xref: /netbsd-src/usr.bin/stat/stat.c (revision 466a16a118933bd295a8a104f095714fadf9cf68)
1 /*	$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.27 2008/05/16 17:58:33 atatat Exp $ */
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
33 #include "nbtool_config.h"
34 #endif
35 
36 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
37 #if !defined(lint)
38 __RCSID("$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.27 2008/05/16 17:58:33 atatat Exp $");
39 #endif
40 
41 #if ! HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
42 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
43 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN 1
44 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME 1
45 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMENSEC 1
46 #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC 1
47 #define HAVE_DEVNAME 1
48 #endif /* HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H */
49 
50 #include <sys/types.h>
51 #include <sys/stat.h>
52 
53 #include <ctype.h>
54 #include <err.h>
55 #include <errno.h>
56 #include <grp.h>
57 #include <limits.h>
58 #include <pwd.h>
59 #include <stdio.h>
60 #include <stdlib.h>
61 #include <string.h>
62 #include <time.h>
63 #include <unistd.h>
64 
65 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
66 #define DEF_F "%#Xf "
67 #define RAW_F "%f "
68 #define SHELL_F " st_flags=%f"
69 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
70 #define DEF_F
71 #define RAW_F
72 #define SHELL_F
73 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
74 
75 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
76 #define DEF_B "\"%SB\" "
77 #define RAW_B "%B "
78 #define SHELL_B "st_birthtime=%B "
79 #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
80 #define DEF_B
81 #define RAW_B
82 #define SHELL_B
83 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
84 
85 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM
86 #define st_atimespec st_atim
87 #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
88 #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
89 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM */
90 
91 #define DEF_FORMAT \
92 	"%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \"%Sa\" \"%Sm\" \"%Sc\" " DEF_B \
93 	"%k %b " DEF_F "%N"
94 #define RAW_FORMAT	"%d %i %#p %l %u %g %r %z %a %m %c " RAW_B \
95 	"%k %b " RAW_F "%N"
96 #define LS_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY"
97 #define LSF_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%T%SY"
98 #define SHELL_FORMAT \
99 	"st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l " \
100 	"st_uid=%u st_gid=%g st_rdev=%r st_size=%z " \
101 	"st_atime=%a st_mtime=%m st_ctime=%c " SHELL_B \
102 	"st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b" SHELL_F
103 #define LINUX_FORMAT \
104 	"  File: \"%N\"%n" \
105 	"  Size: %-11z  FileType: %HT%n" \
106 	"  Mode: (%04OLp/%.10Sp)         Uid: (%5u/%8Su)  Gid: (%5g/%8Sg)%n" \
107 	"Device: %Hd,%Ld   Inode: %i    Links: %l%n" \
108 	"Access: %Sa%n" \
109 	"Modify: %Sm%n" \
110 	"Change: %Sc"
111 
112 #define TIME_FORMAT	"%b %e %T %Y"
113 
114 #define FLAG_POUND	0x01
115 #define FLAG_SPACE	0x02
116 #define FLAG_PLUS	0x04
117 #define FLAG_ZERO	0x08
118 #define FLAG_MINUS	0x10
119 
120 /*
121  * These format characters must all be unique, except the magic one.
122  */
123 #define FMT_MAGIC	'%'
124 #define FMT_DOT		'.'
