xref: /netbsd-src/usr.bin/xlint/lint1/tree.c (revision 3b01aba77a7a698587faaae455bbfe740923c1f5)
1 /*	$NetBSD: tree.c,v 1.20 2001/05/28 12:40:37 lukem Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Jochen Pohl
5  * All Rights Reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
17  *      This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for
18  *	The NetBSD Project.
19  * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
20  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
24  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
25  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
26  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
27  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
28  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
29  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
30  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
31  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
35 #ifndef lint
36 __RCSID("$NetBSD: tree.c,v 1.20 2001/05/28 12:40:37 lukem Exp $");
37 #endif
38 
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <float.h>
42 #include <limits.h>
43 #include <math.h>
44 
45 #include "lint1.h"
46 #include "cgram.h"
47 
48 /* Various flags for each operator. */
49 static	mod_t	modtab[NOPS];
50 
51 static	tnode_t	*getinode(tspec_t, quad_t);
52 static	void	ptrcmpok(op_t, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
53 static	int	asgntypok(op_t, int, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
54 static	void	chkbeop(op_t, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
55 static	void	chkeop2(op_t, int, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
56 static	void	chkeop1(op_t, int, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
57 static	tnode_t	*mktnode(op_t, type_t *, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
58 static	void	balance(op_t, tnode_t **, tnode_t **);
59 static	void	incompat(op_t, tspec_t, tspec_t);
60 static	void	illptrc(mod_t *, type_t *, type_t *);
61 static	void	mrgqual(type_t **, type_t *, type_t *);
62 static	int	conmemb(type_t *);
63 static	void	ptconv(int, tspec_t, tspec_t, type_t *, tnode_t *);
64 static	void	iiconv(op_t, int, tspec_t, tspec_t, type_t *, tnode_t *);
65 static	void	piconv(op_t, tspec_t, type_t *, tnode_t *);
66 static	void	ppconv(op_t, tnode_t *, type_t *);
67 static	tnode_t	*bldstr(op_t, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
68 static	tnode_t	*bldincdec(op_t, tnode_t *);
69 static	tnode_t	*bldamper(tnode_t *, int);
70 static	tnode_t	*bldplmi(op_t, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
71 static	tnode_t	*bldshft(op_t, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
72 static	tnode_t	*bldcol(tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
73 static	tnode_t	*bldasgn(op_t, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
74 static	tnode_t	*plength(type_t *);
75 static	tnode_t	*fold(tnode_t *);
76 static	tnode_t	*foldtst(tnode_t *);
77 static	tnode_t	*foldflt(tnode_t *);
78 static	tnode_t	*chkfarg(type_t *, tnode_t *);
79 static	tnode_t	*parg(int, type_t *, tnode_t *);
80 static	void	nulleff(tnode_t *);
81 static	void	displexpr(tnode_t *, int);
82 static	void	chkaidx(tnode_t *, int);
83 static	void	chkcomp(op_t, tnode_t *, tnode_t *);
84 static	void	precconf(tnode_t *);
85 
86 /*
87  * Initialize mods of operators.
88  */
89 void
90 initmtab(void)
91 {
92 	static	struct {
93 		op_t	op;
94 		mod_t	m;
95 	} imods[] = {
96 		{ ARROW,  { 1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
97 		    "->" } },
98 		{ POINT,  { 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
99 		    "." } },
100 		{ NOT,    { 0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
101 		    "!" } },
102 		{ COMPL,  { 0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,
103 		    "~" } },
104 		{ INCBEF, { 0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
105 		    "prefix++" } },
106 		{ DECBEF, { 0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
107 		    "prefix--" } },
108 		{ INCAFT, { 0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
109 		    "postfix++" } },
110 		{ DECAFT, { 0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
111 		    "postfix--" } },
112 		{ UPLUS,  { 0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,
113 		    "unary +" } },
114 		{ UMINUS, { 0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,
115 		    "unary -" } },
116 		{ STAR,   { 0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
117 		    "unary *" } },
118 		{ AMPER,  { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
119 		    "unary &" } },
120 		{ MULT,   { 1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,
121 		    "*" } },
122 		{ DIV,    { 1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,
123 		    "/" } },
124 		{ MOD,    { 1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,
125 		    "%" } },
126 		{ PLUS,   { 1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
127 		    "+" } },
128 		{ MINUS,  { 1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
129 		    "-" } },
130 		{ SHL,    { 1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,
131 		    "<<" } },
132 		{ SHR,    { 1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,
133 		    ">>" } },
134 		{ LT,     { 1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,
135 		    "<" } },
136 		{ LE,     { 1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,
137 		    "<=" } },
138 		{ GT,     { 1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,
139 		    ">" } },
140 		{ GE,     { 1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,
141 		    ">=" } },
142 		{ EQ,     { 1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,
143 		    "==" } },
144 		{ NE,     { 1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,
145 		    "!=" } },
146 		{ AND,    { 1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,
147 		    "&" } },
148 		{ XOR,    { 1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,
149 		    "^" } },
150 		{ OR,     { 1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,
151 		    "|" } },
152 		{ LOGAND, { 1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
153 		    "&&" } },
154 		{ LOGOR,  { 1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,
155 		    "||" } },
156 		{ QUEST,  { 1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
157 		    "?" } },
158 		{ COLON,  { 1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,
159 		    ":" } },
160 		{ ASSIGN, { 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,
161 		    "=" } },
162 		{ MULASS, { 1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
163 		    "*=" } },
164 		{ DIVASS, { 1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,
165 		    "/=" } },
166 		{ MODASS, { 1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,
167 		    "%=" } },
168 		{ ADDASS, { 1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
169 		    "+=" } },
170 		{ SUBASS, { 1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
171 		    "-=" } },
172 		{ SHLASS, { 1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
173 		    "<<=" } },
174 		{ SHRASS, { 1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
175 		    ">>=" } },
176 		{ ANDASS, { 1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
177 		    "&=" } },
178 		{ XORASS, { 1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
179 		    "^=" } },
180 		{ ORASS,  { 1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
181 		    "|=" } },
182 		{ NAME,   { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
183 		    "NAME" } },
184 		{ CON,    { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
185 		    "CON" } },
186 		{ STRING, { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
187 		    "STRING" } },
188 		{ FSEL,   { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
189 		    "FSEL" } },
190 		{ CALL,   { 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
191 		    "CALL" } },
192 		{ COMMA,  { 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
193 		    "," } },
194 		{ CVT,    { 0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
195 		    "CVT" } },
196 		{ ICALL,  { 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
197 		    "ICALL" } },
198 		{ LOAD,	  { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
199 		    "LOAD" } },
200 		{ PUSH,   { 0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
201 		    "PUSH" } },
202 		{ RETURN, { 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,
203 		    "RETURN" } },
204 		{ INIT,   { 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,
205 		    "INIT" } },
206 		{ FARG,   { 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,
207 		    "FARG" } },
208 		{ NOOP }
209 	};
210 	int	i;
211 
212 	for (i = 0; imods[i].op != NOOP; i++)
213 		STRUCT_ASSIGN(modtab[imods[i].op], imods[i].m);
214 }
215 
216 /*
217  * Increase degree of reference.
218  * This is most often used to change type "T" in type "pointer to T".
219  */
220 type_t *
221 incref(type_t *tp, tspec_t t)
222 {
223 	type_t	*tp2;
224 
225 	tp2 = getblk(sizeof (type_t));
226 	tp2->t_tspec = t;
227 	tp2->t_subt = tp;
228 	return (tp2);
229 }
230 
231 /*
232  * same for use in expressions
233  */
234 type_t *
235 tincref(type_t *tp, tspec_t t)
236 {
237 	type_t	*tp2;
238 
239 	tp2 = tgetblk(sizeof (type_t));
240 	tp2->t_tspec = t;
241 	tp2->t_subt = tp;
242 	return (tp2);
243 }
244 
245 /*
246  * Create a node for a constant.
247  */
248 tnode_t *
249 getcnode(type_t *tp, val_t *v)
250 {
251 	tnode_t	*n;
252 
253 	n = getnode();
254 	n->tn_op = CON;
255 	n->tn_type = tp;
256 	n->tn_val = tgetblk(sizeof (val_t));
257 	n->tn_val->v_tspec = tp->t_tspec;
258 	n->tn_val->v_ansiu = v->v_ansiu;
259 	n->tn_val->v_u = v->v_u;
260 	free(v);
261 	return (n);
262 }
263 
264 /*
265  * Create a node for a integer constant.
266  */
267 static tnode_t *
268 getinode(tspec_t t, quad_t q)
269 {
270 	tnode_t	*n;
271 
272 	n = getnode();
273 	n->tn_op = CON;
274 	n->tn_type = gettyp(t);
275 	n->tn_val = tgetblk(sizeof (val_t));
276 	n->tn_val->v_tspec = t;
277 	n->tn_val->v_quad = q;
278 	return (n);
279 }
280 
281 /*
282  * Create a node for a name (symbol table entry).
283  * ntok is the token which follows the name.
284  */
285 tnode_t *
286 getnnode(sym_t *sym, int ntok)
287 {
288 	tnode_t	*n;
289 
290 	if (sym->s_scl == NOSCL) {
291 		sym->s_scl = EXTERN;
292 		sym->s_def = DECL;
293 		if (ntok == T_LPARN) {
294 			if (sflag) {
295 				/* function implicitly declared to ... */
296 				warning(215);
297 			}
298 			/*
299 			 * XXX if tflag is set the symbol should be
300 			 * exported to level 0
301 			 */
302 			sym->s_type = incref(sym->s_type, FUNC);
303 		} else {
304 			/* %s undefined */
305 			error(99, sym->s_name);
306 		}
307 	}
308 
309 	if (sym->s_kind != FVFT && sym->s_kind != FMOS)
310 		lerror("getnnode() 1");
311 
312 	n = getnode();
313 	n->tn_type = sym->s_type;
314 	if (sym->s_scl != ENUMCON) {
315 		n->tn_op = NAME;
316 		n->tn_sym = sym;
317 		if (sym->s_kind == FVFT && sym->s_type->t_tspec != FUNC)
318 			n->tn_lvalue = 1;
319 	} else {
320 		n->tn_op = CON;
321 		n->tn_val = tgetblk(sizeof (val_t));
322 		*n->tn_val = sym->s_value;
323 	}
324 
325 	return (n);
326 }
327 
328 /*
329  * Create a node for a string.
330  */
331 tnode_t *
332 getsnode(strg_t *strg)
333 {
334 	size_t	len;
335 	tnode_t	*n;
336 
337 	len = strg->st_len;
338 
339 	n = getnode();
340 
341 	n->tn_op = STRING;
342 	n->tn_type = tincref(gettyp(strg->st_tspec), ARRAY);
343 	n->tn_type->t_dim = len + 1;
344 	n->tn_lvalue = 1;
345 
346 	n->tn_strg = tgetblk(sizeof (strg_t));
347 	n->tn_strg->st_tspec = strg->st_tspec;
348 	n->tn_strg->st_len = len;
349 
350 	if (strg->st_tspec == CHAR) {
351 		n->tn_strg->st_cp = tgetblk(len + 1);
352 		(void)memcpy(n->tn_strg->st_cp, strg->st_cp, len + 1);
353 		free(strg->st_cp);
354 	} else {
355 		n->tn_strg->st_wcp = tgetblk((len + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t));
356 		(void)memcpy(n->tn_strg->st_wcp, strg->st_wcp,
357 			     (len + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t));
358 		free(strg->st_wcp);
359 	}
360 	free(strg);
361 
362 	return (n);
363 }
364 
365 /*
366  * Returns a symbol which has the same name as the msym argument and is a
367  * member of the struct or union specified by the tn argument.
368  */
369 sym_t *
370 strmemb(tnode_t *tn, op_t op, sym_t *msym)
371 {
372 	str_t	*str;
373 	type_t	*tp;
374 	sym_t	*sym, *csym;
375 	int	eq;
376 	tspec_t	t;
377 
378 	/*
379 	 * Remove the member if it was unknown until now (Which means
380 	 * that no defined struct or union has a member with the same name).
381 	 */
382 	if (msym->s_scl == NOSCL) {
383 		/* undefined struct/union member: %s */
384 		error(101, msym->s_name);
385 		rmsym(msym);
386 		msym->s_kind = FMOS;
387 		msym->s_scl = MOS;
388 		msym->s_styp = tgetblk(sizeof (str_t));
389 		msym->s_styp->stag = tgetblk(sizeof (sym_t));
390 		msym->s_styp->stag->s_name = unnamed;
391 		msym->s_value.v_tspec = INT;
392 		return (msym);
393 	}
394 
395 	/* Set str to the tag of which msym is expected to be a member. */
396 	str = NULL;
397 	t = (tp = tn->tn_type)->t_tspec;
398 	if (op == POINT) {
399 		if (t == STRUCT || t == UNION)
400 			str = tp->t_str;
401 	} else if (op == ARROW && t == PTR) {
402 		t = (tp = tp->t_subt)->t_tspec;
403 		if (t == STRUCT || t == UNION)
404 			str = tp->t_str;
405 	}
406 
407 	/*
408 	 * If this struct/union has a member with the name of msym, return
409 	 * return this it.
410 	 */
411 	if (str != NULL) {
412 		for (sym = msym; sym != NULL; sym = sym->s_link) {
413 			if (sym->s_scl != MOS && sym->s_scl != MOU)
414 				continue;
415 			if (sym->s_styp != str)
416 				continue;
417 			if (strcmp(sym->s_name, msym->s_name) != 0)
418 				continue;
419 			return (sym);
420 		}
421 	}
422 
423 	/*
424 	 * Set eq to 0 if there are struct/union members with the same name
425 	 * and different types and/or offsets.
426 	 */
427 	eq = 1;
428 	for (csym = msym; csym != NULL; csym = csym->s_link) {
429 		if (csym->s_scl != MOS && csym->s_scl != MOU)
430 			continue;
431 		if (strcmp(msym->s_name, csym->s_name) != 0)
432 			continue;
433 		for (sym = csym->s_link ; sym != NULL; sym = sym->s_link) {
434 			int w;
435 
436 			if (sym->s_scl != MOS && sym->s_scl != MOU)
437 				continue;
438 			if (strcmp(csym->s_name, sym->s_name) != 0)
439 				continue;
440 			if (csym->s_value.v_quad != sym->s_value.v_quad) {
441 				eq = 0;
442 				break;
443 			}
444 			w = 0;
445 			eq = eqtype(csym->s_type, sym->s_type, 0, 0, &w) && !w;
446 			if (!eq)
447 				break;
448 			if (csym->s_field != sym->s_field) {
449 				eq = 0;
450 				break;
451 			}
452 			if (csym->s_field) {
453 				type_t	*tp1, *tp2;
454 
455 				tp1 = csym->s_type;
456 				tp2 = sym->s_type;
457 				if (tp1->t_flen != tp2->t_flen) {
458 					eq = 0;
459 					break;
460 				}
461 				if (tp1->t_foffs != tp2->t_foffs) {
462 					eq = 0;
463 					break;
464 				}
465 			}
466 		}
467 		if (!eq)
468 			break;
469 	}
470 
471 	/*
472 	 * Now handle the case in which the left operand refers really
473 	 * to a struct/union, but the right operand is not member of it.
474 	 */
475 	if (str != NULL) {
476 		/* illegal member use: %s */
477 		if (eq && tflag) {
478 			warning(102, msym->s_name);
479 		} else {
480 			error(102, msym->s_name);
481 		}
482 		return (msym);
483 	}
484 
485 	/*
486 	 * Now the left operand of ARROW does not point to a struct/union
487 	 * or the left operand of POINT is no struct/union.
488 	 */
489 	if (eq) {
490 		if (op == POINT) {
491 			/* left operand of "." must be struct/union object */
492 			if (tflag) {
493 				warning(103);
494 			} else {
495 				error(103);
496 			}
497 		} else {
498 			/* left operand of "->" must be pointer to ... */
499 			if (tflag && tn->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR) {
500 				warning(104);
501 			} else {
502 				error(104);
503 			}
504 		}
505 	} else {
506 		if (tflag) {
507 			/* non-unique member requires struct/union %s */
508 			error(105, op == POINT ? "object" : "pointer");
509 		} else {
510 			/* unacceptable operand of %s */
511 			error(111, modtab[op].m_name);
512 		}
513 	}
514 
515 	return (msym);
516 }
517 
518 /*
519  * Create a tree node. Called for most operands except function calls,
520  * sizeof and casts.
521  *
522  * op	operator
523  * ln	left operand
524  * rn	if not NULL, right operand
525  */
526 tnode_t *
527 build(op_t op, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
528 {
529 	mod_t	*mp;
530 	tnode_t	*ntn;
531 	type_t	*rtp;
532 
533 	mp = &modtab[op];
534 
535 	/* If there was an error in one of the operands, return. */
536 	if (ln == NULL || (mp->m_binary && rn == NULL))
537 		return (NULL);
538 
539 	/*
540 	 * Apply class conversions to the left operand, but only if its
541 	 * value is needed or it is compaired with null.
542 	 */
543 	if (mp->m_vctx || mp->m_tctx)
544 		ln = cconv(ln);
545 	/*
546 	 * The right operand is almost always in a test or value context,
547 	 * except if it is a struct or union member.
