xref: /netbsd-src/usr.bin/xlint/lint1/func.c (revision 82d56013d7b633d116a93943de88e08335357a7c)
1 /*	$NetBSD: func.c,v 1.108 2021/05/15 19:12:14 rillig Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Jochen Pohl
5  * All Rights Reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
17  *      This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for
18  *	The NetBSD Project.
19  * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
20  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
24  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
25  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
26  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
27  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
28  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
29  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
30  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
31  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
35 #include "nbtool_config.h"
36 #endif
37 
38 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
39 #if defined(__RCSID) && !defined(lint)
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: func.c,v 1.108 2021/05/15 19:12:14 rillig Exp $");
41 #endif
42 
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include <string.h>
45 
46 #include "lint1.h"
47 #include "cgram.h"
48 
49 /*
50  * Contains a pointer to the symbol table entry of the current function
51  * definition.
52  */
53 sym_t	*funcsym;
54 
55 /* Is set as long as a statement can be reached. Must be set at level 0. */
56 bool	reached = true;
57 
58 /*
59  * Is true by default, can be cleared by NOTREACHED.
60  * Is reset to true whenever 'reached' changes.
61  */
62 bool	warn_about_unreachable;
63 
64 /*
65  * In conjunction with 'reached', controls printing of "fallthrough on ..."
66  * warnings.
67  * Reset by each statement and set by FALLTHROUGH, switch (switch1())
68  * and case (label()).
69  *
70  * Control statements if, for, while and switch do not reset seen_fallthrough
71  * because this must be done by the controlled statement. At least for if this
72  * is important because ** FALLTHROUGH ** after "if (expr) statement" is
73  * evaluated before the following token, which causes reduction of above.
74  * This means that ** FALLTHROUGH ** after "if ..." would always be ignored.
75  */
76 bool	seen_fallthrough;
77 
78 /* The innermost control statement */
79 cstk_t	*cstmt;
80 
81 /*
82  * Number of arguments which will be checked for usage in following
83  * function definition. -1 stands for all arguments.
84  *
85  * The position of the last ARGSUSED comment is stored in argsused_pos.
86  */
87 int	nargusg = -1;
88 pos_t	argsused_pos;
89 
90 /*
91  * Number of arguments of the following function definition whose types
92  * shall be checked by lint2. -1 stands for all arguments.
93  *
94  * The position of the last VARARGS comment is stored in vapos.
95  */
96 int	nvararg = -1;
97 pos_t	vapos;
98 
99 /*
100  * Both printflike_argnum and scanflike_argnum contain the 1-based number
101  * of the string argument which shall be used to check the types of remaining
102  * arguments (for PRINTFLIKE and SCANFLIKE).
103  *
104  * printflike_pos and scanflike_pos are the positions of the last PRINTFLIKE
105  * or SCANFLIKE comment.
106  */
107 int	printflike_argnum = -1;
108 int	scanflike_argnum = -1;
109 pos_t	printflike_pos;
110 pos_t	scanflike_pos;
111 
112 /*
113  * If both plibflg and llibflg are set, prototypes are written as function
114  * definitions to the output file.
115  */
116 bool	plibflg;
117 
118 /*
119  * True means that no warnings about constants in conditional
120  * context are printed.
121  */
122 bool	constcond_flag;
123 
124 /*
125  * llibflg is set if a lint library shall be created. The effect of
126  * llibflg is that all defined symbols are treated as used.
127  * (The LINTLIBRARY comment also resets vflag.)
128  */
129 bool	llibflg;
130 
131 /*
132  * Nonzero if warnings are suppressed by a LINTED directive
133  * LWARN_BAD:	error
134  * LWARN_ALL:	warnings on
135  * LWARN_NONE:	all warnings ignored
136  * 0..n: warning n ignored
137  */
138 int	lwarn = LWARN_ALL;
139 
140 /*
141  * Whether bitfield type errors are suppressed by a BITFIELDTYPE
142  * directive.
143  */
144 bool	bitfieldtype_ok;
145 
146 /*
147  * Whether complaints about use of "long long" are suppressed in
148  * the next statement or declaration.
149  */
150 bool	quadflg;
151 
152 /*
153  * Puts a new element at the top of the stack used for control statements.
154  */
155 void
156 begin_control_statement(control_statement_kind kind)
157 {
158 	cstk_t	*ci;
159 
160 	ci = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ci));
161 	ci->c_kind = kind;
162 	ci->c_surrounding = cstmt;
163 	cstmt = ci;
164 }
165 
166 /*
167  * Removes the top element of the stack used for control statements.
168  */
169 void
170 end_control_statement(control_statement_kind kind)
171 {
172 	cstk_t	*ci;
173 	case_label_t *cl, *next;
174 
175 	lint_assert(cstmt != NULL);
176 	lint_assert(cstmt->c_kind == kind);
177 
178 	ci = cstmt;
179 	cstmt = ci->c_surrounding;
180 
181 	for (cl = ci->c_case_labels; cl != NULL; cl = next) {
182 		next = cl->cl_next;
183 		free(cl);
184 	}
185 
186 	free(ci->c_switch_type);
187 	free(ci);
188 }
189 
190 static void
191 set_reached(bool new_reached)
192 {
193 #ifdef DEBUG
194 	printf("%s:%d: %s -> %s\n", curr_pos.p_file, curr_pos.p_line,
195 	    reached ? "reachable" : "unreachable",
196 	    new_reached ? "reachable" : "unreachable");
197 #endif
198 	reached = new_reached;
199 	warn_about_unreachable = true;
200 }
201 
202 /*
203  * Prints a warning if a statement cannot be reached.