125 
126 #define SIMPLE_NEWLINE	'n'
127 #define SIMPLE_TAB	't'
128 #define SIMPLE_PERCENT	'%'
129 #define SIMPLE_NUMBER	'@'
130 
131 #define FMT_POUND	'#'
132 #define FMT_SPACE	' '
133 #define FMT_PLUS	'+'
134 #define FMT_ZERO	'0'
135 #define FMT_MINUS	'-'
136 
137 #define FMT_DECIMAL 	'D'
138 #define FMT_OCTAL 	'O'
139 #define FMT_UNSIGNED 	'U'
140 #define FMT_HEX 	'X'
141 #define FMT_FLOAT 	'F'
142 #define FMT_STRING 	'S'
143 
144 #define FMTF_DECIMAL	0x01
145 #define FMTF_OCTAL	0x02
146 #define FMTF_UNSIGNED	0x04
147 #define FMTF_HEX	0x08
148 #define FMTF_FLOAT	0x10
149 #define FMTF_STRING	0x20
150 
151 #define HIGH_PIECE	'H'
152 #define MIDDLE_PIECE	'M'
153 #define LOW_PIECE	'L'
154 
155 #define	SHOW_realpath	'R'
156 #define SHOW_st_dev	'd'
157 #define SHOW_st_ino	'i'
158 #define SHOW_st_mode	'p'
159 #define SHOW_st_nlink	'l'
160 #define SHOW_st_uid	'u'
161 #define SHOW_st_gid	'g'
162 #define SHOW_st_rdev	'r'
163 #define SHOW_st_atime	'a'
164 #define SHOW_st_mtime	'm'
165 #define SHOW_st_ctime	'c'
166 #define SHOW_st_btime	'B'
167 #define SHOW_st_size	'z'
168 #define SHOW_st_blocks	'b'
169 #define SHOW_st_blksize	'k'
170 #define SHOW_st_flags	'f'
171 #define SHOW_st_gen	'v'
172 #define SHOW_symlink	'Y'
173 #define SHOW_filetype	'T'
174 #define SHOW_filename	'N'
175 #define SHOW_sizerdev	'Z'
176 
177 void	usage(const char *);
178 void	output(const struct stat *, const char *,
179 	    const char *, int, int, int);
180 int	format1(const struct stat *,	/* stat info */
181 	    const char *,		/* the file name */
182 	    const char *, int,		/* the format string itself */
183 	    char *, size_t,		/* a place to put the output */
184 	    int, int, int, int,		/* the parsed format */
185 	    int, int);
186 
187 char *timefmt;
188 int linkfail;
189 
190 #define addchar(s, c, nl) \
191 	do { \
192 		(void)fputc((c), (s)); \
193 		(*nl) = ((c) == '\n'); \
194 	} while (0/*CONSTCOND*/)
195 
196 int
197 main(int argc, char *argv[])
198 {
199 	struct stat st;
200 	int ch, rc, errs, am_readlink;
201 	int lsF, fmtchar, usestat, fn, nonl, quiet;
202 	char *statfmt, *options, *synopsis;
203 
204 	am_readlink = 0;
205 	lsF = 0;
206 	fmtchar = '\0';
207 	usestat = 0;
208 	nonl = 0;
209 	quiet = 0;
210 	linkfail = 0;
211 	statfmt = NULL;
212 	timefmt = NULL;
213 
214 	if (strcmp(getprogname(), "readlink") == 0) {
215 		am_readlink = 1;
216 		options = "fn";
217 		synopsis = "[-fn] [file ...]";
218 		statfmt = "%Y";
219 		fmtchar = 'f';
220 		quiet = 1;
221 	} else {
222 		options = "f:FlLnqrst:x";
223 		synopsis = "[-FlLnqrsx] [-f format] [-t timefmt] [file ...]";
224 	}
225 
226 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, options)) != -1)
227 		switch (ch) {
228 		case 'F':
229 			lsF = 1;
230 			break;
231 		case 'L':
232 			usestat = 1;
233 			break;
234 		case 'n':
235 			nonl = 1;
236 			break;
237 		case 'q':
238 			quiet = 1;
239 			break;
240 		case 'f':
241 			if (am_readlink) {
242 				statfmt = "%R";
243 				break;
244 			}
245 			statfmt = optarg;
246 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
247 		case 'l':
248 		case 'r':
249 		case 's':
250 		case 'x':
251 			if (fmtchar != 0)
252 				errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with '%c'",
253 				    fmtchar, ch);
254 			fmtchar = ch;
255 			break;
256 		case 't':
257 			timefmt = optarg;
258 			break;
259 		default:
260 			usage(synopsis);
261 		}
262 
263 	argc -= optind;
264 	argv += optind;
265 	fn = 1;
266 
267 	if (fmtchar == '\0') {
268 		if (lsF)
269 			fmtchar = 'l';