548 	 */
549 	if (mp->m_binary && op != ARROW && op != POINT)
550 		rn = cconv(rn);
551 
552 	/*
553 	 * Print some warnings for comparisons of unsigned values with
554 	 * constants lower than or equal to null. This must be done
555 	 * before promote() because otherwise unsigned char and unsigned
556 	 * short would be promoted to int. Also types are tested to be
557 	 * CHAR, which would also become int.
558 	 */
559 	if (mp->m_comp)
560 		chkcomp(op, ln, rn);
561 
562 	/*
563 	 * Promote the left operand if it is in a test or value context
564 	 */
565 	if (mp->m_vctx || mp->m_tctx)
566 		ln = promote(op, 0, ln);
567 	/*
568 	 * Promote the right operand, but only if it is no struct or
569 	 * union member, or if it is not to be assigned to the left operand
570 	 */
571 	if (mp->m_binary && op != ARROW && op != POINT &&
572 	    op != ASSIGN && op != RETURN) {
573 		rn = promote(op, 0, rn);
574 	}
575 
576 	/*
577 	 * If the result of the operation is different for signed or
578 	 * unsigned operands and one of the operands is signed only in
579 	 * ANSI C, print a warning.
580 	 */
581 	if (mp->m_tlansiu && ln->tn_op == CON && ln->tn_val->v_ansiu) {
582 		/* ANSI C treats constant as unsigned, op %s */
583 		warning(218, mp->m_name);
584 		ln->tn_val->v_ansiu = 0;
585 	}
586 	if (mp->m_transiu && rn->tn_op == CON && rn->tn_val->v_ansiu) {
587 		/* ANSI C treats constant as unsigned, op %s */
588 		warning(218, mp->m_name);
589 		rn->tn_val->v_ansiu = 0;
590 	}
591 
592 	/* Make sure both operands are of the same type */
593 	if (mp->m_balance || (tflag && (op == SHL || op == SHR)))
594 		balance(op, &ln, &rn);
595 
596 	/*
597 	 * Check types for compatibility with the operation and mutual
598 	 * compatibility. Return if there are serios problems.
599 	 */
600 	if (!typeok(op, 0, ln, rn))
601 		return (NULL);
602 
603 	/* And now create the node. */
604 	switch (op) {
605 	case POINT:
606 	case ARROW:
607 		ntn = bldstr(op, ln, rn);
608 		break;
609 	case INCAFT:
610 	case DECAFT:
611 	case INCBEF:
612 	case DECBEF:
613 		ntn = bldincdec(op, ln);
614 		break;
615 	case AMPER:
616 		ntn = bldamper(ln, 0);
617 		break;
618 	case STAR:
619 		ntn = mktnode(STAR, ln->tn_type->t_subt, ln, NULL);
620 		break;
621 	case PLUS:
622 	case MINUS:
623 		ntn = bldplmi(op, ln, rn);
624 		break;
625 	case SHL:
626 	case SHR:
627 		ntn = bldshft(op, ln, rn);
628 		break;
629 	case COLON:
630 		ntn = bldcol(ln, rn);
631 		break;
632 	case ASSIGN:
633 	case MULASS:
634 	case DIVASS:
635 	case MODASS:
636 	case ADDASS:
637 	case SUBASS:
638 	case SHLASS:
639 	case SHRASS:
640 	case ANDASS:
641 	case XORASS:
642 	case ORASS:
643 	case RETURN:
644 		ntn = bldasgn(op, ln, rn);
645 		break;
646 	case COMMA:
647 	case QUEST:
648 		ntn = mktnode(op, rn->tn_type, ln, rn);
649 		break;
650 	default:
651 		rtp = mp->m_logop ? gettyp(INT) : ln->tn_type;
652 		if (!mp->m_binary && rn != NULL)
653 			lerror("build() 1");
654 		ntn = mktnode(op, rtp, ln, rn);
655 		break;
656 	}
657 
658 	/* Return if an error occured. */
659 	if (ntn == NULL)
660 		return (NULL);
661 
662 	/* Print a warning if precedence confusion is possible */
663 	if (mp->m_tpconf)
664 		precconf(ntn);
665 
666 	/*
667 	 * Print a warning if one of the operands is in a context where
668 	 * it is compared with null and if this operand is a constant.
669 	 */
670 	if (mp->m_tctx) {
671 		if (ln->tn_op == CON ||
672 		    ((mp->m_binary && op != QUEST) && rn->tn_op == CON)) {
673 			if (hflag && !ccflg)
674 				/* constant in conditional context */
675 				warning(161);
676 		}
677 	}
678 
679 	/* Fold if the operator requires it */
680 	if (mp->m_fold) {
681 		if (ln->tn_op == CON && (!mp->m_binary || rn->tn_op == CON)) {
682 			if (mp->m_tctx) {
683 				ntn = foldtst(ntn);
684 			} else if (isftyp(ntn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
685 				ntn = foldflt(ntn);
686 			} else {
687 				ntn = fold(ntn);
688 			}
689 		} else if (op == QUEST && ln->tn_op == CON) {
690 			ntn = ln->tn_val->v_quad ? rn->tn_left : rn->tn_right;
691 		}
692 	}
693 
694 	return (ntn);
695 }
696 
697 /*
698  * Perform class conversions.
699  *
700  * Arrays of type T are converted into pointers to type T.
701  * Functions are converted to pointers to functions.
702  * Lvalues are converted to rvalues.
703  */
704 tnode_t *
705 cconv(tnode_t *tn)
706 {
707 	type_t	*tp;
708 
709 	/*
710 	 * Array-lvalue (array of type T) is converted into rvalue
711 	 * (pointer to type T)
712 	 */
713 	if (tn->tn_type->t_tspec == ARRAY) {
714 		if (!tn->tn_lvalue) {
715 			/* %soperand of '%s' must be lvalue */
716 			/* XXX print correct operator */
717 			(void)gnuism(114, "", modtab[AMPER].m_name);
718 		}
719 		tn = mktnode(AMPER, tincref(tn->tn_type->t_subt, PTR),
720 			     tn, NULL);
721 	}
722 
723 	/*
724 	 * Expression of type function (function with return value of type T)
725 	 * in rvalue-expression (pointer to function with return value
726 	 * of type T)
727 	 */
728 	if (tn->tn_type->t_tspec == FUNC)
729 		tn = bldamper(tn, 1);
730 
731 	/* lvalue to rvalue */
732 	if (tn->tn_lvalue) {
733 		tp = tduptyp(tn->tn_type);
734 		tp->t_const = tp->t_volatile = 0;
735 		tn = mktnode(LOAD, tp, tn, NULL);
736 	}
737 
738 	return (tn);
739 }
740 
741 /*
742  * Perform most type checks. First the types are checked using
743  * informations from modtab[]. After that it is done by hand for
744  * more complicated operators and type combinations.
745  *
746  * If the types are ok, typeok() returns 1, otherwise 0.
747  */
748 int
749 typeok(op_t op, int arg, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
750 {
751 	mod_t	*mp;
752 	tspec_t	lt, rt = NOTSPEC, lst = NOTSPEC, rst = NOTSPEC, olt = NOTSPEC,
753 	    ort = NOTSPEC;
754 	type_t	*ltp, *rtp = NULL, *lstp = NULL, *rstp = NULL;
755 	tnode_t	*tn;
756 
757 	mp = &modtab[op];
758 
759 	if ((lt = (ltp = ln->tn_type)->t_tspec) == PTR)
760 		lst = (lstp = ltp->t_subt)->t_tspec;
761 	if (mp->m_binary) {
762 		if ((rt = (rtp = rn->tn_type)->t_tspec) == PTR)
763 			rst = (rstp = rtp->t_subt)->t_tspec;
764 	}
765 
766 	if (mp->m_rqint) {
767 		/* integertypes required */
768 		if (!isityp(lt) || (mp->m_binary && !isityp(rt))) {
769 			incompat(op, lt, rt);
770 			return (0);
771 		}
772 	} else if (mp->m_rqsclt) {
773 		/* scalar types required */
774 		if (!issclt(lt) || (mp->m_binary && !issclt(rt))) {
775 			incompat(op, lt, rt);
776 			return (0);
777 		}
778 	} else if (mp->m_rqatyp) {
779 		/* arithmetic types required */
780 		if (!isatyp(lt) || (mp->m_binary && !isatyp(rt))) {
781 			incompat(op, lt, rt);
782 			return (0);
783 		}
784 	}
785 
786 	if (op == SHL || op == SHR || op == SHLASS || op == SHRASS) {
787 		/*
788 		 * For these operations we need the types before promotion
789 		 * and balancing.
790 		 */
791 		for (tn=ln; tn->tn_op==CVT && !tn->tn_cast; tn=tn->tn_left)
792 			continue;
793 		olt = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
794 		for (tn=rn; tn->tn_op==CVT && !tn->tn_cast; tn=tn->tn_left)
795 			continue;
796 		ort = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
797 	}
798 
799 	switch (op) {
800 	case POINT:
801 		/*
802 		 * Most errors required by ANSI C are reported in strmemb().
803 		 * Here we only must check for totaly wrong things.
804 		 */
805 		if (lt == FUNC || lt == VOID || ltp->t_isfield ||
806 		    ((lt != STRUCT && lt != UNION) && !ln->tn_lvalue)) {
807 			/* Without tflag we got already an error */
808 			if (tflag)
809 				/* unacceptable operand of %s */
810 				error(111, mp->m_name);
811 			return (0);
812 		}
813 		/* Now we have an object we can create a pointer to */
814 		break;
815 	case ARROW:
816 		if (lt != PTR && !(tflag && isityp(lt))) {
817 			/* Without tflag we got already an error */
818 			if (tflag)
819 				/* unacceptabel operand of %s */
820 				error(111, mp->m_name);
821 			return (0);
822 		}
823 		break;
824 	case INCAFT:
825 	case DECAFT:
826 	case INCBEF:
827 	case DECBEF:
828 		/* operands have scalar types (checked above) */
829 		if (!ln->tn_lvalue) {
830 			if (ln->tn_op == CVT && ln->tn_cast &&
831 			    ln->tn_left->tn_op == LOAD) {
832 				/* a cast does not yield an lvalue */
833 				error(163);
834 			}
835 			/* %soperand of %s must be lvalue */
836 			error(114, "", mp->m_name);
837 			return (0);
838 		} else if (ltp->t_const) {
839 			/* %soperand of %s must be modifiable lvalue */
840 			if (!tflag)
841 				warning(115, "", mp->m_name);
842 		}
843 		break;
844 	case AMPER:
845 		if (lt == ARRAY || lt == FUNC) {
846 			/* ok, a warning comes later (in bldamper()) */
847 		} else if (!ln->tn_lvalue) {
848 			if (ln->tn_op == CVT && ln->tn_cast &&
849 			    ln->tn_left->tn_op == LOAD) {
850 				/* a cast does not yield an lvalue */
851 				error(163);
852 			}
853 			/* %soperand of %s must be lvalue */
854 			error(114, "", mp->m_name);
855 			return (0);
856 		} else if (issclt(lt)) {
857 			if (ltp->t_isfield) {
858 				/* cannot take address of bit-field */
859 				error(112);
860 				return (0);
861 			}
862 		} else if (lt != STRUCT && lt != UNION) {
863 			/* unacceptable operand of %s */
864 			error(111, mp->m_name);
865 			return (0);
866 		}
867 		if (ln->tn_op == NAME && ln->tn_sym->s_reg) {
868 			/* cannot take address of register %s */
869 			error(113, ln->tn_sym->s_name);
870 			return (0);
871 		}
872 		break;
873 	case STAR:
874 		/* until now there were no type checks for this operator */
875 		if (lt != PTR) {
876 			/* cannot dereference non-pointer type */
877 			error(96);
878 			return (0);
879 		}
880 		break;
881 	case PLUS:
882 		/* operands have scalar types (checked above) */
883 		if ((lt == PTR && !isityp(rt)) || (rt == PTR && !isityp(lt))) {
884 			incompat(op, lt, rt);
885 			return (0);
886 		}
887 		break;
888 	case MINUS:
889 		/* operands have scalar types (checked above) */
890 		if (lt == PTR && (!isityp(rt) && rt != PTR)) {
891 			incompat(op, lt, rt);
892 			return (0);
893 		} else if (rt == PTR && lt != PTR) {
894 			incompat(op, lt, rt);
895 			return (0);
896 		}
897 		if (lt == PTR && rt == PTR) {
898 			if (!eqtype(lstp, rstp, 1, 0, NULL)) {
899 				/* illegal pointer subtraction */
900 				error(116);
901 			}
902 		}
903 		break;
904 	case SHR:
905 		/* operands have integer types (checked above) */
906 		if (pflag && !isutyp(lt)) {
907 			/*
908 			 * The left operand is signed. This means that
909 			 * the operation is (possibly) nonportable.
910 			 */
911 			/* bitwise operation on signed value nonportable */
912 			if (ln->tn_op != CON) {
913 				/* possibly nonportable */
914 				warning(117);
915 			} else if (ln->tn_val->v_quad < 0) {
916 				warning(120);
917 			}
918 		} else if (!tflag && !sflag && !isutyp(olt) && isutyp(ort)) {
919 			/*
920 			 * The left operand would become unsigned in
921 			 * traditional C.
922 			 */
923 			if (hflag &&
924 			    (ln->tn_op != CON || ln->tn_val->v_quad < 0)) {
925 				/* semantics of %s change in ANSI C; use ... */
926 				warning(118, mp->m_name);
927 			}
928 		} else if (!tflag && !sflag && !isutyp(olt) && !isutyp(ort) &&
929 			   psize(lt) < psize(rt)) {
930 			/*
931 			 * In traditional C the left operand would be extended,
932 			 * possibly with 1, and then shifted.
933 			 */
934 			if (hflag &&
935 			    (ln->tn_op != CON || ln->tn_val->v_quad < 0)) {
936 				/* semantics of %s change in ANSI C; use ... */
937 				warning(118, mp->m_name);
938 			}
939 		}
940 		goto shift;
941 	case SHL:
942 		/*
943 		 * ANSI C does not perform balancing for shift operations,
944 		 * but traditional C does. If the width of the right operand
945 		 * is greather than the width of the left operand, than in
946 		 * traditional C the left operand would be extendet to the
947 		 * width of the right operand. For SHL this may result in
948 		 * different results.
949 		 */
950 		if (psize(lt) < psize(rt)) {
951 			/*
952 			 * XXX If both operands are constant make sure
953 			 * that there is really a differencs between
954 			 * ANSI C and traditional C.
955 			 */
956 			if (hflag)
957 				/* semantics of %s change in ANSI C; use ... */
958 				warning(118, mp->m_name);
959 		}
960 	shift:
961 		if (rn->tn_op == CON) {
962 			if (!isutyp(rt) && rn->tn_val->v_quad < 0) {
963 				/* negative shift */
964 				warning(121);
965 			} else if ((u_quad_t)rn->tn_val->v_quad == size(lt)) {
966 				/* shift equal to size fo object */
967 				warning(267);
968 			} else if ((u_quad_t)rn->tn_val->v_quad > size(lt)) {
969 				/* shift greater than size of object */
970 				warning(122);
971 			}
972 		}
973 		break;
974 	case EQ:
975 	case NE:
976 		/*
977 		 * Accept some things which are allowed with EQ and NE,
978 		 * but not with ordered comparisons.
