xref: /netbsd-src/usr.bin/xlint/lint1/func.c (revision 9fb66d812c00ebfb445c0b47dea128f32aa6fe96)
1 /*	$NetBSD: func.c,v 1.103 2021/04/10 18:06:53 rillig Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Jochen Pohl
5  * All Rights Reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
17  *      This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for
18  *	The NetBSD Project.
19  * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
20  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
24  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
25  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
26  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
27  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
28  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
29  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
30  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
31  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
35 #include "nbtool_config.h"
36 #endif
37 
38 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
39 #if defined(__RCSID) && !defined(lint)
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: func.c,v 1.103 2021/04/10 18:06:53 rillig Exp $");
41 #endif
42 
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include <string.h>
45 
46 #include "lint1.h"
47 #include "cgram.h"
48 
49 /*
50  * Contains a pointer to the symbol table entry of the current function
51  * definition.
52  */
53 sym_t	*funcsym;
54 
55 /* Is set as long as a statement can be reached. Must be set at level 0. */
56 bool	reached = true;
57 
58 /*
59  * Is true by default, can be cleared by NOTREACHED.
60  * Is reset to true whenever 'reached' changes.
61  */
62 bool	warn_about_unreachable;
63 
64 /*
65  * In conjunction with 'reached', controls printing of "fallthrough on ..."
66  * warnings.
67  * Reset by each statement and set by FALLTHROUGH, switch (switch1())
68  * and case (label()).
69  *
70  * Control statements if, for, while and switch do not reset seen_fallthrough
71  * because this must be done by the controlled statement. At least for if this
72  * is important because ** FALLTHROUGH ** after "if (expr) statement" is
73  * evaluated before the following token, which causes reduction of above.
74  * This means that ** FALLTHROUGH ** after "if ..." would always be ignored.
75  */
76 bool	seen_fallthrough;
77 
78 /* The innermost control statement */
79 cstk_t	*cstmt;
80 
81 /*
82  * Number of arguments which will be checked for usage in following
83  * function definition. -1 stands for all arguments.
84  *
85  * The position of the last ARGSUSED comment is stored in argsused_pos.
86  */
87 int	nargusg = -1;
88 pos_t	argsused_pos;
89 
90 /*
91  * Number of arguments of the following function definition whose types
92  * shall be checked by lint2. -1 stands for all arguments.
93  *
94  * The position of the last VARARGS comment is stored in vapos.
95  */
96 int	nvararg = -1;
97 pos_t	vapos;
98 
99 /*
100  * Both printflike_argnum and scanflike_argnum contain the 1-based number
101  * of the string argument which shall be used to check the types of remaining
102  * arguments (for PRINTFLIKE and SCANFLIKE).
103  *
104  * printflike_pos and scanflike_pos are the positions of the last PRINTFLIKE
105  * or SCANFLIKE comment.
106  */
107 int	printflike_argnum = -1;
108 int	scanflike_argnum = -1;
109 pos_t	printflike_pos;
110 pos_t	scanflike_pos;
111 
112 /*
113  * If both plibflg and llibflg are set, prototypes are written as function
114  * definitions to the output file.
115  */
116 bool	plibflg;
117 
118 /*
119  * True means that no warnings about constants in conditional
120  * context are printed.
121  */
122 bool	constcond_flag;
123 
124 /*
125  * llibflg is set if a lint library shall be created. The effect of
126  * llibflg is that all defined symbols are treated as used.
127  * (The LINTLIBRARY comment also resets vflag.)
128  */
129 bool	llibflg;
130 
131 /*
132  * Nonzero if warnings are suppressed by a LINTED directive
133  * LWARN_BAD:	error
134  * LWARN_ALL:	warnings on
135  * LWARN_NONE:	all warnings ignored
136  * 0..n: warning n ignored
137  */
138 int	lwarn = LWARN_ALL;
139 
140 /*
141  * Whether bitfield type errors are suppressed by a BITFIELDTYPE
142  * directive.
143  */
144 bool	bitfieldtype_ok;
145 
146 /*
147  * Whether complaints about use of "long long" are suppressed in
148  * the next statement or declaration.
149  */
150 bool	quadflg;
151 
152 /*
153  * Puts a new element at the top of the stack used for control statements.
154  */
155 void
156 begin_control_statement(control_statement_kind kind)
157 {
158 	cstk_t	*ci;
159 
160 	ci = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ci));
161 	ci->c_kind = kind;
162 	ci->c_surrounding = cstmt;
163 	cstmt = ci;
164 }
165 
166 /*
167  * Removes the top element of the stack used for control statements.