204  */
205 void
206 check_statement_reachable(void)
207 {
208 	if (!reached && warn_about_unreachable) {
209 		/* statement not reached */
210 		warning(193);
211 		warn_about_unreachable = false;
212 	}
213 }
214 
215 /*
216  * Called after a function declaration which introduces a function definition
217  * and before an (optional) old style argument declaration list.
218  *
219  * Puts all symbols declared in the prototype or in an old style argument
220  * list back to the symbol table.
221  *
222  * Does the usual checking of storage class, type (return value),
223  * redeclaration, etc.
224  */
225 void
226 funcdef(sym_t *fsym)
227 {
228 	int	n;
229 	bool	dowarn;
230 	sym_t	*arg, *sym, *rdsym;
231 
232 	funcsym = fsym;
233 
234 	/*
235 	 * Put all symbols declared in the argument list back to the
236 	 * symbol table.
237 	 */
238 	for (sym = dcs->d_func_proto_syms; sym != NULL; sym = sym->s_dlnxt) {
239 		if (sym->s_block_level != -1) {
240 			lint_assert(sym->s_block_level == 1);
241 			inssym(1, sym);
242 		}
243 	}
244 
245 	/*
246 	 * In old_style_function() we did not know whether it is an old
247 	 * style function definition or only an old style declaration,
248 	 * if there are no arguments inside the argument list ("f()").
249 	 */
250 	if (!fsym->s_type->t_proto && fsym->s_args == NULL)
251 		fsym->s_osdef = true;
252 
253 	check_type(fsym);
254 
255 	/*
256 	 * check_type() checks for almost all possible errors, but not for
257 	 * incomplete return values (these are allowed in declarations)
258 	 */
259 	if (fsym->s_type->t_subt->t_tspec != VOID &&
260 	    is_incomplete(fsym->s_type->t_subt)) {
261 		/* cannot return incomplete type */
262 		error(67);
263 	}
264 
265 	fsym->s_def = DEF;
266 
267 	if (fsym->s_scl == TYPEDEF) {
268 		fsym->s_scl = EXTERN;
269 		/* illegal storage class */
270 		error(8);
271 	}
272 
273 	if (dcs->d_inline)
274 		fsym->s_inline = true;
275 
276 	/*
277 	 * Arguments in new style function declarations need a name.
278 	 * (void is already removed from the list of arguments)
279 	 */
280 	n = 1;
281 	for (arg = fsym->s_type->t_args; arg != NULL; arg = arg->s_next) {
282 		if (arg->s_scl == ABSTRACT) {
283 			lint_assert(arg->s_name == unnamed);
284 			/* formal parameter lacks name: param #%d */
285 			error(59, n);
286 		} else {
287 			lint_assert(arg->s_name != unnamed);
288 		}
289 		n++;
290 	}
291 
292 	/*
293 	 * We must also remember the position. s_def_pos is overwritten
294 	 * if this is an old style definition and we had already a
295 	 * prototype.
296 	 */
297 	dcs->d_func_def_pos = fsym->s_def_pos;
298 
299 	if ((rdsym = dcs->d_redeclared_symbol) != NULL) {
300 
301 		if (!check_redeclaration(fsym, (dowarn = false, &dowarn))) {
302 
303 			/*
304 			 * Print nothing if the newly defined function
305 			 * is defined in old style. A better warning will
306 			 * be printed in check_func_lint_directives().
307 			 */
308 			if (dowarn && !fsym->s_osdef) {
309 				if (sflag)
310 					/* redeclaration of %s */
311 					error(27, fsym->s_name);
312 				else
313 					/* redeclaration of %s */
314 					warning(27, fsym->s_name);
315 				print_previous_declaration(-1, rdsym);
316 			}
317 
318 			copy_usage_info(fsym, rdsym);
319 
320 			/*
321 			 * If the old symbol was a prototype and the new
322 			 * one is none, overtake the position of the
323 			 * declaration of the prototype.
324 			 */
325 			if (fsym->s_osdef && rdsym->s_type->t_proto)
326 				fsym->s_def_pos = rdsym->s_def_pos;
327 
328 			complete_type(fsym, rdsym);
329 
330 			if (rdsym->s_inline)
331 				fsym->s_inline = true;
332 
333 		}
334 
335 		/* remove the old symbol from the symbol table */
336 		rmsym(rdsym);
337 
338 	}
339 
340 	if (fsym->s_osdef && !fsym->s_type->t_proto) {
341 		if (sflag && hflag && strcmp(fsym->s_name, "main") != 0)
342 			/* function definition is not a prototype */
343 			warning(286);
344 	}
345 
346 	if (dcs->d_notyp)
347 		fsym->s_return_type_implicit_int = true;
348 
349 	set_reached(true);
350 }
351 
352 static void
353 check_missing_return_value(void)
354 {
355 	if (funcsym->s_type->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID)
356 		return;
357 	if (funcsym->s_return_type_implicit_int)
358 		return;
359 
360 	/* C99 5.1.2.2.3 "Program termination" p1 */
361 	if (Sflag && strcmp(funcsym->s_name, "main") == 0)
362 		return;
363 
364 	/* function %s falls off bottom without returning value */
365 	warning(217, funcsym->s_name);
366 }
367 
368 /*
369  * Called at the end of a function definition.
