xref: /netbsd-src/usr.bin/netstat/main.c (revision 3b01aba77a7a698587faaae455bbfe740923c1f5)
1 /*	$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.33 2001/05/28 04:22:56 assar Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993
5  *	Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
17  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
18  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
19  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21  *    without specific prior written permission.
22  *
23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
34  */
35 
36 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
37 #ifndef lint
38 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993\n\
39 	Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 #if 0
44 static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)main.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 3/1/94";
45 #else
46 __RCSID("$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.33 2001/05/28 04:22:56 assar Exp $");
47 #endif
48 #endif /* not lint */
49 
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/file.h>
52 #include <sys/protosw.h>
53 #include <sys/socket.h>
54 
55 #include <netinet/in.h>
56 
57 #include <ctype.h>
58 #include <err.h>
59 #include <errno.h>
60 #include <kvm.h>
61 #include <limits.h>
62 #include <netdb.h>
63 #include <nlist.h>
64 #include <paths.h>
65 #include <stdio.h>
66 #include <stdlib.h>
67 #include <string.h>
68 #include <unistd.h>
69 #include "netstat.h"
70 
71 struct nlist nl[] = {
72 #define	N_MBSTAT	0
73 	{ "_mbstat" },
74 #define	N_IPSTAT	1
75 	{ "_ipstat" },
76 #define	N_TCBTABLE	2
77 	{ "_tcbtable" },
78 #define	N_TCPSTAT	3
79 	{ "_tcpstat" },
80 #define	N_UDBTABLE	4
81 	{ "_udbtable" },
82 #define	N_UDPSTAT	5
83 	{ "_udpstat" },
84 #define	N_IFNET		6
85 	{ "_ifnet" },
86 #define	N_IMP		7
87 	{ "_imp_softc" },
88 #define	N_ICMPSTAT	8
89 	{ "_icmpstat" },
90 #define	N_RTSTAT	9
91 	{ "_rtstat" },
92 #define	N_UNIXSW	10
93 	{ "_unixsw" },
94 #define N_IDP		11
95 	{ "_nspcb"},
96 #define N_IDPSTAT	12
97 	{ "_idpstat"},
98 #define N_SPPSTAT	13
99 	{ "_spp_istat"},
100 #define N_NSERR		14
101 	{ "_ns_errstat"},
102 #define	N_CLNPSTAT	15
103 	{ "_clnp_stat"},
104 #define	IN_NOTUSED	16
105 	{ "_tp_inpcb" },
106 #define	ISO_TP		17
107 	{ "_tp_refinfo" },
108 #define	N_TPSTAT	18
109 	{ "_tp_stat" },
110 #define	N_ESISSTAT	19
111 	{ "_esis_stat"},
112 #define N_NIMP		20
113 	{ "_nimp"},
114 #define N_RTREE		21
115 	{ "_rt_tables"},
116 #define N_CLTP		22
117 	{ "_cltb"},
118 #define N_CLTPSTAT	23
119 	{ "_cltpstat"},
120 #define	N_NFILE		24
121 	{ "_nfile" },
122 #define	N_FILE		25
123 	{ "_file" },
124 #define N_IGMPSTAT	26
125 	{ "_igmpstat" },
126 #define N_MRTPROTO	27
127 	{ "_ip_mrtproto" },
128 #define N_MRTSTAT	28
129 	{ "_mrtstat" },
130 #define N_MFCHASHTBL	29
131 	{ "_mfchashtbl" },
132 #define	N_MFCHASH	30
133 	{ "_mfchash" },
134 #define N_VIFTABLE	31
135 	{ "_viftable" },
136 #define N_MSIZE		32
137 	{ "_msize" },
138 #define N_MCLBYTES	33