168  */
169 void
170 end_control_statement(control_statement_kind kind)
171 {
172 	cstk_t	*ci;
173 	case_label_t *cl, *next;
174 
175 	lint_assert(cstmt != NULL);
176 	lint_assert(cstmt->c_kind == kind);
177 
178 	ci = cstmt;
179 	cstmt = ci->c_surrounding;
180 
181 	for (cl = ci->c_case_labels; cl != NULL; cl = next) {
182 		next = cl->cl_next;
183 		free(cl);
184 	}
185 
186 	free(ci->c_switch_type);
187 	free(ci);
188 }
189 
190 static void
191 set_reached(bool new_reached)
192 {
193 	reached = new_reached;
194 	warn_about_unreachable = true;
195 }
196 
197 /*
198  * Prints a warning if a statement cannot be reached.
199  */
200 void
201 check_statement_reachable(void)
202 {
203 	if (!reached && warn_about_unreachable) {
204 		/* statement not reached */
205 		warning(193);
206 		warn_about_unreachable = false;
207 	}
208 }
209 
210 /*
211  * Called after a function declaration which introduces a function definition
212  * and before an (optional) old style argument declaration list.
213  *
214  * Puts all symbols declared in the prototype or in an old style argument
215  * list back to the symbol table.
216  *
217  * Does the usual checking of storage class, type (return value),
218  * redeclaration, etc.
219  */
220 void
221 funcdef(sym_t *fsym)
222 {
223 	int	n;
224 	bool	dowarn;
225 	sym_t	*arg, *sym, *rdsym;
226 
227 	funcsym = fsym;
228 
229 	/*
230 	 * Put all symbols declared in the argument list back to the
231 	 * symbol table.
232 	 */
233 	for (sym = dcs->d_func_proto_syms; sym != NULL; sym = sym->s_dlnxt) {
234 		if (sym->s_block_level != -1) {
235 			lint_assert(sym->s_block_level == 1);
236 			inssym(1, sym);
237 		}
238 	}
239 
240 	/*
241 	 * In old_style_function() we did not know whether it is an old
242 	 * style function definition or only an old style declaration,
243 	 * if there are no arguments inside the argument list ("f()").
244 	 */
245 	if (!fsym->s_type->t_proto && fsym->s_args == NULL)
246 		fsym->s_osdef = true;
247 
248 	check_type(fsym);
249 
250 	/*
251 	 * check_type() checks for almost all possible errors, but not for
252 	 * incomplete return values (these are allowed in declarations)
253 	 */
254 	if (fsym->s_type->t_subt->t_tspec != VOID &&
255 	    is_incomplete(fsym->s_type->t_subt)) {
256 		/* cannot return incomplete type */
257 		error(67);
258 	}
259 
260 	fsym->s_def = DEF;
261 
262 	if (fsym->s_scl == TYPEDEF) {
263 		fsym->s_scl = EXTERN;
264 		/* illegal storage class */
265 		error(8);
266 	}
267 
268 	if (dcs->d_inline)
269 		fsym->s_inline = true;
270 
271 	/*
272 	 * Arguments in new style function declarations need a name.
273 	 * (void is already removed from the list of arguments)
274 	 */
275 	n = 1;
276 	for (arg = fsym->s_type->t_args; arg != NULL; arg = arg->s_next) {
277 		if (arg->s_scl == ABSTRACT) {
278 			lint_assert(arg->s_name == unnamed);
279 			/* formal parameter lacks name: param #%d */
280 			error(59, n);
281 		} else {
282 			lint_assert(arg->s_name != unnamed);
283 		}
284 		n++;
285 	}
286 
287 	/*
288 	 * We must also remember the position. s_def_pos is overwritten
289 	 * if this is an old style definition and we had already a
290 	 * prototype.
291 	 */
292 	dcs->d_func_def_pos = fsym->s_def_pos;
293 
294 	if ((rdsym = dcs->d_redeclared_symbol) != NULL) {
295 
296 		if (!check_redeclaration(fsym, (dowarn = false, &dowarn))) {
297 
298 			/*
299 			 * Print nothing if the newly defined function
300 			 * is defined in old style. A better warning will
301 			 * be printed in check_func_lint_directives().
302 			 */
303 			if (dowarn && !fsym->s_osdef) {
304 				if (sflag)
305 					/* redeclaration of %s */
306 					error(27, fsym->s_name);
307 				else
308 					/* redeclaration of %s */
309 					warning(27, fsym->s_name);
310 				print_previous_declaration(-1, rdsym);
311 			}
312 
313 			copy_usage_info(fsym, rdsym);
314 
315 			/*
316 			 * If the old symbol was a prototype and the new
317 			 * one is none, overtake the position of the
318 			 * declaration of the prototype.
