tn_op == CON)) &&
893 	    /* XXX: rn->tn_system_dependent should be checked as well */
894 	    !ln->tn_system_dependent) {
895 		/* constant in conditional context */
896 		warning(161);
897 	}
898 
899 	/* Fold if the operator requires it */
900 	if (mp->m_fold_constant_operands) {
901 		if (ln->tn_op == CON && (!mp->m_binary || rn->tn_op == CON)) {
902 			if (mp->m_compares_with_zero) {
903 				ntn = fold_bool(ntn);
904 			} else if (is_floating(ntn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
905 				ntn = fold_float(ntn);
906 			} else {
907 				ntn = fold(ntn);
908 			}
909 		} else if (op == QUEST && ln->tn_op == CON) {
910 			ntn = ln->tn_val->v_quad != 0
911 			    ? rn->tn_left : rn->tn_right;
912 		}
913 	}
914 
915 	return ntn;
916 }
917 
918 tnode_t *
919 build_unary(op_t op, bool sys, tnode_t *tn)
920 {
921 	return build_binary(tn, op, sys, NULL);
922 }
923 
924 tnode_t *
925 build_member_access(tnode_t *ln, op_t op, bool sys, sbuf_t *member)
926 {
927 	sym_t	*msym;
928 
929 	if (ln == NULL)
930 		return NULL;
931 
932 	if (op == ARROW) {
933 		/* must do this before struct_or_union_member is called */
934 		ln = cconv(ln);
935 	}
936 	msym = struct_or_union_member(ln, op, getsym(member));
937 	return build_binary(ln, op, sys, build_name(msym, false));
938 }
939 
940 /*
941  * Perform class conversions.
942  *
943  * Arrays of type T are converted into pointers to type T.
944  * Functions are converted to pointers to functions.
945  * Lvalues are converted to rvalues.
946  *
947  * C99 6.3 "Conversions"
948  * C99 6.3.2 "Other operands"
949  * C99 6.3.2.1 "Lvalues, arrays, and function designators"
950  */
951 tnode_t *
952 cconv(tnode_t *tn)
953 {
954 	type_t	*tp;
955 
956 	/*
957 	 * Array-lvalue (array of type T) is converted into rvalue
958 	 * (pointer to type T)
959 	 */
960 	if (tn->tn_type->t_tspec == ARRAY) {
961 		if (!tn->tn_lvalue) {
962 			/* XXX print correct operator */
963 			/* %soperand of '%s' must be lvalue */
964 			gnuism(114, "", op_name(ADDR));
965 		}
966 		tn = new_tnode(ADDR, tn->tn_sys,
967 		    expr_derive_type(tn->tn_type->t_subt, PTR), tn, NULL);
968 	}
969 
970 	/*
971 	 * Expression of type function (function with return value of type T)
972 	 * in rvalue-expression (pointer to function with return value
973 	 * of type T)
974 	 */
975 	if (tn->tn_type->t_tspec == FUNC)
976 		tn = build_address(tn->tn_sys, tn, true);
977 
978 	/* lvalue to rvalue */
979 	if (tn->tn_lvalue) {
980 		tp = expr_dup_type(tn->tn_type);
981 		/* C99 6.3.2.1p2 sentence 2 says to remove the qualifiers. */
982 		tp->t_const = tp->t_volatile = false;
983 		tn = new_tnode(LOAD, tn->tn_sys, tp, tn, NULL);
984 	}
985 
986 	return tn;
987 }
988 
989 const tnode_t *
990 before_conversion(const tnode_t *tn)
991 {
992 	while (tn->tn_op == CVT && !tn->tn_cast)
993 		tn = tn->tn_left;
994 	return tn;
995 }
996 
997 static bool
998 is_null_pointer(const tnode_t *tn)
999 {
1000 	tspec_t t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
1001 
1002 	return ((t == PTR && tn->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID) ||
1003 		is_integer(t))
1004 	       && (tn->tn_op == CON && tn->tn_val->v_quad == 0);
1005 }
1006 
1007 /*
1008  * Most errors required by ANSI C are reported in struct_or_union_member().
1009  * Here we only check for totally wrong things.
1010  */
1011 static bool
1012 typeok_point(const tnode_t *ln, const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt)
1013 {
1014 	if (is_struct_or_union(lt))
1015 		return true;
1016 
1017 	if (lt == FUNC || lt == VOID || ltp->t_bitfield)
1018 		goto wrong;
1019 
1020 	/*
1021 	 * Some C dialects from before C90 tolerated any lvalue on the
1022 	 * left-hand side of the '.' operator, allowing things like
1023 	 * char st[100]; st.st_mtime, assuming that the member 'st_mtime'
1024 	 * only occurred in a single struct; see typeok_arrow.
1025 	 */
1026 	if (ln->tn_lvalue)
1027 		return true;
1028 
1029 wrong:
1030 	/* With allow_c90 we already got an error */
1031 	if (!allow_c90)
1032 		/* unacceptable operand of '%s' */
1033 		error(111, op_name(POINT));
1034 
1035 	return false;
1036 }
1037 
1038 static bool
1039 typeok_arrow(tspec_t lt)
1040 {
1041 	/*
1042 	 * C1978 Appendix A 14.1 says: <quote>In fact, any lvalue is allowed
1043 	 * before '.', and that lvalue is then assumed to have the form of
1044 	 * the structure of which the name of the right is a member. [...]
1045 	 * Such constructions are non-portable.</quote>
1046 	 */
1047 	if (lt == PTR || (!allow_c90 && is_integer(lt)))
1048 		return true;
1049 
1050 	/* With allow_c90 we already got an error */
1051 	if (!allow_c90)
1052 		/* unacceptable operand of '%s' */
1053 		error(111, op_name(ARROW));
1054 	return false;
1055 }
1056 
1057 static bool
1058 typeok_incdec(op_t op, const tnode_t *tn, const type_t *tp)
1059 {
1060 	/* operand has scalar type (checked in typeok) */
1061 	if (!tn->tn_lvalue) {
1062 		if (tn->tn_op == CVT && tn->tn_cast &&
1063 		    tn->tn_left->tn_op == LOAD) {
1064 			/* a cast does not yield an lvalue */
1065 			error(163);
1066 		}
1067 		/* %soperand of '%s' must be lvalue */
1068 		error(114, "", op_name(op));
1069 		return false;
1070 	} else if (tp->t_const) {
1071 		if (allow_c90)
1072 			/* %soperand of '%s' must be modifiable lvalue */
1073 			warning(115, "", op_name(op));
1074 	}
1075 	return true;
1076 }
1077 
1078 static bool
1079 typeok_address(const mod_t *mp,
1080 	       const tnode_t *tn, const type_t *tp, tspec_t t)
1081 {
1082 	if (t == ARRAY || t == FUNC) {
1083 		/* ok, a warning comes later (in build_address()) */
1084 	} else if (!tn->tn_lvalue) {
1085 		if (tn->tn_op == CVT && tn->tn_cast &&
1086 		    tn->tn_left->tn_op == LOAD) {
1087 			/* a cast does not yield an lvalue */
1088 			error(163);
1089 		}
1090 		/* %soperand of '%s' must be lvalue */
1091 		error(114, "", mp->m_name);
1092 		return false;
1093 	} else if (is_scalar(t)) {
1094 		if (tp->t_bitfield) {
1095 			/* cannot take address of bit-field */
1096 			error(112);
1097 			return false;
1098 		}
1099 	} else if (t != STRUCT && t != UNION) {
1100 		/* unacceptable operand of '%s' */
1101 		error(111, mp->m_name);
1102 		return false;
1103 	}
1104 	if (tn->tn_op == NAME && tn->tn_sym->s_register) {
1105 		/* cannot take address of register '%s' */
1106 		error(113, tn->tn_sym->s_name);
1107 		return false;
1108 	}
1109 	return true;
1110 }
1111 
1112 static bool
1113 typeok_indir(const type_t *tp, tspec_t t)
1114 {
1115 
1116 	if (t != PTR) {
1117 		/* cannot dereference non-pointer type '%s' */
1118 		error(96, type_name(tp));
1119 		return false;
1120 	}
1121 	return true;
1122 }
1123 
1124 static bool
1125 typeok_plus(op_t op,
1126 	    const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt,
1127 	    const type_t *rtp, tspec_t rt)
1128 {
1129 	/* operands have scalar types (checked in typeok) */
1130 	if ((lt == PTR && !is_integer(rt)) || (rt == PTR && !is_integer(lt))) {
1131 		warn_incompatible_types(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1132 		return false;
1133 	}
1134 	return true;
1135 }
1136 
1137 static bool
1138 typeok_minus(op_t op,
1139 	     const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt,
1140 	     const type_t *rtp, tspec_t rt)
1141 {
1142 	/* operands have scalar types (checked in typeok) */
1143 	if ((lt == PTR && rt != PTR && !is_integer(rt)) ||
1144 	    (lt != PTR && rt == PTR)) {
1145 		warn_incompatible_types(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1146 		return false;
1147 	}
1148 	if (lt == PTR && rt == PTR) {
1149 		if (!types_compatible(ltp->t_subt, rtp->t_subt,
1150 		    true, false, NULL)) {
1151 			/* illegal pointer subtraction */
1152 			error(116);
1153 		}
1154 	}
1155 	return true;
1156 }
1157 
1158 static void
1159 typeok_shr(const mod_t *mp,
1160 	   const tnode_t *ln, tspec_t lt,
1161 	   const tnode_t *rn, tspec_t rt)
1162 {
1163 	tspec_t olt, ort;
1164 
1165 	olt = before_conversion(ln)->tn_type->t_tspec;
1166 	ort = before_conversion(rn)->tn_type->t_tspec;
1167 
1168 	/* operands have integer types (checked in typeok) */
1169 	if (pflag && !is_uinteger(olt)) {
1170 		/*
1171 		 * The left operand is signed. This means that
1172 		 * the operation is (possibly) nonportable.
1173 		 */
1174 		if (ln->tn_op != CON) {
1175 			/* bitwise '%s' on signed value possibly nonportable */
1176 			warning(117, mp->m_name);
1177 		} else if (ln->tn_val->v_quad < 0) {
1178 			/* bitwise '%s' on signed value nonportable */
1179 			warning(120, mp->m_name);
1180 		}
1181 	} else if (allow_trad && allow_c90 &&
1182 		   !is_uinteger(olt) && is_uinteger(ort)) {
1183 		/*
1184 		 * The left operand would become unsigned in
1185 		 * traditional C.
1186 		 */
1187 		if (hflag && (ln->tn_op != CON || ln->tn_val->v_quad < 0)) {
1188 			/* semantics of '%s' change in ANSI C; use ... */
1189 			warning(118, mp->m_name);
1190 		}
1191 	} else if (allow_trad && allow_c90 &&
1192 		   !is_uinteger(olt) && !is_uinteger(ort) &&
1193 		   portable_size_in_bits(lt) < portable_size_in_bits(rt)) {
1194 		/*
1195 		 * In traditional C the left operand would be extended
1196 		 * (possibly sign-extended) and then shifted.
1197 		 */
1198 		if (hflag && (ln->tn_op != CON || ln->tn_val->v_quad < 0)) {
1199 			/* semantics of '%s' change in ANSI C; use ... */
1200 			warning(118, mp->m_name);
1201 		}
1202 	}
1203 }
1204 
1205 static void
1206 typeok_shl(const mod_t *mp, tspec_t lt, tspec_t rt)
1207 {
1208 	/*
1209 	 * C90 does not perform balancing for shift operations,
1210 	 * but traditional C does. If the width of the right operand
1211 	 * is greater than the width of the left operand, then in
1212 	 * traditional C the left operand would be extended to the
1213 	 * width of the right operand. For SHL this may result in
1214 	 * different results.
1215 	 */
1216 	if (portable_size_in_bits(lt) < portable_size_in_bits(rt)) {
1217 		/*
1218 		 * XXX If both operands are constant, make sure
1219 		 * that there is really a difference between
1220 		 * ANSI C and traditional C.
1221 		 */
1222 		if (hflag && !allow_c99)
1223 			/* semantics of '%s' change in ANSI C; use ... */
1224 			warning(118, mp->m_name);
1225 	}
1226 }
1227 
1228 static void
1229 typeok_shift(const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt, const tnode_t *rn, tspec_t rt)
1230 {
1231 	if (rn->tn_op != CON)
1232 		return;
1233 
1234 	if (!is_uinteger(rt) && rn->tn_val->v_quad < 0) {
1235 		/* negative shift */
1236 		warning(121);
1237 	} else if ((uint64_t)rn->tn_val->v_quad ==
1238 		   (uint64_t)size_in_bits(lt)) {
1239 		/* shift amount %u equals bit-size of '%s' */
1240 		warning(267, (unsigned)rn->tn_val->v_quad, type_name(ltp));
1241 	} else if ((uint64_t)rn->tn_val->v_quad > (uint64_t)size_in_bits(lt)) {
1242 		/* shift amount %llu is greater than bit-size %llu of '%s' */
1243 		warning(122, (unsigned long long)rn->tn_val->v_quad,
1244 		    (unsigned long long)size_in_bits(lt),
1245 		    tspec_name(lt));
1246 	}
1247 }
1248 
1249 static bool
1250 is_typeok_eq(const tnode_t *ln, tspec_t lt, const tnode_t *rn, tspec_t rt)
1251 {
1252 	if (lt == PTR && is_null_pointer(rn))
1253 		return true;
1254 	if (rt == PTR && is_null_pointer(ln))
1255 		return true;
1256 	return false;
1257 }
1258 
1259 static bool
1260 typeok_compare(op_t op,
1261 	       const tnode_t *ln, const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt,
1262 	       const tnode_t *rn, const type_t *rtp, tspec_t rt)
1263 {
1264 	const char *lx, *rx;
1265 
1266 	if (lt == PTR && rt == PTR) {
1267 		check_pointer_comparison(op, ln, rn);
1268 		return true;
1269 	}
1270 
1271 	if (lt != PTR && rt != PTR)
1272 		return true;
1273 
1274 	if (!is_integer(lt) && !is_integer(rt)) {
1275 		warn_incompatible_types(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1276 		return false;
1277 	}
1278 
1279 	lx = lt == PTR ? "pointer" : "integer";
1280 	rx = rt == PTR ? "pointer" : "integer";
1281 	/* illegal combination of %s '%s' and %s '%s', op '%s' */
1282 	warning(123, lx, type_name(ltp), rx, type_name(rtp), op_name(op));
1283 	return true;
1284 }
1285 
1286 static bool
1287 typeok_quest(tspec_t lt, const tnode_t *rn)
1288 {
1289 	if (!is_scalar(lt)) {
1290 		/* first operand must have scalar type, op ? : */
1291 		error(170);
1292 		return false;
1293 	}
1294 	lint_assert(before_conversion(rn)->tn_op == COLON);
1295 	return true;
1296 }
1297 
1298 static void
1299 typeok_colon_pointer(const mod_t *mp, const type_t *ltp, const type_t *rtp)
1300 {
1301 	type_t *lstp = ltp->t_subt;
1302 	type_t *rstp = rtp->t_subt;
1303 	tspec_t lst = lstp->t_tspec;
1304 	tspec_t rst = rstp->t_tspec;
1305 
1306 	if ((lst == VOID && rst == FUNC) || (lst == FUNC && rst == VOID)) {
1307 		/* (void *)0 is handled in typeok_colon */
1308 		/* TODO: C99 behaves like C90 here. */
1309 		if (!allow_trad && !allow_c99)
1310 			/* ANSI C forbids conversion of %s to %s, op %s */
1311 			warning(305, "function pointer", "'void *'",
1312 			    mp->m_name);
1313 		return;
1314 	}
1315 
1316 	if (pointer_types_are_compatible(lstp, rstp, true))
1317 		return;
1318 	if (!types_compatible(lstp, rstp, true, false, NULL))
1319 		warn_incompatible_pointers(mp, ltp, rtp);
1320 }
1321 
1322 static bool
1323 typeok_colon(const mod_t *mp,
1324 	     const tnode_t *ln, const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt,
1325 	     const tnode_t *rn, const type_t *rtp, tspec_t rt)
1326 {
1327 
1328 	if (is_arithmetic(lt) && is_arithmetic(rt))
1329 		return true;
1330 	if (lt == BOOL && rt == BOOL)
1331 		return true;
1332 
1333 	if (lt == STRUCT && rt == STRUCT && ltp->t_str == rtp->t_str)
1334 		return true;
1335 	if (lt == UNION && rt == UNION && ltp->t_str == rtp->t_str)
1336 		return true;
1337 
1338 	if (lt == PTR && is_null_pointer(rn))
1339 		return true;
1340 	if (rt == PTR && is_null_pointer(ln))
1341 		return true;
1342 
1343 	if ((lt == PTR && is_integer(rt)) || (is_integer(lt) && rt == PTR)) {
1344 		const char *lx = lt == PTR ? "pointer" : "integer";
1345 		const char *rx = rt == PTR ? "pointer" : "integer";
1346 		/* illegal combination of %s '%s' and %s '%s', op '%s' */
1347 		warning(123, lx, type_name(ltp),
1348 		    rx, type_name(rtp), mp->m_name);
1349 		return true;
1350 	}
1351 
1352 	if (lt == VOID || rt == VOID) {
1353 		if (lt != VOID || rt != VOID)
1354 			/* incompatible types '%s' and '%s' in conditional */
1355 			warning(126, type_name(ltp), type_name(rtp));
1356 		return true;
1357 	}
1358 
1359 	if (lt == PTR && rt == PTR) {
1360 		typeok_colon_pointer(mp, ltp, rtp);
1361 		return true;
1362 	}
1363 
1364 	/* incompatible types '%s' and '%s' in conditional */
1365 	error(126, type_name(ltp), type_name(rtp));
1366 	return false;
1367 }
1368 
1369 static bool
1370 typeok_assign(op_t op, const tnode_t *ln, const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt)
1371 {
1372 	if (op == RETURN || op == INIT || op == FARG)
1373 		return true;
1374 
1375 	if (!ln->tn_lvalue) {
1376 		if (ln->tn_op == CVT && ln->tn_cast &&
1377 		    ln->tn_left->tn_op == LOAD) {
1378 			/* a cast does not yield an lvalue */
1379 			error(163);
1380 		}
1381 		/* %soperand of '%s' must be lvalue */
1382 		error(114, "left ", op_name(op));
1383 		return false;
1384 	} else if (ltp->t_const || (is_struct_or_union(lt) &&
1385 				    has_constant_member(ltp))) {
1386 		if (allow_c90)
1387 			/* %soperand of '%s' must be modifiable lvalue */
1388 			warning(115, "left ", op_name(op));
1389 	}
1390 	return true;
1391 }
1392 
1393 /* Check the types using the information from modtab[]. */
1394 static bool
1395 typeok_scalar(op_t op, const mod_t *mp,
1396 	      const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt,
1397 	      const type_t *rtp, tspec_t rt)
1398 {
1399 	if (mp->m_takes_bool && lt == BOOL && rt == BOOL)
1400 		return true;
1401 	if (mp->m_requires_integer) {
1402 		if (!is_integer(lt) || (mp->m_binary && !is_integer(rt))) {
1403 			warn_incompatible_types(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1404 			return false;
1405 		}
1406 	} else if (mp->m_requires_integer_or_complex) {
1407 		if ((!is_integer(lt) && !is_complex(lt)) ||
1408 		    (mp->m_binary && (!is_integer(rt) && !is_complex(rt)))) {
1409 			warn_incompatible_types(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1410 			return false;
1411 		}
1412 	} else if (mp->m_requires_scalar) {
1413 		if (!is_scalar(lt) || (mp->m_binary && !is_scalar(rt))) {
1414 			warn_incompatible_types(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1415 			return false;
1416 		}
1417 	} else if (mp->m_requires_arith) {
1418 		if (!is_arithmetic(lt) ||
1419 		    (mp->m_binary && !is_arithmetic(rt))) {
1420 			warn_incompatible_types(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1421 			return false;
1422 		}
1423 	}
1424 	return true;
1425 }
1426 
1427 /*
1428  * Check the types for specific operators and type combinations.