139 	{ "_mclbytes" },
140 #define N_DDPSTAT	34
141 	{ "_ddpstat"},
142 #define N_DDPCB		35
143 	{ "_ddpcb"},
144 #define N_MBPOOL	36
145 	{ "_mbpool" },
146 #define N_MCLPOOL	37
147 	{ "_mclpool" },
148 #define N_DIVPCB	38
149 	{ "_divcb"},
150 #define N_DIVSTAT	39
151 	{ "_divstat"},
152 #define N_IP6STAT	40
153 	{ "_ip6stat" },
154 #define N_TCB6		41
155 	{ "_tcb6" },
156 #define N_TCP6STAT	42
157 	{ "_tcp6stat" },
158 #define N_UDB6		43
159 	{ "_udb6" },
160 #define N_UDP6STAT	44
161 	{ "_udp6stat" },
162 #define N_ICMP6STAT	45
163 	{ "_icmp6stat" },
164 #define N_IPSECSTAT	46
165 	{ "_ipsecstat" },
166 #define N_IPSEC6STAT	47
167 	{ "_ipsec6stat" },
168 #define N_PIM6STAT	48
169 	{ "_pim6stat" },
170 #define N_MRT6PROTO	49
171 	{ "_ip6_mrtproto" },
172 #define N_MRT6STAT	50
173 	{ "_mrt6stat" },
174 #define N_MF6CTABLE	51
175 	{ "_mf6ctable" },
176 #define N_MIF6TABLE	52
177 	{ "_mif6table" },
178 #define N_PFKEYSTAT	53
179 	{ "_pfkeystat" },
180 #define N_ARPSTAT	54
181 	{ "_arpstat" },
182 	{ "" },
183 };
184 
185 struct protox {
186 	u_char	pr_index;		/* index into nlist of cb head */
187 	u_char	pr_sindex;		/* index into nlist of stat block */
188 	u_char	pr_wanted;		/* 1 if wanted, 0 otherwise */
189 	void	(*pr_cblocks)		/* control blocks printing routine */
190 			__P((u_long, char *));
191 	void	(*pr_stats)		/* statistics printing routine */
192 			__P((u_long, char *));
193 	void	(*pr_istats)
194 			__P((char *));	/* per/if statistics printing routine */
195 	void	(*pr_dump)		/* PCB state dump routine */
196 			__P((u_long));
197 	char	*pr_name;		/* well-known name */
198 } protox[] = {
199 	{ N_TCBTABLE,	N_TCPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
200 	  tcp_stats,	NULL,		tcp_dump,	"tcp" },
201 	{ N_UDBTABLE,	N_UDPSTAT,	1,	protopr,
202 	  udp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"udp" },
203 	{ -1,		N_IPSTAT,	1,	0,
204 	  ip_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ip" },
205 	{ -1,		N_ICMPSTAT,	1,	0,
206 	  icmp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"icmp" },
207 	{ -1,		N_IGMPSTAT,	1,	0,
208 	  igmp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"igmp" },
209 #ifdef IPSEC
210 	{ -1,		N_IPSECSTAT,	1,	0,
211 	  ipsec_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ipsec" },
212 #endif
213 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
214 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
215 };
216 
217 #ifdef INET6
218 struct protox ip6protox[] = {
219 	{ -1,		N_IP6STAT,	1,	0,
220 	  ip6_stats,	ip6_ifstats,	0,	"ip6" },
221 	{ -1,		N_ICMP6STAT,	1,	0,
222 	  icmp6_stats,	icmp6_ifstats,	0,	"icmp6" },
223 #ifdef TCP6
224 	{ N_TCB6,	N_TCP6STAT,	1,	ip6protopr,
225 	  tcp6_stats,	NULL,		tcp6_dump,	"tcp6" },
226 #else
227 	{ N_TCB6,	N_TCP6STAT,	1,	ip6protopr,
228 	  tcp_stats,	NULL,		tcp_dump,	"tcp6" },
229 #endif
230 	{ N_UDB6,	N_UDP6STAT,	1,	ip6protopr,
231 	  udp6_stats,	NULL,		0,	"udp6" },
232 #ifdef IPSEC
233 	{ -1,		N_IPSEC6STAT,	1,	0,
234 	  ipsec_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ipsec6" },
235 #endif