979 		 */
980 		if (lt == PTR && ((rt == PTR && rst == VOID) || isityp(rt))) {
981 			if (rn->tn_op == CON && rn->tn_val->v_quad == 0)
982 				break;
983 		}
984 		if (rt == PTR && ((lt == PTR && lst == VOID) || isityp(lt))) {
985 			if (ln->tn_op == CON && ln->tn_val->v_quad == 0)
986 				break;
987 		}
988 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
989 	case LT:
990 	case GT:
991 	case LE:
992 	case GE:
993 		if ((lt == PTR || rt == PTR) && lt != rt) {
994 			if (isityp(lt) || isityp(rt)) {
995 				/* illegal comb. of pointer and int., op %s */
996 				warning(123, mp->m_name);
997 			} else {
998 				incompat(op, lt, rt);
999 				return (0);
1000 			}
1001 		} else if (lt == PTR && rt == PTR) {
1002 			ptrcmpok(op, ln, rn);
1003 		}
1004 		break;
1005 	case QUEST:
1006 		if (!issclt(lt)) {
1007 			/* first operand must have scalar type, op ? : */
1008 			error(170);
1009 			return (0);
1010 		}
1011 		if (rn->tn_op != COLON)
1012 			lerror("typeok() 2");
1013 		break;
1014 	case COLON:
1015 
1016 		if (isatyp(lt) && isatyp(rt))
1017 			break;
1018 
1019 		if (lt == STRUCT && rt == STRUCT && ltp->t_str == rtp->t_str)
1020 			break;
1021 		if (lt == UNION && rt == UNION && ltp->t_str == rtp->t_str)
1022 			break;
1023 
1024 		/* combination of any pointer and 0, 0L or (void *)0 is ok */
1025 		if (lt == PTR && ((rt == PTR && rst == VOID) || isityp(rt))) {
1026 			if (rn->tn_op == CON && rn->tn_val->v_quad == 0)
1027 				break;
1028 		}
1029 		if (rt == PTR && ((lt == PTR && lst == VOID) || isityp(lt))) {
1030 			if (ln->tn_op == CON && ln->tn_val->v_quad == 0)
1031 				break;
1032 		}
1033 
1034 		if ((lt == PTR && isityp(rt)) || (isityp(lt) && rt == PTR)) {
1035 			/* illegal comb. of ptr. and int., op %s */
1036 			warning(123, mp->m_name);
1037 			break;
1038 		}
1039 
1040 		if (lt == VOID || rt == VOID) {
1041 			if (lt != VOID || rt != VOID)
1042 				/* incompatible types in conditional */
1043 				warning(126);
1044 			break;
1045 		}
1046 
1047 		if (lt == PTR && rt == PTR && ((lst == VOID && rst == FUNC) ||
1048 					       (lst == FUNC && rst == VOID))) {
1049 			/* (void *)0 handled above */
1050 			if (sflag)
1051 				/* ANSI C forbids conv. of %s to %s, op %s */
1052 				warning(305, "function pointer", "'void *'",
1053 					mp->m_name);
1054 			break;
1055 		}
1056 
1057 		if (rt == PTR && lt == PTR) {
1058 			if (!eqtype(lstp, rstp, 1, 0, NULL))
1059 				illptrc(mp, ltp, rtp);
1060 			break;
1061 		}
1062 
1063 		/* incompatible types in conditional */
1064 		error(126);
1065 		return (0);
1066 
1067 	case ASSIGN:
1068 	case INIT:
1069 	case FARG:
1070 	case RETURN:
1071 		if (!asgntypok(op, arg, ln, rn))
1072 			return (0);
1073 		goto assign;
1074 	case MULASS:
1075 	case DIVASS:
1076 	case MODASS:
1077 		goto assign;
1078 	case ADDASS:
1079 	case SUBASS:
1080 		/* operands have scalar types (checked above) */
1081 		if ((lt == PTR && !isityp(rt)) || rt == PTR) {
1082 			incompat(op, lt, rt);
1083 			return (0);
1084 		}
1085 		goto assign;
1086 	case SHLASS:
1087 		goto assign;
1088 	case SHRASS:
1089 		if (pflag && !isutyp(lt) && !(tflag && isutyp(rt))) {
1090 			/* bitwise operation on s.v. possibly nonportabel */
1091 			warning(117);
1092 		}
1093 		goto assign;
1094 	case ANDASS:
1095 	case XORASS:
1096 	case ORASS:
1097 		goto assign;
1098 	assign:
1099 		if (!ln->tn_lvalue) {
1100 			if (ln->tn_op == CVT && ln->tn_cast &&
1101 			    ln->tn_left->tn_op == LOAD) {
1102 				/* a cast does not yield an lvalue */
1103 				error(163);
1104 			}
1105 			/* %soperand of %s must be lvalue */
1106 			error(114, "left ", mp->m_name);
1107 			return (0);
1108 		} else if (ltp->t_const || ((lt == STRUCT || lt == UNION) &&
1109 					    conmemb(ltp))) {
1110 			/* %soperand of %s must be modifiable lvalue */
1111 			if (!tflag)
1112 				warning(115, "left ", mp->m_name);
1113 		}
1114 		break;
1115 	case COMMA:
1116 		if (!modtab[ln->tn_op].m_sideeff)
1117 			nulleff(ln);
1118 		break;
1119 		/* LINTED (enumeration values not handled in switch) */
1120 	case CON:
1121 	case CASE:
1122 	case PUSH:
1123 	case LOAD:
1124 	case ICALL:
1125 	case CVT:
1126 	case CALL:
1127 	case FSEL:
1128 	case STRING:
1129 	case NAME:
1130 	case LOGOR:
1131 	case LOGAND:
1132 	case OR:
1133 	case XOR:
1134 	case AND:
1135 	case MOD:
1136 	case DIV:
1137 	case MULT:
1138 	case UMINUS:
1139 	case UPLUS:
1140 	case DEC:
1141 	case INC:
1142 	case COMPL:
1143 	case NOT:
1144 	case NOOP:
1145 		break;
1146 	}
1147 
1148 	if (mp->m_badeop &&
1149 	    (ltp->t_isenum || (mp->m_binary && rtp->t_isenum))) {
1150 		chkbeop(op, ln, rn);
1151 	} else if (mp->m_enumop && (ltp->t_isenum && rtp->t_isenum)) {
1152 		chkeop2(op, arg, ln, rn);
1153 	} else if (mp->m_enumop && (ltp->t_isenum || rtp->t_isenum)) {
1154 		chkeop1(op, arg, ln, rn);
1155 	}
1156 
1157 	return (1);
1158 }
1159 
1160 static void
1161 ptrcmpok(op_t op, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
1162 {
1163 	type_t	*ltp, *rtp;
1164 	tspec_t	lt, rt;
1165 	const	char *lts, *rts;
1166 
1167 	lt = (ltp = ln->tn_type)->t_subt->t_tspec;
1168 	rt = (rtp = rn->tn_type)->t_subt->t_tspec;
1169 
1170 	if (lt == VOID || rt == VOID) {
1171 		if (sflag && (lt == FUNC || rt == FUNC)) {
1172 			/* (void *)0 already handled in typeok() */
1173 			*(lt == FUNC ? &lts : &rts) = "function pointer";
1174 			*(lt == VOID ? &lts : &rts) = "'void *'";
1175 			/* ANSI C forbids comparison of %s with %s */
1176 			warning(274, lts, rts);
1177 		}
1178 		return;
1179 	}
1180 
1181 	if (!eqtype(ltp->t_subt, rtp->t_subt, 1, 0, NULL)) {
1182 		illptrc(&modtab[op], ltp, rtp);
1183 		return;
1184 	}
1185 
1186 	if (lt == FUNC && rt == FUNC) {
1187 		if (sflag && op != EQ && op != NE)
1188 			/* ANSI C forbids ordered comp. of func ptr */
1189 			warning(125);
1190 	}
1191 }
1192 
1193 /*
1194  * Checks type compatibility for ASSIGN, INIT, FARG and RETURN
1195  * and prints warnings/errors if necessary.
1196  * If the types are (almost) compatible, 1 is returned, otherwise 0.
1197  */
1198 static int
1199 asgntypok(op_t op, int arg, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
1200 {
1201 	tspec_t	lt, rt, lst = NOTSPEC, rst = NOTSPEC;
1202 	type_t	*ltp, *rtp, *lstp = NULL, *rstp = NULL;
1203 	mod_t	*mp;
1204 	const	char *lts, *rts;
1205 
1206 	if ((lt = (ltp = ln->tn_type)->t_tspec) == PTR)
1207 		lst = (lstp = ltp->t_subt)->t_tspec;
1208 	if ((rt = (rtp = rn->tn_type)->t_tspec) == PTR)
1209 		rst = (rstp = rtp->t_subt)->t_tspec;
1210 	mp = &modtab[op];
1211 
1212 	if (isatyp(lt) && isatyp(rt))
1213 		return (1);
1214 
1215 	if ((lt == STRUCT || lt == UNION) && (rt == STRUCT || rt == UNION))
1216 		/* both are struct or union */
1217 		return (ltp->t_str == rtp->t_str);
1218 
1219 	/* 0, 0L and (void *)0 may be assigned to any pointer */
1220 	if (lt == PTR && ((rt == PTR && rst == VOID) || isityp(rt))) {
1221 		if (rn->tn_op == CON && rn->tn_val->v_quad == 0)
1222 			return (1);
1223 	}
1224 
1225 	if (lt == PTR && rt == PTR && (lst == VOID || rst == VOID)) {
1226 		/* two pointers, at least one pointer to void */
1227 		if (sflag && (lst == FUNC || rst == FUNC)) {
1228 			/* comb. of ptr to func and ptr to void */
1229 			*(lst == FUNC ? &lts : &rts) = "function pointer";
1230 			*(lst == VOID ? &lts : &rts) = "'void *'";
1231 			switch (op) {
1232 			case INIT:
1233 			case RETURN:
1234 				/* ANSI C forbids conversion of %s to %s */
1235 				warning(303, rts, lts);
1236 				break;
1237 			case FARG:
1238 				/* ANSI C forbids conv. of %s to %s, arg #%d */
1239 				warning(304, rts, lts, arg);
1240 				break;
1241 			default:
1242 				/* ANSI C forbids conv. of %s to %s, op %s */
1243 				warning(305, rts, lts, mp->m_name);
1244 				break;
1245 			}
1246 		}
1247 	}
1248 
1249 	if (lt == PTR && rt == PTR && (lst == VOID || rst == VOID ||
1250 				       eqtype(lstp, rstp, 1, 0, NULL))) {
1251 		/* compatible pointer types (qualifiers ignored) */
1252 		if (!tflag &&
1253 		    ((!lstp->t_const && rstp->t_const) ||
1254 		     (!lstp->t_volatile && rstp->t_volatile))) {
1255 			/* left side has not all qualifiers of right */
1256 			switch (op) {
1257 			case INIT:
1258 			case RETURN:
1259 				/* incompatible pointer types */
1260 				warning(182);
1261 				break;
1262 			case FARG:
1263 				/* argument has incompat. ptr. type, arg #%d */
1264 				warning(153, arg);
1265 				break;
1266 			default:
1267 				/* operands have incompat. ptr. types, op %s */
1268 				warning(128, mp->m_name);
1269 				break;
1270 			}
1271 		}
1272 		return (1);
1273 	}
1274 
1275 	if ((lt == PTR && isityp(rt)) || (isityp(lt) && rt == PTR)) {
1276 		switch (op) {
1277 		case INIT:
1278 		case RETURN:
1279 			/* illegal combination of pointer and integer */
1280 			warning(183);
1281 			break;
1282 		case FARG:
1283 			/* illegal comb. of ptr. and int., arg #%d */
1284 			warning(154, arg);
1285 			break;
1286 		default:
1287 			/* illegal comb. of ptr. and int., op %s */
1288 			warning(123, mp->m_name);
1289 			break;
1290 		}
1291 		return (1);
1292 	}
1293 
1294 	if (lt == PTR && rt == PTR) {
1295 		switch (op) {
1296 		case INIT:
1297 		case RETURN:
1298 			illptrc(NULL, ltp, rtp);
1299 			break;
1300 		case FARG:
1301 			/* argument has incompatible pointer type, arg #%d */
1302 			warning(153, arg);
1303 			break;
1304 		default:
1305 			illptrc(mp, ltp, rtp);
1306 			break;
1307 		}
1308 		return (1);
1309 	}
1310 
1311 	switch (op) {
1312 	case INIT:
1313 		/* initialisation type mismatch */
1314 		error(185);
1315 		break;
1316 	case RETURN:
1317 		/* return value type mismatch */
1318 		error(211);
1319 		break;
1320 	case FARG:
1321 		/* argument is incompatible with prototype, arg #%d */
1322 		warning(155, arg);
1323 		break;
1324 	default:
1325 		incompat(op, lt, rt);
1326 		break;
1327 	}
1328 
1329 	return (0);
1330 }
1331 
1332 /*
1333  * Prints a warning if an operator, which should be senseless for an
1334  * enum type, is applied to an enum type.
1335  */
1336 static void
1337 chkbeop(op_t op, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
1338 {
1339 	mod_t	*mp;
1340 
1341 	if (!eflag)
1342 		return;
1343 
1344 	mp = &modtab[op];
1345 
1346 	if (!(ln->tn_type->t_isenum ||
1347 	      (mp->m_binary && rn->tn_type->t_isenum))) {
1348 		return;
1349 	}
1350 
1351 	/*
1352 	 * Enum as offset to a pointer is an exception (otherwise enums
1353 	 * could not be used as array indizes).
1354 	 */
1355 	if (op == PLUS &&
1356 	    ((ln->tn_type->t_isenum && rn->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR) ||
1357 	     (rn->tn_type->t_isenum && ln->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR))) {
1358 		return;
1359 	}
1360 
1361 	/* dubious operation on enum, op %s */
1362 	warning(241, mp->m_name);
1363 
1364 }
1365 
1366 /*
1367  * Prints a warning if an operator is applied to two different enum types.
1368  */
1369 static void
1370 chkeop2(op_t op, int arg, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
1371 {
1372 	mod_t	*mp;
1373 
1374 	mp = &modtab[op];
1375 
1376 	if (ln->tn_type->t_enum != rn->tn_type->t_enum) {
1377 		switch (op) {
1378 		case INIT:
1379 			/* enum type mismatch in initialisation */
1380 			warning(210);
1381 			break;
1382 		case FARG:
1383 			/* enum type mismatch, arg #%d */
1384 			warning(156, arg);
1385 			break;
1386 		case RETURN:
1387 			/* return value type mismatch */
1388 			warning(211);
1389 			break;
1390 		default:
1391 			/* enum type mismatch, op %s */
1392 			warning(130, mp->m_name);
1393 			break;
1394 		}
1395 #if 0
1396 	} else if (mp->m_comp && op != EQ && op != NE) {
1397 		if (eflag)
1398 			/* dubious comparisons of enums */
1399 			warning(243, mp->m_name);
1400 #endif
1401 	}
1402 }
1403 
1404 /*
1405  * Prints a warning if an operator has both enum end other integer
1406  * types.
1407  */
1408 static void
1409 chkeop1(op_t op, int arg, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
1410 {
1411 
1412 	if (!eflag)
1413 		return;
1414 
1415 	switch (op) {
1416 	case INIT:
1417 		/*
1418 		 * Initializations with 0 should be allowed. Otherwise,
1419 		 * we should complain about all uninitialized enums,
1420 		 * consequently.
1421 		 */
1422 		if (!rn->tn_type->t_isenum && rn->tn_op == CON &&
1423 		    isityp(rn->tn_type->t_tspec) && rn->tn_val->v_quad == 0) {
1424 			return;
1425 		}
1426 		/* initialisation of '%s' with '%s' */
1427 		warning(277, tyname(ln->tn_type), tyname(rn->tn_type));
1428 		break;
1429 	case FARG:
1430 		/* combination of '%s' and '%s', arg #%d */
1431 		warning(278, tyname(ln->tn_type), tyname(rn->tn_type), arg);
1432 		break;
1433 	case RETURN:
1434 		/* combination of '%s' and '%s' in return */
1435 		warning(279, tyname(ln->tn_type), tyname(rn->tn_type));
1436 		break;
1437 	default:
1438 		/* combination of '%s' and %s, op %s */
1439 		warning(242, tyname(ln->tn_type), tyname(rn->tn_type),
1440 			modtab[op].m_name);
1441 		break;
1442 	}
1443 }
1444 
1445 /*
1446  * Build and initialize a new node.
1447  */
1448 static tnode_t *
1449 mktnode(op_t op, type_t *type, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
1450 {
1451 	tnode_t	*ntn;
1452 	tspec_t	t;
1453 
1454 	ntn = getnode();
1455 
1456 	ntn->tn_op = op;
1457 	ntn->tn_type = type;
1458 	ntn->tn_left = ln;
1459 	ntn->tn_right = rn;
1460 
1461 	if (op == STAR || op == FSEL) {
1462 		if (ln->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR) {
1463 			t = ln->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec;
1464 			if (t != FUNC && t != VOID)
1465 				ntn->tn_lvalue = 1;
1466 		} else {
1467 			lerror("mktnode() 2");
1468 		}
1469 	}
1470 
1471 	return (ntn);
1472 }
1473 
1474 /*
1475  * Performs usual conversion of operands to (unsigned) int.
1476  *
1477  * If tflag is set or the operand is a function argument with no
1478  * type information (no prototype or variable # of args), convert
1479  * float to double.
1480  */
1481 tnode_t *
1482 promote(op_t op, int farg, tnode_t *tn)
1483 {
1484 	tspec_t	t;
1485 	type_t	*ntp;
1486 	int	len;
1487 
1488 	t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
1489 
1490 	if (!isatyp(t))
1491 		return (tn);
1492 
1493 	if (!tflag) {
1494 		/*
1495 		 * ANSI C requires that the result is always of type INT
1496 		 * if INT can represent all possible values of the previous
1497 		 * type.
1498 		 */
1499 		if (tn->tn_type->t_isfield) {
1500 			len = tn->tn_type->t_flen;
1501 			if (size(INT) > len) {
1502 				t = INT;
1503 			} else {
1504 				if (size(INT) != len)
1505 					lerror("promote() 1");
1506 				if (isutyp(t)) {
1507 					t = UINT;
1508 				} else {
1509 					t = INT;
1510 				}
1511 			}
1512 		} else if (t == CHAR || t == UCHAR || t == SCHAR) {
1513 			t = (size(CHAR) < size(INT) || t != UCHAR) ?
1514 				INT : UINT;
1515 		} else if (t == SHORT || t == USHORT) {
1516 			t = (size(SHORT) < size(INT) || t == SHORT) ?
1517 				INT : UINT;
1518 		} else if (t == ENUM) {
1519 			t = INT;
1520 		} else if (farg && t == FLOAT) {
1521 			t = DOUBLE;
1522 		}
1523 	} else {
1524 		/*
1525 		 * In traditional C, keep unsigned and promote FLOAT
1526 		 * to DOUBLE.
1527 		 */
1528 		if (t == UCHAR || t == USHORT) {
1529 			t = UINT;
1530 		} else if (t == CHAR || t == SCHAR || t == SHORT) {
1531 			t = INT;
1532 		} else if (t == FLOAT) {
1533 			t = DOUBLE;
1534 		} else if (t == ENUM) {
1535 			t = INT;
1536 		}
1537 	}
1538 
1539 	if (t != tn->tn_type->t_tspec) {
1540 		ntp = tduptyp(tn->tn_type);
1541 		ntp->t_tspec = t;
1542 		/*
1543 		 * Keep t_isenum so we are later able to check compatibility
1544 		 * of enum types.