1429  *
1430  * At this point, the operands already conform to the type requirements of
1431  * the operator, such as being integer, floating or scalar.
1432  */
1433 static bool
1434 typeok_op(op_t op, const mod_t *mp, int arg,
1435 	  const tnode_t *ln, const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt,
1436 	  const tnode_t *rn, const type_t *rtp, tspec_t rt)
1437 {
1438 	switch (op) {
1439 	case ARROW:
1440 		return typeok_arrow(lt);
1441 	case POINT:
1442 		return typeok_point(ln, ltp, lt);
1443 	case INCBEF:
1444 	case DECBEF:
1445 	case INCAFT:
1446 	case DECAFT:
1447 		return typeok_incdec(op, ln, ltp);
1448 	case INDIR:
1449 		return typeok_indir(ltp, lt);
1450 	case ADDR:
1451 		return typeok_address(mp, ln, ltp, lt);
1452 	case PLUS:
1453 		return typeok_plus(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1454 	case MINUS:
1455 		return typeok_minus(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1456 	case SHL:
1457 		typeok_shl(mp, lt, rt);
1458 		goto shift;
1459 	case SHR:
1460 		typeok_shr(mp, ln, lt, rn, rt);
1461 	shift:
1462 		typeok_shift(ltp, lt, rn, rt);
1463 		break;
1464 	case LT:
1465 	case LE:
1466 	case GT:
1467 	case GE:
1468 	compare:
1469 		return typeok_compare(op, ln, ltp, lt, rn, rtp, rt);
1470 	case EQ:
1471 	case NE:
1472 		if (is_typeok_eq(ln, lt, rn, rt))
1473 			break;
1474 		goto compare;
1475 	case QUEST:
1476 		return typeok_quest(lt, rn);
1477 	case COLON:
1478 		return typeok_colon(mp, ln, ltp, lt, rn, rtp, rt);
1479 	case ASSIGN:
1480 	case INIT:
1481 	case FARG:
1482 	case RETURN:
1483 		if (!check_assign_types_compatible(op, arg, ln, rn))
1484 			return false;
1485 		goto assign;
1486 	case MULASS:
1487 	case DIVASS:
1488 	case MODASS:
1489 		goto assign;
1490 	case ADDASS:
1491 	case SUBASS:
1492 		if ((lt == PTR && !is_integer(rt)) || rt == PTR) {
1493 			warn_incompatible_types(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1494 			return false;
1495 		}
1496 		goto assign;
1497 	case SHLASS:
1498 		goto assign;
1499 	case SHRASS:
1500 		if (pflag && !is_uinteger(lt) &&
1501 		    !(!allow_c90 && is_uinteger(rt))) {
1502 			/* bitwise '%s' on signed value possibly nonportable */
1503 			warning(117, mp->m_name);
1504 		}
1505 		goto assign;
1506 	case ANDASS:
1507 	case XORASS:
1508 	case ORASS:
1509 	assign:
1510 		return typeok_assign(op, ln, ltp, lt);
1511 	case COMMA:
1512 		if (!modtab[ln->tn_op].m_has_side_effect)
1513 			check_null_effect(ln);
1514 		break;
1515 	default:
1516 		break;
1517 	}
1518 	return true;
1519 }
1520 
1521 static void
1522 typeok_enum(op_t op, const mod_t *mp, int arg,
1523 	    const tnode_t *ln, const type_t *ltp,
1524 	    const tnode_t *rn, const type_t *rtp)
1525 {
1526 	if (mp->m_bad_on_enum &&
1527 	    (ltp->t_is_enum || (mp->m_binary && rtp->t_is_enum))) {
1528 		check_bad_enum_operation(op, ln, rn);
1529 	} else if (mp->m_valid_on_enum &&
1530 		   (ltp->t_is_enum && rtp != NULL && rtp->t_is_enum)) {
1531 		check_enum_type_mismatch(op, arg, ln, rn);
1532 	} else if (mp->m_valid_on_enum &&
1533 		   (ltp->t_is_enum || (rtp != NULL && rtp->t_is_enum))) {
1534 		check_enum_int_mismatch(op, arg, ln, rn);
1535 	}
1536 }
1537 
1538 /* Perform most type checks. Return whether the types are ok. */
1539 bool
1540 typeok(op_t op, int arg, const tnode_t *ln, const tnode_t *rn)
1541 {
1542 	const mod_t *mp;
1543 	tspec_t	lt, rt;
1544 	type_t	*ltp, *rtp;
1545 
1546 	mp = &modtab[op];
1547 
1548 	lint_assert((ltp = ln->tn_type) != NULL);
1549 	lt = ltp->t_tspec;
1550 
1551 	if (mp->m_binary) {
1552 		lint_assert((rtp = rn->tn_type) != NULL);
1553 		rt = rtp->t_tspec;
1554 	} else {
1555 		rtp = NULL;
1556 		rt = NOTSPEC;
1557 	}
1558 
1559 	if (Tflag && !typeok_scalar_strict_bool(op, mp, arg, ln, rn))
1560 		return false;
1561 	if (!typeok_scalar(op, mp, ltp, lt, rtp, rt))
1562 		return false;
1563 
1564 	if (!typeok_op(op, mp, arg, ln, ltp, lt, rn, rtp, rt))
1565 		return false;
1566 
1567 	typeok_enum(op, mp, arg, ln, ltp, rn, rtp);
1568 	return true;
1569 }
1570 
1571 static void
1572 check_pointer_comparison(op_t op, const tnode_t *ln, const tnode_t *rn)
1573 {
1574 	type_t	*ltp, *rtp;
1575 	tspec_t	lst, rst;
1576 	const	char *lsts, *rsts;
1577 
1578 	lst = (ltp = ln->tn_type)->t_subt->t_tspec;
1579 	rst = (rtp = rn->tn_type)->t_subt->t_tspec;
1580 
1581 	if (lst == VOID || rst == VOID) {
1582 		/* TODO: C99 behaves like C90 here. */
1583 		if ((!allow_trad && !allow_c99) &&
1584 		    (lst == FUNC || rst == FUNC)) {
1585 			/* (void *)0 already handled in typeok() */
1586 			*(lst == FUNC ? &lsts : &rsts) = "function pointer";
1587 			*(lst == VOID ? &lsts : &rsts) = "'void *'";
1588 			/* ANSI C forbids comparison of %s with %s */
1589 			warning(274, lsts, rsts);
1590 		}
1591 		return;
1592 	}
1593 
1594 	if (!types_compatible(ltp->t_subt, rtp->t_subt, true, false, NULL)) {
1595 		warn_incompatible_pointers(&modtab[op], ltp, rtp);
1596 		return;
1597 	}
1598 
1599 	if (lst == FUNC && rst == FUNC) {
1600 		/* TODO: C99 behaves like C90 here, see C99 6.5.8p2. */
1601 		if ((!allow_trad && !allow_c99) && op != EQ && op != NE)
1602 			/* ANSI C forbids ordered comparisons of ... */
1603 			warning(125);
1604 	}
1605 }
1606 
1607 static bool
1608 is_direct_function_call(const tnode_t *tn, const char **out_name)
1609 {
1610 
1611 	if (!(tn->tn_op == CALL &&
1612 	      tn->tn_left->tn_op == ADDR &&
1613 	      tn->tn_left->tn_left->tn_op == NAME))
1614 		return false;
1615 
1616 	*out_name = tn->tn_left->tn_left->tn_sym->s_name;
1617 	return true;
1618 }
1619 
1620 static bool
1621 is_unconst_function(const char *name)
1622 {
1623 
1624 	return strcmp(name, "memchr") == 0 ||
1625 	       strcmp(name, "strchr") == 0 ||
1626 	       strcmp(name, "strpbrk") == 0 ||
1627 	       strcmp(name, "strrchr") == 0 ||
1628 	       strcmp(name, "strstr") == 0;
1629 }
1630 
1631 static bool
1632 is_const_char_pointer(const tnode_t *tn)
1633 {
1634 	const type_t *tp;
1635 
1636 	/*
1637 	 * For traditional reasons, C99 6.4.5p5 defines that string literals
1638 	 * have type 'char[]'.  They are often implicitly converted to
1639 	 * 'char *', for example when they are passed as function arguments.
1640 	 *
1641 	 * C99 6.4.5p6 further defines that modifying a string that is
1642 	 * constructed from a string literal invokes undefined behavior.
1643 	 *
1644 	 * Out of these reasons, string literals are treated as 'effectively
1645 	 * const' here.
1646 	 */
1647 	if (tn->tn_op == CVT &&
1648 	    tn->tn_left->tn_op == ADDR &&
1649 	    tn->tn_left->tn_left->tn_op == STRING)
1650 		return true;
1651 
1652 	tp = before_conversion(tn)->tn_type;
1653 	return tp->t_tspec == PTR &&
1654 	       tp->t_subt->t_tspec == CHAR &&
1655 	       tp->t_subt->t_const;
1656 }
1657 
1658 static bool
1659 is_const_pointer(const tnode_t *tn)
1660 {
1661 	const type_t *tp;
1662 
1663 	tp = before_conversion(tn)->tn_type;
1664 	return tp->t_tspec == PTR && tp->t_subt->t_const;
1665 }
1666 
1667 static bool
1668 is_first_arg_const_char_pointer(const tnode_t *tn)
1669 {
1670 	const tnode_t *an;
1671 
1672 	an = tn->tn_right;
1673 	if (an == NULL)
1674 		return false;
1675 
1676 	while (an->tn_right != NULL)
1677 		an = an->tn_right;
1678 	return is_const_char_pointer(an->tn_left);
1679 }
1680 
1681 static bool
1682 is_second_arg_const_pointer(const tnode_t *tn)
1683 {
1684 	const tnode_t *an;
1685 
1686 	an = tn->tn_right;
1687 	if (an == NULL || an->tn_right == NULL)
1688 		return false;
1689 
1690 	while (an->tn_right->tn_right != NULL)
1691 		an = an->tn_right;
1692 	return is_const_pointer(an->tn_left);
1693 }
1694 
1695 static void
1696 check_unconst_function(const type_t *lstp, const tnode_t *rn)
1697 {
1698 	const char *function_name;
1699 
1700 	if (lstp->t_tspec == CHAR && !lstp->t_const &&
1701 	    is_direct_function_call(rn, &function_name) &&
1702 	    is_unconst_function(function_name) &&
1703 	    is_first_arg_const_char_pointer(rn)) {
1704 		/* call to '%s' effectively discards 'const' from argument */
1705 		warning(346, function_name);
1706 	}
1707 
1708 	if (!lstp->t_const &&
1709 	    is_direct_function_call(rn, &function_name) &&
1710 	    strcmp(function_name, "bsearch") == 0 &&
1711 	    is_second_arg_const_pointer(rn)) {
1712 		/* call to '%s' effectively discards 'const' from argument */
1713 		warning(346, function_name);
1714 	}
1715 }
1716 
1717 static void
1718 check_assign_void_pointer(op_t op, int arg,
1719 			  tspec_t lt, tspec_t lst,
1720 			  tspec_t rt, tspec_t rst)
1721 {
1722 	const char *lts, *rts;
1723 
1724 	if (!(lt == PTR && rt == PTR && (lst == VOID || rst == VOID)))
1725 		return;
1726 	/* two pointers, at least one pointer to void */
1727 
1728 	/* TODO: C99 behaves like C90 here. */
1729 	if (!((!allow_trad && !allow_c99) && (lst == FUNC || rst == FUNC)))
1730 		return;
1731 	/* comb. of ptr to func and ptr to void */
1732 
1733 	*(lst == FUNC ? &lts : &rts) = "function pointer";
1734 	*(lst == VOID ? &lts : &rts) = "'void *'";
1735 
1736 	switch (op) {
1737 	case INIT:
1738 	case RETURN:
1739 		/* ANSI C forbids conversion of %s to %s */
1740 		warning(303, rts, lts);
1741 		break;
1742 	case FARG:
1743 		/* ANSI C forbids conversion of %s to %s, arg #%d */
1744 		warning(304, rts, lts, arg);
1745 		break;
1746 	default:
1747 		/* ANSI C forbids conversion of %s to %s, op %s */
1748 		warning(305, rts, lts, op_name(op));
1749 		break;
1750 	}
1751 }
1752 
1753 static bool
1754 check_assign_void_pointer_compat(op_t op, int arg,
1755 				 const type_t *const ltp, tspec_t const lt,
1756 				 const type_t *const lstp, tspec_t const lst,
1757 				 const tnode_t *const rn,
1758 				 const type_t *const rtp, tspec_t const rt,
1759 				 const type_t *const rstp, tspec_t const rst)
1760 {
1761 	if (!(lt == PTR && rt == PTR && (lst == VOID || rst == VOID ||
1762 					 types_compatible(lstp, rstp,
1763 					     true, false, NULL))))
1764 		return false;
1765 
1766 	/* compatible pointer types (qualifiers ignored) */
1767 	if (allow_c90 &&
1768 	    ((!lstp->t_const && rstp->t_const) ||
1769 	     (!lstp->t_volatile && rstp->t_volatile))) {
1770 		/* left side has not all qualifiers of right */
1771 		switch (op) {
1772 		case INIT:
1773 		case RETURN:
1774 			/* incompatible pointer types to '%s' and '%s' */
1775 			warning(182, type_name(lstp), type_name(rstp));
1776 			break;
1777 		case FARG:
1778 			/* converting '%s' to incompatible '%s' ... */
1779 			warning(153,
1780 			    type_name(rtp), type_name(ltp), arg);
1781 			break;
1782 		default:
1783 			/* operands of '%s' have incompatible pointer ... */
1784 			warning(128, op_name(op),
1785 			    type_name(lstp), type_name(rstp));
1786 			break;
1787 		}
1788 	}
1789 
1790 	if (allow_c90)
1791 		check_unconst_function(lstp, rn);
1792 
1793 	return true;
1794 }
1795 
1796 static bool
1797 check_assign_pointer_integer(op_t op, int arg,
1798 			     const type_t *const ltp, tspec_t const lt,
1799 			     const type_t *const rtp, tspec_t const rt)
1800 {
1801 	const char *lx, *rx;
1802 
1803 	if (!((lt == PTR && is_integer(rt)) || (is_integer(lt) && rt == PTR)))
1804 		return false;
1805 
1806 	lx = lt == PTR ? "pointer" : "integer";
1807 	rx = rt == PTR ? "pointer" : "integer";
1808 
1809 	switch (op) {
1810 	case INIT:
1811 	case RETURN:
1812 		/* illegal combination of %s '%s' and %s '%s' */
1813 		warning(183, lx, type_name(ltp), rx, type_name(rtp));
1814 		break;
1815 	case FARG:
1816 		/* illegal combination of %s '%s' and %s '%s', arg #%d */
1817 		warning(154,
1818 		    lx, type_name(ltp), rx, type_name(rtp), arg);
1819 		break;
1820 	default:
1821 		/* illegal combination of %s '%s' and %s '%s', op '%s' */
1822 		warning(123,
1823 		    lx, type_name(ltp), rx, type_name(rtp), op_name(op));
1824 		break;
1825 	}
1826 	return true;
1827 }
1828 
1829 static bool
1830 check_assign_pointer(op_t op, int arg,
1831 		     const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt,
1832 		     const type_t *rtp, tspec_t rt)
1833 {
1834 	if (!(lt == PTR && rt == PTR))
1835 		return false;
1836 
1837 	switch (op) {
1838 	case RETURN:
1839 		warn_incompatible_pointers(NULL, ltp, rtp);
1840 		break;
1841 	case FARG:
1842 		/* converting '%s' to incompatible '%s' for ... */
1843 		warning(153, type_name(rtp), type_name(ltp), arg);
1844 		break;
1845 	default:
1846 		warn_incompatible_pointers(&modtab[op], ltp, rtp);
1847 		break;
1848 	}
1849 	return true;
1850 }
1851 
1852 static void
1853 warn_assign(op_t op, int arg,
1854 	    const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt,
1855 	    const type_t *rtp, tspec_t rt)
1856 {
1857 	switch (op) {
1858 	case INIT:
1859 		/* cannot initialize '%s' from '%s' */
1860 		error(185, type_name(ltp), type_name(rtp));
1861 		break;
1862 	case RETURN:
1863 		/* function has return type '%s' but returns '%s' */
1864 		error(211, type_name(ltp), type_name(rtp));
1865 		break;
1866 	case FARG:
1867 		/* passing '%s' to incompatible '%s', arg #%d */
1868 		warning(155, type_name(rtp), type_name(ltp), arg);
1869 		break;
1870 	default:
1871 		warn_incompatible_types(op, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1872 		break;
1873 	}
1874 }
1875 
1876 /*
1877  * Checks type compatibility for ASSIGN, INIT, FARG and RETURN
1878  * and prints warnings/errors if necessary.
1879  * Returns whether the types are (almost) compatible.
1880  */
1881 static bool
1882 check_assign_types_compatible(op_t op, int arg,
1883 			      const tnode_t *ln, const tnode_t *rn)
1884 {
1885 	tspec_t	lt, rt, lst = NOTSPEC, rst = NOTSPEC;
1886 	type_t	*ltp, *rtp, *lstp = NULL, *rstp = NULL;
1887 
1888 	if ((lt = (ltp = ln->tn_type)->t_tspec) == PTR)
1889 		lst = (lstp = ltp->t_subt)->t_tspec;
1890 	if ((rt = (rtp = rn->tn_type)->t_tspec) == PTR)
1891 		rst = (rstp = rtp->t_subt)->t_tspec;
1892 
1893 	if (lt == BOOL && is_scalar(rt))	/* C99 6.3.1.2 */
1894 		return true;
1895 
1896 	if (is_arithmetic(lt) && (is_arithmetic(rt) || rt == BOOL))
1897 		return true;
1898 
1899 	if (is_struct_or_union(lt) && is_struct_or_union(rt))
1900 		/* both are struct or union */
1901 		return ltp->t_str == rtp->t_str;
1902 
1903 	/* a null pointer may be assigned to any pointer */
1904 	if (lt == PTR && is_null_pointer(rn))
1905 		return true;
1906 
1907 	check_assign_void_pointer(op, arg, lt, lst, rt, rst);
1908 
1909 	if (check_assign_void_pointer_compat(op, arg,
1910 	    ltp, lt, lstp, lst, rn, rtp, rt, rstp, rst))
1911 		return true;
1912 
1913 	if (check_assign_pointer_integer(op, arg, ltp, lt, rtp, rt))
1914 		return true;
1915 
1916 	if (check_assign_pointer(op, arg, ltp, lt, rtp, rt))
1917 		return true;
1918 
1919 	warn_assign(op, arg, ltp, lt, rtp, rt);
1920 	return false;
1921 }
1922 
1923 /* Prints a warning if a strange operator is used on an enum type. */
1924 static void
1925 check_bad_enum_operation(op_t op, const tnode_t *ln, const tnode_t *rn)
1926 {
1927 
1928 	if (!eflag)
1929 		return;
1930 
1931 	/*
1932 	 * Enum as offset to a pointer is an exception (otherwise enums
1933 	 * could not be used as array indices).
