1.\" $NetBSD: last.1,v 1.6 1999/03/22 18:16:38 garbled Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 17.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 19.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 20.\" without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 23.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 24.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 25.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 26.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 27.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 28.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 29.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 30.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 31.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 32.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 35.\" 36.Dd June 6, 1993 37.Dt LAST 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm last 41.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Op Fl Ns Ar n 45.Op Fl f Ar file 46.Op Fl h Ar host 47.Op Fl t Ar tty 48.Op user ... 49.Sh DESCRIPTION 50.Nm 51will list the sessions of specified 52.Ar users , 53.Ar ttys , 54and 55.Ar hosts , 56in reverse time order. Each line of output contains 57the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 58hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 59of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 60a crash or shutdown, 61.Nm 62will so indicate. 63.Pp 64.Bl -tag -width indent-two 65.It Fl f Ar file 66.Nm 67reads the file 68.Ar file 69instead of the default, 70.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 71.It Fl Ar n 72Limits the report to 73.Ar n 74lines. 75.It Fl t Ar tty 76Specify the 77.Ar tty . 78Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 79.Dq Li "last -t 03" 80is 81equivalent to 82.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 83.It Fl h Ar host 84.Ar Host 85names may be names or internet numbers. 86.It Fl T 87Display better time information, including seconds. 88.El 89.Pp 90If 91multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the 92arguments is printed, e.g., 93.Dq Li "last root -t console" 94would list all of 95.Dq Li root Ns 's 96sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no 97users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 98.Nm 99prints a record of 100all logins and logouts. 101.Pp 102The pseudo-user 103.Ar reboot 104logs in at reboots of the system, thus 105.Dq Li last reboot 106will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 107.Pp 108If 109.Nm 110is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 111progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal 112.Nm 113indicates how 114far the search has progressed and then continues. 115.Sh FILES 116.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 117.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 118login data base 119.El 120.Sh SEE ALSO 121.Xr lastcomm 1 , 122.Xr utmp 5 , 123.Xr ac 8 124.Sh HISTORY 125.Nm 126appeared in 127.Bx 3.0 . 128