319 			 */
320 			if (fsym->s_osdef && rdsym->s_type->t_proto)
321 				fsym->s_def_pos = rdsym->s_def_pos;
322 
323 			complete_type(fsym, rdsym);
324 
325 			if (rdsym->s_inline)
326 				fsym->s_inline = true;
327 
328 		}
329 
330 		/* remove the old symbol from the symbol table */
331 		rmsym(rdsym);
332 
333 	}
334 
335 	if (fsym->s_osdef && !fsym->s_type->t_proto) {
336 		if (sflag && hflag && strcmp(fsym->s_name, "main") != 0)
337 			/* function definition is not a prototype */
338 			warning(286);
339 	}
340 
341 	if (dcs->d_notyp)
342 		fsym->s_return_type_implicit_int = true;
343 
344 	set_reached(true);
345 }
346 
347 static void
348 check_missing_return_value(void)
349 {
350 	if (funcsym->s_type->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID)
351 		return;
352 	if (funcsym->s_return_type_implicit_int)
353 		return;
354 
355 	/* C99 5.1.2.2.3 "Program termination" p1 */
356 	if (Sflag && strcmp(funcsym->s_name, "main") == 0)
357 		return;
358 
359 	/* function %s falls off bottom without returning value */
360 	warning(217, funcsym->s_name);
361 }
362 
363 /*
364  * Called at the end of a function definition.
365  */
366 void
367 funcend(void)
368 {
369 	sym_t	*arg;
370 	int	n;
371 
372 	if (reached) {
373 		cstmt->c_had_return_noval = true;
374 		check_missing_return_value();
375 	}
376 
377 	/*
378 	 * This warning is printed only if the return value was implicitly
379 	 * declared to be int. Otherwise the wrong return statement
380 	 * has already printed a warning.
381 	 */
382 	if (cstmt->c_had_return_noval && cstmt->c_had_return_value &&
383 	    funcsym->s_return_type_implicit_int)
384 		/* function %s has return (e); and return; */
385 		warning(216, funcsym->s_name);
386 
387 	/* Print warnings for unused arguments */
388 	arg = dcs->d_func_args;
389 	n = 0;
390 	while (arg != NULL && (nargusg == -1 || n < nargusg)) {
391 		check_usage_sym(dcs->d_asm, arg);
392 		arg = arg->s_next;
393 		n++;
394 	}
395 	nargusg = -1;
396 
397 	/*
398 	 * write the information about the function definition to the
399 	 * output file
400 	 * inline functions explicitly declared extern are written as
401 	 * declarations only.
402 	 */
403 	if (dcs->d_scl == EXTERN && funcsym->s_inline) {
404 		outsym(funcsym, funcsym->s_scl, DECL);
405 	} else {
406 		outfdef(funcsym, &dcs->d_func_def_pos,
407 		    cstmt->c_had_return_value, funcsym->s_osdef,
408 		    dcs->d_func_args);
409 	}
410 
411 	/*
412 	 * remove all symbols declared during argument declaration from
413 	 * the symbol table
414 	 */
415 	lint_assert(dcs->d_next == NULL);
416 	lint_assert(dcs->d_ctx == EXTERN);
417 	rmsyms(dcs->d_func_proto_syms);
418 
419 	/* must be set on level 0 */
420 	set_reached(true);
421 }
422 
423 void
424 named_label(sym_t *sym)
425 {
426 
427 	if (sym->s_set) {
428 		/* label %s redefined */
429 		error(194, sym->s_name);
430 	} else {
431 		mark_as_set(sym);
432 	}
433 
434 	set_reached(true);
435 }
436 
437 static void
438 check_case_label_enum(const tnode_t *tn, const cstk_t *ci)
439 {
440 	/* similar to typeok_enum in tree.c */
441 
442 	if (!(tn->tn_type->t_is_enum || ci->c_switch_type->t_is_enum))
443 		return;
444 	if (tn->tn_type->t_is_enum && ci->c_switch_type->t_is_enum &&
445 	    tn->tn_type->t_enum == ci->c_switch_type->t_enum)
446 		return;
447 
448 #if 0 /* not yet ready, see msg_130.c */
449 	/* enum type mismatch: '%s' '%s' '%s' */
450 	warning(130, type_name(ci->c_switch_type), op_name(EQ),
451 	    type_name(tn->tn_type));
452 #endif
453 }
454 
455 static void
456 check_case_label(tnode_t *tn, cstk_t *ci)
457 {
458 	case_label_t *cl;
459 	val_t	*v;
460 	val_t	nv;
461 	tspec_t	t;
462 
463 	if (ci == NULL) {
464 		/* case not in switch */
465 		error(195);
466 		return;
467 	}
468 
469 	if (tn != NULL && tn->tn_op != CON) {
470 		/* non-constant case expression */
471 		error(197);
472 		return;
473 	}
474 
475 	if (tn != NULL && !is_integer(tn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
476 		/* non-integral case expression */
477 		error(198);
478 		return;
479 	}
480 
481 	check_case_label_enum(tn, ci);
482 
483 	lint_assert(ci->c_switch_type != NULL);
484 
485 	if (reached && !seen_fallthrough) {
486 		if (hflag)
487 			/* fallthrough on case statement */
488 			warning(220);
489 	}
490 
491 	t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
492 	if (t == LONG || t == ULONG ||
493 	    t == QUAD || t == UQUAD) {
494 		if (tflag)
495 			/* case label must be of type `int' in traditional C */
496 			warning(203);
497 	}
498 
499 	/*
500 	 * get the value of the expression and convert it