370  */
371 void
372 funcend(void)
373 {
374 	sym_t	*arg;
375 	int	n;
376 
377 	if (reached) {
378 		cstmt->c_had_return_noval = true;
379 		check_missing_return_value();
380 	}
381 
382 	/*
383 	 * This warning is printed only if the return value was implicitly
384 	 * declared to be int. Otherwise the wrong return statement
385 	 * has already printed a warning.
386 	 */
387 	if (cstmt->c_had_return_noval && cstmt->c_had_return_value &&
388 	    funcsym->s_return_type_implicit_int)
389 		/* function %s has return (e); and return; */
390 		warning(216, funcsym->s_name);
391 
392 	/* Print warnings for unused arguments */
393 	arg = dcs->d_func_args;
394 	n = 0;
395 	while (arg != NULL && (nargusg == -1 || n < nargusg)) {
396 		check_usage_sym(dcs->d_asm, arg);
397 		arg = arg->s_next;
398 		n++;
399 	}
400 	nargusg = -1;
401 
402 	/*
403 	 * write the information about the function definition to the
404 	 * output file
405 	 * inline functions explicitly declared extern are written as
406 	 * declarations only.
407 	 */
408 	if (dcs->d_scl == EXTERN && funcsym->s_inline) {
409 		outsym(funcsym, funcsym->s_scl, DECL);
410 	} else {
411 		outfdef(funcsym, &dcs->d_func_def_pos,
412 		    cstmt->c_had_return_value, funcsym->s_osdef,
413 		    dcs->d_func_args);
414 	}
415 
416 	/*
417 	 * remove all symbols declared during argument declaration from
418 	 * the symbol table
419 	 */
420 	lint_assert(dcs->d_next == NULL);
421 	lint_assert(dcs->d_ctx == EXTERN);
422 	rmsyms(dcs->d_func_proto_syms);
423 
424 	/* must be set on level 0 */
425 	set_reached(true);
426 }
427 
428 void
429 named_label(sym_t *sym)
430 {
431 
432 	if (sym->s_set) {
433 		/* label %s redefined */
434 		error(194, sym->s_name);
435 	} else {
436 		mark_as_set(sym);
437 	}
438 
439 	set_reached(true);
440 }
441 
442 static void
443 check_case_label_bitand(const tnode_t *case_expr, const tnode_t *switch_expr)
444 {
445 	uint64_t case_value, mask;
446 
447 	if (switch_expr->tn_op != BITAND ||
448 	    switch_expr->tn_right->tn_op != CON)
449 		return;
450 
451 	lint_assert(case_expr->tn_op == CON);
452 	case_value = case_expr->tn_val->v_quad;
453 	mask = switch_expr->tn_right->tn_val->v_quad;
454 
455 	if ((case_value & ~mask) != 0) {
456 		/* statement not reached */
457 		warning(193);
458 	}
459 }
460 
461 static void
462 check_case_label_enum(const tnode_t *tn, const cstk_t *ci)
463 {
464 	/* similar to typeok_enum in tree.c */
465 
466 	if (!(tn->tn_type->t_is_enum || ci->c_switch_type->t_is_enum))
467 		return;
468 	if (tn->tn_type->t_is_enum && ci->c_switch_type->t_is_enum &&
469 	    tn->tn_type->t_enum == ci->c_switch_type->t_enum)
470 		return;
471 
472 #if 0 /* not yet ready, see msg_130.c */
473 	/* enum type mismatch: '%s' '%s' '%s' */
474 	warning(130, type_name(ci->c_switch_type), op_name(EQ),
475 	    type_name(tn->tn_type));
476 #endif
477 }
478 
479 static void
480 check_case_label(tnode_t *tn, cstk_t *ci)
481 {
482 	case_label_t *cl;
483 	val_t	*v;
484 	val_t	nv;
485 	tspec_t	t;
486 
487 	if (ci == NULL) {
488 		/* case not in switch */
489 		error(195);
490 		return;
491 	}
492 
493 	if (tn != NULL && tn->tn_op != CON) {
494 		/* non-constant case expression */
495 		error(197);
496 		return;
497 	}
498 
499 	if (tn != NULL && !is_integer(tn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
500 		/* non-integral case expression */
501 		error(198);
502 		return;
503 	}
504 
505 	check_case_label_bitand(tn, ci->c_switch_expr);
506 	check_case_label_enum(tn, ci);
507 
508 	lint_assert(ci->c_switch_type != NULL);
509 
510 	if (reached && !seen_fallthrough) {
511 		if (hflag)
512 			/* fallthrough on case statement */
513 			warning(220);
514 	}
515 
516 	t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
517 	if (t == LONG || t == ULONG ||
518 	    t == QUAD || t == UQUAD) {
519 		if (tflag)
520 			/* case label must be of type `int' in traditional C */
521 			warning(203);
522 	}
523 
524 	/*
525 	 * get the value of the expression and convert it
526 	 * to the type of the switch expression
527 	 */
528 	v = constant(tn, true);
529 	(void)memset(&nv, 0, sizeof(nv));
530 	convert_constant(CASE, 0, ci->c_switch_type, &nv, v);
531 	free(v);
532 
533 	/* look if we had this value already */