270 		else {
271 			fmtchar = 'f';
272 			statfmt = DEF_FORMAT;
273 		}
274 	}
275 
276 	if (lsF && fmtchar != 'l')
277 		errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with -F", fmtchar);
278 
279 	switch (fmtchar) {
280 	case 'f':
281 		/* statfmt already set */
282 		break;
283 	case 'l':
284 		statfmt = lsF ? LSF_FORMAT : LS_FORMAT;
285 		break;
286 	case 'r':
287 		statfmt = RAW_FORMAT;
288 		break;
289 	case 's':
290 		statfmt = SHELL_FORMAT;
291 		break;
292 	case 'x':
293 		statfmt = LINUX_FORMAT;
294 		if (timefmt == NULL)
295 			timefmt = "%c";
296 		break;
297 	default:
298 		usage(synopsis);
299 		/*NOTREACHED*/
300 	}
301 
302 	if (timefmt == NULL)
303 		timefmt = TIME_FORMAT;
304 
305 	errs = 0;
306 	do {
307 		if (argc == 0)
308 			rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st);
309 		else if (usestat) {
310 			/*
311 			 * Try stat() and if it fails, fall back to
312 			 * lstat() just in case we're examining a
313 			 * broken symlink.
314 			 */
315 			if ((rc = stat(argv[0], &st)) == -1 &&
316 			    errno == ENOENT &&
317 			    (rc = lstat(argv[0], &st)) == -1)
318 				errno = ENOENT;
319 		}
320 		else
321 			rc = lstat(argv[0], &st);
322 
323 		if (rc == -1) {
324 			errs = 1;
325 			linkfail = 1;
326 			if (!quiet)
327 				warn("%s: %s",
328 				    argc == 0 ? "(stdin)" : argv[0],
329 				    usestat ? "stat" : "lstat");
330 		}
331 		else
332 			output(&st, argv[0], statfmt, fn, nonl, quiet);
333 
334 		argv++;
335 		argc--;
336 		fn++;
337 	} while (argc > 0);
338 
339 	return (am_readlink ? linkfail : errs);
340 }
341 
342 void
343 usage(const char *synopsis)
344 {
345 
346 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", getprogname(), synopsis);
347 	exit(1);
348 }
349 
350 /*
351  * Parses a format string.
352  */
353 void
354 output(const struct stat *st, const char *file,
355     const char *statfmt, int fn, int nonl, int quiet)
356 {
357 	int flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what;
358 	char buf[PATH_MAX + 4 + 1];
359 	const char *subfmt;
360 	int nl, t, i;
361 
362 	nl = 1;
363 	while (*statfmt != '\0') {
364 
365 		/*
366 		 * Non-format characters go straight out.
367 		 */
368 		if (*statfmt != FMT_MAGIC) {
369 			addchar(stdout, *statfmt, &nl);
370 			statfmt++;
371 			continue;
372 		}
373 
374 		/*
375 		 * The current format "substring" starts here,
376 		 * and then we skip the magic.
377 		 */
378 		subfmt = statfmt;
379 		statfmt++;
380 
381 		/*
382 		 * Some simple one-character "formats".
383 		 */
384 		switch (*statfmt) {
385 		case SIMPLE_NEWLINE:
386 			addchar(stdout, '\n', &nl);
387 			statfmt++;
388 			continue;
389 		case SIMPLE_TAB:
390 			addchar(stdout, '\t', &nl);
391 			statfmt++;
392 			continue;
393 		case SIMPLE_PERCENT:
394 			addchar(stdout, '%', &nl);
395 			statfmt++;
396 			continue;
397 		case SIMPLE_NUMBER: {
398 			char num[12], *p;
399 
400 			snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", fn);
401 			for (p = &num[0]; *p; p++)
402 				addchar(stdout, *p, &nl);
403 			statfmt++;
404 			continue;
405 		}
406 		}
407 
408 		/*
409 		 * This must be an actual format string.  Format strings are
410 		 * similar to printf(3) formats up to a point, and are of
411 		 * the form:
412 		 *
413 		 *	%	required start of format
414 		 *	[-# +0]	opt. format characters
415 		 *	size	opt. field width
416 		 *	.	opt. decimal separator, followed by
417 		 *	prec	opt. precision
418 		 *	fmt	opt. output specifier (string, numeric, etc.)