501 	 * to the type of the switch expression
502 	 */
503 	v = constant(tn, true);
504 	(void)memset(&nv, 0, sizeof(nv));
505 	convert_constant(CASE, 0, ci->c_switch_type, &nv, v);
506 	free(v);
507 
508 	/* look if we had this value already */
509 	for (cl = ci->c_case_labels; cl != NULL; cl = cl->cl_next) {
510 		if (cl->cl_val.v_quad == nv.v_quad)
511 			break;
512 	}
513 	if (cl != NULL && is_uinteger(nv.v_tspec)) {
514 		/* duplicate case in switch: %lu */
515 		error(200, (u_long)nv.v_quad);
516 	} else if (cl != NULL) {
517 		/* duplicate case in switch: %ld */
518 		error(199, (long)nv.v_quad);
519 	} else {
520 		check_getopt_case_label(nv.v_quad);
521 
522 		/* append the value to the list of case values */
523 		cl = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*cl));
524 		cl->cl_val = nv;
525 		cl->cl_next = ci->c_case_labels;
526 		ci->c_case_labels = cl;
527 	}
528 }
529 
530 void
531 case_label(tnode_t *tn)
532 {
533 	cstk_t	*ci;
534 
535 	/* find the innermost switch statement */
536 	for (ci = cstmt; ci != NULL && !ci->c_switch; ci = ci->c_surrounding)
537 		continue;
538 
539 	check_case_label(tn, ci);
540 
541 	expr_free_all();
542 
543 	set_reached(true);
544 }
545 
546 void
547 default_label(void)
548 {
549 	cstk_t	*ci;
550 
551 	/* find the innermost switch statement */
552 	for (ci = cstmt; ci != NULL && !ci->c_switch; ci = ci->c_surrounding)
553 		continue;
554 
555 	if (ci == NULL) {
556 		/* default outside switch */
557 		error(201);
558 	} else if (ci->c_default) {
559 		/* duplicate default in switch */
560 		error(202);
561 	} else {
562 		if (reached && !seen_fallthrough) {
563 			if (hflag)
564 				/* fallthrough on default statement */
565 				warning(284);
566 		}
567 		ci->c_default = true;
568 	}
569 
570 	set_reached(true);
571 }
572 
573 static tnode_t *
574 check_controlling_expression(tnode_t *tn)
575 {
576 
577 	if (tn != NULL)
578 		tn = cconv(tn);
579 	if (tn != NULL)
580 		tn = promote(NOOP, false, tn);
581 
582 	if (tn != NULL && !is_scalar(tn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
583 		/* C99 6.5.15p4 for the ?: operator; see typeok:QUEST */
584 		/* C99 6.8.4.1p1 for if statements */
585 		/* C99 6.8.5p2 for while, do and for loops */
586 		/* controlling expressions must have scalar type */
587 		error(204);
588 		return NULL;
589 	}
590 
591 	if (tn != NULL && Tflag && !is_typeok_bool_operand(tn)) {
592 		/* controlling expression must be bool, not '%s' */
593 		error(333, tspec_name(tn->tn_type->t_tspec));
594 		return NULL;
595 	}
596 
597 	return tn;
598 }
599 
600 /*
601  * T_IF T_LPAREN expr T_RPAREN
602  */
603 void
604 if1(tnode_t *tn)
605 {
606 
607 	if (tn != NULL)
608 		tn = check_controlling_expression(tn);
609 	if (tn != NULL)
610 		expr(tn, false, true, false, false);
611 	begin_control_statement(CS_IF);
612 
613 	if (tn != NULL && tn->tn_op == CON && !tn->tn_system_dependent) {
614 		/* XXX: what if inside 'if (0)'? */
615 		set_reached(constant_is_nonzero(tn));
616 		/* XXX: what about always_else? */
617 		cstmt->c_always_then = reached;
618 	}
619 }
620 
621 /*
622  * if_without_else
623  * if_without_else T_ELSE
624  */
625 void
626 if2(void)
627 {
628 
629 	cstmt->c_reached_end_of_then = reached;
630 	/* XXX: what if inside 'if (0)'? */
631 	set_reached(!cstmt->c_always_then);
632 }
633 
634 /*
635  * if_without_else
636  * if_without_else T_ELSE statement
637  */
638 void
639 if3(bool els)
640 {
641 	if (cstmt->c_reached_end_of_then)
642 		set_reached(true);
643 	else if (cstmt->c_always_then)
644 		set_reached(false);
645 	else if (!els)
646 		set_reached(true);
647 
648 	end_control_statement(CS_IF);
649 }
650 
651 /*
652  * T_SWITCH T_LPAREN expr T_RPAREN
653  */
654 void
655 switch1(tnode_t *tn)
656 {
657 	tspec_t	t;
658 	type_t	*tp;
659 
660 	if (tn != NULL)
661 		tn = cconv(tn);
662 	if (tn != NULL)
663 		tn = promote(NOOP, false, tn);
664 	if (tn != NULL && !is_integer(tn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
665 		/* switch expression must have integral type */
666 		error(205);
667 		tn = NULL;
668 	}
669 	if (tn != NULL && tflag) {
670 		t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
671 		if (t == LONG || t == ULONG || t == QUAD || t == UQUAD) {
672 			/* switch expr. must be of type `int' in trad. C */
673 			warning(271);
674 		}
675 	}
676 
677 	/*
678 	 * Remember the type of the expression. Because it's possible
679 	 * that (*tp) is allocated on tree memory, the type must be
680 	 * duplicated. This is not too complicated because it is
681 	 * only an integer type.