534 	for (cl = ci->c_case_labels; cl != NULL; cl = cl->cl_next) {
535 		if (cl->cl_val.v_quad == nv.v_quad)
536 			break;
537 	}
538 	if (cl != NULL && is_uinteger(nv.v_tspec)) {
539 		/* duplicate case in switch: %lu */
540 		error(200, (u_long)nv.v_quad);
541 	} else if (cl != NULL) {
542 		/* duplicate case in switch: %ld */
543 		error(199, (long)nv.v_quad);
544 	} else {
545 		check_getopt_case_label(nv.v_quad);
546 
547 		/* append the value to the list of case values */
548 		cl = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*cl));
549 		cl->cl_val = nv;
550 		cl->cl_next = ci->c_case_labels;
551 		ci->c_case_labels = cl;
552 	}
553 }
554 
555 void
556 case_label(tnode_t *tn)
557 {
558 	cstk_t	*ci;
559 
560 	/* find the innermost switch statement */
561 	for (ci = cstmt; ci != NULL && !ci->c_switch; ci = ci->c_surrounding)
562 		continue;
563 
564 	check_case_label(tn, ci);
565 
566 	expr_free_all();
567 
568 	set_reached(true);
569 }
570 
571 void
572 default_label(void)
573 {
574 	cstk_t	*ci;
575 
576 	/* find the innermost switch statement */
577 	for (ci = cstmt; ci != NULL && !ci->c_switch; ci = ci->c_surrounding)
578 		continue;
579 
580 	if (ci == NULL) {
581 		/* default outside switch */
582 		error(201);
583 	} else if (ci->c_default) {
584 		/* duplicate default in switch */
585 		error(202);
586 	} else {
587 		if (reached && !seen_fallthrough) {
588 			if (hflag)
589 				/* fallthrough on default statement */
590 				warning(284);
591 		}
592 		ci->c_default = true;
593 	}
594 
595 	set_reached(true);
596 }
597 
598 static tnode_t *
599 check_controlling_expression(tnode_t *tn)
600 {
601 
602 	if (tn != NULL)
603 		tn = cconv(tn);
604 	if (tn != NULL)
605 		tn = promote(NOOP, false, tn);
606 
607 	if (tn != NULL && !is_scalar(tn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
608 		/* C99 6.5.15p4 for the ?: operator; see typeok:QUEST */
609 		/* C99 6.8.4.1p1 for if statements */
610 		/* C99 6.8.5p2 for while, do and for loops */
611 		/* controlling expressions must have scalar type */
612 		error(204);
613 		return NULL;
614 	}
615 
616 	if (tn != NULL && Tflag && !is_typeok_bool_operand(tn)) {
617 		/* controlling expression must be bool, not '%s' */
618 		error(333, tspec_name(tn->tn_type->t_tspec));
619 		return NULL;
620 	}
621 
622 	return tn;
623 }
624 
625 /*
626  * T_IF T_LPAREN expr T_RPAREN
627  */
628 void
629 if1(tnode_t *tn)
630 {
631 
632 	if (tn != NULL)
633 		tn = check_controlling_expression(tn);
634 	if (tn != NULL)
635 		expr(tn, false, true, false, false);
636 	begin_control_statement(CS_IF);
637 
638 	if (tn != NULL && tn->tn_op == CON && !tn->tn_system_dependent) {
639 		/* XXX: what if inside 'if (0)'? */
640 		set_reached(constant_is_nonzero(tn));
641 		/* XXX: what about always_else? */
642 		cstmt->c_always_then = reached;
643 	}
644 }
645 
646 /*
647  * if_without_else
648  * if_without_else T_ELSE
649  */
650 void
651 if2(void)
652 {
653 
654 	cstmt->c_reached_end_of_then = reached;
655 	/* XXX: what if inside 'if (0)'? */
656 	set_reached(!cstmt->c_always_then);
657 }
658 
659 /*
660  * if_without_else
661  * if_without_else T_ELSE statement
662  */
663 void
664 if3(bool els)
665 {
666 	if (cstmt->c_reached_end_of_then)
667 		set_reached(true);
668 	else if (cstmt->c_always_then)
669 		set_reached(false);
670 	else if (!els)
671 		set_reached(true);
672 
673 	end_control_statement(CS_IF);
674 }
675 
676 /*
677  * T_SWITCH T_LPAREN expr T_RPAREN
678  */
679 void
680 switch1(tnode_t *tn)
681 {
682 	tspec_t	t;
683 	type_t	*tp;
684 
685 	if (tn != NULL)
686 		tn = cconv(tn);
687 	if (tn != NULL)
688 		tn = promote(NOOP, false, tn);
689 	if (tn != NULL && !is_integer(tn->tn_type->t_tspec)) {
690 		/* switch expression must have integral type */
691 		error(205);
692 		tn = NULL;
693 	}
694 	if (tn != NULL && tflag) {
695 		t = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
696 		if (t == LONG || t == ULONG || t == QUAD || t == UQUAD) {
697 			/* switch expr. must be of type `int' in trad. C */
698 			warning(271);
699 		}
700 	}
701 
702 	/*
703 	 * Remember the type of the expression. Because it's possible
704 	 * that (*tp) is allocated on tree memory, the type must be
705 	 * duplicated. This is not too complicated because it is
706 	 * only an integer type.