1545 		 */
1546 		tn = convert(op, 0, ntp, tn);
1547 	}
1548 
1549 	return (tn);
1550 }
1551 
1552 /*
1553  * Insert conversions which are necessary to give both operands the same
1554  * type. This is done in different ways for traditional C and ANIS C.
1555  */
1556 static void
1557 balance(op_t op, tnode_t **lnp, tnode_t **rnp)
1558 {
1559 	tspec_t	lt, rt, t;
1560 	int	i, u;
1561 	type_t	*ntp;
1562 	static	tspec_t	tl[] = {
1563 		LDOUBLE, DOUBLE, FLOAT, UQUAD, QUAD, ULONG, LONG, UINT, INT,
1564 	};
1565 
1566 	lt = (*lnp)->tn_type->t_tspec;
1567 	rt = (*rnp)->tn_type->t_tspec;
1568 
1569 	if (!isatyp(lt) || !isatyp(rt))
1570 		return;
1571 
1572 	if (!tflag) {
1573 		if (lt == rt) {
1574 			t = lt;
1575 		} else if (lt == LDOUBLE || rt == LDOUBLE) {
1576 			t = LDOUBLE;
1577 		} else if (lt == DOUBLE || rt == DOUBLE) {
1578 			t = DOUBLE;
1579 		} else if (lt == FLOAT || rt == FLOAT) {
1580 			t = FLOAT;
1581 		} else {
1582 			/*
1583 			 * If type A has more bits than type B it should
1584 			 * be able to hold all possible values of type B.
1585 			 */
1586 			if (size(lt) > size(rt)) {
1587 				t = lt;
1588 			} else if (size(lt) < size(rt)) {
1589 				t = rt;
1590 			} else {
1591 				for (i = 3; tl[i] != INT; i++) {
1592 					if (tl[i] == lt || tl[i] == rt)
1593 						break;
1594 				}
1595 				if ((isutyp(lt) || isutyp(rt)) &&
1596 				    !isutyp(tl[i])) {
1597 					i--;
1598 				}
1599 				t = tl[i];
1600 			}
1601 		}
1602 	} else {
1603 		/* Keep unsigned in traditional C */
1604 		u = isutyp(lt) || isutyp(rt);
1605 		for (i = 0; tl[i] != INT; i++) {
1606 			if (lt == tl[i] || rt == tl[i])
1607 				break;
1608 		}
1609 		t = tl[i];
1610 		if (u && isityp(t) && !isutyp(t))
1611 			t = utyp(t);
1612 	}
1613 
1614 	if (t != lt) {
1615 		ntp = tduptyp((*lnp)->tn_type);
1616 		ntp->t_tspec = t;
1617 		*lnp = convert(op, 0, ntp, *lnp);
1618 	}
1619 	if (t != rt) {
1620 		ntp = tduptyp((*rnp)->tn_type);
1621 		ntp->t_tspec = t;
1622 		*rnp = convert(op, 0, ntp, *rnp);
1623 	}
1624 }
1625 
1626 /*
1627  * Insert a conversion operator, which converts the type of the node
1628  * to another given type.
1629  * If op is FARG, arg is the number of the argument (used for warnings).
1630  */
1631 tnode_t *
1632 convert(op_t op, int arg, type_t *tp, tnode_t *tn)
1633 {
1634 	tnode_t	*ntn;
1635 	tspec_t	nt, ot, ost = NOTSPEC;
1636 
1637 	if (tn->tn_lvalue)
1638 		lerror("convert() 1");
1639 
1640 	nt = tp->t_tspec;
1641 	if ((ot = tn->tn_type->t_tspec) == PTR)
1642 		ost = tn->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec;
1643 
1644 	if (!tflag && !sflag && op == FARG)
1645 		ptconv(arg, nt, ot, tp, tn);
1646 	if (isityp(nt) && isityp(ot)) {
1647 		iiconv(op, arg, nt, ot, tp, tn);
1648 	} else if (nt == PTR && ((ot == PTR && ost == VOID) || isityp(ot)) &&
1649 		   tn->tn_op == CON && tn->tn_val->v_quad == 0) {
1650 		/* 0, 0L and (void *)0 may be assigned to any pointer. */
1651 	} else if (isityp(nt) && ot == PTR) {
1652 		piconv(op, nt, tp, tn);
1653 	} else if (nt == PTR && ot == PTR) {
1654 		ppconv(op, tn, tp);
1655 	}
1656 
1657 	ntn = getnode();
1658 	ntn->tn_op = CVT;
1659 	ntn->tn_type = tp;
1660 	ntn->tn_cast = op == CVT;
1661 	if (tn->tn_op != CON || nt == VOID) {
1662 		ntn->tn_left = tn;
1663 	} else {
1664 		ntn->tn_op = CON;
1665 		ntn->tn_val = tgetblk(sizeof (val_t));
1666 		cvtcon(op, arg, ntn->tn_type, ntn->tn_val, tn->tn_val);
1667 	}
1668 
1669 	return (ntn);
1670 }
1671 
1672 /*
1673  * Print a warning if a prototype causes a type conversion that is
1674  * different from what would happen to the same argument in the
1675  * absence of a prototype.
1676  *
1677  * Errors/Warnings about illegal type combinations are already printed
1678  * in asgntypok().
1679  */
1680 static void
1681 ptconv(int arg, tspec_t nt, tspec_t ot, type_t *tp, tnode_t *tn)
1682 {
1683 	tnode_t	*ptn;
1684 
1685 	if (!isatyp(nt) || !isatyp(ot))
1686 		return;
1687 
1688 	/*
1689 	 * If the type of the formal parameter is char/short, a warning
1690 	 * would be useless, because functions declared the old style
1691 	 * can't expect char/short arguments.
1692 	 */
1693 	if (nt == CHAR || nt == UCHAR || nt == SHORT || nt == USHORT)
1694 		return;
1695 
1696 	/* get default promotion */
1697 	ptn = promote(NOOP, 1, tn);
1698 	ot = ptn->tn_type->t_tspec;
1699 
1700 	/* return if types are the same with and without prototype */
1701 	if (nt == ot || (nt == ENUM && ot == INT))
1702 		return;
1703 
1704 	if (isftyp(nt) != isftyp(ot) || psize(nt) != psize(ot)) {
1705 		/* representation and/or width change */
1706 		if (styp(nt) != SHORT || !isityp(ot) || psize(ot) > psize(INT))
1707 			/* conversion to '%s' due to prototype, arg #%d */
1708 			warning(259, tyname(tp), arg);
1709 	} else if (hflag) {
1710 		/*
1711 		 * they differ in sign or base type (char, short, int,
1712 		 * long, long long, float, double, long double)
1713 		 *
1714 		 * if they differ only in sign and the argument is a constant
1715 		 * and the msb of the argument is not set, print no warning
1716 		 */
1717 		if (ptn->tn_op == CON && isityp(nt) && styp(nt) == styp(ot) &&
1718 		    msb(ptn->tn_val->v_quad, ot, -1) == 0) {
1719 			/* ok */
1720 		} else {
1721 			/* conversion to '%s' due to prototype, arg #%d */
1722 			warning(259, tyname(tp), arg);
1723 		}
1724 	}
1725 }
1726 
1727 /*
1728  * Print warnings for conversions of integer types which my cause
1729  * problems.
1730  */
1731 /* ARGSUSED */
1732 static void
1733 iiconv(op_t op, int arg, tspec_t nt, tspec_t ot, type_t *tp, tnode_t *tn)
1734 {
1735 	if (tn->tn_op == CON)
1736 		return;
1737 
1738 	if (op == CVT)
1739 		return;
1740 
1741 #if 0
1742 	if (psize(nt) > psize(ot) && isutyp(nt) != isutyp(ot)) {
1743 		/* conversion to %s may sign-extend incorrectly (, arg #%d) */
1744 		if (aflag && pflag) {
1745 			if (op == FARG) {
1746 				warning(297, tyname(tp), arg);
1747 			} else {
1748 				warning(131, tyname(tp));
1749 			}
1750 		}
1751 	}
1752 #endif
1753 
1754 	if (psize(nt) < psize(ot) &&
1755 	    (ot == LONG || ot == ULONG || ot == QUAD || ot == UQUAD ||
1756 	     aflag > 1)) {
1757 		/* conversion from '%s' may lose accuracy */
1758 		if (aflag) {
1759 			if (op == FARG) {
1760 				warning(298, tyname(tn->tn_type), arg);
1761 			} else {
1762 				warning(132, tyname(tn->tn_type));
1763 			}
1764 		}
1765 	}
1766 }
1767 
1768 /*
1769  * Print warnings for dubious conversions of pointer to integer.
1770  */
1771 static void
1772 piconv(op_t op, tspec_t nt, type_t *tp, tnode_t *tn)
1773 {
1774 
1775 	if (tn->tn_op == CON)
1776 		return;
1777 
1778 	if (op != CVT) {
1779 		/* We got already an error. */
1780 		return;
1781 	}
1782 
1783 	if (psize(nt) < psize(PTR)) {
1784 		if (pflag && size(nt) >= size(PTR)) {
1785 			/* conv. of pointer to %s may lose bits */
1786 			warning(134, tyname(tp));
1787 		} else {
1788 			/* conv. of pointer to %s loses bits */
1789 			warning(133, tyname(tp));
1790 		}
1791 	}
1792 }
1793 
1794 /*
1795  * Print warnings for questionable pointer conversions.
1796  */
1797 static void
1798 ppconv(op_t op, tnode_t *tn, type_t *tp)
1799 {
1800 	tspec_t nt, ot;
1801 	const	char *nts, *ots;
1802 
1803 	/*
1804 	 * We got already an error (pointers of different types
1805 	 * without a cast) or we will not get a warning.
1806 	 */
1807 	if (op != CVT)
1808 		return;
1809 
1810 	nt = tp->t_subt->t_tspec;
1811 	ot = tn->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec;
1812 
1813 	if (nt == VOID || ot == VOID) {
1814 		if (sflag && (nt == FUNC || ot == FUNC)) {
1815 			/* (void *)0 already handled in convert() */
1816 			*(nt == FUNC ? &nts : &ots) = "function pointer";
1817 			*(nt == VOID ? &nts : &ots) = "'void *'";
1818 			/* ANSI C forbids conversion of %s to %s */
1819 			warning(303, ots, nts);
1820 		}
1821 		return;
1822 	} else if (nt == FUNC && ot == FUNC) {
1823 		return;
1824 	} else if (nt == FUNC || ot == FUNC) {
1825 		/* questionable conversion of function pointer */
1826 		warning(229);
1827 		return;
1828 	}
1829 
1830 	if (getbound(tp->t_subt) > getbound(tn->tn_type->t_subt)) {
1831 		if (hflag)
1832 			/* possible pointer alignment problem */
1833 			warning(135);
1834 	}
1835 	if (((nt == STRUCT || nt == UNION) &&
1836 	     tp->t_subt->t_str != tn->tn_type->t_subt->t_str) ||
1837 	    psize(nt) != psize(ot)) {
1838 		if (cflag) {
1839 			/* pointer casts may be troublesome */
1840 			warning(247);
1841 		}
1842 	}
1843 }
1844 
1845 /*
1846  * Converts a typed constant in a constant of another type.
1847  *
1848  * op		operator which requires conversion
1849  * arg		if op is FARG, # of argument
1850  * tp		type in which to convert the constant
1851  * nv		new constant
1852  * v		old constant
1853  */
1854 void
1855 cvtcon(op_t op, int arg, type_t *tp, val_t *nv, val_t *v)
1856 {
1857 	tspec_t	ot, nt;
1858 	ldbl_t	max = 0.0, min = 0.0;
1859 	int	sz, rchk;
1860 	quad_t	xmask, xmsk1;
1861 	int	osz, nsz;
1862 
1863 	ot = v->v_tspec;
1864 	nt = nv->v_tspec = tp->t_tspec;
1865 	rchk = 0;
1866 
1867 	if (ot == FLOAT || ot == DOUBLE || ot == LDOUBLE) {
1868 		switch (nt) {
1869 		case CHAR:
1870 			max = CHAR_MAX;		min = CHAR_MIN;		break;
1871 		case UCHAR:
1872 			max = UCHAR_MAX;	min = 0;		break;
1873 		case SCHAR:
1874 			max = SCHAR_MAX;	min = SCHAR_MIN;	break;
1875 		case SHORT:
1876 			max = SHRT_MAX;		min = SHRT_MIN;		break;
1877 		case USHORT:
1878 			max = USHRT_MAX;	min = 0;		break;
1879 		case ENUM:
1880 		case INT:
1881 			max = INT_MAX;		min = INT_MIN;		break;
1882 		case UINT:
1883 			max = (u_int)UINT_MAX;	min = 0;		break;
1884 		case LONG:
1885 			max = LONG_MAX;		min = LONG_MIN;		break;
1886 		case ULONG:
1887 			max = (u_long)ULONG_MAX; min = 0;		break;
1888 		case QUAD:
1889 			max = QUAD_MAX;		min = QUAD_MIN;		break;
1890 		case UQUAD:
1891 			max = (u_quad_t)UQUAD_MAX; min = 0;		break;
1892 		case FLOAT:
1893 			max = FLT_MAX;		min = -FLT_MAX;		break;
1894 		case DOUBLE:
1895 			max = DBL_MAX;		min = -DBL_MAX;		break;
1896 		case PTR:
1897 			/* Got already an error because of float --> ptr */
1898 		case LDOUBLE:
1899 			max = LDBL_MAX;		min = -LDBL_MAX;	break;
1900 		default:
1901 			lerror("cvtcon() 1");
1902 		}
1903 		if (v->v_ldbl > max || v->v_ldbl < min) {
1904 			if (nt == LDOUBLE)
1905 				lerror("cvtcon() 2");
1906 			if (op == FARG) {
1907 				/* conv. of %s to %s is out of rng., arg #%d */
1908 				warning(295, tyname(gettyp(ot)), tyname(tp),
1909 					arg);
1910 			} else {
1911 				/* conversion of %s to %s is out of range */
1912 				warning(119, tyname(gettyp(ot)), tyname(tp));
1913 			}
1914 			v->v_ldbl = v->v_ldbl > 0 ? max : min;
1915 		}
1916 		if (nt == FLOAT) {
1917 			nv->v_ldbl = (float)v->v_ldbl;
1918 		} else if (nt == DOUBLE) {
1919 			nv->v_ldbl = (double)v->v_ldbl;
1920 		} else if (nt == LDOUBLE) {
1921 			nv->v_ldbl = v->v_ldbl;
1922 		} else {
1923 			nv->v_quad = (nt == PTR || isutyp(nt)) ?
1924 				(u_quad_t)v->v_ldbl : (quad_t)v->v_ldbl;
1925 		}
1926 	} else {
1927 		if (nt == FLOAT) {
1928 			nv->v_ldbl = (ot == PTR || isutyp(ot)) ?
1929 			       (float)(u_quad_t)v->v_quad : (float)v->v_quad;
1930 		} else if (nt == DOUBLE) {
1931 			nv->v_ldbl = (ot == PTR || isutyp(ot)) ?
1932 			       (double)(u_quad_t)v->v_quad : (double)v->v_quad;
1933 		} else if (nt == LDOUBLE) {
1934 			nv->v_ldbl = (ot == PTR || isutyp(ot)) ?
1935 			       (ldbl_t)(u_quad_t)v->v_quad : (ldbl_t)v->v_quad;
1936 		} else {
1937 			rchk = 1;		/* Check for lost precision. */
1938 			nv->v_quad = v->v_quad;
1939 		}
1940 	}
1941 
1942 	if (v->v_ansiu && isftyp(nt)) {
1943 		/* ANSI C treats constant as unsigned */
1944 		warning(157);
1945 		v->v_ansiu = 0;
1946 	} else if (v->v_ansiu && (isityp(nt) && !isutyp(nt) &&
1947 				  psize(nt) > psize(ot))) {
1948 		/* ANSI C treats constant as unsigned */
1949 		warning(157);
1950 		v->v_ansiu = 0;
1951 	}
1952 
1953 	if (nt != FLOAT && nt != DOUBLE && nt != LDOUBLE) {
1954 		sz = tp->t_isfield ? tp->t_flen : size(nt);
1955 		nv->v_quad = xsign(nv->v_quad, nt, sz);
1956 	}
1957 
1958 	if (rchk && op != CVT) {
1959 		osz = size(ot);
1960 		nsz = tp->t_isfield ? tp->t_flen : size(nt);
1961 		xmask = qlmasks[nsz] ^ qlmasks[osz];
1962 		xmsk1 = qlmasks[nsz] ^ qlmasks[osz - 1];
1963 		/*
1964 		 * For bitwise operations we are not interested in the
1965 		 * value, but in the bits itself.
1966 		 */
1967 		if (op == ORASS || op == OR || op == XOR) {
1968 			/*
1969 			 * Print a warning if bits which were set are
1970 			 * lost due to the conversion.
1971 			 * This can happen with operator ORASS only.