419 		 *	sub	opt. sub field specifier (high, middle, low)
420 		 *	datum	required field specifier (size, mode, etc)
421 		 *
422 		 * Only the % and the datum selector are required.  All data
423 		 * have reasonable default output forms.  The "sub" specifier
424 		 * only applies to certain data (mode, dev, rdev, filetype).
425 		 * The symlink output defaults to STRING, yet will only emit
426 		 * the leading " -> " if STRING is explicitly specified.  The
427 		 * sizerdev datum will generate rdev output for character or
428 		 * block devices, and size output for all others.
429 		 */
430 		flags = 0;
431 		do {
432 			if      (*statfmt == FMT_POUND)
433 				flags |= FLAG_POUND;
434 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_SPACE)
435 				flags |= FLAG_SPACE;
436 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_PLUS)
437 				flags |= FLAG_PLUS;
438 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_ZERO)
439 				flags |= FLAG_ZERO;
440 			else if (*statfmt == FMT_MINUS)
441 				flags |= FLAG_MINUS;
442 			else
443 				break;
444 			statfmt++;
445 		} while (1/*CONSTCOND*/);
446 
447 		size = -1;
448 		if (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
449 			size = 0;
450 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
451 				size = (size * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
452 				statfmt++;
453 				if (size < 0)
454 					goto badfmt;
455 			}
456 		}
457 
458 		prec = -1;
459 		if (*statfmt == FMT_DOT) {
460 			statfmt++;
461 
462 			prec = 0;
463 			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
464 				prec = (prec * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
465 				statfmt++;
466 				if (prec < 0)
467 					goto badfmt;
468 			}
469 		}
470 
471 #define fmtcase(x, y)		case (y): (x) = (y); statfmt++; break
472 #define fmtcasef(x, y, z)	case (y): (x) = (z); statfmt++; break
473 		switch (*statfmt) {
474 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_DECIMAL,	FMTF_DECIMAL);
475 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_OCTAL,	FMTF_OCTAL);
476 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_UNSIGNED,	FMTF_UNSIGNED);
477 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_HEX,		FMTF_HEX);
478 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_FLOAT,	FMTF_FLOAT);
479 			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_STRING,	FMTF_STRING);
480 		default:
481 			ofmt = 0;
482 			break;
483 		}
484 
485 		switch (*statfmt) {
486 			fmtcase(hilo, HIGH_PIECE);
487 			fmtcase(hilo, MIDDLE_PIECE);
488 			fmtcase(hilo, LOW_PIECE);
489 		default:
490 			hilo = 0;
491 			break;
492 		}
493 
494 		switch (*statfmt) {
495 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_realpath);
496 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_dev);
497 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ino);
498 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode);
499 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_nlink);
500 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_uid);
501 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gid);
502 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_rdev);
503 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_atime);
504 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mtime);
505 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ctime);
506 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_btime);
507 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_size);
508 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blocks);
509 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blksize);
510 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_flags);
511 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gen);
512 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_symlink);
513 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filetype);
514 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filename);
515 			fmtcase(what, SHOW_sizerdev);
516 		default:
517 			goto badfmt;
518 		}
519 #undef fmtcasef
520 #undef fmtcase
521 
522 		t = format1(st,
523 		     file,
524 		     subfmt, statfmt - subfmt,
525 		     buf, sizeof(buf),
526 		     flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what);
527 
528 		for (i = 0; i < t && i < sizeof(buf) - 1; i++)
529 			addchar(stdout, buf[i], &nl);
530 
531 		continue;
532 
533 	badfmt:
534 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format",
535 		    (int)(statfmt - subfmt + 1), subfmt);
536 	}
537 
538 	if (!nl && !nonl)
539 		(void)fputc('\n', stdout);
540 	(void)fflush(stdout);
541 }
542 
543 /*
544  * Arranges output according to a single parsed format substring.