1934 	 */
1935 	if (op == PLUS &&
1936 	    ((ln->tn_type->t_is_enum && rn->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR) ||
1937 	     (rn->tn_type->t_is_enum && ln->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR))) {
1938 		return;
1939 	}
1940 
1941 	/* dubious operation on enum, op '%s' */
1942 	warning(241, op_name(op));
1943 }
1944 
1945 /*
1946  * Prints a warning if an operator is applied to two different enum types.
1947  */
1948 static void
1949 check_enum_type_mismatch(op_t op, int arg, const tnode_t *ln, const tnode_t *rn)
1950 {
1951 	const mod_t *mp;
1952 
1953 	mp = &modtab[op];
1954 
1955 	if (ln->tn_type->t_enum != rn->tn_type->t_enum) {
1956 		switch (op) {
1957 		case INIT:
1958 			/* enum type mismatch between '%s' and '%s' in ... */
1959 			warning(210,
1960 			    type_name(ln->tn_type), type_name(rn->tn_type));
1961 			break;
1962 		case FARG:
1963 			/* function expects '%s', passing '%s' for arg #%d */
1964 			warning(156,
1965 			    type_name(ln->tn_type), type_name(rn->tn_type),
1966 			    arg);
1967 			break;
1968 		case RETURN:
1969 			/* function has return type '%s' but returns '%s' */
1970 			warning(211,
1971 			    type_name(ln->tn_type), type_name(rn->tn_type));
1972 			break;
1973 		default:
1974 			/* enum type mismatch: '%s' '%s' '%s' */
1975 			warning(130, type_name(ln->tn_type), mp->m_name,
1976 			    type_name(rn->tn_type));
1977 			break;
1978 		}
1979 	} else if (Pflag && mp->m_comparison && op != EQ && op != NE) {
1980 		if (eflag)
1981 			/* dubious comparison of enums, op '%s' */
1982 			warning(243, mp->m_name);
1983 	}
1984 }
1985 
1986 /* Prints a warning if the operands mix between enum and integer. */
1987 static void
1988 check_enum_int_mismatch(op_t op, int arg, const tnode_t *ln, const tnode_t *rn)
1989 {
1990 
1991 	if (!eflag)
1992 		return;
1993 
1994 	switch (op) {
1995 	case INIT:
1996 		/*
1997 		 * Initialization with 0 is allowed. Otherwise, all implicit
1998 		 * initializations would need to be warned upon as well.
1999 		 */
2000 		if (!rn->tn_type->t_is_enum && rn->tn_op == CON &&
2001 		    is_integer(rn->tn_type->t_tspec) &&
2002 		    rn->tn_val->v_quad == 0) {
2003 			return;
2004 		}
2005 		/* initialization of '%s' with '%s' */
2006 		warning(277, type_name(ln->tn_type), type_name(rn->tn_type));
2007 		break;
2008 	case FARG:
2009 		/* combination of '%s' and '%s', arg #%d */
2010 		warning(278,
2011 		    type_name(ln->tn_type), type_name(rn->tn_type), arg);
2012 		break;
2013 	case RETURN:
2014 		/* combination of '%s' and '%s' in return */
2015 		warning(279, type_name(ln->tn_type), type_name(rn->tn_type));
2016 		break;
2017 	default:
2018 		/* combination of '%s' and '%s', op '%s' */
2019 		warning(242, type_name(ln->tn_type), type_name(rn->tn_type),
2020 		    op_name(op));
2021 		break;
2022 	}
2023 }
2024 
2025 static void
2026 check_enum_array_index(const tnode_t *ln, const tnode_t *rn)
2027 {
2028 	int max_array_index;
2029 	int64_t max_enum_value;
2030 	const struct sym *ec, *max_ec;
2031 	const type_t *lt, *rt;
2032 
2033 	if (ln->tn_op != ADDR || ln->tn_left->tn_op != NAME)
2034 		return;
2035 
2036 	lt = ln->tn_left->tn_type;
2037 	if (lt->t_tspec != ARRAY || lt->t_incomplete_array)
2038 		return;
2039 
2040 	if (rn->tn_op != CVT || !rn->tn_type->t_is_enum)
2041 		return;
2042 	if (rn->tn_left->tn_op != LOAD)
2043 		return;
2044 
2045 	rt = rn->tn_left->tn_type;
2046 	ec = rt->t_enum->en_first_enumerator;
2047 	max_ec = ec;
2048 	lint_assert(ec != NULL);
2049 	for (ec = ec->s_next; ec != NULL; ec = ec->s_next)
2050 		if (ec->u.s_enum_constant > max_ec->u.s_enum_constant)
2051 			max_ec = ec;
2052 
2053 	max_enum_value = max_ec->u.s_enum_constant;
2054 	lint_assert(INT_MIN <= max_enum_value && max_enum_value <= INT_MAX);
2055 
2056 	max_array_index = lt->t_dim - 1;
2057 	if (max_enum_value == max_array_index)
2058 		return;
2059 
2060 	/*
2061 	 * If the largest enum constant is named '*_NUM_*', it is typically
2062 	 * not part of the allowed enum values but a marker for the number
2063 	 * of actual enum values.
2064 	 */
2065 	if (max_enum_value == max_array_index + 1 &&
2066 	    (strstr(max_ec->s_name, "NUM") != NULL ||
2067 	     strstr(max_ec->s_name, "num") != NULL))
2068 		return;
2069 
2070 	/* maximum value %d of '%s' does not match maximum array index %d */
2071 	warning(348, (int)max_enum_value, type_name(rt), max_array_index);
2072 	print_previous_declaration(max_ec);
2073 }
2074 
2075 /*
2076  * Build and initialize a new node.
2077  */
2078 static tnode_t *
2079 new_tnode(op_t op, bool sys, type_t *type, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
2080 {
2081 	tnode_t	*ntn;
2082 	tspec_t	t;
2083 #if 0 /* not yet */
2084 	size_t l;
2085 	uint64_t rnum;
2086 #endif
2087 
2088 	ntn = expr_alloc_tnode();
2089 
2090 	ntn->tn_op = op;
2091 	ntn->tn_type = type;
2092 	ntn->tn_sys = sys;
2093 	ntn->tn_left = ln;
2094 	ntn->tn_right = rn;
2095 
2096 	switch (op) {
2097 #if 0 /* not yet */
2098 	case SHR:
2099 		if (rn->tn_op != CON)
2100 			break;
2101 		rnum = rn->tn_val->v_quad;
2102 		l = type_size_in_bits(ln->tn_type) / CHAR_SIZE;
2103 		t = ln->tn_type->t_tspec;
2104 		switch (l) {
2105 		case 8:
2106 			if (rnum >= 56)
2107 				t = UCHAR;
2108 			else if (rnum >= 48)
2109 				t = USHORT;
2110 			else if (rnum >= 32)
2111 				t = UINT;
2112 			break;
2113 		case 4:
2114 			if (rnum >= 24)
2115 				t = UCHAR;
2116 			else if (rnum >= 16)
2117 				t = USHORT;
2118 			break;
2119 		case 2:
2120 			if (rnum >= 8)
2121 				t = UCHAR;
2122 			break;
2123 		default:
2124 			break;
2125 		}
2126 		if (t != ln->tn_type->t_tspec)
2127 			ntn->tn_type->t_tspec = t;
2128 		break;
2129 #endif
2130 	case INDIR:
2131 	case FSEL:
2132 		lint_assert(ln->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR);
2133 		t = ln->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec;
2134 		if (t != FUNC && t != VOID)
2135 			ntn->tn_lvalue = true;
2136 		break;
2137 	default:
2138 		break;
2139 	}
2140 
2141 	return ntn;
2142 }
2143 
2144 /*
2145  * Performs the "integer promotions" (C99 6.3.1.1p2), which convert small
2146  * integer types to either int or unsigned int.
2147  *
2148  * If allow_c90 is unset or the operand is a function argument with no type
2149  * information (no prototype or variable # of args), converts float to double.
2150  */
2151 tnode_t *
2152 promote(op_t op, bool farg, tnode_t *tn)
2153 {
2154 	tspec_t	t;
2155 	type_t	*ntp;
2156 	unsigned int len;
2157 
2158 	t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
2159 
2160 	if (!is_arithmetic(t))
2161 		return tn;
2162 
2163 	if (allow_c90) {
2164 		/*
2165 		 * C99 6.3.1.1p2 requires for types with lower rank than int
2166 		 * that "If an int can represent all the values of the
2167 		 * original type, the value is converted to an int; otherwise
2168 		 * it is converted to an unsigned int", and that "All other
2169 		 * types are unchanged by the integer promotions".
2170 		 */
2171 		if (tn->tn_type->t_bitfield) {
2172 			len = tn->tn_type->t_flen;
2173 			if (len < size_in_bits(INT)) {
2174 				t = INT;
2175 			} else if (len == size_in_bits(INT)) {
2176 				t = is_uinteger(t) ? UINT : INT;
2177 			}
2178 		} else if (t == CHAR || t == UCHAR || t == SCHAR) {
2179 			t = (size_in_bits(CHAR) < size_in_bits(INT)
2180 			     || t != UCHAR) ? INT : UINT;
2181 		} else if (t == SHORT || t == USHORT) {
2182 			t = (size_in_bits(SHORT) < size_in_bits(INT)
2183 			     || t == SHORT) ? INT : UINT;
2184 		} else if (t == ENUM) {
2185 			t = INT;
2186 		} else if (farg && t == FLOAT) {
2187 			t = DOUBLE;
2188 		}
2189 	} else {
2190 		/*
2191 		 * In traditional C, keep unsigned and promote FLOAT
2192 		 * to DOUBLE.
2193 		 */
2194 		if (t == UCHAR || t == USHORT) {
2195 			t = UINT;
2196 		} else if (t == CHAR || t == SCHAR || t == SHORT) {
2197 			t = INT;
2198 		} else if (t == FLOAT) {
2199 			t = DOUBLE;
2200 		} else if (t == ENUM) {
2201 			t = INT;
2202 		}
2203 	}
2204 
2205 	if (t != tn->tn_type->t_tspec) {
2206 		ntp = expr_dup_type(tn->tn_type);
2207 		ntp->t_tspec = t;
2208 		/*
2209 		 * Keep t_is_enum even though t_tspec gets converted from
2210 		 * ENUM to INT, so we are later able to check compatibility
2211 		 * of enum types.
2212 		 */
2213 		tn = convert(op, 0, ntp, tn);
2214 	}
2215 
2216 	return tn;
2217 }
2218 
2219 /*
2220  * Apply the "usual arithmetic conversions" (C99 6.3.1.8).
2221  *
2222  * This gives both operands the same type.
2223  * This is done in different ways for traditional C and C90.
2224  */
2225 static void
2226 balance(op_t op, tnode_t **lnp, tnode_t **rnp)
2227 {
2228 	tspec_t	lt, rt, t;
2229 	int	i;
2230 	bool	u;
2231 	type_t	*ntp;
2232 	static const tspec_t tl[] = {
2233 		LDOUBLE, DOUBLE, FLOAT,
2234 #ifdef INT128_SIZE
2235 		UINT128, INT128,
2236 #endif
2237 		UQUAD, QUAD,
2238 		ULONG, LONG,
2239 		UINT, INT,
2240 	};
2241 
2242 	lt = (*lnp)->tn_type->t_tspec;
2243 	rt = (*rnp)->tn_type->t_tspec;
2244 
2245 	if (!is_arithmetic(lt) || !is_arithmetic(rt))
2246 		return;
2247 
2248 	if (allow_c90) {
2249 		if (lt == rt) {
2250 			t = lt;
2251 		} else if (lt == LCOMPLEX || rt == LCOMPLEX) {
2252 			t = LCOMPLEX;
2253 		} else if (lt == DCOMPLEX || rt == DCOMPLEX) {
2254 			t = DCOMPLEX;
2255 		} else if (lt == FCOMPLEX || rt == FCOMPLEX) {
2256 			t = FCOMPLEX;
2257 		} else if (lt == LDOUBLE || rt == LDOUBLE) {
2258 			t = LDOUBLE;
2259 		} else if (lt == DOUBLE || rt == DOUBLE) {
2260 			t = DOUBLE;
2261 		} else if (lt == FLOAT || rt == FLOAT) {
2262 			t = FLOAT;
2263 		} else {
2264 			/*
2265 			 * If type A has more bits than type B it should
2266 			 * be able to hold all possible values of type B.
2267 			 */
2268 			if (size_in_bits(lt) > size_in_bits(rt)) {
2269 				t = lt;
2270 			} else if (size_in_bits(lt) < size_in_bits(rt)) {
2271 				t = rt;
2272 			} else {
2273 				for (i = 3; tl[i] != INT; i++) {
2274 					if (tl[i] == lt || tl[i] == rt)
2275 						break;
2276 				}
2277 				if ((is_uinteger(lt) || is_uinteger(rt)) &&
2278 				    !is_uinteger(tl[i])) {
2279 					i--;
2280 				}
2281 				t = tl[i];
2282 			}
2283 		}
2284 	} else {
2285 		/* Keep unsigned in traditional C */
2286 		u = is_uinteger(lt) || is_uinteger(rt);
2287 		for (i = 0; tl[i] != INT; i++) {
2288 			if (lt == tl[i] || rt == tl[i])
2289 				break;
2290 		}
2291 		t = tl[i];
2292 		if (u && is_integer(t) && !is_uinteger(t))
2293 			t = unsigned_type(t);
2294 	}
2295 
2296 	if (t != lt) {
2297 		ntp = expr_dup_type((*lnp)->tn_type);
2298 		ntp->t_tspec = t;
2299 		/* usual arithmetic conversion for '%s' from '%s' to '%s' */
2300 		query_message(4, op_name(op),
2301 		    type_name((*lnp)->tn_type), type_name(ntp));
2302 		*lnp = convert(op, 0, ntp, *lnp);
2303 	}
2304 	if (t != rt) {
2305 		ntp = expr_dup_type((*rnp)->tn_type);
2306 		ntp->t_tspec = t;
2307 		/* usual arithmetic conversion for '%s' from '%s' to '%s' */
2308 		query_message(4, op_name(op),
2309 		    type_name((*rnp)->tn_type), type_name(ntp));
2310 		*rnp = convert(op, 0, ntp, *rnp);
2311 	}
2312 }
2313 
2314 static void
2315 convert_integer_from_floating(op_t op, const type_t *tp, const tnode_t *tn)
2316 {
2317 
2318 	if (op == CVT)
2319 		/* cast from floating point '%s' to integer '%s' */
2320 		query_message(2, type_name(tn->tn_type), type_name(tp));
2321 	else
2322 		/* implicit conversion from floating point '%s' to ... */
2323 		query_message(1, type_name(tn->tn_type), type_name(tp));
2324 }
2325 
2326 /*
2327  * Insert a conversion operator, which converts the type of the node
2328  * to another given type.
2329  *
2330  * Possible values for 'op':
2331  *	CVT	a cast-expression
2332  *	binary	integer promotion for one of the operands, or a usual
2333  *		arithmetic conversion
2334  *	binary	plain or compound assignments to bit-fields
2335  *	FARG	'arg' is the number of the argument (used for warnings)
2336  *	NOOP	several other implicit conversions
2337  *	...
2338  */
2339 tnode_t *
2340 convert(op_t op, int arg, type_t *tp, tnode_t *tn)
2341 {
2342 	tnode_t	*ntn;
2343 	tspec_t	nt, ot;
2344 
2345 	nt = tp->t_tspec;
2346 	ot = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
2347 
2348 	if (allow_trad && allow_c90 && op == FARG)
2349 		check_prototype_conversion(arg, nt, ot, tp, tn);
2350 
2351 	if (nt == BOOL) {
2352 		/* No further checks. */
2353 
2354 	} else if (is_integer(nt)) {
2355 		if (ot == BOOL) {
2356 			/* No further checks. */
2357 		} else if (is_integer(ot)) {
2358 			convert_integer_from_integer(op, arg, nt, ot, tp, tn);
2359 		} else if (is_floating(ot)) {
2360 			convert_integer_from_floating(op, tp, tn);
2361 		} else if (ot == PTR) {
2362 			convert_integer_from_pointer(op, nt, tp, tn);
2363 		}
2364 
2365 	} else if (is_floating(nt)) {
2366 		/* No further checks. */
2367 
2368 	} else if (nt == PTR) {
2369 		if (is_null_pointer(tn)) {
2370 			/* a null pointer may be assigned to any pointer. */
2371 		} else if (ot == PTR && op == CVT) {
2372 			convert_pointer_from_pointer(tp, tn);
2373 		}
2374 	}
2375 
2376 	ntn = expr_alloc_tnode();
2377 	ntn->tn_op = CVT;
2378 	ntn->tn_type = tp;
2379 	ntn->tn_cast = op == CVT;
2380 	ntn->tn_sys |= tn->tn_sys;
2381 	ntn->tn_right = NULL;
2382 	if (tn->tn_op != CON || nt == VOID) {
2383 		ntn->tn_left = tn;
2384 	} else {
2385 		ntn->tn_op = CON;
2386 		ntn->tn_val = expr_zero_alloc(sizeof(*ntn->tn_val));
2387 		convert_constant(op, arg, ntn->tn_type, ntn->tn_val,
2388 		    tn->tn_val);
2389 	}
2390 
2391 	return ntn;
2392 }
2393 
2394 static bool
2395 should_warn_about_prototype_conversion(tspec_t nt,
2396 				       tspec_t ot, const tnode_t *ptn)
2397 {
2398 
2399 	if (nt == ot)
2400 		return false;
2401 
2402 	if (nt == ENUM && ot == INT)
2403 		return false;
2404 
2405 	if (is_floating(nt) != is_floating(ot) ||
2406 	    portable_size_in_bits(nt) != portable_size_in_bits(ot)) {
2407 		/* representation and/or width change */
2408 		if (!is_integer(ot))
2409 			return true;
2410 		/*
2411 		 * XXX: Investigate whether this rule makes sense; see
2412 		 * tests/usr.bin/xlint/lint1/platform_long.c.
