1.\" $NetBSD: vmstat.1,v 1.17 2007/11/07 00:24:18 ad Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2000, 2007 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD 17.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its 19.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived 20.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 23.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 24.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 25.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 26.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 27.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 28.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 29.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 30.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 31.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 32.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1993 35.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 36.\" 37.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 38.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 39.\" are met: 40.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 41.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 42.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 43.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 44.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 45.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 46.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 47.\" without specific prior written permission. 48.\" 49.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 50.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 51.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 52.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 53.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 54.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 55.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 56.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 57.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 58.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 59.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 60.\" 61.\" @(#)vmstat.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 62.\" 63.Dd November 6, 2007 64.Dt VMSTAT 1 65.Os 66.Sh NAME 67.Nm vmstat 68.Nd report virtual memory statistics 69.Sh SYNOPSIS 70.Nm 71.Op Fl CefHiLlmstUvW 72.Op Fl c Ar count 73.Op Fl h Ar hashname 74.Op Fl M Ar core 75.Op Fl N Ar system 76.Op Fl u Ar histname 77.Op Fl w Ar wait 78.Op Ar disks 79.Sh DESCRIPTION 80.Nm 81reports certain kernel statistics kept about process, virtual memory, 82disk, trap, and CPU activity. 83.Pp 84The options are as follows: 85.Bl -tag -width xxxhistname 86.It Fl C 87Report on kernel memory caches. 88Combine with the 89.Fl m 90option to see information about memory pools that back the caches. 91.It Fl c Ar count 92Repeat the display 93.Ar count 94times. 95The first display is for the time since a reboot and each subsequent report 96is for the time period since the last display. 97If no 98.Ar wait 99interval is specified, the default is 1 second. 100.It Fl e 101Report the values of system event counters. 102.It Fl f 103Report fork statistics. 104.It Fl H 105Report all hash table statistics. 106.It Fl h Ar hashname 107Report hash table statistics for 108.Ar hashname . 109.It Fl i 110Report the values of system interrupt counters. 111.It Fl L 112List all the hashes supported for 113.Fl h 114and 115.Fl H . 116.It Fl l 117List the UVM histories being maintained by the kernel. 118.It Fl M Ar core 119Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core 120instead of the default 121.Pa /dev/mem . 122.It Fl m 123Report on the usage of kernel dynamic memory listed first by size of 124allocation and then by type of usage, 125followed by a list of the kernel memory pools and their usage. 126.It Fl N Ar system 127Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default 128.Pa /netbsd . 129.It Fl s 130Display the contents of the 131.Dv uvmexp 132structure. 133This contains various paging event and memory status counters. 134.It Fl t 135Display the contents of the 136.Dv vmtotal 137structure. 138This includes information about processes and virtual memory. 139.Pp 140The process part shows the number of processes in the following states: 141.Pp 142.Bl -tag -width abc -compact 143.It ru 144on the run queue 145.It dw 146in disk I/O wait 147.It pw 148waiting for paging 149.It sl 150sleeping while resident 151.It sw 152swapped out, but either runnable or in short-term blocking state 153.El 154.Pp 155The virtual memory section shows: 156.Pp 157.Bl -tag -width abcdefgh -compact 158.It total-v 159Total virtual memory 160.It active-v 161Active virtual memory in use 162.It active-r 163Active real memory in use 164.It vm-sh 165Shared virtual memory 166.It avm-sh 167Active shared virtual memory 168.It rm-sh 169Shared real memory 170.It arm-sh 171Active shared real memory 172.It free 173Free memory 174.El 175.Pp 176All memory values are shown in number of pages. 177.It Fl U 178Dump all UVM histories. 179.It Fl u Ar histname 180Dump the specified UVM history. 181.It Fl v 182Print more verbose information. 183When used with the 184.Fl i , 185.Fl e , 186or 187.Fl m 188options prints out all counters, not just those with non-zero values. 189.It Fl W 190Print more verbose information about kernel memory pools. 191.It Fl w Ar wait 192Pause 193.Ar wait 194seconds between each display. 195If no repeat 196.Ar count 197is specified, the default is infinity. 198.El 199.Pp 200By default, 201.Nm 202displays the following information: 203.Pp 204.Bl -tag -width memory 205.It procs 206Information about the numbers of processes in various states. 207.Pp 208.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 209.It r 210in run queue 211.It b 212blocked for resources (i/o, paging, etc.) 213.It w 214runnable or short sleeper (\*[Lt] 20 secs) but swapped 215.El 216.It memory 217Information about the usage of virtual and real memory. 218Virtual pages (reported in units of 1024 bytes) are considered active if 219they belong to processes which are running or have run in the last 20 220seconds. 221.Pp 222.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 223.It avm 224active virtual pages 225.It fre 226size of the free list 227.El 228.It page 229Information about page faults and paging activity. 230These are averaged every five seconds, and given in units per second. 231.Pp 232.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 233.It flt 234total page faults 235.It re 236page reclaims (simulating reference bits) 237.It pi 238pages paged in 239.It po 240pages paged out 241.It fr 242pages freed per second 243.It sr 244pages scanned by clock algorithm, per-second 245.El 246.It disks 247Disk transfers per second. 248Typically paging will be split across the available drives. 249The header of the field is the first character of the disk name and 250the unit number. 251If more than four disk drives are configured in the system, 252.Nm 253displays only the first four drives. 254To force 255.Nm 256to display specific drives, their names may be supplied on the command line. 257.It faults 258Trap/interrupt rate averages per second over last 5 seconds. 259.Pp 260.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 261.It in 262device interrupts per interval (including clock interrupts) 263.It sy 264system calls per interval 265.It cs 266CPU context switch rate (switches/interval) 267.El 268.It cpu 269Breakdown of percentage usage of CPU time. 270.Pp 271.Bl -tag -width abcd -compact 272.It us 273user time for normal and low priority processes 274.It sy 275system time 276.It id 277CPU idle 278.El 279.El 280.Sh FILES 281.Bl -tag -width eeenymeeny -compact 282.It Pa /netbsd 283default kernel namelist 284.It Pa /dev/mem 285default memory file 286.El 287.Sh EXAMPLES 288The command 289.Dq Li vmstat -w 5 290will print what the system is doing every five 291seconds; this is a good choice of printing interval since this is how often 292some of the statistics are sampled in the system. 293Others vary every second and running the output for a while will make it 294apparent which are recomputed every second. 295.Sh SEE ALSO 296.Xr fstat 1 , 297.Xr netstat 1 , 298.Xr nfsstat 1 , 299.Xr ps 1 , 300.Xr systat 1 , 301.Xr iostat 8 , 302.Xr pstat 8 303.Pp 304The sections starting with 305.Dq Interpreting system activity 306in 307.%T Installing and Operating 4.3BSD . 308.Sh BUGS 309The 310.Fl c 311and 312.Fl w 313options are only available with the default output. 314.Pp 315The 316.Fl l , 317.Fl U , 318and 319.Fl u 320options are useful only if the system was compiled with support for UVM 321history. 322