545  */
546 int
547 format1(const struct stat *st,
548     const char *file,
549     const char *fmt, int flen,
550     char *buf, size_t blen,
551     int flags, int size, int prec, int ofmt,
552     int hilo, int what)
553 {
554 	u_int64_t data;
555 	char *sdata, lfmt[24], tmp[20];
556 	char smode[12], sid[12], path[PATH_MAX + 4];
557 	struct passwd *pw;
558 	struct group *gr;
559 	struct tm *tm;
560 	time_t secs;
561 	long nsecs;
562 	int l, small, formats, gottime, shift;
563 
564 	formats = 0;
565 	small = 0;
566 	gottime = 0;
567 	secs = 0;
568 	nsecs = 0;
569 	shift = 0;
570 
571 	/*
572 	 * First, pick out the data and tweak it based on hilo or
573 	 * specified output format (symlink output only).
574 	 */
575 	switch (what) {
576 	case SHOW_st_dev:
577 	case SHOW_st_rdev:
578 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
579 		data = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ? st->st_dev : st->st_rdev;
580 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
581 		sdata = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ?
582 		    devname(st->st_dev, S_IFBLK) :
583 		    devname(st->st_rdev,
584 		    S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) ? S_IFCHR :
585 		    S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) ? S_IFBLK :
586 		    0U);
587 		if (sdata == NULL)
588 			sdata = "???";
589 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
590 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
591 			data = major(data);
592 			hilo = 0;
593 		}
594 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
595 			data = minor((unsigned)data);
596 			hilo = 0;
597 		}
598 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
599 #if HAVE_DEVNAME
600 		    FMTF_STRING;
601 #else /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
602 		    0;
603 #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
604 		if (ofmt == 0)
605 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
606 		break;
607 	case SHOW_st_ino:
608 		small = (sizeof(st->st_ino) == 4);
609 		data = st->st_ino;
610 		sdata = NULL;
611 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
612 		if (ofmt == 0)
613 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
614 		break;
615 	case SHOW_st_mode:
616 		small = (sizeof(st->st_mode) == 4);
617 		data = st->st_mode;
618 		strmode(st->st_mode, smode);
619 		sdata = smode;
620 		l = strlen(sdata);
621 		if (sdata[l - 1] == ' ')
622 			sdata[--l] = '\0';
623 		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
624 			data >>= 12;
625 			sdata += 1;
626 			sdata[3] = '\0';
627 			hilo = 0;
628 		}
629 		else if (hilo == MIDDLE_PIECE) {
630 			data = (data >> 9) & 07;
631 			sdata += 4;
632 			sdata[3] = '\0';
633 			hilo = 0;
634 		}
635 		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
636 			data &= 0777;
637 			sdata += 7;
638 			sdata[3] = '\0';
639 			hilo = 0;
640 		}
641 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
642 		    FMTF_STRING;
643 		if (ofmt == 0)
644 			ofmt = FMTF_OCTAL;
645 		break;
646 	case SHOW_st_nlink:
647 		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
648 		data = st->st_nlink;
649 		sdata = NULL;
650 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
651 		if (ofmt == 0)
652 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
653 		break;
654 	case SHOW_st_uid:
655 		small = (sizeof(st->st_uid) == 4);
656 		data = st->st_uid;
657 		if ((pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid)) != NULL)
658 			sdata = pw->pw_name;
659 		else {
660 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_uid);
661 			sdata = sid;
662 		}
663 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
664 		    FMTF_STRING;
665 		if (ofmt == 0)
666 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
667 		break;
668 	case SHOW_st_gid:
669 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gid) == 4);
670 		data = st->st_gid;
671 		if ((gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid)) != NULL)
672 			sdata = gr->gr_name;
673 		else {
674 			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_gid);
675 			sdata = sid;
676 		}
677 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
678 		    FMTF_STRING;
679 		if (ofmt == 0)
680 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
681 		break;
682 	case SHOW_st_atime:
683 		gottime = 1;
684 		secs = st->st_atime;
685 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
686 		nsecs = st->st_atimensec;
687 #endif