2413 		 */
2414 		return portable_size_in_bits(ot) > portable_size_in_bits(INT);
2415 	}
2416 
2417 	if (!hflag)
2418 		return false;
2419 
2420 	/*
2421 	 * If the types differ only in sign and the argument has the same
2422 	 * representation in both types, print no warning.
2423 	 */
2424 	if (ptn->tn_op == CON && is_integer(nt) &&
2425 	    signed_type(nt) == signed_type(ot) &&
2426 	    !msb(ptn->tn_val->v_quad, ot))
2427 		return false;
2428 
2429 	return true;
2430 }
2431 
2432 /*
2433  * Warn if a prototype causes a type conversion that is different from what
2434  * would happen to the same argument in the absence of a prototype.  This
2435  * check is intended for code that needs to stay compatible with pre-C90 C.
2436  *
2437  * Errors/warnings about illegal type combinations are already printed
2438  * in check_assign_types_compatible().
2439  */
2440 static void
2441 check_prototype_conversion(int arg, tspec_t nt, tspec_t ot, type_t *tp,
2442 			   tnode_t *tn)
2443 {
2444 	tnode_t	*ptn;
2445 
2446 	if (!is_arithmetic(nt) || !is_arithmetic(ot))
2447 		return;
2448 
2449 	/*
2450 	 * If the type of the formal parameter is char/short, a warning
2451 	 * would be useless, because functions declared the old style
2452 	 * can't expect char/short arguments.
2453 	 */
2454 	if (nt == CHAR || nt == SCHAR || nt == UCHAR ||
2455 	    nt == SHORT || nt == USHORT)
2456 		return;
2457 
2458 	/* apply the default promotion */
2459 	ptn = promote(NOOP, true, tn);
2460 	ot = ptn->tn_type->t_tspec;
2461 
2462 	if (should_warn_about_prototype_conversion(nt, ot, ptn)) {
2463 		/* argument #%d is converted from '%s' to '%s' ... */
2464 		warning(259, arg, type_name(tn->tn_type), type_name(tp));
2465 	}
2466 }
2467 
2468 /*
2469  * When converting a large integer type to a small integer type, in some
2470  * cases the value of the actual expression is further restricted than the
2471  * type bounds, such as in (expr & 0xFF) or (expr % 100) or (expr >> 24).
2472  *
2473  * See new_tnode, the '#if 0' code for SHR.
2474  */
2475 static bool
2476 can_represent(const type_t *tp, const tnode_t *tn)
2477 {
2478 
2479 	debug_step("%s: type '%s'", __func__, type_name(tp));
2480 	debug_node(tn);
2481 
2482 	uint64_t nmask = value_bits(width_in_bits(tp));
2483 	if (!is_uinteger(tp->t_tspec))
2484 		nmask >>= 1;
2485 
2486 	integer_constraints c = ic_expr(tn);
2487 	if ((~c.bclr & ~nmask) == 0)
2488 		return true;
2489 
2490 	return false;
2491 }
2492 
2493 static void
2494 convert_integer_from_integer(op_t op, int arg, tspec_t nt, tspec_t ot,
2495 			     type_t *tp, tnode_t *tn)
2496 {
2497 
2498 	if (tn->tn_op == CON)
2499 		return;
2500 
2501 	if (op == CVT)
2502 		return;
2503 
2504 	if (Pflag && pflag && aflag > 0 &&
2505 	    portable_size_in_bits(nt) > portable_size_in_bits(ot) &&
2506 	    is_uinteger(nt) != is_uinteger(ot)) {
2507 		if (op == FARG) {
2508 			/* conversion to '%s' may sign-extend ... */
2509 			warning(297, type_name(tp), arg);
2510 		} else {
2511 			/* conversion to '%s' may sign-extend ... */
2512 			warning(131, type_name(tp));
2513 		}
2514 	}
2515 
2516 	if (Pflag && portable_size_in_bits(nt) > portable_size_in_bits(ot) &&
2517 	    (tn->tn_op == PLUS || tn->tn_op == MINUS || tn->tn_op == MULT ||
2518 	     tn->tn_op == SHL)) {
2519 		/* suggest cast from '%s' to '%s' on op '%s' to ... */
2520 		warning(324, type_name(gettyp(ot)), type_name(tp),
2521 		    op_name(tn->tn_op));
2522 	}
2523 
2524 	if (aflag > 0 &&
2525 	    portable_size_in_bits(nt) < portable_size_in_bits(ot) &&
2526 	    (ot == LONG || ot == ULONG || ot == QUAD || ot == UQUAD ||
2527 	     aflag > 1) &&
2528 	    !can_represent(tp, tn)) {
2529 		if (op == FARG) {
2530 			/* conversion from '%s' to '%s' may lose ... */
2531 			warning(298,
2532 			    type_name(tn->tn_type), type_name(tp), arg);
2533 		} else {
2534 			/* conversion from '%s' to '%s' may lose accuracy */
2535 			warning(132,
2536 			    type_name(tn->tn_type), type_name(tp));
2537 		}
2538 	}
2539 
2540 	if (is_uinteger(nt) != is_uinteger(ot))
2541 		/* implicit conversion changes sign from '%s' to '%s' */
2542 		query_message(3, type_name(tn->tn_type), type_name(tp));
2543 }
2544 
2545 static void
2546 convert_integer_from_pointer(op_t op, tspec_t nt, type_t *tp, tnode_t *tn)
2547 {
2548 
2549 	if (tn->tn_op == CON)
2550 		return;
2551 	if (op != CVT)
2552 		return;		/* We got already an error. */
2553 	if (portable_size_in_bits(nt) >= portable_size_in_bits(PTR))
2554 		return;
2555 
2556 	if (pflag && size_in_bits(nt) >= size_in_bits(PTR)) {
2557 		/* conversion of pointer to '%s' may lose bits */
2558 		warning(134, type_name(tp));
2559 	} else {
2560 		/* conversion of pointer to '%s' loses bits */
2561 		warning(133, type_name(tp));
2562 	}
2563 }
2564 
2565 static bool
2566 struct_starts_with(const type_t *struct_tp, const type_t *member_tp)
2567 {
2568 
2569 	return struct_tp->t_str->sou_first_member != NULL &&
2570 	       types_compatible(struct_tp->t_str->sou_first_member->s_type,
2571 		   member_tp, true, false, NULL);
2572 }
2573 
2574 static bool
2575 is_byte_array(const type_t *tp)
2576 {
2577 
2578 	return tp->t_tspec == ARRAY &&
2579 	       (tp->t_subt->t_tspec == CHAR || tp->t_subt->t_tspec == UCHAR);
2580 }
2581 
2582 static bool
2583 should_warn_about_pointer_cast(const type_t *nstp, tspec_t nst,
2584 			       const type_t *ostp, tspec_t ost)
2585 {
2586 
2587 	while (nst == ARRAY)
2588 		nstp = nstp->t_subt, nst = nstp->t_tspec;
2589 	while (ost == ARRAY)
2590 		ostp = ostp->t_subt, ost = ostp->t_tspec;
2591 
2592 	if (nst == STRUCT && ost == STRUCT &&
2593 	    (struct_starts_with(nstp, ostp) ||
2594 	     struct_starts_with(ostp, nstp)))
2595 		return false;
2596 
2597 	if (is_incomplete(nstp) || is_incomplete(ostp))
2598 		return false;
2599 
2600 	if (nst == CHAR || nst == UCHAR)
2601 		return false;	/* for the sake of traditional C code */
2602 	if (ost == CHAR || ost == UCHAR)
2603 		return false;	/* for the sake of traditional C code */
2604 
2605 	/* Allow cast between pointers to sockaddr variants. */
2606 	if (nst == STRUCT && ost == STRUCT) {
2607 		debug_type(nstp);
2608 		debug_type(ostp);
2609 		const sym_t *nmem = nstp->t_str->sou_first_member;
2610 		const sym_t *omem = ostp->t_str->sou_first_member;
2611 		while (nmem != NULL && omem != NULL &&
2612 		       types_compatible(nmem->s_type, omem->s_type,
2613 			   true, false, NULL))
2614 			nmem = nmem->s_next, omem = omem->s_next;
2615 		if (nmem != NULL && is_byte_array(nmem->s_type))
2616 			return false;
2617 		if (omem != NULL && is_byte_array(omem->s_type))
2618 			return false;
2619 		if (nmem == NULL && omem == NULL)
2620 			return false;
2621 	}
2622 
2623 	if (is_struct_or_union(nst) && nstp->t_str != ostp->t_str)
2624 		return true;
2625 
2626 	return portable_size_in_bits(nst) != portable_size_in_bits(ost);
2627 }
2628 
2629 static void
2630 convert_pointer_from_pointer(type_t *ntp, tnode_t *tn)
2631 {
2632 	const type_t *nstp, *otp, *ostp;
2633 	tspec_t nst, ost;
2634 	const char *nts, *ots;
2635 
2636 	nstp = ntp->t_subt;
2637 	otp = tn->tn_type;
2638 	ostp = otp->t_subt;
2639 	nst = nstp->t_tspec;
2640 	ost = ostp->t_tspec;
2641 
2642 	if (nst == VOID || ost == VOID) {
2643 		/* TODO: C99 behaves like C90 here. */
2644 		if ((!allow_trad && !allow_c99) && (nst == FUNC || ost == FUNC)) {
2645 			/* null pointers are already handled in convert() */
2646 			*(nst == FUNC ? &nts : &ots) = "function pointer";
2647 			*(nst == VOID ? &nts : &ots) = "'void *'";
2648 			/* ANSI C forbids conversion of %s to %s */
2649 			warning(303, ots, nts);
2650 		}
2651 		return;
2652 	} else if (nst == FUNC && ost == FUNC) {
2653 		return;
2654 	} else if (nst == FUNC || ost == FUNC) {
2655 		/* converting '%s' to '%s' is questionable */
2656 		warning(229, type_name(otp), type_name(ntp));
2657 		return;
2658 	}
2659 
2660 	if (hflag && alignment_in_bits(nstp) > alignment_in_bits(ostp) &&
2661 	    ost != CHAR && ost != UCHAR &&
2662 	    !is_incomplete(ostp)) {
2663 		/* converting '%s' to '%s' increases alignment ... */
2664 		warning(135, type_name(otp), type_name(ntp),
2665 		    alignment_in_bits(ostp) / CHAR_SIZE,
2666 		    alignment_in_bits(nstp) / CHAR_SIZE);
2667 	}
2668 
2669 	if (cflag && should_warn_about_pointer_cast(nstp, nst, ostp, ost)) {
2670 		/* pointer cast from '%s' to '%s' may be troublesome */
2671 		warning(247, type_name(otp), type_name(ntp));
2672 	}
2673 }
2674 
2675 static void
2676 convert_constant_floating(op_t op, int arg, tspec_t ot, const type_t *tp,
2677 			  tspec_t nt, val_t *v, val_t *nv)
2678 {
2679 	ldbl_t	max = 0.0, min = 0.0;
2680 
2681 	switch (nt) {
2682 	case CHAR:
2683 		max = TARG_CHAR_MAX;	min = TARG_CHAR_MIN;	break;
2684 	case UCHAR:
2685 		max = TARG_UCHAR_MAX;	min = 0;		break;
2686 	case SCHAR:
2687 		max = TARG_SCHAR_MAX;	min = TARG_SCHAR_MIN;	break;
2688 	case SHORT:
2689 		max = TARG_SHRT_MAX;	min = TARG_SHRT_MIN;	break;
2690 	case USHORT:
2691 		max = TARG_USHRT_MAX;	min = 0;		break;
2692 	case ENUM:
2693 	case INT:
2694 		max = TARG_INT_MAX;	min = TARG_INT_MIN;	break;
2695 	case UINT:
2696 		max = TARG_UINT_MAX;	min = 0;		break;
2697 	case LONG:
2698 		max = TARG_LONG_MAX;	min = TARG_LONG_MIN;	break;
2699 	case ULONG:
2700 		max = TARG_ULONG_MAX;	min = 0;		break;
2701 	case QUAD:
2702 		max = QUAD_MAX;		min = QUAD_MIN;		break;
2703 	case UQUAD:
2704 		max = UQUAD_MAX;	min = 0;		break;
2705 	case FLOAT:
2706 	case FCOMPLEX:
2707 		max = FLT_MAX;		min = -FLT_MAX;		break;
2708 	case DOUBLE:
2709 	case DCOMPLEX:
2710 		max = DBL_MAX;		min = -DBL_MAX;		break;
2711 	case PTR:
2712 		/* Got already an error because of float --> ptr */
2713 	case LDOUBLE:
2714 	case LCOMPLEX:
2715 		/* LINTED 248 */
2716 		max = LDBL_MAX;		min = -max;		break;
2717 	default:
2718 		lint_assert(/*CONSTCOND*/false);
2719 	}
2720 	if (v->v_ldbl > max || v->v_ldbl < min) {
2721 		lint_assert(nt != LDOUBLE);
2722 		if (op == FARG) {
2723 			/* conversion of '%s' to '%s' is out of range, ... */
2724 			warning(295,
2725 			    type_name(gettyp(ot)), type_name(tp), arg);
2726 		} else {
2727 			/* conversion of '%s' to '%s' is out of range */
2728 			warning(119,
2729 			    type_name(gettyp(ot)), type_name(tp));
2730 		}
2731 		v->v_ldbl = v->v_ldbl > 0 ? max : min;
2732 	}
2733 
2734 	if (nt == FLOAT) {
2735 		nv->v_ldbl = (float)v->v_ldbl;
2736 	} else if (nt == DOUBLE) {
2737 		nv->v_ldbl = (double)v->v_ldbl;
2738 	} else if (nt == LDOUBLE) {
2739 		nv->v_ldbl = v->v_ldbl;
2740 	} else {
2741 		nv->v_quad = (int64_t)v->v_ldbl;
2742 	}
2743 }
2744 
2745 static bool
2746 convert_constant_to_floating(tspec_t nt, val_t *nv,
2747 			     tspec_t ot, const val_t *v)
2748 {
2749 	if (nt == FLOAT) {
2750 		nv->v_ldbl = (ot == PTR || is_uinteger(ot)) ?
2751 		    (float)(uint64_t)v->v_quad : (float)v->v_quad;
2752 	} else if (nt == DOUBLE) {
2753 		nv->v_ldbl = (ot == PTR || is_uinteger(ot)) ?
2754 		    (double)(uint64_t)v->v_quad : (double)v->v_quad;
2755 	} else if (nt == LDOUBLE) {
2756 		nv->v_ldbl = (ot == PTR || is_uinteger(ot)) ?
2757 		    (ldbl_t)(uint64_t)v->v_quad : (ldbl_t)v->v_quad;
2758 	} else
2759 		return false;
2760 	return true;
2761 }
2762 
2763 /*
2764  * Print a warning if bits which were set are lost due to the conversion.
2765  * This can happen with operator ORASS only.
2766  */
2767 static void
2768 convert_constant_check_range_bitor(size_t nsz, size_t osz, const val_t *v,
2769 				   uint64_t xmask, op_t op)
2770 {
2771 	if (nsz < osz && (v->v_quad & xmask) != 0) {
2772 		/* constant truncated by conversion, op '%s' */
2773 		warning(306, op_name(op));
2774 	}
2775 }
2776 
2777 /*
2778  * Print a warning if additional bits are not all 1
2779  * and the most significant bit of the old value is 1,
2780  * or if at least one (but not all) removed bit was 0.
2781  */
2782 static void
2783 convert_constant_check_range_bitand(size_t nsz, size_t osz,
2784 				    uint64_t xmask, const val_t *nv,
2785 				    tspec_t ot, const val_t *v,
2786 				    const type_t *tp, op_t op)
2787 {
2788 	if (nsz > osz &&
2789 	    (nv->v_quad & bit((unsigned int)(osz - 1))) != 0 &&
2790 	    (nv->v_quad & xmask) != xmask) {
2791 		/* extra bits set to 0 in conversion of '%s' to '%s', ... */
2792 		warning(309, type_name(gettyp(ot)),
2793 		    type_name(tp), op_name(op));
2794 	} else if (nsz < osz &&
2795 		   (v->v_quad & xmask) != xmask &&
2796 		   (v->v_quad & xmask) != 0) {
2797 		/* constant truncated by conversion, op '%s' */
2798 		warning(306, op_name(op));
2799 	}
2800 }
2801 
2802 static void
2803 convert_constant_check_range_signed(op_t op, int arg)
2804 {
2805 	if (op == ASSIGN) {
2806 		/* assignment of negative constant to unsigned type */
2807 		warning(164);
2808 	} else if (op == INIT) {
2809 		/* initialization of unsigned with negative constant */
2810 		warning(221);
2811 	} else if (op == FARG) {
2812 		/* conversion of negative constant to unsigned type, ... */
2813 		warning(296, arg);
2814 	} else if (modtab[op].m_comparison) {
2815 		/* handled by check_integer_comparison() */
2816 	} else {
2817 		/* conversion of negative constant to unsigned type */
2818 		warning(222);
2819 	}
2820 }
2821 
2822 /*
2823  * Loss of significant bit(s). All truncated bits
2824  * of unsigned types or all truncated bits plus the
2825  * msb of the target for signed types are considered
2826  * to be significant bits. Loss of significant bits
2827  * means that at least one of the bits was set in an
2828  * unsigned type or that at least one but not all of
2829  * the bits was set in a signed type.
2830  * Loss of significant bits means that it is not
2831  * possible, also not with necessary casts, to convert
2832  * back to the original type. A example for a
2833  * necessary cast is:
2834  *	char c;	int	i; c = 128;
2835  *	i = c;			** yields -128 **
2836  *	i = (unsigned char)c;	** yields 128 **
2837  */
2838 static void
2839 convert_constant_check_range_truncated(op_t op, int arg, const type_t *tp,
2840 				       tspec_t ot)
2841 {
2842 	if (op == ASSIGN && tp->t_bitfield) {
2843 		/* precision lost in bit-field assignment */
2844 		warning(166);
2845 	} else if (op == ASSIGN) {
2846 		/* constant truncated by assignment */
2847 		warning(165);
2848 	} else if (op == INIT && tp->t_bitfield) {
2849 		/* bit-field initializer does not fit */
2850 		warning(180);
2851 	} else if (op == INIT) {
2852 		/* initializer does not fit */
2853 		warning(178);
2854 	} else if (op == CASE) {
2855 		/* case label affected by conversion */
2856 		warning(196);
2857 	} else if (op == FARG) {
2858 		/* conversion of '%s' to '%s' is out of range, arg #%d */
2859 		warning(295,
2860 		    type_name(gettyp(ot)), type_name(tp), arg);
2861 	} else {
2862 		/* conversion of '%s' to '%s' is out of range */
2863 		warning(119,
2864 		    type_name(gettyp(ot)), type_name(tp));
2865 	}
2866 }
2867 
2868 static void
2869 convert_constant_check_range_loss(op_t op, int arg, const type_t *tp,
2870 				  tspec_t ot)
2871 {
2872 	if (op == ASSIGN && tp->t_bitfield) {
2873 		/* precision lost in bit-field assignment */
2874 		warning(166);
2875 	} else if (op == INIT && tp->t_bitfield) {
2876 		/* bit-field initializer out of range */
2877 		warning(11);
2878 	} else if (op == CASE) {
2879 		/* case label affected by conversion */
2880 		warning(196);
2881 	} else if (op == FARG) {
2882 		/* conversion of '%s' to '%s' is out of range, arg #%d */
2883 		warning(295,
2884 		    type_name(gettyp(ot)), type_name(tp), arg);
2885 	} else {
2886 		/* conversion of '%s' to '%s' is out of range */
2887 		warning(119,
2888 		    type_name(gettyp(ot)), type_name(tp));
2889 	}
2890 }
2891 
2892 static void
2893 convert_constant_check_range(tspec_t ot, const type_t *tp, tspec_t nt,
2894 			     op_t op, int arg, const val_t *v, val_t *nv)
2895 {
2896 	unsigned int obitsz, nbitsz;
2897 	uint64_t xmask, xmsk1;
2898 
2899 	obitsz = size_in_bits(ot);
2900 	nbitsz = tp->t_bitfield ? tp->t_flen : size_in_bits(nt);
2901 	xmask = value_bits(nbitsz) ^ value_bits(obitsz);
2902 	xmsk1 = value_bits(nbitsz) ^ value_bits(obitsz - 1);
2903 	/*
2904 	 * For bitwise operations we are not interested in the arithmetic
2905 	 * value, but in the bits itself.