682 	 */
683 	tp = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*tp));
684 	if (tn != NULL) {
685 		tp->t_tspec = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
686 		if ((tp->t_is_enum = tn->tn_type->t_is_enum) != false)
687 			tp->t_enum = tn->tn_type->t_enum;
688 	} else {
689 		tp->t_tspec = INT;
690 	}
691 
692 	check_getopt_begin_switch();
693 	expr(tn, true, false, true, false);
694 
695 	begin_control_statement(CS_SWITCH);
696 	cstmt->c_switch = true;
697 	cstmt->c_switch_type = tp;
698 
699 	set_reached(false);
700 	seen_fallthrough = true;
701 }
702 
703 /*
704  * switch_expr statement
705  */
706 void
707 switch2(void)
708 {
709 	int	nenum = 0, nclab = 0;
710 	sym_t	*esym;
711 	case_label_t *cl;
712 
713 	lint_assert(cstmt->c_switch_type != NULL);
714 
715 	/*
716 	 * If the switch expression was of type enumeration, count the case
717 	 * labels and the number of enumerators. If both counts are not
718 	 * equal print a warning.
719 	 */
720 	if (cstmt->c_switch_type->t_is_enum) {
721 		nenum = nclab = 0;
722 		lint_assert(cstmt->c_switch_type->t_enum != NULL);
723 		for (esym = cstmt->c_switch_type->t_enum->en_first_enumerator;
724 		     esym != NULL; esym = esym->s_next) {
725 			nenum++;
726 		}
727 		for (cl = cstmt->c_case_labels; cl != NULL; cl = cl->cl_next)
728 			nclab++;
729 		if (hflag && eflag && nenum != nclab && !cstmt->c_default) {
730 			/* enumeration value(s) not handled in switch */
731 			warning(206);
732 		}
733 	}
734 
735 	check_getopt_end_switch();
736 
737 	if (cstmt->c_break) {
738 		/*
739 		 * end of switch always reached (c_break is only set if the
740 		 * break statement can be reached).
741 		 */
742 		set_reached(true);
743 	} else if (!cstmt->c_default &&
744 		   (!hflag || !cstmt->c_switch_type->t_is_enum ||
745 		    nenum != nclab)) {
746 		/*
747 		 * there are possible values which are not handled in
748 		 * switch
749 		 */
750 		set_reached(true);
751 	}	/*
752 		 * otherwise the end of the switch expression is reached
753 		 * if the end of the last statement inside it is reached.
754 		 */
755 
756 	end_control_statement(CS_SWITCH);
757 }
758 
759 /*
760  * T_WHILE T_LPAREN expr T_RPAREN
761  */
762 void
763 while1(tnode_t *tn)
764 {
765 	bool body_reached;
766 
767 	if (!reached) {
768 		/* loop not entered at top */
769 		warning(207);
770 		/* FIXME: that's plain wrong. */
771 		set_reached(true);
772 	}
773 
774 	if (tn != NULL)
775 		tn = check_controlling_expression(tn);
776 
777 	begin_control_statement(CS_WHILE);
778 	cstmt->c_loop = true;
779 	cstmt->c_maybe_endless = is_nonzero(tn);
780 	body_reached = !is_zero(tn);
781 
782 	check_getopt_begin_while(tn);
783 	expr(tn, false, true, true, false);
784 
785 	set_reached(body_reached);
786 }
787 
788 /*
789  * while_expr statement
790  * while_expr error
791  */
792 void
793 while2(void)
794 {
795 
796 	/*
797 	 * The end of the loop can be reached if it is no endless loop
798 	 * or there was a break statement which was reached.
799 	 */
800 	set_reached(!cstmt->c_maybe_endless || cstmt->c_break);
801 
802 	check_getopt_end_while();
803 	end_control_statement(CS_WHILE);
804 }
805 
806 /*
807  * T_DO
808  */
809 void
810 do1(void)
811 {
812 
813 	if (!reached) {
814 		/* loop not entered at top */
815 		warning(207);
816 		set_reached(true);
817 	}
818 
819 	begin_control_statement(CS_DO_WHILE);
820 	cstmt->c_loop = true;
821 }
822 
823 /*
824  * do statement do_while_expr
825  * do error
826  */
827 void
828 do2(tnode_t *tn)
829 {
830 
831 	/*
832 	 * If there was a continue statement, the expression controlling the
833 	 * loop is reached.