707 	 */
708 	tp = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*tp));
709 	if (tn != NULL) {
710 		tp->t_tspec = tn->tn_type->t_tspec;
711 		if ((tp->t_is_enum = tn->tn_type->t_is_enum) != false)
712 			tp->t_enum = tn->tn_type->t_enum;
713 	} else {
714 		tp->t_tspec = INT;
715 	}
716 
717 	/* leak the memory, for check_case_label_bitand */
718 	expr_save_memory();
719 
720 	check_getopt_begin_switch();
721 	expr(tn, true, false, false, false);
722 
723 	begin_control_statement(CS_SWITCH);
724 	cstmt->c_switch = true;
725 	cstmt->c_switch_type = tp;
726 	cstmt->c_switch_expr = tn;
727 
728 	set_reached(false);
729 	seen_fallthrough = true;
730 }
731 
732 /*
733  * switch_expr statement
734  */
735 void
736 switch2(void)
737 {
738 	int	nenum = 0, nclab = 0;
739 	sym_t	*esym;
740 	case_label_t *cl;
741 
742 	lint_assert(cstmt->c_switch_type != NULL);
743 
744 	/*
745 	 * If the switch expression was of type enumeration, count the case
746 	 * labels and the number of enumerators. If both counts are not
747 	 * equal print a warning.
748 	 */
749 	if (cstmt->c_switch_type->t_is_enum) {
750 		nenum = nclab = 0;
751 		lint_assert(cstmt->c_switch_type->t_enum != NULL);
752 		for (esym = cstmt->c_switch_type->t_enum->en_first_enumerator;
753 		     esym != NULL; esym = esym->s_next) {
754 			nenum++;
755 		}
756 		for (cl = cstmt->c_case_labels; cl != NULL; cl = cl->cl_next)
757 			nclab++;
758 		if (hflag && eflag && nenum != nclab && !cstmt->c_default) {
759 			/* enumeration value(s) not handled in switch */
760 			warning(206);
761 		}
762 	}
763 
764 	check_getopt_end_switch();
765 
766 	if (cstmt->c_break) {
767 		/*
768 		 * end of switch always reached (c_break is only set if the
769 		 * break statement can be reached).
770 		 */
771 		set_reached(true);
772 	} else if (!cstmt->c_default &&
773 		   (!hflag || !cstmt->c_switch_type->t_is_enum ||
774 		    nenum != nclab)) {
775 		/*
776 		 * there are possible values which are not handled in
777 		 * switch
778 		 */
779 		set_reached(true);
780 	}	/*
781 		 * otherwise the end of the switch expression is reached
782 		 * if the end of the last statement inside it is reached.
783 		 */
784 
785 	end_control_statement(CS_SWITCH);
786 }
787 
788 /*
789  * T_WHILE T_LPAREN expr T_RPAREN
790  */
791 void
792 while1(tnode_t *tn)
793 {
794 	bool body_reached;
795 
796 	if (!reached) {
797 		/* loop not entered at top */
798 		warning(207);
799 		/* FIXME: that's plain wrong. */
800 		set_reached(true);
801 	}
802 
803 	if (tn != NULL)
804 		tn = check_controlling_expression(tn);
805 
806 	begin_control_statement(CS_WHILE);
807 	cstmt->c_loop = true;
808 	cstmt->c_maybe_endless = is_nonzero(tn);
809 	body_reached = !is_zero(tn);
810 
811 	check_getopt_begin_while(tn);
812 	expr(tn, false, true, true, false);
813 
814 	set_reached(body_reached);
815 }
816 
817 /*
818  * while_expr statement
819  * while_expr error
820  */
821 void
822 while2(void)
823 {
824 
825 	/*
826 	 * The end of the loop can be reached if it is no endless loop
827 	 * or there was a break statement which was reached.
828 	 */
829 	set_reached(!cstmt->c_maybe_endless || cstmt->c_break);
830 
831 	check_getopt_end_while();
832 	end_control_statement(CS_WHILE);
833 }
834 
835 /*
836  * T_DO
837  */
838 void
839 do1(void)
840 {
841 
842 	if (!reached) {
843 		/* loop not entered at top */
844 		warning(207);
845 		set_reached(true);
846 	}
847 
848 	begin_control_statement(CS_DO_WHILE);
849 	cstmt->c_loop = true;
850 }
851 
852 /*
853  * do statement do_while_expr
854  * do error
855  */
856 void
857 do2(tnode_t *tn)
858 {
859 
860 	/*
861 	 * If there was a continue statement, the expression controlling the
862 	 * loop is reached.
