xref: /netbsd-src/sys/sys/disk.h (revision 8ac07aec990b9d2e483062509d0a9fa5b4f57cf2)
1 /*	$NetBSD: disk.h,v 1.50 2008/02/28 04:55:47 matt Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 2004 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Jason R. Thorpe of the Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility,
9  * NASA Ames Research Center.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
20  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
21  *	This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
22  *	Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
23  * 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
24  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
25  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
26  *
27  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
28  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
29  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
30  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
31  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
32  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
33  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
34  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
35  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
36  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
37  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
38  */
39 
40 /*
41  * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
42  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
43  *
44  * This software was developed by the Computer Systems Engineering group
45  * at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under DARPA contract BG 91-66 and
46  * contributed to Berkeley.
47  *
48  * All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
49  * must display the following acknowledgement:
50  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
51  *	California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories.
52  *
53  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
54  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
55  * are met:
56  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
57  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
58  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
59  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
60  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
61  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
62  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
63  *    without specific prior written permission.
64  *
65  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
66  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
67  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
68  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
69  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
70  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
71  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
72  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
73  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
74  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
75  * SUCH DAMAGE.
76  *
77  * from: Header: disk.h,v 1.5 92/11/19 04:33:03 torek Exp  (LBL)
78  *
79  *	@(#)disk.h	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/9/95
80  */
81 
82 #ifndef _SYS_DISK_H_
83 #define _SYS_DISK_H_
84 
85 /*
86  * Disk device structures.
87  */
88 
89 #ifdef _KERNEL
90 #include <sys/device.h>
91 #endif
92 #include <sys/dkio.h>
93 #include <sys/time.h>
94 #include <sys/queue.h>
95 #include <sys/mutex.h>
96 #include <sys/iostat.h>
97 
98 #include <prop/proplib.h>
99 
100 struct buf;
101 struct disk;
102 struct disklabel;
103 struct cpu_disklabel;
104 struct lwp;
105 struct vnode;
106 
107 /*
108  * Disk information dictionary.
109  *
110  * This contains general infomation for disk devices.
111  *
112  *	<dict>
113  *		<key>type</key>
114  *		<string>...</string>
115  *		<key>geometry</key>
116  *		<dict>
117  *			<!-- See below for disk geometry dictionary
118  *			     contents. -->
119  *		</dict>
120  *
121  *		<!-- optional information -->
122  *		<key>rpm</key>
123  *		<integer>...</integer>
124  *		<key>sector-interleave</key>
125  *		<integer>...</integer>
126  *		<key>track-skew</key>
127  *		<integer>...</integer>
128  *		<key>cylinder-skew</key>
129  *		<integer>...</integer>
130  *		<key>head-switch-usecs</key>
131  *		<integer>...</integer>
132  *		<key>track-seek-usecs</key>
133  *		<integer>...</integer>
134  *		<key>removable</key>
135  *		<false/>
136  *		<key>ecc</key>
137  *		<false/>
138  *		<key>bad-sector-forwarding</key>
139  *		<true/>
140  *		<key>ramdisk</key>
141  *		<false/>
142  *		<key>back-to-back-transfers</key>
143  *		<true/>
144  *
145  *		<!-- additional information for SMD drives -->
146  *		<key>smd-skip-sectoring</key>
147  *		<false/>
148  *		<!-- XXX better names for these properties -->
149  *		<key>smd-mindist</key>
150  *		<integer>...</integer>
151  *		<key>smd-maxdist</key>
152  *		<integer>...</integer>
153  *		<key>smd-sdist</key>
154  *		<integer>...</integer>
155  *
156  *		<!-- additional information for ST506 drives -->
157  *		<!-- XXX better names for these properties -->
158  *		<key>st506-precompcyl</key>
159  *		<integer>...</integer>
160  *		<key>st506-gap3</key>
161  *		<integer>...</integer>
162  *
163  *		<!-- additional information for ATA drives -->
164  *		<!-- XXX -->
165  *
166  *		<!-- additional information for SCSI drives -->
167  *		<!-- XXX -->
168  *	</dict>
169  */
170 
171 /*
172  * dkwedge_info:
173  *
174  *	Information needed to configure (or query configuration of) a
175  *	disk wedge.
176  */
177 struct dkwedge_info {
178 	char		dkw_devname[16];/* device-style name (e.g. "dk0") */
179 	uint8_t		dkw_wname[128];	/* wedge name (Unicode, UTF-8) */
180 	char		dkw_parent[16];	/* parent disk device name */
181 	daddr_t		dkw_offset;	/* LBA offset of wedge in parent */
182 	uint64_t	dkw_size;	/* size of wedge in blocks */
183 	char		dkw_ptype[32];	/* partition type string */
184 };
185 
186 /*
187  * dkwedge_list:
188  *
189  *	Structure used to query a list of wedges.
190  */
191 struct dkwedge_list {
192 	void		*dkwl_buf;	/* storage for dkwedge_info array */
193 	size_t		dkwl_bufsize;	/* size of that buffer */
194 	u_int		dkwl_nwedges;	/* total number of wedges */
195 	u_int		dkwl_ncopied;	/* number actually copied */
196 };
197 
198 #ifdef _KERNEL
199 /*
200  * dkwedge_discovery_method:
201  *
202  *	Structure used to describe partition map parsing schemes
203  *	used for wedge autodiscovery.