834 	 */
835 	if (cstmt->c_continue)
836 		set_reached(true);
837 
838 	if (tn != NULL)
839 		tn = check_controlling_expression(tn);
840 
841 	if (tn != NULL && tn->tn_op == CON) {
842 		cstmt->c_maybe_endless = constant_is_nonzero(tn);
843 		if (!cstmt->c_maybe_endless && cstmt->c_continue)
844 			/* continue in 'do ... while (0)' loop */
845 			error(323);
846 	}
847 
848 	expr(tn, false, true, true, true);
849 
850 	if (cstmt->c_maybe_endless)
851 		set_reached(false);
852 	if (cstmt->c_break)
853 		set_reached(true);
854 
855 	end_control_statement(CS_DO_WHILE);
856 }
857 
858 /*
859  * T_FOR T_LPAREN opt_expr T_SEMI opt_expr T_SEMI opt_expr T_RPAREN
860  */
861 void
862 for1(tnode_t *tn1, tnode_t *tn2, tnode_t *tn3)
863 {
864 
865 	/*
866 	 * If there is no initialization expression it is possible that
867 	 * it is intended not to enter the loop at top.
868 	 */
869 	if (tn1 != NULL && !reached) {
870 		/* loop not entered at top */
871 		warning(207);
872 		set_reached(true);
873 	}
874 
875 	begin_control_statement(CS_FOR);
876 	cstmt->c_loop = true;
877 
878 	/*
879 	 * Store the tree memory for the reinitialization expression.
880 	 * Also remember this expression itself. We must check it at
881 	 * the end of the loop to get "used but not set" warnings correct.
882 	 */
883 	cstmt->c_for_expr3_mem = expr_save_memory();
884 	cstmt->c_for_expr3 = tn3;
885 	cstmt->c_for_expr3_pos = curr_pos;
886 	cstmt->c_for_expr3_csrc_pos = csrc_pos;
887 
888 	if (tn1 != NULL)
889 		expr(tn1, false, false, true, false);
890 
891 	if (tn2 != NULL)
892 		tn2 = check_controlling_expression(tn2);
893 	if (tn2 != NULL)
894 		expr(tn2, false, true, true, false);
895 
896 	cstmt->c_maybe_endless = tn2 == NULL || is_nonzero(tn2);
897 
898 	/* Checking the reinitialization expression is done in for2() */
899 
900 	set_reached(!is_zero(tn2));
901 }
902 
903 /*
904  * for_exprs statement
905  * for_exprs error
906  */
907 void
908 for2(void)
909 {
910 	pos_t	cpos, cspos;
911 	tnode_t	*tn3;
912 
913 	if (cstmt->c_continue)
914 		set_reached(true);
915 
916 	cpos = curr_pos;
917 	cspos = csrc_pos;
918 
919 	/* Restore the tree memory for the reinitialization expression */
920 	expr_restore_memory(cstmt->c_for_expr3_mem);
921 	tn3 = cstmt->c_for_expr3;
922 	curr_pos = cstmt->c_for_expr3_pos;
923 	csrc_pos = cstmt->c_for_expr3_csrc_pos;
924 
925 	/* simply "statement not reached" would be confusing */
926 	if (!reached && warn_about_unreachable) {
927 		/* end-of-loop code not reached */
928 		warning(223);
929 		set_reached(true);
930 	}
931 
932 	if (tn3 != NULL) {
933 		expr(tn3, false, false, true, false);
934 	} else {
935 		expr_free_all();
936 	}
937 
938 	curr_pos = cpos;
939 	csrc_pos = cspos;
940 
941 	/* An endless loop without break will never terminate */
942 	/* TODO: What if the loop contains a 'return'? */
943 	set_reached(cstmt->c_break || !cstmt->c_maybe_endless);
944 
945 	end_control_statement(CS_FOR);
946 }
947 
948 /*
949  * T_GOTO identifier T_SEMI
950  */
951 void
952 do_goto(sym_t *lab)
953 {
954 
955 	mark_as_used(lab, false, false);
956 
957 	check_statement_reachable();
958 
959 	set_reached(false);
960 }
961 
962 /*
963  * T_BREAK T_SEMI
964  */
965 void
966 do_break(void)
967 {
968 	cstk_t	*ci;
969 
970 	ci = cstmt;
971 	while (ci != NULL && !ci->c_loop && !ci->c_switch)
972 		ci = ci->c_surrounding;
973 
974 	if (ci == NULL) {
975 		/* break outside loop or switch */
976 		error(208);
977 	} else {
978 		if (reached)
979 			ci->c_break = true;
980 	}
981 
982 	if (bflag)
983 		check_statement_reachable();
984 
985 	set_reached(false);
986 }
987 
988 /*
989  * T_CONTINUE T_SEMI
990  */
991 void
992 do_continue(void)
993 {
994 	cstk_t	*ci;
995 
996 	for (ci = cstmt; ci != NULL && !ci->c_loop; ci = ci->c_surrounding)
997 		continue;
998 
999 	if (ci == NULL) {
1000 		/* continue outside loop */
1001 		error(209);
1002 	} else {
1003 		/* TODO: only if reachable, for symmetry with c_break */
1004 		ci->c_continue = true;
1005 	}
1006 
1007 	check_statement_reachable();
1008 
1009 	set_reached(false);
1010 }
1011 
1012 /*
1013  * T_RETURN T_SEMI
1014  * T_RETURN expr T_SEMI
1015  */
1016 void
1017 do_return(tnode_t *tn)
1018 {
1019 	tnode_t	*ln, *rn;
1020 	cstk_t	*ci;
1021 	op_t	op;
1022 
1023 	for (ci = cstmt; ci->c_surrounding != NULL; ci = ci->c_surrounding)
1024 		continue;
1025 
1026 	if (tn != NULL)
1027 		ci->c_had_return_value = true;
1028 	else
1029 		ci->c_had_return_noval = true;
1030 
1031 	if (tn != NULL && funcsym->s_type->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID) {
1032 		/* void function %s cannot return value */
1033 		error(213, funcsym->s_name);
1034 		expr_free_all();
1035 		tn = NULL;
1036 	} else if (tn == NULL && funcsym->s_type->t_subt->t_tspec != VOID) {
1037 		/*
1038 		 * Assume that the function has a return value only if it
1039 		 * is explicitly declared.