236 	{ -1,		N_PIM6STAT,	1,	0,
237 	  pim6_stats,	NULL,		0,	"pim6" },
238 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
239 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
240 };
241 #endif
242 
243 struct protox arpprotox[] = {
244 	{ -1,		N_ARPSTAT,	1,	0,
245 	  arp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"arp" },
246 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
247 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
248 };
249 
250 #ifdef IPSEC
251 struct protox pfkeyprotox[] = {
252 	{ -1,		N_PFKEYSTAT,	1,	0,
253 	  pfkey_stats,	NULL,		0,	"pfkey" },
254 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
255 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
256 };
257 #endif
258 
259 #ifndef SMALL
260 struct protox atalkprotox[] = {
261 	{ N_DDPCB,	N_DDPSTAT,	1,	atalkprotopr,
262 	  ddp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ddp" },
263 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
264 	  0,		NULL,		0 }
265 };
266 
267 struct protox nsprotox[] = {
268 	{ N_IDP,	N_IDPSTAT,	1,	nsprotopr,
269 	  idp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"idp" },
270 	{ N_IDP,	N_SPPSTAT,	1,	nsprotopr,
271 	  spp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"spp" },
272 	{ -1,		N_NSERR,	1,	0,
273 	  nserr_stats,	NULL,		0,	"ns_err" },
274 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
275 	  0,		NULL,		0 }
276 };
277 
278 struct protox isoprotox[] = {
279 	{ ISO_TP,	N_TPSTAT,	1,	iso_protopr,
280 	  tp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"tp" },
281 	{ N_CLTP,	N_CLTPSTAT,	1,	iso_protopr,
282 	  cltp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"cltp" },
283 	{ -1,		N_CLNPSTAT,	1,	 0,
284 	  clnp_stats,	NULL,		0,	"clnp"},
285 	{ -1,		N_ESISSTAT,	1,	 0,
286 	  esis_stats,	NULL,		0,	"esis"},
287 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
288 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
289 };
290 #endif
291 
292 struct protox *protoprotox[] = { protox,
293 #ifdef INET6
294 				 ip6protox,
295 #endif
296 				 arpprotox,
297 #ifdef IPSEC
298 				 pfkeyprotox,
299 #endif
300 #ifndef SMALL
301 				 atalkprotox, nsprotox, isoprotox,
302 #endif
303 				 NULL };
304 
305 int main __P((int, char *[]));
306 static void printproto __P((struct protox *, char *));
307 static void usage __P((void));
308 static struct protox *name2protox __P((char *));
309 static struct protox *knownname __P((char *));
310 
311 kvm_t *kvmd;
312 
313 int
314 main(argc, argv)
315 	int argc;
316 	char *argv[];
317 {
318 	struct protoent *p;
319 	struct protox *tp;	/* for printing cblocks & stats */
320 	int ch;
321 	char *nlistf = NULL, *memf = NULL;
322 	char buf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX], *cp;
323 	u_long pcbaddr;
324 	gid_t egid = getegid();
325 
326 	(void)setegid(getgid());
327 	tp = NULL;
328 	af = AF_UNSPEC;
329 	pcbaddr = 0;
330 
331 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdf:ghI:LliM:mN:nP:p:rsStuvw:")) != -1)
332 		switch(ch) {
333 		case 'A':
334 			Aflag = 1;