688 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
689 	case SHOW_st_mtime:
690 		if (!gottime) {
691 			gottime = 1;
692 			secs = st->st_mtime;
693 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
694 			nsecs = st->st_mtimensec;
695 #endif
696 		}
697 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
698 	case SHOW_st_ctime:
699 		if (!gottime) {
700 			gottime = 1;
701 			secs = st->st_ctime;
702 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
703 			nsecs = st->st_ctimensec;
704 #endif
705 		}
706 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
707 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
708 	case SHOW_st_btime:
709 		if (!gottime) {
710 			gottime = 1;
711 			secs = st->st_birthtime;
712 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMENSEC
713 			nsecs = st->st_birthtimensec;
714 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMENSEC */
715 		}
716 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
717 		small = (sizeof(secs) == 4);
718 		data = secs;
719 		small = 1;
720 		tm = localtime(&secs);
721 		(void)strftime(path, sizeof(path), timefmt, tm);
722 		sdata = path;
723 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
724 		    FMTF_FLOAT | FMTF_STRING;
725 		if (ofmt == 0)
726 			ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
727 		break;
728 	case SHOW_st_size:
729 		small = (sizeof(st->st_size) == 4);
730 		data = st->st_size;
731 		sdata = NULL;
732 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
733 		if (ofmt == 0)
734 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
735 		switch (hilo) {
736 		case HIGH_PIECE:
737 			shift = 30;	/* gigabytes */
738 			hilo = 0;
739 			break;
740 		case MIDDLE_PIECE:
741 			shift = 20;	/* megabytes */
742 			hilo = 0;
743 			break;
744 		case LOW_PIECE:
745 			shift = 10;	/* kilobytes */
746 			hilo = 0;
747 			break;
748 		}
749 		break;
750 	case SHOW_st_blocks:
751 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blocks) == 4);
752 		data = st->st_blocks;
753 		sdata = NULL;
754 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
755 		if (ofmt == 0)
756 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
757 		break;
758 	case SHOW_st_blksize:
759 		small = (sizeof(st->st_blksize) == 4);
760 		data = st->st_blksize;
761 		sdata = NULL;
762 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
763 		if (ofmt == 0)
764 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
765 		break;
766 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
767 	case SHOW_st_flags:
768 		small = (sizeof(st->st_flags) == 4);
769 		data = st->st_flags;
770 		sdata = NULL;
771 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
772 		if (ofmt == 0)
773 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
774 		break;
775 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
776 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
777 	case SHOW_st_gen:
778 		small = (sizeof(st->st_gen) == 4);
779 		data = st->st_gen;
780 		sdata = NULL;
781 		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
782 		if (ofmt == 0)
783 			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
784 		break;
785 #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN */
786 	case SHOW_realpath:
787 		small = 0;
788 		data = 0;
789 		if (file == NULL) {
790 			(void)strncpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
791 			sdata = path;
792 		} else {
793 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
794 			if (realpath(file, path + 4) == NULL) {
795 				linkfail = 1;
796 				l = 0;
797 				path[0] = '\0';
798 			}
799 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
800 		}
801 
802 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
803 		if (ofmt == 0)
804 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
805 		break;
806 	case SHOW_symlink:
807 		small = 0;
808 		data = 0;
809 		if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
810 			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
811 			l = readlink(file, path + 4, sizeof(path) - 4 - 1);
812 			if (l == -1) {
813 				linkfail = 1;
814 				l = 0;
815 				path[0] = '\0';
816 			}
817 			path[l + 4] = '\0';
818 			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
819 		}
820 		else {
821 			linkfail = 1;
822 			sdata = "";
823 		}
824 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
825 		if (ofmt == 0)
826 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
827 		break;
828 	case SHOW_filetype:
829 		small = 0;