1040 		 */
1041 		if (!funcsym->s_return_type_implicit_int)
1042 			/* function %s expects to return value */
1043 			warning(214, funcsym->s_name);
1044 	}
1045 
1046 	if (tn != NULL) {
1047 
1048 		/* Create a temporary node for the left side */
1049 		ln = expr_zalloc(sizeof(*ln));
1050 		ln->tn_op = NAME;
1051 		ln->tn_type = expr_dup_type(funcsym->s_type->t_subt);
1052 		ln->tn_type->t_const = false;
1053 		ln->tn_lvalue = true;
1054 		ln->tn_sym = funcsym;		/* better than nothing */
1055 
1056 		tn = build(RETURN, ln, tn);
1057 
1058 		if (tn != NULL) {
1059 			rn = tn->tn_right;
1060 			while ((op = rn->tn_op) == CVT || op == PLUS)
1061 				rn = rn->tn_left;
1062 			if (rn->tn_op == ADDR && rn->tn_left->tn_op == NAME &&
1063 			    rn->tn_left->tn_sym->s_scl == AUTO) {
1064 				/* %s returns pointer to automatic object */
1065 				warning(302, funcsym->s_name);
1066 			}
1067 		}
1068 
1069 		expr(tn, true, false, true, false);
1070 
1071 	} else {
1072 
1073 		check_statement_reachable();
1074 
1075 	}
1076 
1077 	set_reached(false);
1078 }
1079 
1080 /*
1081  * Do some cleanup after a global declaration or definition.
1082  * Especially remove information about unused lint comments.
1083  */
1084 void
1085 global_clean_up_decl(bool silent)
1086 {
1087 	pos_t	cpos;
1088 
1089 	cpos = curr_pos;
1090 
1091 	if (nargusg != -1) {
1092 		if (!silent) {
1093 			curr_pos = argsused_pos;
1094 			/* must precede function definition: ** %s ** */
1095 			warning(282, "ARGSUSED");
1096 		}
1097 		nargusg = -1;
1098 	}
1099 	if (nvararg != -1) {
1100 		if (!silent) {
1101 			curr_pos = vapos;
1102 			/* must precede function definition: ** %s ** */
1103 			warning(282, "VARARGS");
1104 		}
1105 		nvararg = -1;
1106 	}
1107 	if (printflike_argnum != -1) {
1108 		if (!silent) {
1109 			curr_pos = printflike_pos;
1110 			/* must precede function definition: ** %s ** */
1111 			warning(282, "PRINTFLIKE");
1112 		}
1113 		printflike_argnum = -1;
1114 	}
1115 	if (scanflike_argnum != -1) {
1116 		if (!silent) {
1117 			curr_pos = scanflike_pos;
1118 			/* must precede function definition: ** %s ** */
1119 			warning(282, "SCANFLIKE");
1120 		}
1121 		scanflike_argnum = -1;
1122 	}
1123 
1124 	curr_pos = cpos;
1125 
1126 	dcs->d_asm = false;
1127 }
1128 
1129 /*
1130  * ARGSUSED comment
1131  *
1132  * Only the first n arguments of the following function are checked
1133  * for usage. A missing argument is taken to be 0.
1134  */
1135 void
1136 argsused(int n)
1137 {
1138 
1139 	if (n == -1)
1140 		n = 0;
1141 
1142 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1143 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1144 		warning(280, "ARGSUSED");
1145 		return;
1146 	}
1147 	if (nargusg != -1) {
1148 		/* duplicate use of ** %s ** */
1149 		warning(281, "ARGSUSED");
1150 	}
1151 	nargusg = n;
1152 	argsused_pos = curr_pos;
1153 }
1154 
1155 /*
1156  * VARARGS comment
1157  *
1158  * Causes lint2 to check only the first n arguments for compatibility
1159  * with the function definition. A missing argument is taken to be 0.
