1.\" $NetBSD: vmstat.1,v 1.16 2005/03/10 16:29:04 wiz Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD 17.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its 19.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived 20.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 23.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 24.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 25.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 26.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 27.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 28.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 29.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 30.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 31.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 32.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1993 35.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 36.\" 37.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 38.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 39.\" are met: 40.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 41.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 42.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 43.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 44.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 45.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 46.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 47.\" without specific prior written permission. 48.\" 49.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 50.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 51.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 52.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 53.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 54.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 55.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 56.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 57.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 58.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 59.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 60.\" 61.\" @(#)vmstat.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 62.\" 63.Dd March 10, 2005 64.Dt VMSTAT 1 65.Os 66.Sh NAME 67.Nm vmstat 68.Nd report virtual memory statistics 69.Sh SYNOPSIS 70.Nm 71.Op Fl efHiLlmstUvW 72.Op Fl c Ar count 73.Op Fl h Ar hashname 74.Op Fl M Ar core 75.Op Fl N Ar system 76.Op Fl u Ar histname 77.Op Fl w Ar wait 78.Op Ar disks 79.Sh DESCRIPTION 80.Nm 81reports certain kernel statistics kept about process, virtual memory, 82disk, trap, and CPU activity. 83.Pp 84The options are as follows: 85.Bl -tag -width xxxhistname 86.It Fl c Ar count 87Repeat the display 88.Ar count 89times. 90The first display is for the time since a reboot and each subsequent report 91is for the time period since the last display. 92If no 93.Ar wait 94interval is specified, the default is 1 second. 95.It Fl e 96Report the values of system event counters. 97.It Fl f 98Report fork statistics. 99.It Fl H 100Report all hash table statistics. 101.It Fl h Ar hashname 102Report hash table statistics for 103.Ar hashname . 104.It Fl i 105Report the values of system interrupt counters. 106.It Fl L 107List all the hashes supported for 108.Fl h 109and 110.Fl H . 111.It Fl l 112List the UVM histories being maintained by the kernel. 113.It Fl M Ar core 114Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core 115instead of the default 116.Pa /dev/mem . 117.It Fl m 118Report on the usage of kernel dynamic memory listed first by size of 119allocation and then by type of usage, 120followed by a list of the kernel memory pools and their usage. 121.It Fl N Ar system 122Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default 123.Pa /netbsd . 124.It Fl s 125Display the contents of the 126.Dv uvmexp 127structure. 128This contains various paging event and memory status counters. 129.It Fl t 130Display the contents of the 131.Dv vmtotal 132structure. 133This includes information about processes and virtual memory. 134.Pp 135The process part shows the number of processes in the following states: 136.Pp 137.Bl -tag -width abc -compact 138.It ru 139on the run queue 140.It dw 141in disk I/O wait 142.It pw 143waiting for paging 144.It sl 145sleeping while resident 146.It sw 147swapped out, but either runnable or in short-term blocking state 148.El 149.Pp 150The virtual memory section shows: 151.Pp 152.Bl -tag -width abcdefgh -compact 153.It total-v 154Total virtual memory 155.It active-v 156Active virtual memory in use 157.It active-r 158Active real memory in use 159.It vm-sh 160Shared virtual memory 161.It avm-sh 162Active shared virtual memory 163.It rm-sh 164Shared real memory 165.It arm-sh 166Active shared real memory 167.It free 168Free memory 169.El 170.Pp 171All memory values are shown in number of pages. 172.It Fl U 173Dump all UVM histories. 174.It Fl u Ar histname 175Dump the specified UVM history. 176.It Fl v 177Print more verbose information. 178When used with the 179.Fl i , 180.Fl e , 181or 182.Fl m 183options prints out all counters, not just those with non-zero values. 184.It Fl W 185Print more verbose information about kernel memory pools. 186.It Fl w Ar wait 187Pause 188.Ar wait 189seconds between each display. 190If no repeat 191.Ar count 192is specified, the default is infinity. 193.El 194.Pp 195By default, 196.Nm 197displays the following information: 198.Pp 199.Bl -tag -width memory 200.It procs 201Information about the numbers of processes in various states. 202.Pp 203.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 204.It r 205in run queue 206.It b 207blocked for resources (i/o, paging, etc.) 208.It w 209runnable or short sleeper (\*[Lt] 20 secs) but swapped 210.El 211.It memory 212Information about the usage of virtual and real memory. 213Virtual pages (reported in units of 1024 bytes) are considered active if 214they belong to processes which are running or have run in the last 20 215seconds. 216.Pp 217.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 218.It avm 219active virtual pages 220.It fre 221size of the free list 222.El 223.It page 224Information about page faults and paging activity. 225These are averaged every five seconds, and given in units per second. 226.Pp 227.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 228.It flt 229total page faults 230.It re 231page reclaims (simulating reference bits) 232.It pi 233pages paged in 234.It po 235pages paged out 236.It fr 237pages freed per second 238.It sr 239pages scanned by clock algorithm, per-second 240.El 241.It disks 242Disk transfers per second. 243Typically paging will be split across the available drives. 244The header of the field is the first character of the disk name and 245the unit number. 246If more than four disk drives are configured in the system, 247.Nm 248displays only the first four drives. 249To force 250.Nm 251to display specific drives, their names may be supplied on the command line. 252.It faults 253Trap/interrupt rate averages per second over last 5 seconds. 254.Pp 255.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 256.It in 257device interrupts per interval (including clock interrupts) 258.It sy 259system calls per interval 260.It cs 261CPU context switch rate (switches/interval) 262.El 263.It cpu 264Breakdown of percentage usage of CPU time. 265.Pp 266.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 267.It us 268user time for normal and low priority processes 269.It sy 270system time 271.It id 272CPU idle 273.El 274.El 275.Sh FILES 276.Bl -tag -width eeenymeeny -compact 277.It Pa /netbsd 278default kernel namelist 279.It Pa /dev/mem 280default memory file 281.El 282.Sh EXAMPLES 283The command 284.Dq Li vmstat -w 5 285will print what the system is doing every five 286seconds; this is a good choice of printing interval since this is how often 287some of the statistics are sampled in the system. 288Others vary every second and running the output for a while will make it 289apparent which are recomputed every second. 290.Sh SEE ALSO 291.Xr fstat 1 , 292.Xr netstat 1 , 293.Xr nfsstat 1 , 294.Xr ps 1 , 295.Xr systat 1 , 296.Xr iostat 8 , 297.Xr pstat 8 298.Pp 299The sections starting with 300.Dq Interpreting system activity 301in 302.%T Installing and Operating 4.3BSD . 303.Sh BUGS 304The 305.Fl c 306and 307.Fl w 308options are only available with the default output. 309.Pp 310The 311.Fl l , 312.Fl U , 313and 314.Fl u 315options are useful only if the system was compiled with support for UVM 316history. 317