1972 			 */
1973 			if (nsz < osz && (v->v_quad & xmask) != 0) {
1974 				/* constant truncated by conv., op %s */
1975 				warning(306, modtab[op].m_name);
1976 			}
1977 		} else if (op == ANDASS || op == AND) {
1978 			/*
1979 			 * Print a warning if additional bits are not all 1
1980 			 * and the most significant bit of the old value is 1,
1981 			 * or if at least one (but not all) removed bit was 0.
1982 			 */
1983 			if (nsz > osz &&
1984 			    (nv->v_quad & qbmasks[osz - 1]) != 0 &&
1985 			    (nv->v_quad & xmask) != xmask) {
1986 				/*
1987 				 * extra bits set to 0 in conversion
1988 				 * of '%s' to '%s', op %s
1989 				 */
1990 				warning(309, tyname(gettyp(ot)),
1991 					tyname(tp), modtab[op].m_name);
1992 			} else if (nsz < osz &&
1993 				   (v->v_quad & xmask) != xmask &&
1994 				   (v->v_quad & xmask) != 0) {
1995 				/* const. truncated by conv., op %s */
1996 				warning(306, modtab[op].m_name);
1997 			}
1998 		} else if ((nt != PTR && isutyp(nt)) &&
1999 			   (ot != PTR && !isutyp(ot)) && v->v_quad < 0) {
2000 			if (op == ASSIGN) {
2001 				/* assignment of negative constant to ... */
2002 				warning(164);
2003 			} else if (op == INIT) {
2004 				/* initialisation of unsigned with neg. ... */
2005 				warning(221);
2006 			} else if (op == FARG) {
2007 				/* conversion of neg. const. to ..., arg #%d */
2008 				warning(296, arg);
2009 			} else if (modtab[op].m_comp) {
2010 				/* we get this warning already in chkcomp() */
2011 			} else {
2012 				/* conversion of negative constant to ... */
2013 				warning(222);
2014 			}
2015 		} else if (nv->v_quad != v->v_quad && nsz <= osz &&
2016 			   (v->v_quad & xmask) != 0 &&
2017 			   (isutyp(ot) || (v->v_quad & xmsk1) != xmsk1)) {
2018 			/*
2019 			 * Loss of significant bit(s). All truncated bits
2020 			 * of unsigned types or all truncated bits plus the
2021 			 * msb of the target for signed types are considered
2022 			 * to be significant bits. Loss of significant bits
2023 			 * means that at least on of the bits was set in an
2024 			 * unsigned type or that at least one, but not all of
2025 			 * the bits was set in an signed type.
2026 			 * Loss of significant bits means that it is not
2027 			 * possible, also not with necessary casts, to convert
2028 			 * back to the original type. A example for a
2029 			 * necessary cast is:
2030 			 *	char c;	int	i; c = 128;
2031 			 *	i = c;			** yields -128 **
2032 			 *	i = (unsigned char)c;	** yields 128 **
2033 			 */
2034 			if (op == ASSIGN && tp->t_isfield) {
2035 				/* precision lost in bit-field assignment */
2036 				warning(166);
2037 			} else if (op == ASSIGN) {
2038 				/* constant truncated by assignment */
2039 				warning(165);
2040 			} else if (op == INIT && tp->t_isfield) {
2041 				/* bit-field initializer does not fit */
2042 				warning(180);
2043 			} else if (op == INIT) {
2044 				/* initializer does not fit */
2045 				warning(178);
2046 			} else if (op == CASE) {
2047 				/* case label affected by conversion */
2048 				warning(196);
2049 			} else if (op == FARG) {
2050 				/* conv. of %s to %s is out of rng., arg #%d */
2051 				warning(295, tyname(gettyp(ot)), tyname(tp),
2052 					arg);
2053 			} else {
2054 				/* conversion of %s to %s is out of range */
2055 				warning(119, tyname(gettyp(ot)), tyname(tp));
2056 			}
2057 		} else if (nv->v_quad != v->v_quad) {
2058 			if (op == ASSIGN && tp->t_isfield) {
2059 				/* precision lost in bit-field assignment */
2060 				warning(166);
2061 			} else if (op == INIT && tp->t_isfield) {
2062 				/* bit-field initializer out of range */
2063 				warning(11);
2064 			} else if (op == CASE) {
2065 				/* case label affected by conversion */
2066 				warning(196);
2067 			} else if (op == FARG) {
2068 				/* conv. of %s to %s is out of rng., arg #%d */
2069 				warning(295, tyname(gettyp(ot)), tyname(tp),
2070 					arg);
2071 			} else {
2072 				/* conversion of %s to %s is out of range */
2073 				warning(119, tyname(gettyp(ot)), tyname(tp));
2074 			}
2075 		}
2076 	}
2077 }
2078 
2079 /*
2080  * Called if incompatible types were detected.
2081  * Prints a appropriate warning.
2082  */
2083 static void
2084 incompat(op_t op, tspec_t lt, tspec_t rt)
2085 {
2086 	mod_t	*mp;
2087 
2088 	mp = &modtab[op];
2089 
2090 	if (lt == VOID || (mp->m_binary && rt == VOID)) {
2091 		/* void type illegal in expression */
2092 		error(109);
2093 	} else if (op == ASSIGN) {
2094 		if ((lt == STRUCT || lt == UNION) &&
2095 		    (rt == STRUCT || rt == UNION)) {
2096 			/* assignment of different structures */
2097 			error(240);
2098 		} else {
2099 			/* assignment type mismatch */
2100 			error(171);
2101 		}
2102 	} else if (mp->m_binary) {
2103 		/* operands of %s have incompatible types */
2104 		error(107, mp->m_name);
2105 	} else {
2106 		/* operand of %s has incompatible type */
2107 		error(108, mp->m_name);
2108 	}
2109 }
2110 
2111 /*
2112  * Called if incompatible pointer types are detected.
2113  * Print an appropriate warning.
2114  */
2115 static void
2116 illptrc(mod_t *mp, type_t *ltp, type_t *rtp)
2117 {
2118 	tspec_t	lt, rt;
2119 
2120 	if (ltp->t_tspec != PTR || rtp->t_tspec != PTR)
2121 		lerror("illptrc() 1");
2122 
2123 	lt = ltp->t_subt->t_tspec;
2124 	rt = rtp->t_subt->t_tspec;
2125 
2126 	if ((lt == STRUCT || lt == UNION) && (rt == STRUCT || rt == UNION)) {
2127 		if (mp == NULL) {
2128 			/* illegal structure pointer combination */
2129 			warning(244);
2130 		} else {
2131 			/* illegal structure pointer combination, op %s */
2132 			warning(245, mp->m_name);
2133 		}
2134 	} else {
2135 		if (mp == NULL) {
2136 			/* illegal pointer combination */
2137 			warning(184);
2138 		} else {
2139 			/* illegal pointer combination, op %s */
2140 			warning(124, mp->m_name);
2141 		}
2142 	}
2143 }
2144 
2145 /*
2146  * Make sure type (*tpp)->t_subt has at least the qualifiers
2147  * of tp1->t_subt and tp2->t_subt.
2148  */
2149 static void
2150 mrgqual(type_t **tpp, type_t *tp1, type_t *tp2)
2151 {
2152 
2153 	if ((*tpp)->t_tspec != PTR ||
2154 	    tp1->t_tspec != PTR || tp2->t_tspec != PTR) {
2155 		lerror("mrgqual()");
2156 	}
2157 
2158 	if ((*tpp)->t_subt->t_const ==
2159 	    (tp1->t_subt->t_const | tp2->t_subt->t_const) &&
2160 	    (*tpp)->t_subt->t_volatile ==
2161 	    (tp1->t_subt->t_volatile | tp2->t_subt->t_volatile)) {
2162 		return;
2163 	}
2164 
2165 	*tpp = tduptyp(*tpp);
2166 	(*tpp)->t_subt = tduptyp((*tpp)->t_subt);
2167 	(*tpp)->t_subt->t_const =
2168 		tp1->t_subt->t_const | tp2->t_subt->t_const;
2169 	(*tpp)->t_subt->t_volatile =
2170 		tp1->t_subt->t_volatile | tp2->t_subt->t_volatile;
2171 }
2172 
2173 /*
2174  * Returns 1 if the given structure or union has a constant member
2175  * (maybe recursively).
2176  */
2177 static int
2178 conmemb(type_t *tp)
2179 {
2180 	sym_t	*m;
2181 	tspec_t	t;
2182 
2183 	if ((t = tp->t_tspec) != STRUCT && t != UNION)
2184 		lerror("conmemb()");
2185 	for (m = tp->t_str->memb; m != NULL; m = m->s_nxt) {
2186 		tp = m->s_type;
2187 		if (tp->t_const)
2188 			return (1);
2189 		if ((t = tp->t_tspec) == STRUCT || t == UNION) {
2190 			if (conmemb(m->s_type))
2191 				return (1);
2192 		}
2193 	}
2194 	return (0);
2195 }
2196 
2197 const char *
2198 tyname(type_t *tp)
2199 {
2200 	tspec_t	t;
2201 	const	char *s;
2202 
2203 	if ((t = tp->t_tspec) == INT && tp->t_isenum)
2204 		t = ENUM;
2205 
2206 	switch (t) {
2207 	case CHAR:	s = "char";			break;
2208 	case UCHAR:	s = "unsigned char";		break;
2209 	case SCHAR:	s = "signed char";		break;
2210 	case SHORT:	s = "short";			break;
2211 	case USHORT:	s = "unsigned short";		break;
2212 	case INT:	s = "int";			break;
2213 	case UINT:	s = "unsigned int";		break;
2214 	case LONG:	s = "long";			break;
2215 	case ULONG:	s = "unsigned long";		break;
2216 	case QUAD:	s = "long long";		break;
2217 	case UQUAD:	s = "unsigned long long";	break;
2218 	case FLOAT:	s = "float";			break;
2219 	case DOUBLE:	s = "double";			break;
2220 	case LDOUBLE:	s = "long double";		break;
2221 	case PTR:	s = "pointer";			break;
2222 	case ENUM:	s = "enum";			break;
2223 	case STRUCT:	s = "struct";			break;
2224 	case UNION:	s = "union";			break;
2225 	case FUNC:	s = "function";			break;
2226 	case ARRAY:	s = "array";			break;
2227 	default:
2228 		lerror("tyname()");
2229 	}
2230 	return (s);
2231 }
2232 
2233 /*
2234  * Create a new node for one of the operators POINT and ARROW.
2235  */
2236 static tnode_t *
2237 bldstr(op_t op, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
2238 {
2239 	tnode_t	*ntn, *ctn;
2240 	int	nolval;
2241 
2242 	if (rn->tn_op != NAME)
2243 		lerror("bldstr() 1");
2244 	if (rn->tn_sym->s_value.v_tspec != INT)
2245 		lerror("bldstr() 2");
2246 	if (rn->tn_sym->s_scl != MOS && rn->tn_sym->s_scl != MOU)
2247 		lerror("bldstr() 3");
2248 
2249 	/*
2250 	 * Remember if the left operand is an lvalue (structure members
2251 	 * are lvalues if and only if the structure itself is an lvalue).
2252 	 */
2253 	nolval = op == POINT && !ln->tn_lvalue;
2254 
2255 	if (op == POINT) {
2256 		ln = bldamper(ln, 1);
2257 	} else if (ln->tn_type->t_tspec != PTR) {
2258 		if (!tflag || !isityp(ln->tn_type->t_tspec))
2259 			lerror("bldstr() 4");
2260 		ln = convert(NOOP, 0, tincref(gettyp(VOID), PTR), ln);
2261 	}
2262 
2263 #if PTRDIFF_IS_LONG
2264 	ctn = getinode(LONG, rn->tn_sym->s_value.v_quad / CHAR_BIT);
2265 #else
2266 	ctn = getinode(INT, rn->tn_sym->s_value.v_quad / CHAR_BIT);
2267 #endif
2268 
2269 	ntn = mktnode(PLUS, tincref(rn->tn_type, PTR), ln, ctn);
2270 	if (ln->tn_op == CON)
2271 		ntn = fold(ntn);
2272 
2273 	if (rn->tn_type->t_isfield) {
2274 		ntn = mktnode(FSEL, ntn->tn_type->t_subt, ntn, NULL);
2275 	} else {
2276 		ntn = mktnode(STAR, ntn->tn_type->t_subt, ntn, NULL);
2277 	}
2278 
2279 	if (nolval)
2280 		ntn->tn_lvalue = 0;
2281 
2282 	return (ntn);
2283 }
2284 
2285 /*
2286  * Create a node for INCAFT, INCBEF, DECAFT and DECBEF.
2287  */
2288 static tnode_t *
2289 bldincdec(op_t op, tnode_t *ln)
2290 {
2291 	tnode_t	*cn, *ntn;
2292 
2293 	if (ln == NULL)
2294 		lerror("bldincdec() 1");
2295 
2296 	if (ln->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR) {
2297 		cn = plength(ln->tn_type);
2298 	} else {
2299 		cn = getinode(INT, (quad_t)1);
2300 	}
2301 	ntn = mktnode(op, ln->tn_type, ln, cn);
2302 
2303 	return (ntn);
2304 }
2305 
2306 /*
2307  * Create a tree node for the & operator
2308  */
2309 static tnode_t *
2310 bldamper(tnode_t *tn, int noign)
2311 {
2312 	tnode_t	*ntn;
2313 	tspec_t	t;
2314 
2315 	if (!noign && ((t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec) == ARRAY || t == FUNC)) {
2316 		/* & before array or function: ignored */
2317 		if (tflag)
2318 			warning(127);
2319 		return (tn);
2320 	}
2321 
2322 	/* eliminate &* */
2323 	if (tn->tn_op == STAR &&
2324 	    tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR &&
2325 	    tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_subt == tn->tn_type) {
2326 		return (tn->tn_left);
2327 	}
2328 
2329 	ntn = mktnode(AMPER, tincref(tn->tn_type, PTR), tn, NULL);
2330 
2331 	return (ntn);
2332 }
2333 
2334 /*
2335  * Create a node for operators PLUS and MINUS.
2336  */
2337 static tnode_t *
2338 bldplmi(op_t op, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
2339 {
2340 	tnode_t	*ntn, *ctn;
2341 	type_t	*tp;
2342 
2343 	/* If pointer and integer, then pointer to the lhs. */
2344 	if (rn->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR && isityp(ln->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
2345 		ntn = ln;
2346 		ln = rn;
2347 		rn = ntn;
2348 	}
2349 
2350 	if (ln->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR && rn->tn_type->t_tspec != PTR) {
2351 
2352 		if (!isityp(rn->tn_type->t_tspec))
2353 			lerror("bldplmi() 1");
2354 
2355 		ctn = plength(ln->tn_type);
2356 		if (rn->tn_type->t_tspec != ctn->tn_type->t_tspec)
2357 			rn = convert(NOOP, 0, ctn->tn_type, rn);
2358 		rn = mktnode(MULT, rn->tn_type, rn, ctn);
2359 		if (rn->tn_left->tn_op == CON)
2360 			rn = fold(rn);
2361 		ntn = mktnode(op, ln->tn_type, ln, rn);
2362 
2363 	} else if (rn->tn_type->t_tspec == PTR) {
2364 
2365 		if (ln->tn_type->t_tspec != PTR || op != MINUS)
2366 			lerror("bldplmi() 2");
2367 #if PTRDIFF_IS_LONG
2368 		tp = gettyp(LONG);
2369 #else
2370 		tp = gettyp(INT);
2371 #endif
2372 		ntn = mktnode(op, tp, ln, rn);
2373 		if (ln->tn_op == CON && rn->tn_op == CON)
2374 			ntn = fold(ntn);
2375 		ctn = plength(ln->tn_type);
2376 		balance(NOOP, &ntn, &ctn);
2377 		ntn = mktnode(DIV, tp, ntn, ctn);
2378 
2379 	} else {
2380 
2381 		ntn = mktnode(op, ln->tn_type, ln, rn);
2382 
2383 	}
2384 	return (ntn);
2385 }
2386 
2387 /*
2388  * Create a node for operators SHL and SHR.
2389  */
2390 static tnode_t *
2391 bldshft(op_t op, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
2392 {
2393 	tspec_t	t;
2394 	tnode_t	*ntn;
2395 
2396 	if ((t = rn->tn_type->t_tspec) != INT && t != UINT)
2397 		rn = convert(CVT, 0, gettyp(INT), rn);
2398 	ntn = mktnode(op, ln->tn_type, ln, rn);
2399 	return (ntn);
2400 }
2401 
2402 /*
2403  * Create a node for COLON.
2404  */
2405 static tnode_t *
2406 bldcol(tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
2407 {
2408 	tspec_t	lt, rt, pdt;
2409 	type_t	*rtp;
2410 	tnode_t	*ntn;
2411 
2412 	lt = ln->tn_type->t_tspec;
2413 	rt = rn->tn_type->t_tspec;
2414 #if PTRDIFF_IS_LONG
2415 	pdt = LONG;
2416 #else
2417 	pdt = INT;
2418 #endif
2419 
2420 	/*
2421 	 * Arithmetic types are balanced, all other type combinations
2422 	 * still need to be handled.