1160  */
1161 void
1162 varargs(int n)
1163 {
1164 
1165 	if (n == -1)
1166 		n = 0;
1167 
1168 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1169 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1170 		warning(280, "VARARGS");
1171 		return;
1172 	}
1173 	if (nvararg != -1) {
1174 		/* duplicate use of ** %s ** */
1175 		warning(281, "VARARGS");
1176 	}
1177 	nvararg = n;
1178 	vapos = curr_pos;
1179 }
1180 
1181 /*
1182  * PRINTFLIKE comment
1183  *
1184  * Check all arguments until the (n-1)-th as usual. The n-th argument is
1185  * used the check the types of remaining arguments.
1186  */
1187 void
1188 printflike(int n)
1189 {
1190 
1191 	if (n == -1)
1192 		n = 0;
1193 
1194 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1195 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1196 		warning(280, "PRINTFLIKE");
1197 		return;
1198 	}
1199 	if (printflike_argnum != -1) {
1200 		/* duplicate use of ** %s ** */
1201 		warning(281, "PRINTFLIKE");
1202 	}
1203 	printflike_argnum = n;
1204 	printflike_pos = curr_pos;
1205 }
1206 
1207 /*
1208  * SCANFLIKE comment
1209  *
1210  * Check all arguments until the (n-1)-th as usual. The n-th argument is
1211  * used the check the types of remaining arguments.
1212  */
1213 void
1214 scanflike(int n)
1215 {
1216 
1217 	if (n == -1)
1218 		n = 0;
1219 
1220 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1221 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1222 		warning(280, "SCANFLIKE");
1223 		return;
1224 	}
1225 	if (scanflike_argnum != -1) {
1226 		/* duplicate use of ** %s ** */
1227 		warning(281, "SCANFLIKE");
1228 	}
1229 	scanflike_argnum = n;
1230 	scanflike_pos = curr_pos;
1231 }
1232 
1233 /*
1234  * Set the line number for a CONSTCOND comment. At this and the following
1235  * line no warnings about constants in conditional contexts are printed.
1236  */
1237 /* ARGSUSED */
1238 void
1239 constcond(int n)
1240 {
1241 
1242 	constcond_flag = true;
1243 }
1244 
1245 /*
1246  * Suppress printing of "fallthrough on ..." warnings until next
1247  * statement.
1248  */
1249 /* ARGSUSED */
1250 void
1251 fallthru(int n)
1252 {
1253 
1254 	seen_fallthrough = true;
1255 }
1256 
1257 /*
1258  * Stop warnings about statements which cannot be reached. Also tells lint
1259  * that the following statements cannot be reached (e.g. after exit()).
1260  */
1261 /* ARGSUSED */
1262 void
1263 not_reached(int n)
1264 {
1265 
1266 	set_reached(false);
1267 	warn_about_unreachable = false;
1268 }
1269 
1270 /* ARGSUSED */
1271 void
1272 lintlib(int n)
1273 {
1274 
1275 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1276 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1277 		warning(280, "LINTLIBRARY");
1278 		return;
1279 	}
1280 	llibflg = true;
1281 	vflag = false;
1282 }
1283 
1284 /*
1285  * Suppress most warnings at the current and the following line.
1286  */
1287 /* ARGSUSED */
1288 void
1289 linted(int n)
1290 {
1291 
1292 #ifdef DEBUG
1293 	printf("%s, %d: lwarn = %d\n", curr_pos.p_file, curr_pos.p_line, n);
1294 #endif
1295 	lwarn = n;
1296 }
1297 
1298 /*
1299  * Suppress bitfield type errors on the current line.
1300  */
1301 /* ARGSUSED */
1302 void
1303 bitfieldtype(int n)
1304 {
1305 
1306 #ifdef DEBUG
1307 	printf("%s, %d: bitfieldtype_ok = true\n", curr_pos.p_file,
1308 	    curr_pos.p_line);
1309 #endif
1310 	bitfieldtype_ok = true;
1311 }
1312 
1313 /*
1314  * PROTOLIB in conjunction with LINTLIBRARY can be used to handle
1315  * prototypes like function definitions. This is done if the argument
1316  * to PROTOLIB is nonzero. Otherwise prototypes are handled normally.
1317  */
1318 void
1319 protolib(int n)
1320 {
1321 
1322 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1323 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1324 		warning(280, "PROTOLIB");
1325 		return;
1326 	}
1327 	plibflg = n != 0;
1328 }
1329 
1330 /* The next statement/declaration may use "long long" without a diagnostic. */
1331 /* ARGSUSED */
1332 void
1333 longlong(int n)
1334 {
1335 
1336 	quadflg = true;
1337 }
1338