335 			break;
336 		case 'a':
337 			aflag = 1;
338 			break;
339 		case 'b':
340 			bflag = 1;
341 			break;
342 		case 'd':
343 			dflag = 1;
344 			break;
345 		case 'f':
346 			if (strcmp(optarg, "ns") == 0)
347 				af = AF_NS;
348 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "inet") == 0)
349 				af = AF_INET;
350 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "inet6") == 0)
351 				af = AF_INET6;
352 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "arp") == 0)
353 				af = AF_ARP;
354 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "pfkey") == 0)
355 				af = PF_KEY;
356 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "unix") == 0
357 			    || strcmp(optarg, "local") == 0)
358 				af = AF_LOCAL;
359 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "iso") == 0)
360 				af = AF_ISO;
361 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "atalk") == 0)
362 				af = AF_APPLETALK;
363 			else
364 				errx(1, "%s: unknown address family",
365 				    optarg);
366 			break;
367 #ifndef SMALL
368 		case 'g':
369 			gflag = 1;
370 			break;
371 #endif
372 		case 'I':
373 			iflag = 1;
374 			interface = optarg;
375 			break;
376 		case 'i':
377 			iflag = 1;
378 			break;
379 		case 'L':
380 			Lflag = 1;
381 			break;
382 		case 'l':
383 			lflag = 1;
384 			break;
385 		case 'M':
386 			memf = optarg;
387 			break;
388 		case 'm':
389 			mflag = 1;
390 			break;
391 		case 'N':
392 			nlistf = optarg;
393 			break;
394 		case 'n':
395 			numeric_addr = numeric_port = 1;
396 			break;
397 		case 'P':
398 			pcbaddr = strtoul(optarg, &cp, 16);
399 			if (*cp != '\0' || errno == ERANGE)
400 				errx(1, "invalid PCB address %s",
401 				    optarg);
402 			Pflag = 1;
403 			break;
404 		case 'p':
405 			if ((tp = name2protox(optarg)) == NULL)
406 				errx(1, "%s: unknown or uninstrumented protocol",
407 				    optarg);
408 			pflag = 1;
409 			break;
410 		case 'r':
411 			rflag = 1;
412 			break;
413 		case 's':
414 			++sflag;
415 			break;
416 		case 'S':
417 			numeric_addr = 1;
418 			break;
419 		case 't':
420 			tflag = 1;
421 			break;
422 		case 'u':
423 			af = AF_LOCAL;
424 			break;
425 		case 'v':
426 			vflag = 1;
427 			break;
428 		case 'w':
429 			interval = atoi(optarg);
430 			iflag = 1;
431 			break;
432 		case '?':
433 		default:
434 			usage();
435 		}
436 	argv += optind;
437 	argc -= optind;
438 
439 #define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
440 #ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
441 	if (*argv) {
442 		if (isdigit(**argv)) {
443 			interval = atoi(*argv);
444 			if (interval <= 0)
445 				usage();
446 			++argv;
447 			iflag = 1;
448 		}
449 		if (*argv) {
450 			nlistf = *argv;
451 			if (*++argv)
452 				memf = *argv;
453 		}
454 	}
455 #endif
456 
457 	/*
458 	 * Discard setgid privileges.  If not the running kernel, we toss
459 	 * them away totally so that bad guys can't print interesting stuff
460 	 * from kernel memory, otherwise switch back to kmem for the
461 	 * duration of the kvm_openfiles() call.