863 	 */
864 	if (cstmt->c_continue)
865 		set_reached(true);
866 
867 	if (tn != NULL)
868 		tn = check_controlling_expression(tn);
869 
870 	if (tn != NULL && tn->tn_op == CON) {
871 		cstmt->c_maybe_endless = constant_is_nonzero(tn);
872 		if (!cstmt->c_maybe_endless && cstmt->c_continue)
873 			/* continue in 'do ... while (0)' loop */
874 			error(323);
875 	}
876 
877 	expr(tn, false, true, true, true);
878 
879 	if (cstmt->c_maybe_endless)
880 		set_reached(false);
881 	if (cstmt->c_break)
882 		set_reached(true);
883 
884 	end_control_statement(CS_DO_WHILE);
885 }
886 
887 /*
888  * T_FOR T_LPAREN opt_expr T_SEMI opt_expr T_SEMI opt_expr T_RPAREN
889  */
890 void
891 for1(tnode_t *tn1, tnode_t *tn2, tnode_t *tn3)
892 {
893 
894 	/*
895 	 * If there is no initialization expression it is possible that
896 	 * it is intended not to enter the loop at top.
897 	 */
898 	if (tn1 != NULL && !reached) {
899 		/* loop not entered at top */
900 		warning(207);
901 		set_reached(true);
902 	}
903 
904 	begin_control_statement(CS_FOR);
905 	cstmt->c_loop = true;
906 
907 	/*
908 	 * Store the tree memory for the reinitialization expression.
909 	 * Also remember this expression itself. We must check it at
910 	 * the end of the loop to get "used but not set" warnings correct.
911 	 */
912 	cstmt->c_for_expr3_mem = expr_save_memory();
913 	cstmt->c_for_expr3 = tn3;
914 	cstmt->c_for_expr3_pos = curr_pos;
915 	cstmt->c_for_expr3_csrc_pos = csrc_pos;
916 
917 	if (tn1 != NULL)
918 		expr(tn1, false, false, true, false);
919 
920 	if (tn2 != NULL)
921 		tn2 = check_controlling_expression(tn2);
922 	if (tn2 != NULL)
923 		expr(tn2, false, true, true, false);
924 
925 	cstmt->c_maybe_endless = tn2 == NULL || is_nonzero(tn2);
926 
927 	/* Checking the reinitialization expression is done in for2() */
928 
929 	set_reached(!is_zero(tn2));
930 }
931 
932 /*
933  * for_exprs statement
934  * for_exprs error
935  */
936 void
937 for2(void)
938 {
939 	pos_t	cpos, cspos;
940 	tnode_t	*tn3;
941 
942 	if (cstmt->c_continue)
943 		set_reached(true);
944 
945 	cpos = curr_pos;
946 	cspos = csrc_pos;
947 
948 	/* Restore the tree memory for the reinitialization expression */
949 	expr_restore_memory(cstmt->c_for_expr3_mem);
950 	tn3 = cstmt->c_for_expr3;
951 	curr_pos = cstmt->c_for_expr3_pos;
952 	csrc_pos = cstmt->c_for_expr3_csrc_pos;
953 
954 	/* simply "statement not reached" would be confusing */
955 	if (!reached && warn_about_unreachable) {
956 		/* end-of-loop code not reached */
957 		warning(223);
958 		set_reached(true);
959 	}
960 
961 	if (tn3 != NULL) {
962 		expr(tn3, false, false, true, false);
963 	} else {
964 		expr_free_all();
965 	}
966 
967 	curr_pos = cpos;
968 	csrc_pos = cspos;
969 
970 	/* An endless loop without break will never terminate */
971 	/* TODO: What if the loop contains a 'return'? */
972 	set_reached(cstmt->c_break || !cstmt->c_maybe_endless);
973 
974 	end_control_statement(CS_FOR);
975 }
976 
977 /*
978  * T_GOTO identifier T_SEMI
979  */
980 void
981 do_goto(sym_t *lab)
982 {
983 
984 	mark_as_used(lab, false, false);
985 
986 	check_statement_reachable();
987 
988 	set_reached(false);
989 }
990 
991 /*
992  * T_BREAK T_SEMI
993  */
994 void
995 do_break(void)
996 {
997 	cstk_t	*ci;
998 
999 	ci = cstmt;
1000 	while (ci != NULL && !ci->c_loop && !ci->c_switch)
1001 		ci = ci->c_surrounding;
1002 
1003 	if (ci == NULL) {
1004 		/* break outside loop or switch */
1005 		error(208);
1006 	} else {
1007 		if (reached)
1008 			ci->c_break = true;
1009 	}
1010 
1011 	if (bflag)
1012 		check_statement_reachable();
1013 
1014 	set_reached(false);
1015 }
1016 
1017 /*
1018  * T_CONTINUE T_SEMI
1019  */
1020 void