2906 	 */
2907 	if (op == ORASS || op == BITOR || op == BITXOR) {
2908 		convert_constant_check_range_bitor(
2909 		    nbitsz, obitsz, v, xmask, op);
2910 	} else if (op == ANDASS || op == BITAND) {
2911 		convert_constant_check_range_bitand(
2912 		    nbitsz, obitsz, xmask, nv, ot, v, tp, op);
2913 	} else if ((nt != PTR && is_uinteger(nt)) &&
2914 		   (ot != PTR && !is_uinteger(ot)) &&
2915 		   v->v_quad < 0) {
2916 		convert_constant_check_range_signed(op, arg);
2917 	} else if (nv->v_quad != v->v_quad && nbitsz <= obitsz &&
2918 		   (v->v_quad & xmask) != 0 &&
2919 		   (is_uinteger(ot) || (v->v_quad & xmsk1) != xmsk1)) {
2920 		convert_constant_check_range_truncated(op, arg, tp, ot);
2921 	} else if (nv->v_quad != v->v_quad) {
2922 		convert_constant_check_range_loss(op, arg, tp, ot);
2923 	}
2924 }
2925 
2926 /*
2927  * Converts a typed constant to a constant of another type.
2928  *
2929  * op		operator which requires conversion
2930  * arg		if op is FARG, # of argument
2931  * tp		type in which to convert the constant
2932  * nv		new constant
2933  * v		old constant
2934  */
2935 void
2936 convert_constant(op_t op, int arg, const type_t *tp, val_t *nv, val_t *v)
2937 {
2938 	tspec_t ot, nt;
2939 	unsigned int sz;
2940 	bool range_check;
2941 
2942 	/*
2943 	 * TODO: make 'v' const; the name of this function does not suggest
2944 	 *  that it modifies 'v'.
2945 	 */
2946 	ot = v->v_tspec;
2947 	nt = nv->v_tspec = tp->t_tspec;
2948 	range_check = false;
2949 
2950 	if (nt == BOOL) {	/* C99 6.3.1.2 */
2951 		nv->v_unsigned_since_c90 = false;
2952 		nv->v_quad = is_nonzero_val(v) ? 1 : 0;
2953 		return;
2954 	}
2955 
2956 	if (ot == FLOAT || ot == DOUBLE || ot == LDOUBLE) {
2957 		convert_constant_floating(op, arg, ot, tp, nt, v, nv);
2958 	} else if (!convert_constant_to_floating(nt, nv, ot, v)) {
2959 		range_check = true;	/* Check for lost precision. */
2960 		nv->v_quad = v->v_quad;
2961 	}
2962 
2963 	if (allow_trad && allow_c90 && v->v_unsigned_since_c90 &&
2964 	    (is_floating(nt) || (
2965 		(is_integer(nt) && !is_uinteger(nt) &&
2966 		 portable_size_in_bits(nt) > portable_size_in_bits(ot))))) {
2967 		/* ANSI C treats constant as unsigned */
2968 		warning(157);
2969 		v->v_unsigned_since_c90 = false;
2970 	}
2971 
2972 	if (is_integer(nt)) {
2973 		sz = tp->t_bitfield ? tp->t_flen : size_in_bits(nt);
2974 		nv->v_quad = convert_integer(nv->v_quad, nt, sz);
2975 	}
2976 
2977 	if (range_check && op != CVT)
2978 		convert_constant_check_range(ot, tp, nt, op, arg, v, nv);
2979 }
2980 
2981 /*
2982  * Called if incompatible types were detected.
2983  * Prints a appropriate warning.
2984  */
2985 static void
2986 warn_incompatible_types(op_t op,
2987 			const type_t *ltp, tspec_t lt,
2988 			const type_t *rtp, tspec_t rt)
2989 {
2990 	const mod_t *mp;
2991 
2992 	mp = &modtab[op];
2993 
2994 	if (lt == VOID || (mp->m_binary && rt == VOID)) {
2995 		/* void type illegal in expression */
2996 		error(109);
2997 	} else if (op == ASSIGN) {
2998 		/* cannot assign to '%s' from '%s' */
2999 		error(171, type_name(ltp), type_name(rtp));
3000 	} else if (mp->m_binary) {
3001 		/* operands of '%s' have incompatible types '%s' and '%s' */
3002 		error(107, mp->m_name, tspec_name(lt), tspec_name(rt));
3003 	} else {
3004 		lint_assert(rt == NOTSPEC);
3005 		/* operand of '%s' has invalid type '%s' */
3006 		error(108, mp->m_name, type_name(ltp));
3007 	}
3008 }
3009 
3010 /*
3011  * Called if incompatible pointer types are detected.
3012  * Print an appropriate warning.
3013  */
3014 static void
3015 warn_incompatible_pointers(const mod_t *mp,
3016 			   const type_t *ltp, const type_t *rtp)
3017 {
3018 	tspec_t	lt, rt;
3019 
3020 	lint_assert(ltp->t_tspec == PTR);
3021 	lint_assert(rtp->t_tspec == PTR);
3022 
3023 	lt = ltp->t_subt->t_tspec;
3024 	rt = rtp->t_subt->t_tspec;
3025 
3026 	if (is_struct_or_union(lt) && is_struct_or_union(rt)) {
3027 		if (mp == NULL) {
3028 			/* illegal structure pointer combination */
3029 			warning(244);
3030 		} else {
3031 			/* incompatible structure pointers: '%s' '%s' '%s' */
3032 			warning(245, type_name(ltp), mp->m_name, type_name(rtp));
3033 		}
3034 	} else {
3035 		if (mp == NULL) {
3036 			/* illegal combination of '%s' and '%s' */
3037 			warning(184, type_name(ltp), type_name(rtp));
3038 		} else {
3039 			/* illegal combination of '%s' and '%s', op '%s' */
3040 			warning(124,
3041 			    type_name(ltp), type_name(rtp), mp->m_name);
3042 		}
3043 	}
3044 }
3045 
3046 /* Return a type based on tp1, with added qualifiers from tp2. */
3047 static type_t *
3048 merge_qualifiers(type_t *tp1, const type_t *tp2)
3049 {
3050 	type_t *ntp, *nstp;
3051 	bool c1, c2, v1, v2;
3052 
3053 	lint_assert(tp1->t_tspec == PTR);
3054 	lint_assert(tp2->t_tspec == PTR);
3055 
3056 	c1 = tp1->t_subt->t_const;
3057 	c2 = tp2->t_subt->t_const;
3058 	v1 = tp1->t_subt->t_volatile;
3059 	v2 = tp2->t_subt->t_volatile;
3060 
3061 	if (c1 == (c1 | c2) && v1 == (v1 | v2))
3062 		return tp1;
3063 
3064 	nstp = expr_dup_type(tp1->t_subt);
3065 	nstp->t_const |= c2;
3066 	nstp->t_volatile |= v2;
3067 
3068 	ntp = expr_dup_type(tp1);
3069 	ntp->t_subt = nstp;
3070 	return ntp;
3071 }
3072 
3073 /*
3074  * Returns true if the given structure or union has a constant member
3075  * (maybe recursively).
3076  */
3077 static bool
3078 has_constant_member(const type_t *tp)
3079 {
3080 	sym_t *m;
3081 
3082 	lint_assert(is_struct_or_union(tp->t_tspec));
3083 
3084 	for (m = tp->t_str->sou_first_member; m != NULL; m = m->s_next) {
3085 		const type_t *mtp = m->s_type;
3086 		if (mtp->t_const)
3087 			return true;
3088 		if (is_struct_or_union(mtp->t_tspec) &&
3089 		    has_constant_member(mtp))
3090 			return true;
3091 	}
3092 	return false;
3093 }
3094 
3095 /*
3096  * Create a new node for one of the operators POINT and ARROW.
3097  */
3098 static tnode_t *
3099 build_struct_access(op_t op, bool sys, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
3100 {
3101 	tnode_t	*ntn, *ctn;
3102 	bool	nolval;
3103 
3104 	lint_assert(rn->tn_op == NAME);
3105 	lint_assert(is_member(rn->tn_sym));
3106 
3107 	/*
3108 	 * Remember if the left operand is an lvalue (structure members
3109 	 * are lvalues if and only if the structure itself is an lvalue).
3110 	 */
3111 	nolval = op == POINT && !ln->tn_lvalue;
3112 
3113 	if (op == POINT) {
3114 		ln = build_address(sys, ln, true);
3115 	} else if (ln->tn_type->t_tspec != PTR) {
3116 		lint_assert(!allow_c90);
3117 		lint_assert(is_integer(ln->tn_type->t_tspec));
3118 		ln = convert(NOOP, 0, expr_derive_type(gettyp(VOID), PTR), ln);
3119 	}
3120 
3121 	ctn = build_integer_constant(PTRDIFF_TSPEC,
3122 	    rn->tn_sym->u.s_member.sm_offset_in_bits / CHAR_SIZE);
3123 
3124 	ntn = new_tnode(PLUS, sys, expr_derive_type(rn->tn_type, PTR),
3125 	    ln, ctn);
3126 	if (ln->tn_op == CON)
3127 		ntn = fold(ntn);
3128 
3129 	if (rn->tn_type->t_bitfield) {
3130 		ntn = new_tnode(FSEL, sys, ntn->tn_type->t_subt, ntn, NULL);
3131 	} else {
3132 		ntn = new_tnode(INDIR, sys, ntn->tn_type->t_subt, ntn, NULL);
3133 	}
3134 
3135 	if (nolval)
3136 		ntn->tn_lvalue = false;
3137 
3138 	return ntn;
3139 }
3140 
3141 /*
3142  * Create a node for INCAFT, INCBEF, DECAFT and DECBEF.
3143  */
3144 static tnode_t *
3145 build_prepost_incdec(op_t op, bool sys, tnode_t *ln)
3146 {
3147 	tnode_t	*cn, *ntn;
3148 
3149 	lint_assert(ln != NULL);
3150 
3151 	if (ln->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR) {
3152 		cn = subt_size_in_bytes(ln->tn_type);
3153 	} else {
3154 		cn = build_integer_constant(INT, (int64_t)1);
3155 	}
3156 	ntn = new_tnode(op, sys, ln->tn_type, ln, cn);
3157 
3158 	return ntn;
3159 }
3160 
3161 /*
3162  * Create a node for REAL, IMAG
3163  */
3164 static tnode_t *
3165 build_real_imag(op_t op, bool sys, tnode_t *ln)
3166 {
3167 	tnode_t	*cn, *ntn;
3168 
3169 	lint_assert(ln != NULL);
3170 
3171 	if (ln->tn_op == NAME) {
3172 		/*
3173 		 * This may be too much, but it avoids wrong warnings.
3174 		 * See d_c99_complex_split.c.
3175 		 */
3176 		mark_as_used(ln->tn_sym, false, false);
3177 		mark_as_set(ln->tn_sym);
3178 	}
3179 
3180 	switch (ln->tn_type->t_tspec) {
3181 	case LCOMPLEX:
3182 		/* XXX: integer and LDOUBLE don't match. */
3183 		cn = build_integer_constant(LDOUBLE, (int64_t)1);
3184 		break;
3185 	case DCOMPLEX:
3186 		/* XXX: integer and DOUBLE don't match. */
3187 		cn = build_integer_constant(DOUBLE, (int64_t)1);
3188 		break;
3189 	case FCOMPLEX:
3190 		/* XXX: integer and FLOAT don't match. */
3191 		cn = build_integer_constant(FLOAT, (int64_t)1);
3192 		break;
3193 	default:
3194 		/* '__%s__' is illegal for type '%s' */
3195 		error(276, op == REAL ? "real" : "imag",
3196 		    type_name(ln->tn_type));
3197 		return NULL;
3198 	}
3199 	ntn = new_tnode(op, sys, cn->tn_type, ln, cn);
3200 	ntn->tn_lvalue = true;
3201 
3202 	return ntn;
3203 }
3204 
3205 /*
3206  * Create a tree node for the unary & operator
3207  */
3208 static tnode_t *
3209 build_address(bool sys, tnode_t *tn, bool noign)
3210 {
3211 	tspec_t	t;
3212 
3213 	if (!noign && ((t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec) == ARRAY || t == FUNC)) {
3214 		if (!allow_c90)
3215 			/* '&' before array or function: ignored */
3216 			warning(127);
3217 		return tn;
3218 	}
3219 
3220 	/* eliminate &* */
3221 	if (tn->tn_op == INDIR &&
3222 	    tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR &&
3223 	    tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_subt == tn->tn_type) {
3224 		return tn->tn_left;
3225 	}
3226 
3227 	return new_tnode(ADDR, sys, expr_derive_type(tn->tn_type, PTR),
3228 	    tn, NULL);
3229 }
3230 
3231 /*
3232  * Create a node for operators PLUS and MINUS.
3233  */
3234 static tnode_t *
3235 build_plus_minus(op_t op, bool sys, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
3236 {
3237 
3238 	/* If pointer and integer, then pointer to the lhs. */
3239 	if (rn->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR && is_integer(ln->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
3240 		tnode_t *tmp = ln;
3241 		ln = rn;
3242 		rn = tmp;
3243 		/* pointer addition has integer on the left-hand side */
3244 		query_message(5);
3245 	}
3246 
3247 	/* pointer +- integer */
3248 	if (ln->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR && rn->tn_type->t_tspec != PTR) {
3249 		lint_assert(is_integer(rn->tn_type->t_tspec));
3250 
3251 		check_ctype_macro_invocation(ln, rn);
3252 		check_enum_array_index(ln, rn);
3253 
3254 		tnode_t *elsz = subt_size_in_bytes(ln->tn_type);
3255 		if (rn->tn_type->t_tspec != elsz->tn_type->t_tspec)
3256 			rn = convert(NOOP, 0, elsz->tn_type, rn);
3257 
3258 		tnode_t *prod = new_tnode(MULT, sys, rn->tn_type, rn, elsz);
3259 		if (rn->tn_op == CON)
3260 			prod = fold(prod);
3261 
3262 		return new_tnode(op, sys, ln->tn_type, ln, prod);
3263 	}
3264 
3265 	/* pointer - pointer */
3266 	if (rn->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR) {
3267 		lint_assert(ln->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR);
3268 		lint_assert(op == MINUS);
3269 
3270 		type_t *ptrdiff = gettyp(PTRDIFF_TSPEC);
3271 		tnode_t *raw_diff = new_tnode(op, sys, ptrdiff, ln, rn);
3272 		if (ln->tn_op == CON && rn->tn_op == CON)
3273 			raw_diff = fold(raw_diff);
3274 
3275 		tnode_t *elsz = subt_size_in_bytes(ln->tn_type);
3276 		balance(NOOP, &raw_diff, &elsz);
3277 
3278 		return new_tnode(DIV, sys, ptrdiff, raw_diff, elsz);
3279 	}
3280 
3281 	return new_tnode(op, sys, ln->tn_type, ln, rn);
3282 }
3283 
3284 /*
3285  * Create a node for operators SHL and SHR.
3286  */
3287 static tnode_t *
3288 build_bit_shift(op_t op, bool sys, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
3289 {
3290 
3291 	if (!allow_c90 && rn->tn_type->t_tspec != INT)
3292 		rn = convert(NOOP, 0, gettyp(INT), rn);
3293 	return new_tnode(op, sys, ln->tn_type, ln, rn);
3294 }
3295 
3296 /*
3297  * Create a node for COLON.
3298  */
3299 static tnode_t *
3300 build_colon(bool sys, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
3301 {
3302 	tspec_t	lt, rt, pdt;
3303 	type_t	*tp;
3304 	tnode_t	*ntn;
3305 
3306 	lt = ln->tn_type->t_tspec;
3307 	rt = rn->tn_type->t_tspec;
3308 	pdt = PTRDIFF_TSPEC;
3309 
3310 	/*
3311 	 * Arithmetic types are balanced, all other type combinations
3312 	 * still need to be handled.
3313 	 */
3314 	if (is_arithmetic(lt) && is_arithmetic(rt)) {
3315 		tp = ln->tn_type;
3316 	} else if (lt == BOOL && rt == BOOL) {
3317 		tp = ln->tn_type;
3318 	} else if (lt == VOID || rt == VOID) {
3319 		tp = gettyp(VOID);
3320 	} else if (is_struct_or_union(lt)) {
3321 		/* Both types must be identical. */
3322 		lint_assert(is_struct_or_union(rt));
3323 		lint_assert(ln->tn_type->t_str == rn->tn_type->t_str);
3324 		if (is_incomplete(ln->tn_type)) {
3325 			/* unknown operand size, op '%s' */
3326 			error(138, op_name(COLON));
3327 			return NULL;
3328 		}
3329 		tp = ln->tn_type;
3330 	} else if (lt == PTR && is_integer(rt)) {
3331 		if (rt != pdt) {
3332 			rn = convert(NOOP, 0, gettyp(pdt), rn);
3333 			rt = pdt;
3334 		}
3335 		tp = ln->tn_type;
3336 	} else if (rt == PTR && is_integer(lt)) {
3337 		if (lt != pdt) {
3338 			ln = convert(NOOP, 0, gettyp(pdt), ln);
3339 			lt = pdt;
3340 		}
3341 		tp = rn->tn_type;
3342 	} else if (lt == PTR && ln->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID) {
3343 		tp = merge_qualifiers(rn->tn_type, ln->tn_type);
3344 	} else if (rt == PTR && rn->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID) {
3345 		tp = merge_qualifiers(ln->tn_type, rn->tn_type);
3346 	} else {
3347 		/*
3348 		 * XXX For now we simply take the left type. This is
3349 		 * probably wrong, if one type contains a function prototype
3350 		 * and the other one, at the same place, only an old-style
3351 		 * declaration.