462 	 */
463 	if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL || Pflag)
464 		(void)setgid(getgid());
465 	else
466 		(void)setegid(egid);
467 
468 	if ((kvmd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY,
469 	    buf)) == NULL)
470 		errx(1, "%s", buf);
471 
472 	/* do this now anyway */
473 	if (nlistf == NULL && memf == NULL)
474 		(void)setgid(getgid());
475 
476 	if (kvm_nlist(kvmd, nl) < 0 || nl[0].n_type == 0) {
477 		if (nlistf)
478 			errx(1, "%s: no namelist", nlistf);
479 		else
480 			errx(1, "no namelist");
481 	}
482 	if (mflag) {
483 		mbpr(nl[N_MBSTAT].n_value,  nl[N_MSIZE].n_value,
484 		    nl[N_MCLBYTES].n_value, nl[N_MBPOOL].n_value,
485 		    nl[N_MCLPOOL].n_value);
486 		exit(0);
487 	}
488 	if (Pflag) {
489 		if (tp == NULL) {
490 			/* Default to TCP. */
491 			tp = name2protox("tcp");
492 		}
493 		if (tp->pr_dump)
494 			(*tp->pr_dump)(pcbaddr);
495 		else
496 			printf("%s: no PCB dump routine\n", tp->pr_name);
497 		exit(0);
498 	}
499 	if (pflag) {
500 		if (iflag && tp->pr_istats)
501 			intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value, tp->pr_istats);
502 		else if (tp->pr_stats)
503 			(*tp->pr_stats)(nl[tp->pr_sindex].n_value,
504 				tp->pr_name);
505 		else
506 			printf("%s: no stats routine\n", tp->pr_name);
507 		exit(0);
508 	}
509 	/*
510 	 * Keep file descriptors open to avoid overhead
511 	 * of open/close on each call to get* routines.
512 	 */
513 	sethostent(1);
514 	setnetent(1);
515 	if (iflag) {
516 		if (af != AF_UNSPEC)
517 			goto protostat;
518 
519 		intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value, NULL);
520 		exit(0);
521 	}
522 	if (rflag) {
523 		if (sflag)
524 			rt_stats(nl[N_RTSTAT].n_value);
525 		else
526 			routepr(nl[N_RTREE].n_value);
527 		exit(0);
528 	}
529 #ifndef SMALL
530 	if (gflag) {
531 		if (sflag) {
532 			if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
533 				mrt_stats(nl[N_MRTPROTO].n_value,
534 					  nl[N_MRTSTAT].n_value);
535 #ifdef INET6
536 			if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
537 				mrt6_stats(nl[N_MRT6PROTO].n_value,
538 					   nl[N_MRT6STAT].n_value);
539 #endif
540 		}
541 		else {
542 			if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
543 				mroutepr(nl[N_MRTPROTO].n_value,
544 					 nl[N_MFCHASHTBL].n_value,
545 					 nl[N_MFCHASH].n_value,
546 					 nl[N_VIFTABLE].n_value);
547 #ifdef INET6
548 			if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
549 				mroute6pr(nl[N_MRT6PROTO].n_value,
550 					  nl[N_MF6CTABLE].n_value,
551 					  nl[N_MIF6TABLE].n_value);
552 #endif
553 		}
554 		exit(0);
555 	}
556 #endif
557   protostat:
558 	if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC) {
559 		setprotoent(1);
560 		setservent(1);
561 		/* ugh, this is O(MN) ... why do we do this? */
562 		while ((p = getprotoent()) != NULL) {
563 			for (tp = protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
564 				if (strcmp(tp->pr_name, p->p_name) == 0)
565 					break;
566 			if (tp->pr_name == 0 || tp->pr_wanted == 0)
567 				continue;
568 			printproto(tp, p->p_name);
569 			tp->pr_wanted = 0;
570 		}
571 		endprotoent();
572 		for (tp = protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
573 			if (tp->pr_wanted)
574 				printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
575 	}
576 #ifdef INET6
577 	if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
578 		for (tp = ip6protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
579 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
580 #endif
581 	if (af == AF_ARP || af == AF_UNSPEC)
582 		for (tp = arpprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
583 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
584 #ifdef IPSEC
585 	if (af == PF_KEY || af == AF_UNSPEC)
586 		for (tp = pfkeyprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
587 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
588 #endif
589 #ifndef SMALL
590 	if (af == AF_APPLETALK || af == AF_UNSPEC)
591 		for (tp = atalkprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
592 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
593 	if (af == AF_NS || af == AF_UNSPEC)
594 		for (tp = nsprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
595 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
596 	if (af == AF_ISO || af == AF_UNSPEC)
597 		for (tp = isoprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
598 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
599 	if ((af == AF_LOCAL || af == AF_UNSPEC) && !sflag)
600 		unixpr(nl[N_UNIXSW].n_value);
601 #endif
602 	exit(0);
603 }
604 
605 /*
606  * Print out protocol statistics or control blocks (per sflag).