1021 do_continue(void)
1022 {
1023 	cstk_t	*ci;
1024 
1025 	for (ci = cstmt; ci != NULL && !ci->c_loop; ci = ci->c_surrounding)
1026 		continue;
1027 
1028 	if (ci == NULL) {
1029 		/* continue outside loop */
1030 		error(209);
1031 	} else {
1032 		/* TODO: only if reachable, for symmetry with c_break */
1033 		ci->c_continue = true;
1034 	}
1035 
1036 	check_statement_reachable();
1037 
1038 	set_reached(false);
1039 }
1040 
1041 /*
1042  * T_RETURN T_SEMI
1043  * T_RETURN expr T_SEMI
1044  */
1045 void
1046 do_return(tnode_t *tn)
1047 {
1048 	tnode_t	*ln, *rn;
1049 	cstk_t	*ci;
1050 	op_t	op;
1051 
1052 	for (ci = cstmt; ci->c_surrounding != NULL; ci = ci->c_surrounding)
1053 		continue;
1054 
1055 	if (tn != NULL)
1056 		ci->c_had_return_value = true;
1057 	else
1058 		ci->c_had_return_noval = true;
1059 
1060 	if (tn != NULL && funcsym->s_type->t_subt->t_tspec == VOID) {
1061 		/* void function %s cannot return value */
1062 		error(213, funcsym->s_name);
1063 		expr_free_all();
1064 		tn = NULL;
1065 	} else if (tn == NULL && funcsym->s_type->t_subt->t_tspec != VOID) {
1066 		/*
1067 		 * Assume that the function has a return value only if it
1068 		 * is explicitly declared.
1069 		 */
1070 		if (!funcsym->s_return_type_implicit_int)
1071 			/* function %s expects to return value */
1072 			warning(214, funcsym->s_name);
1073 	}
1074 
1075 	if (tn != NULL) {
1076 
1077 		/* Create a temporary node for the left side */
1078 		ln = expr_zalloc(sizeof(*ln));
1079 		ln->tn_op = NAME;
1080 		ln->tn_type = expr_dup_type(funcsym->s_type->t_subt);
1081 		ln->tn_type->t_const = false;
1082 		ln->tn_lvalue = true;
1083 		ln->tn_sym = funcsym;		/* better than nothing */
1084 
1085 		tn = build(RETURN, ln, tn);
1086 
1087 		if (tn != NULL) {
1088 			rn = tn->tn_right;
1089 			while ((op = rn->tn_op) == CVT || op == PLUS)
1090 				rn = rn->tn_left;
1091 			if (rn->tn_op == ADDR && rn->tn_left->tn_op == NAME &&
1092 			    rn->tn_left->tn_sym->s_scl == AUTO) {
1093 				/* %s returns pointer to automatic object */
1094 				warning(302, funcsym->s_name);
1095 			}
1096 		}
1097 
1098 		expr(tn, true, false, true, false);
1099 
1100 	} else {
1101 
1102 		check_statement_reachable();
1103 
1104 	}
1105 
1106 	set_reached(false);
1107 }
1108 
1109 /*
1110  * Do some cleanup after a global declaration or definition.
1111  * Especially remove information about unused lint comments.
1112  */
1113 void
1114 global_clean_up_decl(bool silent)
1115 {
1116 
1117 	if (nargusg != -1) {
1118 		if (!silent) {
1119 			/* must precede function definition: ** %s ** */
1120 			warning_at(282, &argsused_pos, "ARGSUSED");
1121 		}
1122 		nargusg = -1;
1123 	}
1124 	if (nvararg != -1) {
1125 		if (!silent) {
1126 			/* must precede function definition: ** %s ** */
1127 			warning_at(282, &vapos, "VARARGS");
1128 		}
1129 		nvararg = -1;
1130 	}
1131 	if (printflike_argnum != -1) {
1132 		if (!silent) {
1133 			/* must precede function definition: ** %s ** */
1134 			warning_at(282, &printflike_pos, "PRINTFLIKE");
1135 		}
1136 		printflike_argnum = -1;
1137 	}
1138 	if (scanflike_argnum != -1) {
1139 		if (!silent) {
1140 			/* must precede function definition: ** %s ** */
1141 			warning_at(282, &scanflike_pos, "SCANFLIKE");
1142 		}
1143 		scanflike_argnum = -1;
1144 	}
1145 
1146 	dcs->d_asm = false;
1147 
1148 	/*
1149 	 * Needed for BSD yacc in case of parse errors; GNU Bison 3.0.4 is
1150 	 * fine.  See gcc_attribute.c, function_with_unknown_attribute.
1151 	 */
1152 	attron = false;
1153 }
1154 
1155 /*
1156  * ARGSUSED comment
1157  *
1158  * Only the first n arguments of the following function are checked
1159  * for usage. A missing argument is taken to be 0.