3352 		 */
3353 		tp = merge_qualifiers(ln->tn_type, rn->tn_type);
3354 	}
3355 
3356 	ntn = new_tnode(COLON, sys, tp, ln, rn);
3357 
3358 	return ntn;
3359 }
3360 
3361 /* TODO: check for varargs */
3362 static bool
3363 is_cast_redundant(const tnode_t *tn)
3364 {
3365 	const type_t *ntp = tn->tn_type, *otp = tn->tn_left->tn_type;
3366 	tspec_t nt = ntp->t_tspec, ot = otp->t_tspec;
3367 
3368 	if (nt == BOOL || ot == BOOL)
3369 		return nt == BOOL && ot == BOOL;
3370 
3371 	if (is_integer(nt) && is_integer(ot)) {
3372 		unsigned int nw = width_in_bits(ntp), ow = width_in_bits(otp);
3373 		if (is_uinteger(nt) == is_uinteger(ot))
3374 		       return nw >= ow;
3375 		return is_uinteger(ot) && nw > ow;
3376 	}
3377 
3378 	if (is_complex(nt) || is_complex(ot))
3379 		return is_complex(nt) && is_complex(ot) &&
3380 		       size_in_bits(nt) >= size_in_bits(ot);
3381 
3382 	if (is_floating(nt) && is_floating(ot))
3383 		return size_in_bits(nt) >= size_in_bits(ot);
3384 
3385 	if (nt == PTR && ot == PTR) {
3386 		if (!ntp->t_subt->t_const && otp->t_subt->t_const)
3387 			return false;
3388 		if (!ntp->t_subt->t_volatile && otp->t_subt->t_volatile)
3389 			return false;
3390 
3391 		if (ntp->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID ||
3392 		    otp->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID ||
3393 		    types_compatible(ntp->t_subt, otp->t_subt,
3394 			false, false, NULL))
3395 			return true;
3396 	}
3397 
3398 	return false;
3399 }
3400 
3401 /*
3402  * Create a node for an assignment operator (both = and op= ).
3403  */
3404 static tnode_t *
3405 build_assignment(op_t op, bool sys, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
3406 {
3407 	tspec_t	lt, rt;
3408 	tnode_t	*ntn, *ctn;
3409 
3410 	lint_assert(ln != NULL);
3411 	lint_assert(rn != NULL);
3412 
3413 	lt = ln->tn_type->t_tspec;
3414 	rt = rn->tn_type->t_tspec;
3415 
3416 	if ((op == ADDASS || op == SUBASS) && lt == PTR) {
3417 		lint_assert(is_integer(rt));
3418 		ctn = subt_size_in_bytes(ln->tn_type);
3419 		if (rn->tn_type->t_tspec != ctn->tn_type->t_tspec)
3420 			rn = convert(NOOP, 0, ctn->tn_type, rn);
3421 		rn = new_tnode(MULT, sys, rn->tn_type, rn, ctn);
3422 		if (rn->tn_left->tn_op == CON)
3423 			rn = fold(rn);
3424 	}
3425 
3426 	if ((op == ASSIGN || op == RETURN || op == INIT) &&
3427 	    (lt == STRUCT || rt == STRUCT)) {
3428 		lint_assert(lt == rt);
3429 		lint_assert(ln->tn_type->t_str == rn->tn_type->t_str);
3430 		if (is_incomplete(ln->tn_type)) {
3431 			if (op == RETURN) {
3432 				/* cannot return incomplete type */
3433 				error(212);
3434 			} else {
3435 				/* unknown operand size, op '%s' */
3436 				error(138, op_name(op));
3437 			}
3438 			return NULL;
3439 		}
3440 	}
3441 
3442 	if (op == SHLASS) {
3443 		if (portable_size_in_bits(lt) < portable_size_in_bits(rt)) {
3444 			if (hflag)
3445 				/* semantics of '%s' change in ANSI C; ... */
3446 				warning(118, "<<=");
3447 		}
3448 	} else if (op != SHRASS) {
3449 		if (op == ASSIGN || lt != PTR) {
3450 			if (lt != rt ||
3451 			    (ln->tn_type->t_bitfield && rn->tn_op == CON)) {
3452 				rn = convert(op, 0, ln->tn_type, rn);
3453 				rt = lt;
3454 			}
3455 		}
3456 	}
3457 
3458 	if (any_query_enabled && rn->tn_op == CVT && rn->tn_cast &&
3459 	    types_compatible(ln->tn_type, rn->tn_type, false, false, NULL) &&
3460 	    is_cast_redundant(rn)) {
3461 		/* redundant cast from '%s' to '%s' before assignment */
3462 		query_message(7,
3463 		    type_name(rn->tn_left->tn_type), type_name(rn->tn_type));
3464 	}
3465 
3466 	ntn = new_tnode(op, sys, ln->tn_type, ln, rn);
3467 
3468 	return ntn;
3469 }
3470 
3471 /*
3472  * Get the size in bytes of type tp->t_subt, as a constant expression of type
3473  * ptrdiff_t as seen from the target platform.
3474  */
3475 static tnode_t *
3476 subt_size_in_bytes(type_t *tp)
3477 {
3478 	int elem, elsz_in_bits;
3479 
3480 	lint_assert(tp->t_tspec == PTR);
3481 	tp = tp->t_subt;
3482 
3483 	elem = 1;
3484 	elsz_in_bits = 0;
3485 
3486 	while (tp->t_tspec == ARRAY) {
3487 		elem *= tp->t_dim;
3488 		tp = tp->t_subt;
3489 	}
3490 
3491 	switch (tp->t_tspec) {
3492 	case FUNC:
3493 		/* pointer to function is not allowed here */
3494 		error(110);
3495 		break;
3496 	case VOID:
3497 		/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of unknown size */
3498 		gnuism(136);
3499 		break;
3500 	case STRUCT:
3501 	case UNION:
3502 		if ((elsz_in_bits = tp->t_str->sou_size_in_bits) == 0)
3503 			/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of ... */
3504 			error(136);
3505 		break;
3506 	case ENUM:
3507 		if (is_incomplete(tp)) {
3508 			/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of ... */
3509 			warning(136);
3510 		}
3511 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3512 	default:
3513 		if ((elsz_in_bits = size_in_bits(tp->t_tspec)) == 0) {
3514 			/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of ... */
3515 			error(136);
3516 		} else {
3517 			lint_assert(elsz_in_bits != -1);
3518 		}
3519 		break;
3520 	}
3521 
3522 	if (elem == 0 && elsz_in_bits != 0) {
3523 		/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of unknown size */
3524 		error(136);
3525 	}
3526 
3527 	if (elsz_in_bits == 0)
3528 		elsz_in_bits = CHAR_SIZE;
3529 
3530 	return build_integer_constant(PTRDIFF_TSPEC,
3531 	    (int64_t)(elem * elsz_in_bits / CHAR_SIZE));
3532 }
3533 
3534 /*
3535  * XXX
3536  * Note: There appear to be a number of bugs in detecting overflow in
3537  * this function. An audit and a set of proper regression tests are needed.
3538  *     --Perry Metzger, Nov. 16, 2001
3539  */
3540 /*
3541  * Do only as much as necessary to compute constant expressions.
3542  * Called only if the operator allows folding and all operands are constants.
3543  */
3544 static tnode_t *
3545 fold(tnode_t *tn)
3546 {
3547 	val_t *v;
3548 	tspec_t t;
3549 	bool utyp, ovfl;
3550 	int64_t sl, sr = 0, q = 0, mask;
3551 	uint64_t ul, ur = 0;
3552 	tnode_t *cn;
3553 
3554 	v = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*v));
3555 	v->v_tspec = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
3556 
3557 	t = tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec;
3558 	utyp = !is_integer(t) || is_uinteger(t);
3559 	ul = sl = tn->tn_left->tn_val->v_quad;
3560 	if (is_binary(tn))
3561 		ur = sr = tn->tn_right->tn_val->v_quad;
3562 
3563 	mask = value_bits(size_in_bits(t));
3564 	ovfl = false;
3565 
3566 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
3567 	case UPLUS:
3568 		q = sl;
3569 		break;
3570 	case UMINUS:
3571 		q = sl == INT64_MIN ? sl : -sl;
3572 		if (sl != 0 && msb(q, t) == msb(sl, t))
3573 			ovfl = true;
3574 		break;
3575 	case COMPL:
3576 		q = ~sl;
3577 		break;
3578 	case MULT:
3579 		if (utyp) {
3580 			q = ul * ur;
3581 			if (q != (q & mask))
3582 				ovfl = true;
3583 			else if ((ul != 0) && ((q / ul) != ur))
3584 				ovfl = true;
3585 		} else {
3586 			q = sl * sr;
3587 			if (msb(q, t) != (msb(sl, t) ^ msb(sr, t)))
3588 				ovfl = true;
3589 		}
3590 		break;
3591 	case DIV:
3592 		if (sr == 0) {
3593 			/* division by 0 */
3594 			error(139);
3595 			q = utyp ? -1 : INT64_MAX;
3596 		} else {
3597 			q = utyp ? (int64_t)(ul / ur) : sl / sr;
3598 		}
3599 		break;
3600 	case MOD:
3601 		if (sr == 0) {
3602 			/* modulus by 0 */
3603 			error(140);
3604 			q = 0;
3605 		} else {
3606 			q = utyp ? (int64_t)(ul % ur) : sl % sr;
3607 		}
3608 		break;
3609 	case PLUS:
3610 		q = utyp ? (int64_t)(ul + ur) : sl + sr;
3611 		if (msb(sl, t) && msb(sr, t) && !msb(q, t))
3612 			ovfl = true;
3613 		if (!utyp && !msb(sl, t) && !msb(sr, t) && msb(q, t))
3614 			ovfl = true;
3615 		break;
3616 	case MINUS:
3617 		q = utyp ? (int64_t)(ul - ur) : sl - sr;
3618 		if (!utyp && msb(sl, t) && !msb(sr, t) && !msb(q, t))
3619 			ovfl = true;
3620 		if (!msb(sl, t) && msb(sr, t) && msb(q, t))
3621 			ovfl = true;
3622 		break;
3623 	case SHL:
3624 		/* TODO: warn about out-of-bounds 'sr'. */
3625 		q = utyp ? (int64_t)(ul << (sr & 63)) : sl << (sr & 63);
3626 		break;
3627 	case SHR:
3628 		/*
3629 		 * The sign must be explicitly extended because
3630 		 * shifts of signed values are implementation dependent.
3631 		 */
3632 		/* TODO: warn about out-of-bounds 'sr'. */
3633 		q = ul >> (sr & 63);
3634 		q = convert_integer(q, t, size_in_bits(t) - (int)sr);
3635 		break;
3636 	case LT:
3637 		q = (utyp ? ul < ur : sl < sr) ? 1 : 0;
3638 		break;
3639 	case LE:
3640 		q = (utyp ? ul <= ur : sl <= sr) ? 1 : 0;
3641 		break;
3642 	case GE:
3643 		q = (utyp ? ul >= ur : sl >= sr) ? 1 : 0;
3644 		break;
3645 	case GT:
3646 		q = (utyp ? ul > ur : sl > sr) ? 1 : 0;
3647 		break;
3648 	case EQ:
3649 		q = (utyp ? ul == ur : sl == sr) ? 1 : 0;
3650 		break;
3651 	case NE:
3652 		q = (utyp ? ul != ur : sl != sr) ? 1 : 0;
3653 		break;
3654 	case BITAND:
3655 		q = utyp ? (int64_t)(ul & ur) : sl & sr;
3656 		break;
3657 	case BITXOR:
3658 		q = utyp ? (int64_t)(ul ^ ur) : sl ^ sr;
3659 		break;
3660 	case BITOR:
3661 		q = utyp ? (int64_t)(ul | ur) : sl | sr;
3662 		break;
3663 	default:
3664 		lint_assert(/*CONSTCOND*/false);
3665 	}
3666 
3667 	/* XXX does not work for quads. */
3668 	if (ovfl ||
3669 	    ((uint64_t)(q | mask) != ~(uint64_t)0 && (q & ~mask) != 0)) {
3670 		if (hflag)
3671 			/* integer overflow detected, op '%s' */
3672 			warning(141, op_name(tn->tn_op));
3673 	}
3674 
3675 	v->v_quad = convert_integer(q, t, 0);
3676 
3677 	cn = build_constant(tn->tn_type, v);
3678 	if (tn->tn_left->tn_system_dependent)
3679 		cn->tn_system_dependent = true;
3680 	if (is_binary(tn) && tn->tn_right->tn_system_dependent)
3681 		cn->tn_system_dependent = true;
3682 
3683 	return cn;
3684 }
3685 
3686 /*
3687  * Fold constant nodes, as much as is needed for comparing the value with 0.
3688  */
3689 static tnode_t *
3690 fold_bool(tnode_t *tn)
3691 {
3692 	bool	l, r;
3693 	val_t	*v;
3694 
3695 	v = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*v));
3696 	v->v_tspec = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
3697 	lint_assert(v->v_tspec == INT || (Tflag && v->v_tspec == BOOL));
3698 
3699 	l = constant_is_nonzero(tn->tn_left);
3700 	r = is_binary(tn) && constant_is_nonzero(tn->tn_right);
3701 
3702 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
3703 	case NOT:
3704 		if (hflag && !constcond_flag)
3705 			/* constant argument to '!' */
3706 			warning(239);
3707 		v->v_quad = !l ? 1 : 0;
3708 		break;
3709 	case LOGAND:
3710 		v->v_quad = l && r ? 1 : 0;
3711 		break;
3712 	case LOGOR:
3713 		v->v_quad = l || r ? 1 : 0;
3714 		break;
3715 	default:
3716 		lint_assert(/*CONSTCOND*/false);
3717 	}
3718 
3719 	return build_constant(tn->tn_type, v);
3720 }
3721 
3722 static ldbl_t
3723 floating_error_value(tspec_t t, ldbl_t lv)
3724 {
3725 	if (t == FLOAT) {
3726 		return lv < 0 ? -FLT_MAX : FLT_MAX;
3727 	} else if (t == DOUBLE) {
3728 		return lv < 0 ? -DBL_MAX : DBL_MAX;
3729 	} else {
3730 		/* LINTED 248: floating-point constant out of range */
3731 		ldbl_t max = LDBL_MAX;
3732 		return lv < 0 ? -max : max;
3733 	}
3734 }
3735 
3736 /*
3737  * Fold constant nodes having operands with floating point type.
3738  */
3739 static tnode_t *
3740 fold_float(tnode_t *tn)
3741 {
3742 	val_t	*v;
3743 	tspec_t	t;
3744 	ldbl_t	lv, rv = 0;
3745 
3746 	fpe = 0;
3747 	v = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*v));
3748 	v->v_tspec = t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
3749 
3750 	lint_assert(is_floating(t));
3751 	lint_assert(t == tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec);
3752 	lint_assert(!is_binary(tn) || t == tn->tn_right->tn_type->t_tspec);
3753 
3754 	lv = tn->tn_left->tn_val->v_ldbl;
3755 	if (is_binary(tn))
3756 		rv = tn->tn_right->tn_val->v_ldbl;
3757 
3758 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
3759 	case UPLUS:
3760 		v->v_ldbl = lv;
3761 		break;
3762 	case UMINUS:
3763 		v->v_ldbl = -lv;
3764 		break;
3765 	case MULT:
3766 		v->v_ldbl = lv * rv;
3767 		break;
3768 	case DIV:
3769 		if (rv == 0.0) {
3770 			/* division by 0 */
3771 			error(139);
3772 			v->v_ldbl = floating_error_value(t, lv);
3773 		} else {
3774 			v->v_ldbl = lv / rv;
3775 		}
3776 		break;
3777 	case PLUS:
3778 		v->v_ldbl = lv + rv;
3779 		break;
3780 	case MINUS:
3781 		v->v_ldbl = lv - rv;
3782 		break;
3783 	case LT:
3784 		v->v_quad = lv < rv ? 1 : 0;
3785 		break;
3786 	case LE:
3787 		v->v_quad = lv <= rv ? 1 : 0;
3788 		break;
3789 	case GE:
3790 		v->v_quad = lv >= rv ? 1 : 0;
3791 		break;
3792 	case GT:
3793 		v->v_quad = lv > rv ? 1 : 0;
3794 		break;
3795 	case EQ:
3796 		v->v_quad = lv == rv ? 1 : 0;
3797 		break;
3798 	case NE:
3799 		v->v_quad = lv != rv ? 1 : 0;
3800 		break;
3801 	default:
3802 		lint_assert(/*CONSTCOND*/false);
3803 	}
3804 
3805 	lint_assert(fpe != 0 || isnan((double)v->v_ldbl) == 0);
3806 	if (fpe != 0 || isfinite((double)v->v_ldbl) == 0 ||
3807 	    (t == FLOAT &&
3808 	     (v->v_ldbl > FLT_MAX || v->v_ldbl < -FLT_MAX)) ||
3809 	    (t == DOUBLE &&
3810 	     (v->v_ldbl > DBL_MAX || v->v_ldbl < -DBL_MAX))) {
3811 		/* floating point overflow on operator '%s' */
3812 		warning(142, op_name(tn->tn_op));
3813 		v->v_ldbl = floating_error_value(t, v->v_ldbl);
3814 		fpe = 0;
3815 	}
3816 
3817 	return build_constant(tn->tn_type, v);
3818 }
3819 
3820 
3821 /*
3822  * Create a constant node for sizeof.
3823  */
3824 tnode_t *
3825 build_sizeof(const type_t *tp)
3826 {
3827 	unsigned int size_in_bytes = type_size_in_bits(tp) / CHAR_SIZE;
3828 	tnode_t *tn = build_integer_constant(SIZEOF_TSPEC, size_in_bytes);
3829 	tn->tn_system_dependent = true;
3830 	debug_step("build_sizeof '%s' = %u", type_name(tp), size_in_bytes);
3831 	return tn;
3832 }
3833 
3834 /*
3835  * Create a constant node for offsetof.