830 		data = 0;
831 		sdata = smode;
832 		sdata[0] = '\0';
833 		if (hilo == 0 || hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
834 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
835 			case S_IFIFO:	(void)strcat(sdata, "|");	break;
836 			case S_IFDIR:	(void)strcat(sdata, "/");	break;
837 			case S_IFREG:
838 				if (st->st_mode &
839 				    (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))
840 					(void)strcat(sdata, "*");
841 				break;
842 			case S_IFLNK:	(void)strcat(sdata, "@");	break;
843 #ifdef S_IFSOCK
844 			case S_IFSOCK:	(void)strcat(sdata, "=");	break;
845 #endif
846 #ifdef S_IFWHT
847 			case S_IFWHT:	(void)strcat(sdata, "%");	break;
848 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
849 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
850 			case S_IFDOOR:	(void)strcat(sdata, ">");	break;
851 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
852 			}
853 			hilo = 0;
854 		}
855 		else if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
856 			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
857 			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "Fifo File";		break;
858 			case S_IFCHR:	sdata = "Character Device";	break;
859 			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "Directory";		break;
860 			case S_IFBLK:	sdata = "Block Device";		break;
861 			case S_IFREG:	sdata = "Regular File";		break;
862 			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "Symbolic Link";	break;
863 #ifdef S_IFSOCK
864 			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "Socket";		break;
865 #endif
866 #ifdef S_IFWHT
867 			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "Whiteout File";	break;
868 #endif /* S_IFWHT */
869 #ifdef S_IFDOOR
870 			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = "Door";			break;
871 #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
872 			default:	sdata = "???";			break;
873 			}
874 			hilo = 0;
875 		}
876 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
877 		if (ofmt == 0)
878 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
879 		break;
880 	case SHOW_filename:
881 		small = 0;
882 		data = 0;
883 		if (file == NULL) {
884 			(void)strncpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
885 			if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE || hilo == LOW_PIECE)
886 				hilo = 0;
887 		}
888 		else if (hilo == 0)
889 			(void)strncpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
890 		else {
891 			char *s;
892 			(void)strncpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
893 			s = strrchr(path, '/');
894 			if (s != NULL) {
895 				/* trim off trailing /'s */
896 				while (s != path &&
897 				    s[0] == '/' && s[1] == '\0')
898 					*s-- = '\0';
899 				s = strrchr(path, '/');
900 			}
901 			if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
902 				if (s == NULL)
903 					(void)strncpy(path, ".", sizeof(path));
904 				else {
905 					while (s != path && s[0] == '/')
906 						*s-- = '\0';
907 				}
908 				hilo = 0;
909 			}
910 			else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
911 				if (s != NULL && s[1] != '\0')
912 					(void)strncpy(path, s + 1,
913 						      sizeof(path));
914 				hilo = 0;
915 			}
916 		}
917 		sdata = path;
918 		formats = FMTF_STRING;
919 		if (ofmt == 0)
920 			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
921 		break;
922 	case SHOW_sizerdev:
923 		if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
924 			char majdev[20], mindev[20];
925 			int l1, l2;
926 
927 			l1 = format1(st,
928 			    file,
929 			    fmt, flen,
930 			    majdev, sizeof(majdev),
931 			    flags, size, prec,
932 			    ofmt, HIGH_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
933 			l2 = format1(st,
934 			    file,
935 			    fmt, flen,
936 			    mindev, sizeof(mindev),
937 			    flags, size, prec,
938 			    ofmt, LOW_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
939 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, "%.*s,%.*s",
940 			    l1, majdev, l2, mindev));
941 		}
942 		else {
943 			return (format1(st,
944 			    file,
945 			    fmt, flen,
946 			    buf, blen,
947 			    flags, size, prec,
948 			    ofmt, 0, SHOW_st_size));
949 		}
950 		/*NOTREACHED*/
951 	default:
952 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
953 	}
954 
955 	/*
956 	 * If a subdatum was specified but not supported, or an output
957 	 * format was selected that is not supported, that's an error.