2423 	 */
2424 	if (isatyp(lt) && isatyp(rt)) {
2425 		rtp = ln->tn_type;
2426 	} else if (lt == VOID || rt == VOID) {
2427 		rtp = gettyp(VOID);
2428 	} else if (lt == STRUCT || lt == UNION) {
2429 		/* Both types must be identical. */
2430 		if (rt != STRUCT && rt != UNION)
2431 			lerror("bldcol() 1");
2432 		if (ln->tn_type->t_str != rn->tn_type->t_str)
2433 			lerror("bldcol() 2");
2434 		if (incompl(ln->tn_type)) {
2435 			/* unknown operand size, op %s */
2436 			error(138, modtab[COLON].m_name);
2437 			return (NULL);
2438 		}
2439 		rtp = ln->tn_type;
2440 	} else if (lt == PTR && isityp(rt)) {
2441 		if (rt != pdt) {
2442 			rn = convert(NOOP, 0, gettyp(pdt), rn);
2443 			rt = pdt;
2444 		}
2445 		rtp = ln->tn_type;
2446 	} else if (rt == PTR && isityp(lt)) {
2447 		if (lt != pdt) {
2448 			ln = convert(NOOP, 0, gettyp(pdt), ln);
2449 			lt = pdt;
2450 		}
2451 		rtp = rn->tn_type;
2452 	} else if (lt == PTR && ln->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID) {
2453 		if (rt != PTR)
2454 			lerror("bldcol() 4");
2455 		rtp = ln->tn_type;
2456 		mrgqual(&rtp, ln->tn_type, rn->tn_type);
2457 	} else if (rt == PTR && rn->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID) {
2458 		if (lt != PTR)
2459 			lerror("bldcol() 5");
2460 		rtp = rn->tn_type;
2461 		mrgqual(&rtp, ln->tn_type, rn->tn_type);
2462 	} else {
2463 		if (lt != PTR || rt != PTR)
2464 			lerror("bldcol() 6");
2465 		/*
2466 		 * XXX For now we simply take the left type. This is
2467 		 * probably wrong, if one type contains a functionprototype
2468 		 * and the other one, at the same place, only an old style
2469 		 * declaration.
2470 		 */
2471 		rtp = ln->tn_type;
2472 		mrgqual(&rtp, ln->tn_type, rn->tn_type);
2473 	}
2474 
2475 	ntn = mktnode(COLON, rtp, ln, rn);
2476 
2477 	return (ntn);
2478 }
2479 
2480 /*
2481  * Create a node for an assignment operator (both = and op= ).
2482  */
2483 static tnode_t *
2484 bldasgn(op_t op, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
2485 {
2486 	tspec_t	lt, rt;
2487 	tnode_t	*ntn, *ctn;
2488 
2489 	if (ln == NULL || rn == NULL)
2490 		lerror("bldasgn() 1");
2491 
2492 	lt = ln->tn_type->t_tspec;
2493 	rt = rn->tn_type->t_tspec;
2494 
2495 	if ((op == ADDASS || op == SUBASS) && lt == PTR) {
2496 		if (!isityp(rt))
2497 			lerror("bldasgn() 2");
2498 		ctn = plength(ln->tn_type);
2499 		if (rn->tn_type->t_tspec != ctn->tn_type->t_tspec)
2500 			rn = convert(NOOP, 0, ctn->tn_type, rn);
2501 		rn = mktnode(MULT, rn->tn_type, rn, ctn);
2502 		if (rn->tn_left->tn_op == CON)
2503 			rn = fold(rn);
2504 	}
2505 
2506 	if ((op == ASSIGN || op == RETURN) && (lt == STRUCT || rt == STRUCT)) {
2507 		if (rt != lt || ln->tn_type->t_str != rn->tn_type->t_str)
2508 			lerror("bldasgn() 3");
2509 		if (incompl(ln->tn_type)) {
2510 			if (op == RETURN) {
2511 				/* cannot return incomplete type */
2512 				error(212);
2513 			} else {
2514 				/* unknown operand size, op %s */
2515 				error(138, modtab[op].m_name);
2516 			}
2517 			return (NULL);
2518 		}
2519 	}
2520 
2521 	if (op == SHLASS || op == SHRASS) {
2522 		if (rt != INT) {
2523 			rn = convert(NOOP, 0, gettyp(INT), rn);
2524 			rt = INT;
2525 		}
2526 	} else {
2527 		if (op == ASSIGN || lt != PTR) {
2528 			if (lt != rt ||
2529 			    (ln->tn_type->t_isfield && rn->tn_op == CON)) {
2530 				rn = convert(op, 0, ln->tn_type, rn);
2531 				rt = lt;
2532 			}
2533 		}
2534 	}
2535 
2536 	ntn = mktnode(op, ln->tn_type, ln, rn);
2537 
2538 	return (ntn);
2539 }
2540 
2541 /*
2542  * Get length of type tp->t_subt.
2543  */
2544 static tnode_t *
2545 plength(type_t *tp)
2546 {
2547 	int	elem, elsz;
2548 	tspec_t	st;
2549 
2550 	if (tp->t_tspec != PTR)
2551 		lerror("plength() 1");
2552 	tp = tp->t_subt;
2553 
2554 	elem = 1;
2555 	elsz = 0;
2556 
2557 	while (tp->t_tspec == ARRAY) {
2558 		elem *= tp->t_dim;
2559 		tp = tp->t_subt;
2560 	}
2561 
2562 	switch (tp->t_tspec) {
2563 	case FUNC:
2564 		/* pointer to function is not allowed here */
2565 		error(110);
2566 		break;
2567 	case VOID:
2568 		/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of ... */
2569 		(void)gnuism(136);
2570 		break;
2571 	case STRUCT:
2572 	case UNION:
2573 		if ((elsz = tp->t_str->size) == 0)
2574 			/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of ... */
2575 			error(136);
2576 		break;
2577 	case ENUM:
2578 		if (incompl(tp)) {
2579 			/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of ... */
2580 			warning(136);
2581 		}
2582 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2583 	default:
2584 		if ((elsz = size(tp->t_tspec)) == 0) {
2585 			/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of ... */
2586 			error(136);
2587 		} else if (elsz == -1) {
2588 			lerror("plength() 2");
2589 		}
2590 		break;
2591 	}
2592 
2593 	if (elem == 0 && elsz != 0) {
2594 		/* cannot do pointer arithmetic on operand of ... */
2595 		error(136);
2596 	}
2597 
2598 	if (elsz == 0)
2599 		elsz = CHAR_BIT;
2600 
2601 #if PTRDIFF_IS_LONG
2602 	st = LONG;
2603 #else
2604 	st = INT;
2605 #endif
2606 
2607 	return (getinode(st, (quad_t)(elem * elsz / CHAR_BIT)));
2608 }
2609 
2610 /*
2611  * Do only as much as necessary to compute constant expressions.
2612  * Called only if the operator allows folding and (both) operands
2613  * are constants.
2614  */
2615 static tnode_t *
2616 fold(tnode_t *tn)
2617 {
2618 	val_t	*v;
2619 	tspec_t	t;
2620 	int	utyp, ovfl;
2621 	quad_t	sl, sr = 0, q = 0, mask;
2622 	u_quad_t ul, ur = 0;
2623 	tnode_t	*cn;
2624 
2625 	v = xcalloc(1, sizeof (val_t));
2626 	v->v_tspec = t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
2627 
2628 	utyp = t == PTR || isutyp(t);
2629 	ul = sl = tn->tn_left->tn_val->v_quad;
2630 	if (modtab[tn->tn_op].m_binary)
2631 		ur = sr = tn->tn_right->tn_val->v_quad;
2632 
2633 	ovfl = 0;
2634 
2635 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
2636 	case UPLUS:
2637 		q = sl;
2638 		break;
2639 	case UMINUS:
2640 		q = -sl;
2641 		if (msb(q, t, -1) == msb(sl, t, -1))
2642 			ovfl = 1;
2643 		break;
2644 	case COMPL:
2645 		q = ~sl;
2646 		break;
2647 	case MULT:
2648 		q = utyp ? ul * ur : sl * sr;
2649 		if (msb(q, t, -1) != (msb(sl, t, -1) ^ msb(sr, t, -1)))
2650 			ovfl = 1;
2651 		break;
2652 	case DIV:
2653 		if (sr == 0) {
2654 			/* division by 0 */
2655 			error(139);
2656 			q = utyp ? UQUAD_MAX : QUAD_MAX;
2657 		} else {
2658 			q = utyp ? ul / ur : sl / sr;
2659 		}
2660 		break;
2661 	case MOD:
2662 		if (sr == 0) {
2663 			/* modulus by 0 */
2664 			error(140);
2665 			q = 0;
2666 		} else {
2667 			q = utyp ? ul % ur : sl % sr;
2668 		}
2669 		break;
2670 	case PLUS:
2671 		q = utyp ? ul + ur : sl + sr;
2672 		if (msb(sl, t, -1)  != 0 && msb(sr, t, -1) != 0) {
2673 			if (msb(q, t, -1) == 0)
2674 				ovfl = 1;
2675 		} else if (msb(sl, t, -1) == 0 && msb(sr, t, -1) == 0) {
2676 			if (msb(q, t, -1) != 0)
2677 				ovfl = 1;
2678 		}
2679 		break;
2680 	case MINUS:
2681 		q = utyp ? ul - ur : sl - sr;
2682 		if (msb(sl, t, -1) != 0 && msb(sr, t, -1) == 0) {
2683 			if (msb(q, t, -1) == 0)
2684 				ovfl = 1;
2685 		} else if (msb(sl, t, -1) == 0 && msb(sr, t, -1) != 0) {
2686 			if (msb(q, t, -1) != 0)
2687 				ovfl = 1;
2688 		}
2689 		break;
2690 	case SHL:
2691 		q = utyp ? ul << sr : sl << sr;
2692 		break;
2693 	case SHR:
2694 		/*
2695 		 * The sign must be explizitly extended because
2696 		 * shifts of signed values are implementation dependent.
2697 		 */
2698 		q = ul >> sr;
2699 		q = xsign(q, t, size(t) - (int)sr);
2700 		break;
2701 	case LT:
2702 		q = utyp ? ul < ur : sl < sr;
2703 		break;
2704 	case LE:
2705 		q = utyp ? ul <= ur : sl <= sr;
2706 		break;
2707 	case GE:
2708 		q = utyp ? ul >= ur : sl >= sr;
2709 		break;
2710 	case GT:
2711 		q = utyp ? ul > ur : sl > sr;
2712 		break;
2713 	case EQ:
2714 		q = utyp ? ul == ur : sl == sr;
2715 		break;
2716 	case NE:
2717 		q = utyp ? ul != ur : sl != sr;
2718 		break;
2719 	case AND:
2720 		q = utyp ? ul & ur : sl & sr;
2721 		break;
2722 	case XOR:
2723 		q = utyp ? ul ^ ur : sl ^ sr;
2724 		break;
2725 	case OR:
2726 		q = utyp ? ul | ur : sl | sr;
2727 		break;
2728 	default:
2729 		lerror("fold() 5");
2730 	}
2731 
2732 	mask = qlmasks[size(t)];
2733 
2734 	/* XXX does not work for quads. */
2735 	if (ovfl || ((q | mask) != ~(u_quad_t)0 && (q & ~mask) != 0)) {
2736 		if (hflag)
2737 			/* integer overflow detected, op %s */
2738 			warning(141, modtab[tn->tn_op].m_name);
2739 	}
2740 
2741 	v->v_quad = xsign(q, t, -1);
2742 
2743 	cn = getcnode(tn->tn_type, v);
2744 
2745 	return (cn);
2746 }
2747 
2748 /*
2749  * Same for operators whose operands are compared with 0 (test context).
2750  */
2751 static tnode_t *
2752 foldtst(tnode_t *tn)
2753 {
2754 	int	l, r = 0;
2755 	val_t	*v;
2756 
2757 	v = xcalloc(1, sizeof (val_t));
2758 	v->v_tspec = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
2759 	if (tn->tn_type->t_tspec != INT)
2760 		lerror("foldtst() 1");
2761 
2762 	if (isftyp(tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
2763 		l = tn->tn_left->tn_val->v_ldbl != 0.0;
2764 	} else {
2765 		l = tn->tn_left->tn_val->v_quad != 0;
2766 	}
2767 
2768 	if (modtab[tn->tn_op].m_binary) {
2769 		if (isftyp(tn->tn_right->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
2770 			r = tn->tn_right->tn_val->v_ldbl != 0.0;
2771 		} else {
2772 			r = tn->tn_right->tn_val->v_quad != 0;
2773 		}
2774 	}
2775 
2776 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
2777 	case NOT:
2778 		if (hflag)
2779 			/* constant argument to NOT */
2780 			warning(239);
2781 		v->v_quad = !l;
2782 		break;
2783 	case LOGAND:
2784 		v->v_quad = l && r;
2785 		break;
2786 	case LOGOR:
2787 		v->v_quad = l || r;
2788 		break;
2789 	default:
2790 		lerror("foldtst() 1");
2791 	}
2792 
2793 	return (getcnode(tn->tn_type, v));
2794 }
2795 
2796 /*
2797  * Same for operands with floating point type.
2798  */
2799 static tnode_t *
2800 foldflt(tnode_t *tn)
2801 {
2802 	val_t	*v;
2803 	tspec_t	t;
2804 	ldbl_t	l, r = 0;
2805 
2806 	v = xcalloc(1, sizeof (val_t));
2807 	v->v_tspec = t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
2808 
2809 	if (!isftyp(t))
2810 		lerror("foldflt() 1");
2811 
2812 	if (t != tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec)
2813 		lerror("foldflt() 2");
2814 	if (modtab[tn->tn_op].m_binary && t != tn->tn_right->tn_type->t_tspec)
2815 		lerror("foldflt() 3");
2816 
2817 	l = tn->tn_left->tn_val->v_ldbl;
2818 	if (modtab[tn->tn_op].m_binary)
2819 		r = tn->tn_right->tn_val->v_ldbl;
2820 
2821 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
2822 	case UPLUS:
2823 		v->v_ldbl = l;
2824 		break;
2825 	case UMINUS:
2826 		v->v_ldbl = -l;
2827 		break;
2828 	case MULT:
2829 		v->v_ldbl = l * r;
2830 		break;
2831 	case DIV:
2832 		if (r == 0.0) {
2833 			/* division by 0 */
2834 			error(139);
2835 			if (t == FLOAT) {
2836 				v->v_ldbl = l < 0 ? -FLT_MAX : FLT_MAX;
2837 			} else if (t == DOUBLE) {
2838 				v->v_ldbl = l < 0 ? -DBL_MAX : DBL_MAX;
2839 			} else {
2840 				v->v_ldbl = l < 0 ? -LDBL_MAX : LDBL_MAX;
2841 			}
2842 		} else {
2843 			v->v_ldbl = l / r;
2844 		}
2845 		break;
2846 	case PLUS:
2847 		v->v_ldbl = l + r;
2848 		break;
2849 	case MINUS:
2850 		v->v_ldbl = l - r;
2851 		break;
2852 	case LT:
2853 		v->v_quad = l < r;
2854 		break;
2855 	case LE:
2856 		v->v_quad = l <= r;
2857 		break;
2858 	case GE:
2859 		v->v_quad = l >= r;
2860 		break;
2861 	case GT:
2862 		v->v_quad = l > r;
2863 		break;
2864 	case EQ:
2865 		v->v_quad = l == r;
2866 		break;
2867 	case NE:
2868 		v->v_quad = l != r;
2869 		break;
2870 	default:
2871 		lerror("foldflt() 4");
2872 	}
2873 
2874 	if (isnan((double)v->v_ldbl))
2875 		lerror("foldflt() 5");
2876 	if (isinf((double)v->v_ldbl) ||
2877 	    (t == FLOAT &&
2878 	     (v->v_ldbl > FLT_MAX || v->v_ldbl < -FLT_MAX)) ||
2879 	    (t == DOUBLE &&
2880 	     (v->v_ldbl > DBL_MAX || v->v_ldbl < -DBL_MAX))) {
2881 		/* floating point overflow detected, op %s */
2882 		warning(142, modtab[tn->tn_op].m_name);
2883 		if (t == FLOAT) {
2884 			v->v_ldbl = v->v_ldbl < 0 ? -FLT_MAX : FLT_MAX;
2885 		} else if (t == DOUBLE) {
2886 			v->v_ldbl = v->v_ldbl < 0 ? -DBL_MAX : DBL_MAX;
2887 		} else {
2888 			v->v_ldbl = v->v_ldbl < 0 ? -LDBL_MAX: LDBL_MAX;
2889 		}
2890 	}
2891 
2892 	return (getcnode(tn->tn_type, v));
2893 }
2894 
2895 /*
2896  * Create a constant node for sizeof.
2897  */
2898 tnode_t *
2899 bldszof(type_t *tp)
2900 {
2901 	int	elem, elsz;
2902 	tspec_t	st;
2903 
2904 	elem = 1;
2905 	while (tp->t_tspec == ARRAY) {
2906 		elem *= tp->t_dim;
2907 		tp = tp->t_subt;
2908 	}
2909 	if (elem == 0) {
2910 		/* cannot take size of incomplete type */
2911 		error(143);
2912 		elem = 1;
2913 	}
2914 	switch (tp->t_tspec) {
2915 	case FUNC:
2916 		/* cannot take size of function */
2917 		error(144);
2918 		elsz = 1;
2919 		break;
2920 	case STRUCT:
2921 	case UNION:
2922 		if (incompl(tp)) {
2923 			/* cannot take size of incomplete type */
2924 			error(143);
2925 			elsz = 1;
2926 		} else {
2927 			elsz = tp->t_str->size;
2928 		}
2929 		break;
2930 	case ENUM:
2931 		if (incompl(tp)) {
2932 			/* cannot take size of incomplete type */
2933 			warning(143);
2934 		}
2935 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2936 	default:
2937 		if (tp->t_isfield) {
2938 			/* cannot take size of bit-field */
2939 			error(145);
2940 		}
2941 		if (tp->t_tspec == VOID) {
2942 			/* cannot take size of void */
2943 			error(146);
2944 			elsz = 1;
2945 		} else {
2946 			elsz = size(tp->t_tspec);
2947 			if (elsz <= 0)
2948 				lerror("bldszof() 1");
2949 		}
2950 		break;
2951 	}
2952 
2953 #if SIZEOF_IS_ULONG
2954 	st = ULONG;
2955 #else
2956 	st = UINT;
2957 #endif
2958 
2959 	return (getinode(st, (quad_t)(elem * elsz / CHAR_BIT)));
2960 }
2961 
2962 /*
2963  * Type casts.