3836  */
3837 /* ARGSUSED */ /* See implementation comments. */
3838 tnode_t *
3839 build_offsetof(const type_t *tp, const sym_t *sym)
3840 {
3841 	unsigned int offset_in_bytes;
3842 	tnode_t *tn;
3843 
3844 	if (!is_struct_or_union(tp->t_tspec))
3845 		/* unacceptable operand of '%s' */
3846 		error(111, "offsetof");
3847 
3848 	/* XXX: wrong size, no checking for sym fixme */
3849 	offset_in_bytes = type_size_in_bits(tp) / CHAR_SIZE;
3850 	tn = build_integer_constant(SIZEOF_TSPEC, offset_in_bytes);
3851 	tn->tn_system_dependent = true;
3852 	return tn;
3853 }
3854 
3855 unsigned int
3856 type_size_in_bits(const type_t *tp)
3857 {
3858 	unsigned int elem, elsz;
3859 	bool	flex;
3860 
3861 	elem = 1;
3862 	flex = false;
3863 	lint_assert(tp != NULL);
3864 	while (tp->t_tspec == ARRAY) {
3865 		flex = true;	/* allow c99 flex arrays [] [0] */
3866 		elem *= tp->t_dim;
3867 		tp = tp->t_subt;
3868 	}
3869 	if (elem == 0) {
3870 		if (!flex) {
3871 			/* cannot take size/alignment of incomplete type */
3872 			error(143);
3873 			elem = 1;
3874 		}
3875 	}
3876 	switch (tp->t_tspec) {
3877 	case FUNC:
3878 		/* cannot take size/alignment of function type '%s' */
3879 		error(144, type_name(tp));
3880 		elsz = 1;
3881 		break;
3882 	case STRUCT:
3883 	case UNION:
3884 		if (is_incomplete(tp)) {
3885 			/* cannot take size/alignment of incomplete type */
3886 			error(143);
3887 			elsz = 1;
3888 		} else {
3889 			elsz = tp->t_str->sou_size_in_bits;
3890 		}
3891 		break;
3892 	case ENUM:
3893 		if (is_incomplete(tp)) {
3894 			/* cannot take size/alignment of incomplete type */
3895 			warning(143);
3896 		}
3897 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3898 	default:
3899 		if (tp->t_bitfield) {
3900 			/* cannot take size/alignment of bit-field */
3901 			error(145);
3902 		}
3903 		if (tp->t_tspec == VOID) {
3904 			/* cannot take size/alignment of void */
3905 			error(146);
3906 			elsz = 1;
3907 		} else {
3908 			elsz = size_in_bits(tp->t_tspec);
3909 			lint_assert(elsz > 0);
3910 		}
3911 		break;
3912 	}
3913 
3914 	return elem * elsz;
3915 }
3916 
3917 tnode_t *
3918 build_alignof(const type_t *tp)
3919 {
3920 	switch (tp->t_tspec) {
3921 	case ARRAY:
3922 		break;
3923 
3924 	case FUNC:
3925 		/* cannot take size/alignment of function type '%s' */
3926 		error(144, type_name(tp));
3927 		return 0;
3928 
3929 	case STRUCT:
3930 	case UNION:
3931 		if (is_incomplete(tp)) {
3932 			/* cannot take size/alignment of incomplete type */
3933 			error(143);
3934 			return 0;
3935 		}
3936 		break;
3937 	case ENUM:
3938 		break;
3939 	default:
3940 		if (tp->t_bitfield) {
3941 			/* cannot take size/alignment of bit-field */
3942 			error(145);
3943 			return 0;
3944 		}
3945 		if (tp->t_tspec == VOID) {
3946 			/* cannot take size/alignment of void */
3947 			error(146);
3948 			return 0;
3949 		}
3950 		break;
3951 	}
3952 
3953 	return build_integer_constant(SIZEOF_TSPEC,
3954 	    (int64_t)alignment_in_bits(tp) / CHAR_SIZE);
3955 }
3956 
3957 /*
3958  * Type casts.
3959  */
3960 tnode_t *
3961 cast(tnode_t *tn, type_t *tp)
3962 {
3963 	tspec_t	nt, ot;
3964 
3965 	if (tn == NULL)
3966 		return NULL;
3967 
3968 	tn = cconv(tn);
3969 
3970 	lint_assert(tp != NULL);
3971 	nt = tp->t_tspec;
3972 	ot = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
3973 
3974 	if (nt == VOID) {
3975 		/*
3976 		 * C90 6.3.4, C99 6.5.4p2 and C11 6.5.4p2 allow any type to
3977 		 * be cast to void.  The only other allowed casts are from a
3978 		 * scalar type to a scalar type.
3979 		 */
3980 	} else if (nt == UNION) {
3981 		sym_t *m;
3982 		struct_or_union *str = tp->t_str;
3983 		if (!allow_gcc) {
3984 			/* union cast is a GCC extension */
3985 			error(328);
3986 			return NULL;
3987 		}
3988 		for (m = str->sou_first_member; m != NULL; m = m->s_next) {
3989 			if (types_compatible(m->s_type, tn->tn_type,
3990 			    false, false, NULL)) {
3991 				tn = expr_alloc_tnode();
3992 				tn->tn_op = CVT;
3993 				tn->tn_type = tp;
3994 				tn->tn_cast = true;
3995 				tn->tn_right = NULL;
3996 				return tn;
3997 			}
3998 		}
3999 		/* type '%s' is not a member of '%s' */
4000 		error(329, type_name(tn->tn_type), type_name(tp));
4001 		return NULL;
4002 	} else if (nt == STRUCT || nt == ARRAY || nt == FUNC) {
4003 		/* Casting to a struct is an undocumented GCC extension. */
4004 		if (!(allow_gcc && nt == STRUCT))
4005 			goto invalid_cast;
4006 	} else if (is_struct_or_union(ot)) {
4007 		goto invalid_cast;
4008 	} else if (ot == VOID) {
4009 		/* improper cast of void expression */
4010 		error(148);
4011 		return NULL;
4012 	} else if (is_integer(nt) && is_scalar(ot)) {
4013 		/* ok */
4014 	} else if (is_floating(nt) && is_arithmetic(ot)) {
4015 		/* ok */
4016 	} else if (nt == PTR && is_integer(ot)) {
4017 		/* ok */
4018 	} else if (nt == PTR && ot == PTR) {
4019 		if (!tp->t_subt->t_const && tn->tn_type->t_subt->t_const) {
4020 			if (hflag)
4021 				/* cast discards 'const' from type '%s' */
4022 				warning(275, type_name(tn->tn_type));
4023 		}
4024 	} else
4025 		goto invalid_cast;
4026 
4027 	if (any_query_enabled && types_compatible(tp, tn->tn_type,
4028 	    false, false, NULL)) {
4029 		/* no-op cast from '%s' to '%s' */
4030 		query_message(6, type_name(tn->tn_type), type_name(tp));
4031 	}
4032 
4033 	tn = convert(CVT, 0, tp, tn);
4034 	tn->tn_cast = true;
4035 
4036 	return tn;
4037 
4038 invalid_cast:
4039 	/* invalid cast from '%s' to '%s' */
4040 	error(147, type_name(tn->tn_type), type_name(tp));
4041 	return NULL;
4042 }
4043 
4044 /*
4045  * Create the node for a function argument.
4046  * All necessary conversions and type checks are done in
4047  * build_function_call because build_function_argument has no
4048  * information about expected argument types.
4049  */
4050 tnode_t *
4051 build_function_argument(tnode_t *args, tnode_t *arg)
4052 {
4053 	/*
4054 	 * If there was a serious error in the expression for the argument,
4055 	 * create a dummy argument so the positions of the remaining arguments
4056 	 * will not change.
4057 	 */
4058 	if (arg == NULL)
4059 		arg = build_integer_constant(INT, 0);
4060 
4061 	return new_tnode(PUSH, arg->tn_sys, arg->tn_type, arg, args);
4062 }
4063 
4064 /*
4065  * Create the node for a function call. Also check types of
4066  * function arguments and insert conversions, if necessary.
4067  */
4068 tnode_t *
4069 build_function_call(tnode_t *func, bool sys, tnode_t *args)
4070 {
4071 	tnode_t	*ntn;
4072 	op_t	fcop;
4073 
4074 	if (func == NULL)
4075 		return NULL;
4076 
4077 	if (func->tn_op == NAME && func->tn_type->t_tspec == FUNC) {
4078 		fcop = CALL;
4079 	} else {
4080 		fcop = ICALL;
4081 	}
4082 
4083 	check_ctype_function_call(func, args);
4084 
4085 	/*
4086 	 * after cconv() func will always be a pointer to a function
4087 	 * if it is a valid function designator.
4088 	 */
4089 	func = cconv(func);
4090 
4091 	if (func->tn_type->t_tspec != PTR ||
4092 	    func->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec != FUNC) {
4093 		/* cannot call '%s', must be a function */
4094 		error(149, type_name(func->tn_type));
4095 		return NULL;
4096 	}
4097 
4098 	args = check_function_arguments(func->tn_type->t_subt, args);
4099 
4100 	ntn = new_tnode(fcop, sys, func->tn_type->t_subt->t_subt, func, args);
4101 
4102 	return ntn;
4103 }
4104 
4105 /*
4106  * Check types of all function arguments and insert conversions,
4107  * if necessary.
4108  */
4109 static tnode_t *
4110 check_function_arguments(type_t *ftp, tnode_t *args)
4111 {
4112 	tnode_t	*arg;
4113 	sym_t	*asym;
4114 	tspec_t	at;
4115 	int	narg, npar, n, i;
4116 
4117 	/* get # of args in the prototype */
4118 	npar = 0;
4119 	for (asym = ftp->t_args; asym != NULL; asym = asym->s_next)
4120 		npar++;
4121 
4122 	/* get # of args in function call */
4123 	narg = 0;
4124 	for (arg = args; arg != NULL; arg = arg->tn_right)
4125 		narg++;
4126 
4127 	asym = ftp->t_args;
4128 	if (ftp->t_proto && npar != narg && !(ftp->t_vararg && npar < narg)) {
4129 		/* argument mismatch: %d %s passed, %d expected */
4130 		error(150, narg, narg > 1 ? "arguments" : "argument", npar);
4131 		asym = NULL;
4132 	}
4133 
4134 	for (n = 1; n <= narg; n++) {
4135 
4136 		/*
4137 		 * The rightmost argument is at the top of the argument
4138 		 * subtree.
4139 		 */
4140 		for (i = narg, arg = args; i > n; i--, arg = arg->tn_right)
4141 			continue;
4142 
4143 		/* some things which are always not allowed */
4144 		if ((at = arg->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec) == VOID) {
4145 			/* void expressions may not be arguments, arg #%d */
4146 			error(151, n);
4147 			return NULL;
4148 		} else if (is_struct_or_union(at) &&
4149 			   is_incomplete(arg->tn_left->tn_type)) {
4150 			/* argument cannot have unknown size, arg #%d */
4151 			error(152, n);
4152 			return NULL;
4153 		} else if (is_integer(at) &&
4154 			   arg->tn_left->tn_type->t_is_enum &&
4155 			   is_incomplete(arg->tn_left->tn_type)) {
4156 			/* argument cannot have unknown size, arg #%d */
4157 			warning(152, n);
4158 		}
4159 
4160 		/* class conversions (arg in value context) */
4161 		arg->tn_left = cconv(arg->tn_left);
4162 
4163 		if (asym != NULL) {
4164 			arg->tn_left = check_prototype_argument(
4165 			    n, asym->s_type, arg->tn_left);
4166 		} else {
4167 			arg->tn_left = promote(NOOP, true, arg->tn_left);
4168 		}
4169 		arg->tn_type = arg->tn_left->tn_type;
4170 
4171 		if (asym != NULL)
4172 			asym = asym->s_next;
4173 	}
4174 
4175 	return args;
4176 }
4177 
4178 /*
4179  * Compare the type of an argument with the corresponding type of a
4180  * prototype parameter. If it is a valid combination, but both types
4181  * are not the same, insert a conversion to convert the argument into
4182  * the type of the parameter.
4183  */
4184 static tnode_t *
4185 check_prototype_argument(
4186 	int	n,		/* pos of arg */
4187 	type_t	*tp,		/* expected type (from prototype) */
4188 	tnode_t	*tn)		/* argument */
4189 {
4190 	tnode_t	*ln;
4191 	bool	dowarn;
4192 
4193 	ln = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ln));
4194 	ln->tn_type = expr_unqualified_type(tp);
4195 	ln->tn_lvalue = true;
4196 	if (typeok(FARG, n, ln, tn)) {
4197 		if (!types_compatible(tp, tn->tn_type,
4198 		    true, false, (dowarn = false, &dowarn)) || dowarn)
4199 			tn = convert(FARG, n, tp, tn);
4200 	}
4201 	free(ln);
4202 	return tn;
4203 }
4204 
4205 /*
4206  * Return the value of an integral constant expression.
4207  * If the expression is not constant or its type is not an integer
4208  * type, an error message is printed.
4209  */
4210 val_t *
4211 constant(tnode_t *tn, bool required)
4212 {
4213 	val_t	*v;
4214 
4215 	if (tn != NULL)
4216 		tn = cconv(tn);
4217 	if (tn != NULL)
4218 		tn = promote(NOOP, false, tn);
4219 
4220 	v = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*v));
4221 
4222 	if (tn == NULL) {
4223 		lint_assert(nerr != 0);
4224 		debug_step("constant node is null; returning 1 instead");
4225 		v->v_tspec = INT;
4226 		v->v_quad = 1;
4227 		return v;
4228 	}
4229 
4230 	v->v_tspec = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
4231 
4232 	if (tn->tn_op == CON) {
4233 		lint_assert(tn->tn_type->t_tspec == tn->tn_val->v_tspec);
4234 		if (is_integer(tn->tn_val->v_tspec)) {
4235 			v->v_unsigned_since_c90 =
4236 			    tn->tn_val->v_unsigned_since_c90;
4237 			v->v_quad = tn->tn_val->v_quad;
4238 			return v;
4239 		}
4240 		v->v_quad = tn->tn_val->v_ldbl;
4241 	} else {
4242 		v->v_quad = 1;
4243 	}
4244 
4245 	if (required)
4246 		/* integral constant expression expected */
4247 		error(55);
4248 	else
4249 		/* variable array dimension is a C99/GCC extension */
4250 		c99ism(318);
4251 
4252 	if (!is_integer(v->v_tspec))
4253 		v->v_tspec = INT;
4254 
4255 	return v;
4256 }
4257 
4258 static bool
4259 is_constcond_false(const tnode_t *tn, tspec_t t)
4260 {
4261 	return (t == BOOL || t == INT) &&
4262 	       tn->tn_op == CON && tn->tn_val->v_quad == 0;
4263 }
4264 
4265 /*
4266  * Perform some tests on expressions which can't be done in build_binary()
4267  * and functions called by build_binary(). These tests must be done here
4268  * because we need some information about the context in which the operations
4269  * are performed.
4270  * After all tests are performed and dofreeblk is true, expr() frees the
4271  * memory which is used for the expression.
4272  */
4273 void
4274 expr(tnode_t *tn, bool vctx, bool cond, bool dofreeblk, bool is_do_while)
4275 {
4276 
4277 	if (tn == NULL) {	/* in case of errors */
4278 		expr_free_all();
4279 		return;
4280 	}
4281 
4282 	/* expr() is also called in global initializations */
4283 	if (dcs->d_kind != DK_EXTERN && !is_do_while)
4284 		check_statement_reachable();
4285 
4286 	check_expr_misc(tn, vctx, cond, !cond, false, false, false);
4287 	if (tn->tn_op == ASSIGN) {
4288 		if (hflag && cond)
4289 			/* assignment in conditional context */
4290 			warning(159);
4291 	} else if (tn->tn_op == CON) {
4292 		if (hflag && cond && !constcond_flag &&
4293 		    !tn->tn_system_dependent &&
4294 		    !(is_do_while &&
4295 		      is_constcond_false(tn, tn->tn_type->t_tspec)))
4296 			/* constant in conditional context */
4297 			warning(161);
4298 	}
4299 	if (!modtab[tn->tn_op].m_has_side_effect) {
4300 		/*
4301 		 * for left operands of COMMA this warning is already
4302 		 * printed
4303 		 */
4304 		if (tn->tn_op != COMMA && !vctx && !cond)
4305 			check_null_effect(tn);
4306 	}
4307 	debug_node(tn);
4308 
4309 	/* free the tree memory */
4310 	if (dofreeblk)
4311 		expr_free_all();
4312 }
4313 
4314 static bool
4315 has_side_effect(const tnode_t *tn) /* NOLINT(misc-no-recursion) */
4316 {
4317 	op_t op = tn->tn_op;
4318 
4319 	if (modtab[op].m_has_side_effect)
4320 		return true;
4321 
4322 	if (op == CVT && tn->tn_type->t_tspec == VOID)
4323 		return has_side_effect(tn->tn_left);
4324 
4325 	/* XXX: Why not has_side_effect(tn->tn_left) as well? */
4326 	if (op == LOGAND || op == LOGOR)
4327 		return has_side_effect(tn->tn_right);
4328 
4329 	/* XXX: Why not has_side_effect(tn->tn_left) as well? */
4330 	if (op == QUEST)
4331 		return has_side_effect(tn->tn_right);
4332 
4333 	if (op == COLON || op == COMMA) {
4334 		return has_side_effect(tn->tn_left) ||
4335 		       has_side_effect(tn->tn_right);
4336 	}
4337 
4338 	return false;
4339 }
4340 
4341 static bool
4342 is_void_cast(const tnode_t *tn)
4343 {
4344 
4345 	return tn->tn_op == CVT && tn->tn_cast &&
4346 	       tn->tn_type->t_tspec == VOID;
4347 }
4348 
4349 static bool
4350 is_local_symbol(const tnode_t *tn)
4351 {
4352 
4353 	return tn->tn_op == LOAD &&
4354 	       tn->tn_left->tn_op == NAME &&
4355 	       tn->tn_left->tn_sym->s_scl == AUTO;
4356 }
4357 
4358 static bool
4359 is_int_constant_zero(const tnode_t *tn)
4360 {
4361 
4362 	return tn->tn_op == CON &&
4363 	       tn->tn_type->t_tspec == INT &&
4364 	       tn->tn_val->v_quad == 0;
4365 }
4366 
4367 static void
4368 check_null_effect(const tnode_t *tn)
4369 {
4370 
4371 	if (!hflag)
4372 		return;
4373 	if (has_side_effect(tn))
4374 		return;
4375 	if (is_void_cast(tn) && is_local_symbol(tn->tn_left))
4376 		return;
4377 	if (is_void_cast(tn) && is_int_constant_zero(tn->tn_left))
4378 		return;
4379 
4380 	/* expression has null effect */
4381 	warning(129);
4382 }
4383 
4384 static void
4385 check_expr_addr(const tnode_t *ln, bool szof, bool fcall)
4386 {
4387 	/* XXX: Taking warn_about_unreachable into account here feels wrong. */
4388 	if (ln->tn_op == NAME && (reached || !warn_about_unreachable)) {
4389 		if (!szof)
4390 			mark_as_set(ln->tn_sym);
4391 		mark_as_used(ln->tn_sym, fcall, szof);
4392 	}
4393 	if (ln->tn_op == INDIR && ln->tn_left->tn_op == PLUS)
4394 		/* check the range of array indices */
4395 		check_array_index(ln->tn_left, true);
4396 }
4397 
4398 static void
4399 check_expr_load(const tnode_t *ln)
4400 {
4401 	if (ln->tn_op == INDIR && ln->tn_left->tn_op == PLUS)
4402 		/* check the range of array indices */
4403 		check_array_index(ln->tn_left, false);
4404 }
4405 
4406 static void
4407 check_expr_side_effect(const tnode_t *ln, bool szof)
4408 {
4409 	scl_t sc;
4410 	dinfo_t *di;
4411 
4412 	/* XXX: Taking warn_about_unreachable into account here feels wrong. */
4413 	if (ln->tn_op == NAME && (reached || !warn_about_unreachable)) {
4414 		sc = ln->tn_sym->s_scl;
4415 		/*
4416 		 * Look if there was a asm statement in one of the
4417 		 * compound statements we are in. If not, we don't
4418 		 * print a warning.
