1.\" $NetBSD: time.1,v 1.28 2017/07/15 14:40:36 wiz Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 15.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 16.\" without specific prior written permission. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 19.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 21.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 22.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 23.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 24.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 25.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 26.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 27.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 28.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" @(#)time.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 31.\" 32.Dd July 15, 2017 33.Dt TIME 1 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm time 37.Nd time command execution 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Op Fl clp 41.Op Fl f Ar fmt 42.Ar command 43.Op Ar argument ... 44.Sh DESCRIPTION 45The 46.Nm 47utility 48executes and 49times 50.Ar command . 51After the command finishes, 52.Nm 53writes the total elapsed time (wall clock time), 54.Pq Dq real , 55the CPU time spent executing 56.Ar command 57at user level 58.Pq Dq user , 59and the CPU time spent executing in the operating system kernel 60.Pq Dq sys , 61to the standard error stream. 62Times are reported in seconds. 63.Pp 64Available options: 65.Bl -tag -width Ds 66.It Fl c 67Displays information in the format used by default the 68.Nm 69builtin of 70.Xr csh 1 71uses (%Uu %Ss %E %P %X+%Dk %I+%Oio %Fpf+%Ww). 72.It Fl f 73Specify a time format using the 74.Xr csh 1 75.Nm 76builtin syntax. 77The following sequences may be used in the format string: 78.Pp 79.Bl -tag -width 4n -compact 80.It \&%U 81The time the process spent in user mode in cpu seconds. 82.It \&%S 83The time the process spent in kernel mode in cpu seconds. 84.It \&%E 85The elapsed (wall clock) time in seconds. 86.It \&%P 87The CPU percentage computed as (%U + %S) / %E. 88.It \&%W 89Number of times the process was swapped. 90.It \&%X 91The average amount in (shared) text space used in Kbytes. 92.It \&%D 93The average amount in (unshared) data/stack space used in Kbytes. 94.It \&%K 95The total space used (%X + %D) in Kbytes. 96.It \&%M 97The maximum memory the process had in use at any time in Kbytes. 98.It \&%F 99The number of major page faults (page needed to be brought from disk). 100.It \&%R 101The number of minor page faults. 102.It \&%I 103The number of input operations. 104.It \&%O 105The number of output operations. 106.It \&%r 107The number of socket messages received. 108.It \&%s 109The number of socket messages sent. 110.It \&%k 111The number of signals received. 112.It \&%w 113The number of voluntary context switches (waits). 114.It \&%c 115The number of involuntary context switches. 116.El 117.It Fl l 118Lists resource utilization information. 119The contents of the 120.Ar command 121process's 122.Em rusage 123structure are printed; see below. 124.It Fl p 125The output is formatted as specified by 126.St -p1003.2-92 . 127.El 128.Pp 129Some shells, such as 130.Xr csh 1 131and 132.Xr ksh 1 , 133have their own and syntactically different built-in version of 134.Nm . 135The utility described here 136is available as 137.Pa /usr/bin/time 138to users of these shells. 139.Ss Resource Utilization 140If the 141.Fl l 142option is given, the following resource usage 143information is displayed 144in addition to the timing information: 145.Bl -item -offset indent -compact 146.It 147maximum resident set size 148.It 149average shared memory size 150.It 151average unshared data size 152.It 153average unshared stack size 154.It 155page reclaims 156.It 157page faults 158.It 159swaps 160.It 161block input operations 162.It 163block output operations 164.It 165messages sent 166.It 167messages received 168.It 169signals received 170.It 171voluntary context switches 172.It 173involuntary context switches 174.El 175Resource usage is the total for the execution of 176.Ar command 177and any child processes it spawns, as per 178.Xr wait4 2 . 179.Sh FILES 180.Bl -tag -width Xsys/resource.hX -compact 181.It Aq sys/resource.h 182.El 183.Sh EXIT STATUS 184The 185.Nm 186utility exits with one of the following values: 187.Bl -tag -width indent 188.It 1-125 189An error occurred in the 190.Nm 191utility. 192.It 126 193The 194.Ar command 195was found but could not be invoked. 196.It 127 197The 198.Ar command 199could not be found. 200.El 201.Pp 202Otherwise, the exit status of 203.Nm 204will be that of 205.Ar command . 206.Sh SEE ALSO 207.Xr csh 1 , 208.Xr ksh 1 , 209.Xr clock_gettime 2 , 210.Xr getrusage 2 , 211.Xr wait4 2 212.Sh STANDARDS 213The 214.Nm 215utility conforms to 216.St -p1003.2-92 . 217.Sh BUGS 218The granularity of seconds on microprocessors is crude and 219can result in times being reported for CPU usage which are too large by 220a second. 221