2964  */
2965 tnode_t *
2966 cast(tnode_t *tn, type_t *tp)
2967 {
2968 	tspec_t	nt, ot;
2969 
2970 	if (tn == NULL)
2971 		return (NULL);
2972 
2973 	tn = cconv(tn);
2974 
2975 	nt = tp->t_tspec;
2976 	ot = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
2977 
2978 	if (nt == VOID) {
2979 		/*
2980 		 * XXX ANSI C requires scalar types or void (Plauger&Brodie).
2981 		 * But this seams really questionable.
2982 		 */
2983 	} else if (nt == STRUCT || nt == UNION || nt == ARRAY || nt == FUNC) {
2984 		/* invalid cast expression */
2985 		error(147);
2986 		return (NULL);
2987 	} else if (ot == STRUCT || ot == UNION) {
2988 		/* invalid cast expression */
2989 		error(147);
2990 		return (NULL);
2991 	} else if (ot == VOID) {
2992 		/* improper cast of void expression */
2993 		error(148);
2994 		return (NULL);
2995 	} else if (isityp(nt) && issclt(ot)) {
2996 		/* ok */
2997 	} else if (isftyp(nt) && isatyp(ot)) {
2998 		/* ok */
2999 	} else if (nt == PTR && isityp(ot)) {
3000 		/* ok */
3001 	} else if (nt == PTR && ot == PTR) {
3002 		if (!tp->t_subt->t_const && tn->tn_type->t_subt->t_const) {
3003 			if (hflag)
3004 				/* cast discards 'const' from ... */
3005 				warning(275);
3006 		}
3007 	} else {
3008 		/* invalid cast expression */
3009 		error(147);
3010 		return (NULL);
3011 	}
3012 
3013 	tn = convert(CVT, 0, tp, tn);
3014 	tn->tn_cast = 1;
3015 
3016 	return (tn);
3017 }
3018 
3019 /*
3020  * Create the node for a function argument.
3021  * All necessary conversions and type checks are done in funccall(), because
3022  * in funcarg() we have no information about expected argument types.
3023  */
3024 tnode_t *
3025 funcarg(tnode_t *args, tnode_t *arg)
3026 {
3027 	tnode_t	*ntn;
3028 
3029 	/*
3030 	 * If there was a serious error in the expression for the argument,
3031 	 * create a dummy argument so the positions of the remaining arguments
3032 	 * will not change.
3033 	 */
3034 	if (arg == NULL)
3035 		arg = getinode(INT, (quad_t)0);
3036 
3037 	ntn = mktnode(PUSH, arg->tn_type, arg, args);
3038 
3039 	return (ntn);
3040 }
3041 
3042 /*
3043  * Create the node for a function call. Also check types of
3044  * function arguments and insert conversions, if necessary.
3045  */
3046 tnode_t *
3047 funccall(tnode_t *func, tnode_t *args)
3048 {
3049 	tnode_t	*ntn;
3050 	op_t	fcop;
3051 
3052 	if (func == NULL)
3053 		return (NULL);
3054 
3055 	if (func->tn_op == NAME && func->tn_type->t_tspec == FUNC) {
3056 		fcop = CALL;
3057 	} else {
3058 		fcop = ICALL;
3059 	}
3060 
3061 	/*
3062 	 * after cconv() func will always be a pointer to a function
3063 	 * if it is a valid function designator.
3064 	 */
3065 	func = cconv(func);
3066 
3067 	if (func->tn_type->t_tspec != PTR ||
3068 	    func->tn_type->t_subt->t_tspec != FUNC) {
3069 		/* illegal function */
3070 		error(149);
3071 		return (NULL);
3072 	}
3073 
3074 	args = chkfarg(func->tn_type->t_subt, args);
3075 
3076 	ntn = mktnode(fcop, func->tn_type->t_subt->t_subt, func, args);
3077 
3078 	return (ntn);
3079 }
3080 
3081 /*
3082  * Check types of all function arguments and insert conversions,
3083  * if necessary.
3084  */
3085 static tnode_t *
3086 chkfarg(type_t *ftp, tnode_t *args)
3087 {
3088 	tnode_t	*arg;
3089 	sym_t	*asym;
3090 	tspec_t	at;
3091 	int	narg, npar, n, i;
3092 
3093 	/* get # of args in the prototype */
3094 	npar = 0;
3095 	for (asym = ftp->t_args; asym != NULL; asym = asym->s_nxt)
3096 		npar++;
3097 
3098 	/* get # of args in function call */
3099 	narg = 0;
3100 	for (arg = args; arg != NULL; arg = arg->tn_right)
3101 		narg++;
3102 
3103 	asym = ftp->t_args;
3104 	if (ftp->t_proto && npar != narg && !(ftp->t_vararg && npar < narg)) {
3105 		/* argument mismatch: %d arg%s passed, %d expected */
3106 		error(150, narg, narg > 1 ? "s" : "", npar);
3107 		asym = NULL;
3108 	}
3109 
3110 	for (n = 1; n <= narg; n++) {
3111 
3112 		/*
3113 		 * The rightmost argument is at the top of the argument
3114 		 * subtree.
3115 		 */
3116 		for (i = narg, arg = args; i > n; i--, arg = arg->tn_right)
3117 			continue;
3118 
3119 		/* some things which are always not allowd */
3120 		if ((at = arg->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec) == VOID) {
3121 			/* void expressions may not be arguments, arg #%d */
3122 			error(151, n);
3123 			return (NULL);
3124 		} else if ((at == STRUCT || at == UNION) &&
3125 			   incompl(arg->tn_left->tn_type)) {
3126 			/* argument cannot have unknown size, arg #%d */
3127 			error(152, n);
3128 			return (NULL);
3129 		} else if (isityp(at) && arg->tn_left->tn_type->t_isenum &&
3130 			   incompl(arg->tn_left->tn_type)) {
3131 			/* argument cannot have unknown size, arg #%d */
3132 			warning(152, n);
3133 		}
3134 
3135 		/* class conversions (arg in value context) */
3136 		arg->tn_left = cconv(arg->tn_left);
3137 
3138 		if (asym != NULL) {
3139 			arg->tn_left = parg(n, asym->s_type, arg->tn_left);
3140 		} else {
3141 			arg->tn_left = promote(NOOP, 1, arg->tn_left);
3142 		}
3143 		arg->tn_type = arg->tn_left->tn_type;
3144 
3145 		if (asym != NULL)
3146 			asym = asym->s_nxt;
3147 	}
3148 
3149 	return (args);
3150 }
3151 
3152 /*
3153  * Compare the type of an argument with the corresponding type of a
3154  * prototype parameter. If it is a valid combination, but both types
3155  * are not the same, insert a conversion to convert the argument into
3156  * the type of the parameter.
3157  */
3158 static tnode_t *
3159 parg(	int	n,		/* pos of arg */
3160 	type_t	*tp,		/* expected type (from prototype) */
3161 	tnode_t	*tn)		/* argument */
3162 {
3163 	tnode_t	*ln;
3164 	int	warn;
3165 
3166 	ln = xcalloc(1, sizeof (tnode_t));
3167 	ln->tn_type = tduptyp(tp);
3168 	ln->tn_type->t_const = 0;
3169 	ln->tn_lvalue = 1;
3170 	if (typeok(FARG, n, ln, tn)) {
3171 		if (!eqtype(tp, tn->tn_type, 1, 0, (warn = 0, &warn)) || warn)
3172 			tn = convert(FARG, n, tp, tn);
3173 	}
3174 	free(ln);
3175 	return (tn);
3176 }
3177 
3178 /*
3179  * Return the value of an integral constant expression.
3180  * If the expression is not constant or its type is not an integer
3181  * type, an error message is printed.
3182  */
3183 val_t *
3184 constant(tnode_t *tn)
3185 {
3186 	val_t	*v;
3187 
3188 	if (tn != NULL)
3189 		tn = cconv(tn);
3190 	if (tn != NULL)
3191 		tn = promote(NOOP, 0, tn);
3192 
3193 	v = xcalloc(1, sizeof (val_t));
3194 
3195 	if (tn == NULL) {
3196 		if (nerr == 0)
3197 			lerror("constant() 1");
3198 		v->v_tspec = INT;
3199 		v->v_quad = 1;
3200 		return (v);
3201 	}
3202 
3203 	v->v_tspec = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
3204 
3205 	if (tn->tn_op == CON) {
3206 		if (tn->tn_type->t_tspec != tn->tn_val->v_tspec)
3207 			lerror("constant() 2");
3208 		if (isityp(tn->tn_val->v_tspec)) {
3209 			v->v_ansiu = tn->tn_val->v_ansiu;
3210 			v->v_quad = tn->tn_val->v_quad;
3211 			return (v);
3212 		}
3213 		v->v_quad = tn->tn_val->v_ldbl;
3214 	} else {
3215 		v->v_quad = 1;
3216 	}
3217 
3218 	/* integral constant expression expected */
3219 	error(55);
3220 
3221 	if (!isityp(v->v_tspec))
3222 		v->v_tspec = INT;
3223 
3224 	return (v);
3225 }
3226 
3227 /*
3228  * Perform some tests on expressions which can't be done in build() and
3229  * functions called by build(). These tests must be done here because
3230  * we need some information about the context in which the operations
3231  * are performed.
3232  * After all tests are performed, expr() frees the memory which is used
3233  * for the expression.
3234  */
3235 void
3236 expr(tnode_t *tn, int vctx, int tctx)
3237 {
3238 
3239 	if (tn == NULL && nerr == 0)
3240 		lerror("expr() 1");
3241 
3242 	if (tn == NULL) {
3243 		tfreeblk();
3244 		return;
3245 	}
3246 
3247 	/* expr() is also called in global initialisations */
3248 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN)
3249 		chkreach();
3250 
3251 	chkmisc(tn, vctx, tctx, !tctx, 0, 0, 0);
3252 	if (tn->tn_op == ASSIGN) {
3253 		if (hflag && tctx)
3254 			/* assignment in conditional context */
3255 			warning(159);
3256 	} else if (tn->tn_op == CON) {
3257 		if (hflag && tctx && !ccflg)
3258 			/* constant in conditional context */
3259 			warning(161);
3260 	}
3261 	if (!modtab[tn->tn_op].m_sideeff) {
3262 		/*
3263 		 * for left operands of COMMA this warning is already
3264 		 * printed
3265 		 */
3266 		if (tn->tn_op != COMMA && !vctx && !tctx)
3267 			nulleff(tn);
3268 	}
3269 	if (dflag)
3270 		displexpr(tn, 0);
3271 
3272 	/* free the tree memory */
3273 	tfreeblk();
3274 }
3275 
3276 static void
3277 nulleff(tnode_t *tn)
3278 {
3279 
3280 	if (!hflag)
3281 		return;
3282 
3283 	while (!modtab[tn->tn_op].m_sideeff) {
3284 		if (tn->tn_op == CVT && tn->tn_type->t_tspec == VOID) {
3285 			tn = tn->tn_left;
3286 		} else if (tn->tn_op == LOGAND || tn->tn_op == LOGOR) {
3287 			/*
3288 			 * && and || have a side effect if the right operand
3289 			 * has a side effect.
3290 			 */
3291 			tn = tn->tn_right;
3292 		} else if (tn->tn_op == QUEST) {
3293 			/*
3294 			 * ? has a side effect if at least one of its right
3295 			 * operands has a side effect
3296 			 */
3297 			tn = tn->tn_right;
3298 		} else if (tn->tn_op == COLON || tn->tn_op == COMMA) {
3299 			/*
3300 			 * : has a side effect if at least one of its operands
3301 			 * has a side effect
3302 			 */
3303 			if (modtab[tn->tn_left->tn_op].m_sideeff) {
3304 				tn = tn->tn_left;
3305 			} else if (modtab[tn->tn_right->tn_op].m_sideeff) {
3306 				tn = tn->tn_right;
3307 			} else {
3308 				break;
3309 			}
3310 		} else {
3311 			break;
3312 		}
3313 	}
3314 	if (!modtab[tn->tn_op].m_sideeff)
3315 		/* expression has null effect */
3316 		warning(129);
3317 }
3318 
3319 /*
3320  * Dump an expression to stdout
3321  * only used for debugging
3322  */
3323 static void
3324 displexpr(tnode_t *tn, int offs)
3325 {
3326 	u_quad_t uq;
3327 
3328 	if (tn == NULL) {
3329 		(void)printf("%*s%s\n", offs, "", "NULL");
3330 		return;
3331 	}
3332 	(void)printf("%*sop %s  ", offs, "", modtab[tn->tn_op].m_name);
3333 
3334 	if (tn->tn_op == NAME) {
3335 		(void)printf("%s: %s ",
3336 			     tn->tn_sym->s_name, scltoa(tn->tn_sym->s_scl));
3337 	} else if (tn->tn_op == CON && isftyp(tn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
3338 		(void)printf("%#g ", (double)tn->tn_val->v_ldbl);
3339 	} else if (tn->tn_op == CON && isityp(tn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
3340 		uq = tn->tn_val->v_quad;
3341 		(void)printf("0x %08lx %08lx ", (long)(uq >> 32) & 0xffffffffl,
3342 			     (long)uq & 0xffffffffl);
3343 	} else if (tn->tn_op == CON) {
3344 		if (tn->tn_type->t_tspec != PTR)
3345 			lerror("displexpr() 1");
3346 		(void)printf("0x%0*lx ", (int)(sizeof (void *) * CHAR_BIT / 4),
3347 			     (u_long)tn->tn_val->v_quad);
3348 	} else if (tn->tn_op == STRING) {
3349 		if (tn->tn_strg->st_tspec == CHAR) {
3350 			(void)printf("\"%s\"", tn->tn_strg->st_cp);
3351 		} else {
3352 			char	*s;
3353 			size_t	n;
3354 			n = MB_CUR_MAX * (tn->tn_strg->st_len + 1);
3355 			s = xmalloc(n);
3356 			(void)wcstombs(s, tn->tn_strg->st_wcp, n);
3357 			(void)printf("L\"%s\"", s);
3358 			free(s);
3359 		}
3360 		(void)printf(" ");
3361 	} else if (tn->tn_op == FSEL) {
3362 		(void)printf("o=%d, l=%d ", tn->tn_type->t_foffs,
3363 			     tn->tn_type->t_flen);
3364 	}
3365 	(void)printf("%s\n", ttos(tn->tn_type));
3366 	if (tn->tn_op == NAME || tn->tn_op == CON || tn->tn_op == STRING)
3367 		return;
3368 	displexpr(tn->tn_left, offs + 2);
3369 	if (modtab[tn->tn_op].m_binary ||
3370 	    (tn->tn_op == PUSH && tn->tn_right != NULL)) {
3371 		displexpr(tn->tn_right, offs + 2);
3372 	}
3373 }
3374 
3375 /*
3376  * Called by expr() to recursively perform some tests.
3377  */
3378 /* ARGSUSED */
3379 void
3380 chkmisc(tnode_t *tn, int vctx, int tctx, int eqwarn, int fcall, int rvdisc,
3381 	int szof)
3382 {
3383 	tnode_t	*ln, *rn;
3384 	mod_t	*mp;
3385 	int	nrvdisc, cvctx, ctctx;
3386 	op_t	op;
3387 	scl_t	sc;
3388 	dinfo_t	*di;
3389 
3390 	if (tn == NULL)
3391 		return;
3392 
3393 	ln = tn->tn_left;
3394 	rn = tn->tn_right;
3395 	mp = &modtab[op = tn->tn_op];
3396 
3397 	switch (op) {
3398 	case AMPER:
3399 		if (ln->tn_op == NAME && (reached || rchflg)) {
3400 			if (!szof)
3401 				setsflg(ln->tn_sym);
3402 			setuflg(ln->tn_sym, fcall, szof);
3403 		}
3404 		if (ln->tn_op == STAR && ln->tn_left->tn_op == PLUS)
3405 			/* check the range of array indices */
3406 			chkaidx(ln->tn_left, 1);
3407 		break;
3408 	case LOAD:
3409 		if (ln->tn_op == STAR && ln->tn_left->tn_op == PLUS)
3410 			/* check the range of array indices */
3411 			chkaidx(ln->tn_left, 0);
3412 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3413 	case PUSH:
3414 	case INCBEF:
3415 	case DECBEF:
3416 	case INCAFT:
3417 	case DECAFT:
3418 	case ADDASS:
3419 	case SUBASS:
3420 	case MULASS:
3421 	case DIVASS:
3422 	case MODASS:
3423 	case ANDASS:
3424 	case ORASS:
3425 	case XORASS:
3426 	case SHLASS:
3427 	case SHRASS:
3428 		if (ln->tn_op == NAME && (reached || rchflg)) {
3429 			sc = ln->tn_sym->s_scl;
3430 			/*
3431 			 * Look if there was a asm statement in one of the
3432 			 * compound statements we are in. If not, we don't
3433 			 * print a warning.