4419 		 */
4420 		for (di = dcs; di != NULL; di = di->d_enclosing) {
4421 			if (di->d_asm)
4422 				break;
4423 		}
4424 		if (sc != EXTERN && sc != STATIC &&
4425 		    !ln->tn_sym->s_set && !szof && di == NULL) {
4426 			/* '%s' may be used before set */
4427 			warning(158, ln->tn_sym->s_name);
4428 			mark_as_set(ln->tn_sym);
4429 		}
4430 		mark_as_used(ln->tn_sym, false, false);
4431 	}
4432 }
4433 
4434 static void
4435 check_expr_assign(const tnode_t *ln, bool szof)
4436 {
4437 	/* XXX: Taking warn_about_unreachable into account here feels wrong. */
4438 	if (ln->tn_op == NAME && !szof && (reached || !warn_about_unreachable)) {
4439 		mark_as_set(ln->tn_sym);
4440 		if (ln->tn_sym->s_scl == EXTERN)
4441 			outusg(ln->tn_sym);
4442 	}
4443 	if (ln->tn_op == INDIR && ln->tn_left->tn_op == PLUS)
4444 		/* check the range of array indices */
4445 		check_array_index(ln->tn_left, false);
4446 }
4447 
4448 static void
4449 check_expr_call(const tnode_t *tn, const tnode_t *ln,
4450 		bool szof, bool vctx, bool cond, bool retval_discarded)
4451 {
4452 	lint_assert(ln->tn_op == ADDR);
4453 	lint_assert(ln->tn_left->tn_op == NAME);
4454 	if (!szof &&
4455 	    !is_compiler_builtin(ln->tn_left->tn_sym->s_name))
4456 		outcall(tn, vctx || cond, retval_discarded);
4457 }
4458 
4459 static bool
4460 check_expr_op(const tnode_t *tn, op_t op, const tnode_t *ln,
4461 	      bool szof, bool fcall, bool vctx, bool cond,
4462 	      bool retval_discarded, bool eqwarn)
4463 {
4464 	switch (op) {
4465 	case ADDR:
4466 		check_expr_addr(ln, szof, fcall);
4467 		break;
4468 	case LOAD:
4469 		check_expr_load(ln);
4470 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
4471 	case PUSH:
4472 	case INCBEF:
4473 	case DECBEF:
4474 	case INCAFT:
4475 	case DECAFT:
4476 	case ADDASS:
4477 	case SUBASS:
4478 	case MULASS:
4479 	case DIVASS:
4480 	case MODASS:
4481 	case ANDASS:
4482 	case ORASS:
4483 	case XORASS:
4484 	case SHLASS:
4485 	case SHRASS:
4486 	case REAL:
4487 	case IMAG:
4488 		check_expr_side_effect(ln, szof);
4489 		break;
4490 	case ASSIGN:
4491 		check_expr_assign(ln, szof);
4492 		break;
4493 	case CALL:
4494 		check_expr_call(tn, ln, szof, vctx, cond, retval_discarded);
4495 		break;
4496 	case EQ:
4497 		if (hflag && eqwarn)
4498 			/* operator '==' found where '=' was expected */
4499 			warning(160);
4500 		break;
4501 	case CON:
4502 	case NAME:
4503 	case STRING:
4504 		return false;
4505 	default:
4506 		break;
4507 	}
4508 	return true;
4509 }
4510 
4511 /*
4512  *	vctx			???
4513  *	cond			whether the expression is a condition that
4514  *				will be compared with 0
4515  *	eqwarn			whether the operator '==' might be a
4516  *				misspelled '='
4517  *	fcall			whether the expression is a function call
4518  *	retval_discarded	whether the return value of a function call
4519  *				is discarded; such calls will be analyzed by
4520  *				lint2 in messages 4, 8 and 9
4521  *	szof			whether the expression is part of a sizeof
4522  *				expression, which means that its value is
4523  *				discarded since only the type is relevant
4524  */
4525 void
4526 check_expr_misc(const tnode_t *tn, bool vctx, bool cond,
4527 		bool eqwarn, bool fcall, bool retval_discarded, bool szof)
4528 {
4529 	tnode_t *ln, *rn;
4530 	const mod_t *mp;
4531 	op_t op;
4532 	bool cvctx, ccond, eq, discard;
4533 
4534 	if (tn == NULL)
4535 		return;
4536 
4537 	ln = tn->tn_left;
4538 	rn = tn->tn_right;
4539 	mp = &modtab[op = tn->tn_op];
4540 
4541 	if (!check_expr_op(tn, op, ln,
4542 	    szof, fcall, vctx, cond, retval_discarded, eqwarn))
4543 		return;
4544 
4545 	cvctx = mp->m_value_context;
4546 	ccond = mp->m_compares_with_zero;
4547 	eq = mp->m_warn_if_operand_eq &&
4548 	     !ln->tn_parenthesized &&
4549 	     rn != NULL && !rn->tn_parenthesized;
4550 
4551 	/*
4552 	 * values of operands of ':' are not used if the type of at least
4553 	 * one of the operands (for gcc compatibility) is void
4554 	 * XXX test/value context of QUEST should probably be used as
4555 	 * context for both operands of COLON
4556 	 */
4557 	if (op == COLON && tn->tn_type->t_tspec == VOID)
4558 		cvctx = ccond = false;
4559 	discard = op == CVT && tn->tn_type->t_tspec == VOID;
4560 	check_expr_misc(ln, cvctx, ccond, eq, op == CALL, discard, szof);
4561 
4562 	switch (op) {
4563 	case PUSH:
4564 		if (rn != NULL)
4565 			check_expr_misc(rn, false, false, eq, false, false,
4566 			    szof);
4567 		break;
4568 	case LOGAND:
4569 	case LOGOR:
4570 		check_expr_misc(rn, false, true, eq, false, false, szof);
4571 		break;
4572 	case COLON:
4573 		check_expr_misc(rn, cvctx, ccond, eq, false, false, szof);
4574 		break;
4575 	case COMMA:
4576 		check_expr_misc(rn, vctx, cond, false, false, false, szof);
4577 		break;
4578 	default:
4579 		if (mp->m_binary)
4580 			check_expr_misc(rn, true, false, eq, false, false,
4581 			    szof);
4582 		break;
4583 	}
4584 }
4585 
4586 /*
4587  * Checks the range of array indices, if possible.
4588  * amper is set if only the address of the element is used. This
4589  * means that the index is allowed to refer to the first element
4590  * after the array.
4591  */
4592 static void
4593 check_array_index(tnode_t *tn, bool amper)
4594 {
4595 	int	dim;
4596 	tnode_t	*ln, *rn;
4597 	int	elsz;
4598 	int64_t	con;
4599 
4600 	ln = tn->tn_left;
4601 	rn = tn->tn_right;
4602 
4603 	/* We can only check constant indices. */
4604 	if (rn->tn_op != CON)
4605 		return;
4606 
4607 	/* Return if the left node does not stem from an array. */
4608 	if (ln->tn_op != ADDR)
4609 		return;
4610 	if (ln->tn_left->tn_op != STRING && ln->tn_left->tn_op != NAME)
4611 		return;
4612 	if (ln->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec != ARRAY)
4613 		return;
4614 
4615 	/*
4616 	 * For incomplete array types, we can print a warning only if
4617 	 * the index is negative.
4618 	 */
4619 	if (is_incomplete(ln->tn_left->tn_type) && rn->tn_val->v_quad >= 0)
4620 		return;
4621 
4622 	/* Get the size of one array element */
4623 	if ((elsz = length_in_bits(ln->tn_type->t_subt, NULL)) == 0)
4624 		return;
4625 	elsz /= CHAR_SIZE;
4626 
4627 	/* Change the unit of the index from bytes to element size. */
4628 	if (is_uinteger(rn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
4629 		con = (uint64_t)rn->tn_val->v_quad / elsz;
4630 	} else {
4631 		con = rn->tn_val->v_quad / elsz;
4632 	}
4633 
4634 	dim = ln->tn_left->tn_type->t_dim + (amper ? 1 : 0);
4635 
4636 	if (!is_uinteger(rn->tn_type->t_tspec) && con < 0) {
4637 		/* array subscript cannot be negative: %ld */
4638 		warning(167, (long)con);
4639 	} else if (dim > 0 && (uint64_t)con >= (uint64_t)dim) {
4640 		/* array subscript cannot be > %d: %ld */
4641 		warning(168, dim - 1, (long)con);
4642 	}
4643 }
4644 
4645 static bool
4646 is_out_of_char_range(const tnode_t *tn)
4647 {
4648 	return tn->tn_op == CON &&
4649 	       !(0 <= tn->tn_val->v_quad &&
4650 		 tn->tn_val->v_quad < 1 << (CHAR_SIZE - 1));
4651 }
4652 
4653 /*
4654  * Check for ordered comparisons of unsigned values with 0.
4655  */
4656 static void
4657 check_integer_comparison(op_t op, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
4658 {
4659 	tspec_t	lt, rt;
4660 
4661 	lt = ln->tn_type->t_tspec;
4662 	rt = rn->tn_type->t_tspec;
4663 
4664 	if (ln->tn_op != CON && rn->tn_op != CON)
4665 		return;
4666 
4667 	if (!is_integer(lt) || !is_integer(rt))
4668 		return;
4669 
4670 	if (hflag || pflag) {
4671 		if (lt == CHAR && is_out_of_char_range(rn)) {
4672 			/* nonportable character comparison '%s %d' */
4673 			warning(230, op_name(op), (int)rn->tn_val->v_quad);
4674 			return;
4675 		}
4676 		if (rt == CHAR && is_out_of_char_range(ln)) {
4677 			/* nonportable character comparison '%s %d' */
4678 			warning(230, op_name(op), (int)ln->tn_val->v_quad);
4679 			return;
4680 		}
4681 	}
4682 
4683 	if (is_uinteger(lt) && !is_uinteger(rt) &&
4684 	    rn->tn_op == CON && rn->tn_val->v_quad <= 0) {
4685 		if (rn->tn_val->v_quad < 0) {
4686 			/* operator '%s' compares '%s' with '%s' */
4687 			warning(162, op_name(op),
4688 			    type_name(ln->tn_type), "negative constant");
4689 		} else if (op == LT || op == GE) {
4690 			/* operator '%s' compares '%s' with '%s' */
4691 			warning(162, op_name(op), type_name(ln->tn_type), "0");
4692 		}
4693 		return;
4694 	}
4695 	if (is_uinteger(rt) && !is_uinteger(lt) &&
4696 	    ln->tn_op == CON && ln->tn_val->v_quad <= 0) {
4697 		if (ln->tn_val->v_quad < 0) {
4698 			/* operator '%s' compares '%s' with '%s' */
4699 			warning(162, op_name(op),
4700 			    "negative constant", type_name(rn->tn_type));
4701 		} else if (op == GT || op == LE) {
4702 			/* operator '%s' compares '%s' with '%s' */
4703 			warning(162, op_name(op), "0", type_name(rn->tn_type));
4704 		}
4705 		return;
4706 	}
4707 }
4708 
4709 /*
4710  * Return whether the expression can be used for static initialization.
4711  *
4712  * Constant initialization expressions must be constant or an address
4713  * of a static object with an optional offset. In the first case,
4714  * the result is returned in *offsp. In the second case, the static
4715  * object is returned in *symp and the offset in *offsp.
4716  *
4717  * The expression can consist of PLUS, MINUS, ADDR, NAME, STRING and
4718  * CON. Type conversions are allowed if they do not change binary
4719  * representation (including width).
4720  *
4721  * C99 6.6 "Constant expressions"
4722  * C99 6.7.8p4 restricts initializers for static storage duration
4723  */
4724 bool
4725 constant_addr(const tnode_t *tn, const sym_t **symp, ptrdiff_t *offsp)
4726 {
4727 	const sym_t *sym;
4728 	ptrdiff_t offs1, offs2;
4729 	tspec_t	t, ot;
4730 
4731 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
4732 	case MINUS:
4733 		if (tn->tn_right->tn_op == CVT)
4734 			return constant_addr(tn->tn_right, symp, offsp);
4735 		else if (tn->tn_right->tn_op != CON)
4736 			return false;
4737 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
4738 	case PLUS:
4739 		offs1 = offs2 = 0;
4740 		if (tn->tn_left->tn_op == CON) {
4741 			offs1 = (ptrdiff_t)tn->tn_left->tn_val->v_quad;
4742 			if (!constant_addr(tn->tn_right, &sym, &offs2))
4743 				return false;
4744 		} else if (tn->tn_right->tn_op == CON) {
4745 			offs2 = (ptrdiff_t)tn->tn_right->tn_val->v_quad;
4746 			if (tn->tn_op == MINUS)
4747 				offs2 = -offs2;
4748 			if (!constant_addr(tn->tn_left, &sym, &offs1))
4749 				return false;
4750 		} else {
4751 			return false;
4752 		}
4753 		*symp = sym;
4754 		*offsp = offs1 + offs2;
4755 		return true;
4756 	case ADDR:
4757 		if (tn->tn_left->tn_op == NAME) {
4758 			*symp = tn->tn_left->tn_sym;
4759 			*offsp = 0;
4760 			return true;
4761 		} else {
4762 			/*
4763 			 * If this would be the front end of a compiler we
4764 			 * would return a label instead of 0, at least if
4765 			 * 'tn->tn_left->tn_op == STRING'.
4766 			 */
4767 			*symp = NULL;
4768 			*offsp = 0;
4769 			return true;
4770 		}
4771 	case CVT:
4772 		t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
4773 		ot = tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec;
4774 		if ((!is_integer(t) && t != PTR) ||
4775 		    (!is_integer(ot) && ot != PTR)) {
4776 			return false;
4777 		}
4778 #if 0
4779 		/*
4780 		 * consider:
4781 		 *	struct foo {
4782 		 *		unsigned char a;
4783 		 *	} f = {
4784 		 *		(unsigned char)(unsigned long)
4785 		 *		    (&(((struct foo *)0)->a))
4786 		 *	};
4787 		 * since psize(unsigned long) != psize(unsigned char),
4788 		 * this fails.
4789 		 */
4790 		else if (psize(t) != psize(ot))
4791 			return -1;
4792 #endif
4793 		return constant_addr(tn->tn_left, symp, offsp);
4794 	default:
4795 		return false;
4796 	}
4797 }
4798 
4799 /* Append s2 to s1, then free s2. */
4800 strg_t *
4801 cat_strings(strg_t *s1, strg_t *s2)
4802 {
4803 
4804 	if (s1->st_char != s2->st_char) {
4805 		/* cannot concatenate wide and regular string literals */
4806 		error(292);
4807 		return s1;
4808 	}
4809 
4810 	size_t len1 = s1->st_len;
4811 	size_t len2 = s2->st_len;
4812 	size_t chsize = s1->st_char ? sizeof(char) : sizeof(wchar_t);
4813 	size_t size1 = len1 * chsize;
4814 	size_t size2 = (len2 + 1) * chsize;
4815 	s1->st_mem = xrealloc(s1->st_mem, size1 + size2);
4816 	memcpy((char *)s1->st_mem + size1, s2->st_mem, size2);
4817 	free(s2->st_mem);
4818 
4819 	s1->st_len = len1 + len2;
4820 	free(s2);
4821 
4822 	return s1;
4823 }
4824 
4825 static bool
4826 is_confusing_precedence(op_t op, op_t lop, bool lparen, op_t rop, bool rparen)
4827 {
4828 
4829 	if (op == SHL || op == SHR) {
4830 		if (!lparen && (lop == PLUS || lop == MINUS))
4831 			return true;
4832 		if (!rparen && (rop == PLUS || rop == MINUS))
4833 			return true;
4834 		return false;
4835 	}
4836 
4837 	if (op == LOGOR) {
4838 		if (!lparen && lop == LOGAND)
4839 			return true;
4840 		if (!rparen && rop == LOGAND)
4841 			return true;
4842 		return false;
4843 	}
4844 
4845 	lint_assert(op == BITAND || op == BITXOR || op == BITOR);
4846 	if (!lparen && lop != op) {
4847 		if (lop == PLUS || lop == MINUS)
4848 			return true;
4849 		if (lop == BITAND || lop == BITXOR)
4850 			return true;
4851 	}
4852 	if (!rparen && rop != op) {
4853 		if (rop == PLUS || rop == MINUS)
4854 			return true;
4855 		if (rop == BITAND || rop == BITXOR)
4856 			return true;
4857 	}
4858 	return false;
4859 }
4860 
4861 /*
4862  * Print a warning if the given node has operands which should be
4863  * parenthesized.
4864  *
4865  * XXX Does not work if an operand is a constant expression. Constant
4866  * expressions are already folded.
4867  */
4868 static void
4869 check_precedence_confusion(tnode_t *tn)
4870 {
4871 	tnode_t *ln, *rn;
4872 
4873 	if (!hflag)
4874 		return;
4875 
4876 	debug_node(tn);
4877 
4878 	lint_assert(is_binary(tn));
4879 	for (ln = tn->tn_left; ln->tn_op == CVT; ln = ln->tn_left)
4880 		continue;
4881 	for (rn = tn->tn_right; rn->tn_op == CVT; rn = rn->tn_left)
4882 		continue;
4883 
4884 	if (is_confusing_precedence(tn->tn_op,
4885 	    ln->tn_op, ln->tn_parenthesized,
4886 	    rn->tn_op, rn->tn_parenthesized)) {
4887 		/* precedence confusion possible: parenthesize! */
4888 		warning(169);
4889 	}
4890 }
4891 
4892 typedef struct stmt_expr {
4893 	struct memory_block *se_mem;
4894 	sym_t *se_sym;
4895 	struct stmt_expr *se_enclosing;
4896 } stmt_expr;
4897 
4898 static stmt_expr *stmt_exprs;
4899 
4900 void
4901 begin_statement_expr(void)
4902 {
4903 	stmt_expr *se = xmalloc(sizeof(*se));
4904 	se->se_mem = expr_save_memory();
4905 	se->se_sym = NULL;
4906 	se->se_enclosing = stmt_exprs;
4907 	stmt_exprs = se;
4908 }
4909 
4910 void
4911 do_statement_expr(tnode_t *tn)
4912 {
4913 	block_level--;
4914 	mem_block_level--;
4915 	stmt_exprs->se_sym = tn != NULL
4916 	    ? mktempsym(block_dup_type(tn->tn_type))
4917 	    : NULL;		/* after a syntax error */
4918 	mem_block_level++;
4919 	block_level++;
4920 	/* ({ }) is a GCC extension */
4921 	gnuism(320);
4922 }
4923 
4924 tnode_t *
4925 end_statement_expr(void)
4926 {
4927 	stmt_expr *se = stmt_exprs;
4928 	if (se->se_sym == NULL)
4929 		return NULL;	/* after a syntax error */
4930 	tnode_t *tn = build_name(se->se_sym, false);
4931 	(void)expr_save_memory();	/* leak */
4932 	expr_restore_memory(se->se_mem);
4933 	stmt_exprs = se->se_enclosing;
4934 	free(se);
4935 	return tn;
4936 }
4937