607  * If the interface was not specifically requested, and the symbol
608  * is not in the namelist, ignore this one.
609  */
610 static void
611 printproto(tp, name)
612 	struct protox *tp;
613 	char *name;
614 {
615 	void (*pr) __P((u_long, char *));
616 	u_long off;
617 
618 	if (sflag) {
619 		if (iflag) {
620 			if (tp->pr_istats)
621 				intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value,
622 				      tp->pr_istats);
623 			return;
624 		}
625 		else {
626 			pr = tp->pr_stats;
627 			off = nl[tp->pr_sindex].n_value;
628 		}
629 	} else {
630 		pr = tp->pr_cblocks;
631 		off = nl[tp->pr_index].n_value;
632 	}
633 	if (pr != NULL && (off || af != AF_UNSPEC))
634 		(*pr)(off, name);
635 }
636 
637 /*
638  * Read kernel memory, return 0 on success.
639  */
640 int
641 kread(addr, buf, size)
642 	u_long addr;
643 	char *buf;
644 	int size;
645 {
646 
647 	if (kvm_read(kvmd, addr, buf, size) != size) {
648 		warnx("%s\n", kvm_geterr(kvmd));
649 		return (-1);
650 	}
651 	return (0);
652 }
653 
654 char *
655 plural(n)
656 	int n;
657 {
658 
659 	return (n != 1 ? "s" : "");
660 }
661 
662 char *
663 plurales(n)
664 	int n;
665 {
666 
667 	return (n != 1 ? "es" : "");
668 }
669 
670 /*
671  * Find the protox for the given "well-known" name.
672  */
673 static struct protox *
674 knownname(name)
675 	char *name;
676 {
677 	struct protox **tpp, *tp;
678 
679 	for (tpp = protoprotox; *tpp; tpp++)
680 		for (tp = *tpp; tp->pr_name; tp++)
681 			if (strcmp(tp->pr_name, name) == 0)
682 				return (tp);
683 	return (NULL);
684 }
685 
686 /*
687  * Find the protox corresponding to name.
688  */
689 static struct protox *
690 name2protox(name)
691 	char *name;
692 {
693 	struct protox *tp;
694 	char **alias;			/* alias from p->aliases */
695 	struct protoent *p;
696 
697 	/*
698 	 * Try to find the name in the list of "well-known" names. If that
699 	 * fails, check if name is an alias for an Internet protocol.
700 	 */
701 	if ((tp = knownname(name)) != NULL)
702 		return (tp);
703 
704 	setprotoent(1);			/* make protocol lookup cheaper */
705 	while ((p = getprotoent()) != NULL) {
706 		/* assert: name not same as p->name */
707 		for (alias = p->p_aliases; *alias; alias++)
708 			if (strcmp(name, *alias) == 0) {
709 				endprotoent();
710 				return (knownname(p->p_name));
711 			}
712 	}
713 	endprotoent();
714 	return (NULL);
715 }
716 
717 static void
718 usage()
719 {
720 	const char *progname = getprogname();
721 
722 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
723 "usage: %s [-Aan] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]\n", progname);
724 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
725 "       %s [-gimnrsSv] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]\n",
726 	progname);
727 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
728 "       %s [-n] [-I interface] [-M core] [-N system] [-w wait]\n", progname);
729 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
730 "       %s [-M core] [-N system] [-p protocol]\n", progname);
731 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
732 "       %s [-M core] [-N system] [-p protocol] -P pcbaddr\n", progname);
733 	exit(1);
734 }
735