3434 			 */
3435 			for (di = dcs; di != NULL; di = di->d_nxt) {
3436 				if (di->d_asm)
3437 					break;
3438 			}
3439 			if (sc != EXTERN && sc != STATIC &&
3440 			    !ln->tn_sym->s_set && !szof && di == NULL) {
3441 				/* %s may be used before set */
3442 				warning(158, ln->tn_sym->s_name);
3443 				setsflg(ln->tn_sym);
3444 			}
3445 			setuflg(ln->tn_sym, 0, 0);
3446 		}
3447 		break;
3448 	case ASSIGN:
3449 		if (ln->tn_op == NAME && !szof && (reached || rchflg)) {
3450 			setsflg(ln->tn_sym);
3451 			if (ln->tn_sym->s_scl == EXTERN)
3452 				outusg(ln->tn_sym);
3453 		}
3454 		if (ln->tn_op == STAR && ln->tn_left->tn_op == PLUS)
3455 			/* check the range of array indices */
3456 			chkaidx(ln->tn_left, 0);
3457 		break;
3458 	case CALL:
3459 		if (ln->tn_op != AMPER || ln->tn_left->tn_op != NAME)
3460 			lerror("chkmisc() 1");
3461 		if (!szof)
3462 			outcall(tn, vctx || tctx, rvdisc);
3463 		break;
3464 	case EQ:
3465 		/* equality operator "==" found where "=" was exp. */
3466 		if (hflag && eqwarn)
3467 			warning(160);
3468 		break;
3469 	case CON:
3470 	case NAME:
3471 	case STRING:
3472 		return;
3473 		/* LINTED (enumeration values not handled in switch) */
3474 	case OR:
3475 	case XOR:
3476 	case NE:
3477 	case GE:
3478 	case GT:
3479 	case LE:
3480 	case LT:
3481 	case SHR:
3482 	case SHL:
3483 	case MINUS:
3484 	case PLUS:
3485 	case MOD:
3486 	case DIV:
3487 	case MULT:
3488 	case STAR:
3489 	case UMINUS:
3490 	case UPLUS:
3491 	case DEC:
3492 	case INC:
3493 	case COMPL:
3494 	case NOT:
3495 	case POINT:
3496 	case ARROW:
3497 	case NOOP:
3498 	case AND:
3499 	case FARG:
3500 	case CASE:
3501 	case INIT:
3502 	case RETURN:
3503 	case ICALL:
3504 	case CVT:
3505 	case COMMA:
3506 	case FSEL:
3507 	case COLON:
3508 	case QUEST:
3509 	case LOGOR:
3510 	case LOGAND:
3511 		break;
3512 	}
3513 
3514 	cvctx = mp->m_vctx;
3515 	ctctx = mp->m_tctx;
3516 	/*
3517 	 * values of operands of ':' are not used if the type of at least
3518 	 * one of the operands (for gcc compatibility) is void
3519 	 * XXX test/value context of QUEST should probably be used as
3520 	 * context for both operands of COLON
3521 	 */
3522 	if (op == COLON && tn->tn_type->t_tspec == VOID)
3523 		cvctx = ctctx = 0;
3524 	nrvdisc = op == CVT && tn->tn_type->t_tspec == VOID;
3525 	chkmisc(ln, cvctx, ctctx, mp->m_eqwarn, op == CALL, nrvdisc, szof);
3526 
3527 	switch (op) {
3528 	case PUSH:
3529 		if (rn != NULL)
3530 			chkmisc(rn, 0, 0, mp->m_eqwarn, 0, 0, szof);
3531 		break;
3532 	case LOGAND:
3533 	case LOGOR:
3534 		chkmisc(rn, 0, 1, mp->m_eqwarn, 0, 0, szof);
3535 		break;
3536 	case COLON:
3537 		chkmisc(rn, cvctx, ctctx, mp->m_eqwarn, 0, 0, szof);
3538 		break;
3539 	case COMMA:
3540 		chkmisc(rn, vctx, tctx, mp->m_eqwarn, 0, 0, szof);
3541 		break;
3542 	default:
3543 		if (mp->m_binary)
3544 			chkmisc(rn, 1, 0, mp->m_eqwarn, 0, 0, szof);
3545 		break;
3546 	}
3547 
3548 }
3549 
3550 /*
3551  * Checks the range of array indices, if possible.
3552  * amper is set if only the address of the element is used. This
3553  * means that the index is allowd to refere to the first element
3554  * after the array.
3555  */
3556 static void
3557 chkaidx(tnode_t *tn, int amper)
3558 {
3559 	int	dim;
3560 	tnode_t	*ln, *rn;
3561 	int	elsz;
3562 	quad_t	con;
3563 
3564 	ln = tn->tn_left;
3565 	rn = tn->tn_right;
3566 
3567 	/* We can only check constant indices. */
3568 	if (rn->tn_op != CON)
3569 		return;
3570 
3571 	/* Return if the left node does not stem from an array. */
3572 	if (ln->tn_op != AMPER)
3573 		return;
3574 	if (ln->tn_left->tn_op != STRING && ln->tn_left->tn_op != NAME)
3575 		return;
3576 	if (ln->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec != ARRAY)
3577 		return;
3578 
3579 	/*
3580 	 * For incomplete array types, we can print a warning only if
3581 	 * the index is negative.
3582 	 */
3583 	if (incompl(ln->tn_left->tn_type) && rn->tn_val->v_quad >= 0)
3584 		return;
3585 
3586 	/* Get the size of one array element */
3587 	if ((elsz = length(ln->tn_type->t_subt, NULL)) == 0)
3588 		return;
3589 	elsz /= CHAR_BIT;
3590 
3591 	/* Change the unit of the index from bytes to element size. */
3592 	if (isutyp(rn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
3593 		con = (u_quad_t)rn->tn_val->v_quad / elsz;
3594 	} else {
3595 		con = rn->tn_val->v_quad / elsz;
3596 	}
3597 
3598 	dim = ln->tn_left->tn_type->t_dim + (amper ? 1 : 0);
3599 
3600 	if (!isutyp(rn->tn_type->t_tspec) && con < 0) {
3601 		/* array subscript cannot be negative: %ld */
3602 		warning(167, (long)con);
3603 	} else if (dim > 0 && (u_quad_t)con >= dim) {
3604 		/* array subscript cannot be > %d: %ld */
3605 		warning(168, dim - 1, (long)con);
3606 	}
3607 }
3608 
3609 /*
3610  * Check for ordered comparisons of unsigned values with 0.
3611  */
3612 static void
3613 chkcomp(op_t op, tnode_t *ln, tnode_t *rn)
3614 {
3615 	tspec_t	lt, rt;
3616 	mod_t	*mp;
3617 
3618 	lt = ln->tn_type->t_tspec;
3619 	rt = rn->tn_type->t_tspec;
3620 	mp = &modtab[op];
3621 
3622 	if (ln->tn_op != CON && rn->tn_op != CON)
3623 		return;
3624 
3625 	if (!isityp(lt) || !isityp(rt))
3626 		return;
3627 
3628 	if ((hflag || pflag) && lt == CHAR && rn->tn_op == CON &&
3629 	    (rn->tn_val->v_quad < 0 ||
3630 	     rn->tn_val->v_quad > ~(~0 << (CHAR_BIT - 1)))) {
3631 		/* nonportable character comparison, op %s */
3632 		warning(230, mp->m_name);
3633 		return;
3634 	}
3635 	if ((hflag || pflag) && rt == CHAR && ln->tn_op == CON &&
3636 	    (ln->tn_val->v_quad < 0 ||
3637 	     ln->tn_val->v_quad > ~(~0 << (CHAR_BIT - 1)))) {
3638 		/* nonportable character comparison, op %s */
3639 		warning(230, mp->m_name);
3640 		return;
3641 	}
3642 	if (isutyp(lt) && !isutyp(rt) &&
3643 	    rn->tn_op == CON && rn->tn_val->v_quad <= 0) {
3644 		if (rn->tn_val->v_quad < 0) {
3645 			/* comparison of %s with %s, op %s */
3646 			warning(162, tyname(ln->tn_type), "negative constant",
3647 				mp->m_name);
3648 		} else if (op == LT || op == GE || (hflag && op == LE)) {
3649 			/* comparison of %s with %s, op %s */
3650 			warning(162, tyname(ln->tn_type), "0", mp->m_name);
3651 		}
3652 		return;
3653 	}
3654 	if (isutyp(rt) && !isutyp(lt) &&
3655 	    ln->tn_op == CON && ln->tn_val->v_quad <= 0) {
3656 		if (ln->tn_val->v_quad < 0) {
3657 			/* comparison of %s with %s, op %s */
3658 			warning(162, "negative constant", tyname(rn->tn_type),
3659 				mp->m_name);
3660 		} else if (op == GT || op == LE || (hflag && op == GE)) {
3661 			/* comparison of %s with %s, op %s */
3662 			warning(162, "0", tyname(rn->tn_type), mp->m_name);
3663 		}
3664 		return;
3665 	}
3666 }
3667 
3668 /*
3669  * Takes an expression an returns 0 if this expression can be used
3670  * for static initialisation, otherwise -1.
3671  *
3672  * Constant initialisation expressions must be costant or an address
3673  * of a static object with an optional offset. In the first case,
3674  * the result is returned in *offsp. In the second case, the static
3675  * object is returned in *symp and the offset in *offsp.
3676  *
3677  * The expression can consist of PLUS, MINUS, AMPER, NAME, STRING and
3678  * CON. Type conversions are allowed if they do not change binary
3679  * representation (including width).
3680  */
3681 int
3682 conaddr(tnode_t *tn, sym_t **symp, ptrdiff_t *offsp)
3683 {
3684 	sym_t	*sym;
3685 	ptrdiff_t offs1, offs2;
3686 	tspec_t	t, ot;
3687 
3688 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
3689 	case MINUS:
3690 		if (tn->tn_right->tn_op != CON)
3691 			return (-1);
3692 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3693 	case PLUS:
3694 		offs1 = offs2 = 0;
3695 		if (tn->tn_left->tn_op == CON) {
3696 			offs1 = (ptrdiff_t)tn->tn_left->tn_val->v_quad;
3697 			if (conaddr(tn->tn_right, &sym, &offs2) == -1)
3698 				return (-1);
3699 		} else if (tn->tn_right->tn_op == CON) {
3700 			offs2 = (ptrdiff_t)tn->tn_right->tn_val->v_quad;
3701 			if (tn->tn_op == MINUS)
3702 				offs2 = -offs2;
3703 			if (conaddr(tn->tn_left, &sym, &offs1) == -1)
3704 				return (-1);
3705 		} else {
3706 			return (-1);
3707 		}
3708 		*symp = sym;
3709 		*offsp = offs1 + offs2;
3710 		break;
3711 	case AMPER:
3712 		if (tn->tn_left->tn_op == NAME) {
3713 			*symp = tn->tn_left->tn_sym;
3714 			*offsp = 0;
3715 		} else if (tn->tn_left->tn_op == STRING) {
3716 			/*
3717 			 * If this would be the front end of a compiler we
3718 			 * would return a label instead of 0.
3719 			 */
3720 			*offsp = 0;
3721 		}
3722 		break;
3723 	case CVT:
3724 		t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
3725 		ot = tn->tn_left->tn_type->t_tspec;
3726 		if ((!isityp(t) && t != PTR) || (!isityp(ot) && ot != PTR)) {
3727 			return (-1);
3728 		} else if (psize(t) != psize(ot)) {
3729 			return (-1);
3730 		}
3731 		if (conaddr(tn->tn_left, symp, offsp) == -1)
3732 			return (-1);
3733 		break;
3734 	default:
3735 		return (-1);
3736 	}
3737 	return (0);
3738 }
3739 
3740 /*
3741  * Concatenate two string constants.
3742  */
3743 strg_t *
3744 catstrg(strg_t *strg1, strg_t *strg2)
3745 {
3746 	size_t	len1, len2, len;
3747 
3748 	if (strg1->st_tspec != strg2->st_tspec) {
3749 		/* cannot concatenate wide and regular string literals */
3750 		error(292);
3751 		return (strg1);
3752 	}
3753 
3754 	len = (len1 = strg1->st_len) + (len2 = strg2->st_len);
3755 
3756 	if (strg1->st_tspec == CHAR) {
3757 		strg1->st_cp = xrealloc(strg1->st_cp, len + 1);
3758 		(void)memcpy(strg1->st_cp + len1, strg2->st_cp, len2 + 1);
3759 		free(strg2->st_cp);
3760 	} else {
3761 		strg1->st_wcp = xrealloc(strg1->st_wcp,
3762 					 (len + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t));
3763 		(void)memcpy(strg1->st_wcp + len1, strg2->st_wcp,
3764 			     (len2 + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t));
3765 		free(strg2->st_wcp);
3766 	}
3767 	free(strg2);
3768 
3769 	return (strg1);
3770 }
3771 
3772 /*
3773  * Print a warning if the given node has operands which should be
3774  * parenthesized.
3775  *
3776  * XXX Does not work if an operand is a constant expression. Constant
3777  * expressions are already folded.
3778  */
3779 static void
3780 precconf(tnode_t *tn)
3781 {
3782 	tnode_t	*ln, *rn;
3783 	op_t	lop, rop = NOOP;
3784 	int	lparn, rparn = 0;
3785 	mod_t	*mp;
3786 	int	warn;
3787 
3788 	if (!hflag)
3789 		return;
3790 
3791 	mp = &modtab[tn->tn_op];
3792 
3793 	lparn = 0;
3794 	for (ln = tn->tn_left; ln->tn_op == CVT; ln = ln->tn_left)
3795 		lparn |= ln->tn_parn;
3796 	lparn |= ln->tn_parn;
3797 	lop = ln->tn_op;
3798 
3799 	if (mp->m_binary) {
3800 		rparn = 0;
3801 		for (rn = tn->tn_right; tn->tn_op == CVT; rn = rn->tn_left)
3802 			rparn |= rn->tn_parn;
3803 		rparn |= rn->tn_parn;
3804 		rop = rn->tn_op;
3805 	}
3806 
3807 	warn = 0;
3808 
3809 	switch (tn->tn_op) {
3810 	case SHL:
3811 	case SHR:
3812 		if (!lparn && (lop == PLUS || lop == MINUS)) {
3813 			warn = 1;
3814 		} else if (!rparn && (rop == PLUS || rop == MINUS)) {
3815 			warn = 1;
3816 		}
3817 		break;
3818 	case LOGOR:
3819 		if (!lparn && lop == LOGAND) {
3820 			warn = 1;
3821 		} else if (!rparn && rop == LOGAND) {
3822 			warn = 1;
3823 		}
3824 		break;
3825 	case AND:
3826 	case XOR:
3827 	case OR:
3828 		if (!lparn && lop != tn->tn_op) {
3829 			if (lop == PLUS || lop == MINUS) {
3830 				warn = 1;
3831 			} else if (lop == AND || lop == XOR) {
3832 				warn = 1;
3833 			}
3834 		}
3835 		if (!warn && !rparn && rop != tn->tn_op) {
3836 			if (rop == PLUS || rop == MINUS) {
3837 				warn = 1;
3838 			} else if (rop == AND || rop == XOR) {
3839 				warn = 1;
3840 			}
3841 		}
3842 		break;
3843 		/* LINTED (enumeration values not handled in switch) */
3844 	case DECAFT:
3845 	case XORASS:
3846 	case SHLASS:
3847 	case NOOP:
3848 	case ARROW:
3849 	case ORASS:
3850 	case POINT:
3851 	case NAME:
3852 	case NOT:
3853 	case COMPL:
3854 	case CON:
3855 	case INC:
3856 	case STRING:
3857 	case DEC:
3858 	case INCBEF:
3859 	case DECBEF:
3860 	case INCAFT:
3861 	case FSEL:
3862 	case CALL:
3863 	case COMMA:
3864 	case CVT:
3865 	case ICALL:
3866 	case LOAD:
3867 	case PUSH:
3868 	case RETURN:
3869 	case INIT:
3870 	case CASE:
3871 	case FARG:
3872 	case SUBASS:
3873 	case ADDASS:
3874 	case MODASS:
3875 	case DIVASS:
3876 	case MULASS:
3877 	case ASSIGN:
3878 	case COLON:
3879 	case QUEST:
3880 	case LOGAND:
3881 	case NE:
3882 	case EQ:
3883 	case GE:
3884 	case GT:
3885 	case LE:
3886 	case LT:
3887 	case MINUS:
3888 	case PLUS:
3889 	case MOD:
3890 	case DIV:
3891 	case MULT:
3892 	case AMPER:
3893 	case STAR:
3894 	case UMINUS:
3895 	case SHRASS:
3896 	case UPLUS:
3897 	case ANDASS:
3898 		break;
3899 	}
3900 
3901 	if (warn) {
3902 		/* precedence confusion possible: parenthesize! */
3903 		warning(169);
3904 	}
3905 
3906 }
3907