958 	 */
959 	if (hilo != 0 || (ofmt & formats) == 0)
960 		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
961 
962 	/*
963 	 * Assemble the format string for passing to printf(3).
964 	 */
965 	lfmt[0] = '\0';
966 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "%");
967 	if (flags & FLAG_POUND)
968 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "#");
969 	if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
970 		(void)strcat(lfmt, " ");
971 	if (flags & FLAG_PLUS)
972 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "+");
973 	if (flags & FLAG_MINUS)
974 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "-");
975 	if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
976 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "0");
977 
978 	/*
979 	 * Only the timespecs support the FLOAT output format, and that
980 	 * requires work that differs from the other formats.
981 	 */
982 	if (ofmt == FMTF_FLOAT) {
983 		/*
984 		 * Nothing after the decimal point, so just print seconds.
985 		 */
986 		if (prec == 0) {
987 			if (size != -1) {
988 				(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
989 				(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
990 			}
991 			(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");
992 			return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, secs));
993 		}
994 
995 		/*
996 		 * Unspecified precision gets all the precision we have:
997 		 * 9 digits.
998 		 */
999 		if (prec == -1)
1000 			prec = 9;
1001 
1002 		/*
1003 		 * Adjust the size for the decimal point and the digits
1004 		 * that will follow.
1005 		 */
1006 		size -= prec + 1;
1007 
1008 		/*
1009 		 * Any leftover size that's legitimate will be used.
1010 		 */
1011 		if (size > 0) {
1012 			(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
1013 			(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1014 		}
1015 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");
1016 
1017 		/*
1018 		 * The stuff after the decimal point always needs zero
1019 		 * filling.
1020 		 */
1021 		(void)strcat(lfmt, ".%0");
1022 
1023 		/*
1024 		 * We can "print" at most nine digits of precision.  The
1025 		 * rest we will pad on at the end.
1026 		 */
1027 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%dd", prec > 9 ? 9 : prec);
1028 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1029 
1030 		/*
1031 		 * For precision of less that nine digits, trim off the
1032 		 * less significant figures.
1033 		 */
1034 		for (; prec < 9; prec++)
1035 			nsecs /= 10;
1036 
1037 		/*
1038 		 * Use the format, and then tack on any zeroes that
1039 		 * might be required to make up the requested precision.
1040 		 */
1041 		l = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, secs, nsecs);
1042 		for (; prec > 9 && l < blen; prec--, l++)
1043 			(void)strcat(buf, "0");
1044 		return (l);
1045 	}
1046 
1047 	/*
1048 	 * Add on size and precision, if specified, to the format.
1049 	 */
1050 	if (size != -1) {
1051 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
1052 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1053 	}
1054 	if (prec != -1) {
1055 		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%d", prec);
1056 		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
1057 	}
1058 
1059 	/*
1060 	 * String output uses the temporary sdata.
1061 	 */
1062 	if (ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
1063 		if (sdata == NULL)
1064 			errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
1065 		(void)strcat(lfmt, "s");
1066 		return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, sdata));
1067 	}
1068 
1069 	/*
1070 	 * Ensure that sign extension does not cause bad looking output
1071 	 * for some forms.
1072 	 */
1073 	if (small && ofmt != FMTF_DECIMAL)
1074 		data = (u_int32_t)data;
1075 
1076 	/*
1077 	 * The four "numeric" output forms.
1078 	 */
1079 	(void)strcat(lfmt, "ll");
1080 	switch (ofmt) {
1081 	case FMTF_DECIMAL:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");	break;
1082 	case FMTF_OCTAL:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "o");	break;
1083 	case FMTF_UNSIGNED:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "u");	break;
1084 	case FMTF_HEX:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "x");	break;
1085 	}
1086 
1087 	/*
1088 	 * shift and round to nearest for kilobytes, megabytes,
1089 	 * gigabytes.
1090 	 */
1091 	if (shift > 0) {
1092 		data >>= (shift - 1);
1093 		data++;
1094 		data >>= 1;
1095 	}
1096 
1097 	return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, data));
1098 }
1099