1160  */
1161 void
1162 argsused(int n)
1163 {
1164 
1165 	if (n == -1)
1166 		n = 0;
1167 
1168 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1169 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1170 		warning(280, "ARGSUSED");
1171 		return;
1172 	}
1173 	if (nargusg != -1) {
1174 		/* duplicate use of ** %s ** */
1175 		warning(281, "ARGSUSED");
1176 	}
1177 	nargusg = n;
1178 	argsused_pos = curr_pos;
1179 }
1180 
1181 /*
1182  * VARARGS comment
1183  *
1184  * Causes lint2 to check only the first n arguments for compatibility
1185  * with the function definition. A missing argument is taken to be 0.
1186  */
1187 void
1188 varargs(int n)
1189 {
1190 
1191 	if (n == -1)
1192 		n = 0;
1193 
1194 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1195 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1196 		warning(280, "VARARGS");
1197 		return;
1198 	}
1199 	if (nvararg != -1) {
1200 		/* duplicate use of ** %s ** */
1201 		warning(281, "VARARGS");
1202 	}
1203 	nvararg = n;
1204 	vapos = curr_pos;
1205 }
1206 
1207 /*
1208  * PRINTFLIKE comment
1209  *
1210  * Check all arguments until the (n-1)-th as usual. The n-th argument is
1211  * used the check the types of remaining arguments.
1212  */
1213 void
1214 printflike(int n)
1215 {
1216 
1217 	if (n == -1)
1218 		n = 0;
1219 
1220 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1221 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1222 		warning(280, "PRINTFLIKE");
1223 		return;
1224 	}
1225 	if (printflike_argnum != -1) {
1226 		/* duplicate use of ** %s ** */
1227 		warning(281, "PRINTFLIKE");
1228 	}
1229 	printflike_argnum = n;
1230 	printflike_pos = curr_pos;
1231 }
1232 
1233 /*
1234  * SCANFLIKE comment
1235  *
1236  * Check all arguments until the (n-1)-th as usual. The n-th argument is
1237  * used the check the types of remaining arguments.
1238  */
1239 void
1240 scanflike(int n)
1241 {
1242 
1243 	if (n == -1)
1244 		n = 0;
1245 
1246 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1247 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1248 		warning(280, "SCANFLIKE");
1249 		return;
1250 	}
1251 	if (scanflike_argnum != -1) {
1252 		/* duplicate use of ** %s ** */
1253 		warning(281, "SCANFLIKE");
1254 	}
1255 	scanflike_argnum = n;
1256 	scanflike_pos = curr_pos;
1257 }
1258 
1259 /*
1260  * Set the line number for a CONSTCOND comment. At this and the following
1261  * line no warnings about constants in conditional contexts are printed.
1262  */
1263 /* ARGSUSED */
1264 void
1265 constcond(int n)
1266 {
1267 
1268 	constcond_flag = true;
1269 }
1270 
1271 /*
1272  * Suppress printing of "fallthrough on ..." warnings until next
1273  * statement.
1274  */
1275 /* ARGSUSED */
1276 void
1277 fallthru(int n)
1278 {
1279 
1280 	seen_fallthrough = true;
1281 }
1282 
1283 /*
1284  * Stop warnings about statements which cannot be reached. Also tells lint
1285  * that the following statements cannot be reached (e.g. after exit()).
1286  */
1287 /* ARGSUSED */
1288 void
1289 not_reached(int n)
1290 {
1291 
1292 	set_reached(false);
1293 	warn_about_unreachable = false;
1294 }
1295 
1296 /* ARGSUSED */
1297 void
1298 lintlib(int n)
1299 {
1300 
1301 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1302 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1303 		warning(280, "LINTLIBRARY");
1304 		return;
1305 	}
1306 	llibflg = true;
1307 	vflag = false;
1308 }
1309 
1310 /*
1311  * Suppress most warnings at the current and the following line.
1312  */
1313 /* ARGSUSED */
1314 void
1315 linted(int n)
1316 {
1317 
1318 #ifdef DEBUG
1319 	printf("%s, %d: lwarn = %d\n", curr_pos.p_file, curr_pos.p_line, n);
1320 #endif
1321 	lwarn = n;
1322 }
1323 
1324 /*
1325  * Suppress bitfield type errors on the current line.
1326  */
1327 /* ARGSUSED */
1328 void
1329 bitfieldtype(int n)
1330 {
1331 
1332 #ifdef DEBUG
1333 	printf("%s, %d: bitfieldtype_ok = true\n", curr_pos.p_file,
1334 	    curr_pos.p_line);
1335 #endif
1336 	bitfieldtype_ok = true;
1337 }
1338 
1339 /*
1340  * PROTOLIB in conjunction with LINTLIBRARY can be used to handle
1341  * prototypes like function definitions. This is done if the argument
1342  * to PROTOLIB is nonzero. Otherwise prototypes are handled normally.
1343  */
1344 void
1345 protolib(int n)
1346 {
1347 
1348 	if (dcs->d_ctx != EXTERN) {
1349 		/* must be outside function: ** %s ** */
1350 		warning(280, "PROTOLIB");
1351 		return;
1352 	}
1353 	plibflg = n != 0;
1354 }
1355 
1356 /* The next statement/declaration may use "long long" without a diagnostic. */
1357 /* ARGSUSED */
1358 void
1359 longlong(int n)
1360 {
1361 
1362 	quadflg = true;
1363 }
1364