204  */
205 struct dkwedge_discovery_method {
206 					/* link in wedge driver's list */
207 	LIST_ENTRY(dkwedge_discovery_method) ddm_list;
208 	const char	*ddm_name;	/* name of this method */
209 	int		ddm_priority;	/* search priority */
210 	int		(*ddm_discover)(struct disk *, struct vnode *);
211 };
212 
213 #define	DKWEDGE_DISCOVERY_METHOD_DECL(name, prio, discover)		\
214 static struct dkwedge_discovery_method name ## _ddm = {			\
215 	{ NULL, NULL },							\
216 	#name,								\
217 	prio,								\
218 	discover							\
219 };									\
220 __link_set_add_data(dkwedge_methods, name ## _ddm)
221 #endif /* _KERNEL */
222 
223 /* Some common partition types */
224 #define	DKW_PTYPE_UNKNOWN	""
225 #define	DKW_PTYPE_UNUSED	"unused"
226 #define	DKW_PTYPE_SWAP		"swap"
227 #define	DKW_PTYPE_FFS		"ffs"
228 #define	DKW_PTYPE_LFS		"lfs"
229 #define	DKW_PTYPE_EXT2FS	"ext2fs"
230 #define	DKW_PTYPE_ISO9660	"cd9660"
231 #define	DKW_PTYPE_AMIGADOS	"ados"
232 #define	DKW_PTYPE_APPLEHFS	"hfs"
233 #define	DKW_PTYPE_FAT		"msdos"
234 #define	DKW_PTYPE_FILECORE	"filecore"
235 #define	DKW_PTYPE_RAIDFRAME	"raidframe"
236 #define	DKW_PTYPE_CCD		"ccd"
237 #define	DKW_PTYPE_APPLEUFS	"appleufs"
238 #define	DKW_PTYPE_NTFS		"ntfs"
239 #define	DKW_PTYPE_CGD		"cgd"
240 
241 /*
242  * Disk geometry dictionary.
243  *
244  * NOTE: Not all geometry information is relevant for every kind of disk.
245  *
246  *	<dict>
247  *		<key>sectors-per-unit</key>
248  *		<integer>...</integer>
249  *		<key>sector-size</key>
250  *		<integer>...</integer>
251  *		<key>sectors-per-track</key>
252  *		<integer>...</integer>
253  *		<key>tracks-per-cylinder</key>
254  *		<integer>...</integer>
255  *		<key>cylinders-per-unit</key>
256  *		<integer>...</integer>
257  *		<key>physical-cylinders-per-unit</key>
258  *		<integer>...</integer>
259  *		<key>spare-sectors-per-track</key>
260  *		<integer>...</integer>
261  *		<key>spare-sectors-per-cylinder</key>
262  *		<integer>...</integer>
263  *		<key>alternative-cylinders</key>
264  *		<integer>...</integer>
265  *	</dict>
266  * NOTE: Not all geometry information is relevant for every kind of disk.
267  */
268 
269 struct disk_geom {
270 	int64_t		dg_secperunit;	/* # of data sectors per unit */
271 	uint32_t	dg_secsize;	/* # of bytes per sector */
272 	uint32_t	dg_nsectors;	/* # of data sectors per track */
273 	uint32_t	dg_ntracks;	/* # of tracks per cylinder */
274 	uint32_t	dg_ncylinders;	/* # of data cylinders per unit */
275 	uint32_t	dg_secpercyl;	/* # of data sectors per cylinder */
276 	uint32_t	dg_pcylinders;	/* # of physical cylinders per unit */
277 
278 	/*
279 	 * Spares (bad sector replacements) below are not counted in
280 	 * dg_nsectors or dg_secpercyl.  Spare sectors are assumed to
281 	 * be physical sectors which occupy space at the end of each
282 	 * track and/or cylinder.
283 	 */
284 	uint32_t	dg_sparespertrack;
285 	uint32_t	dg_sparespercyl;
286 	/*
287 	 * Alternative cylinders include maintenance, replacement,
288 	 * configuration description areas, etc.
289 	 */
290 	uint32_t	dg_acylinders;
291 };
292 
293 /*
294  * Disk partition dictionary.
295  *
296  * A partition is represented as a dictionary containing generic partition
297  * properties (such as starting block and block count), as well as information
298  * that is specific to individual partition map formats.
299  *
300  *	<dict>
301  *		<key>start-block</key>
302  *		<integer>...</integer>
303  *		<key>block-count</key>
304  *		<integer>...</integer>
305  *		<!-- DKW_PTYPE strings ("" or missing if unknown) -->
306  *		<key>type</type>
307  *		<string>...</string>
308  *		<!-- optional -->
309  *		<key>name</key>
310  *		<string>...</string>
311  *
312  *		<!-- these are valid for GPT partition maps -->
313  *		<key>gpt-type-guid</key>
314  *		<string>...</string>
315  *		<key>gpt-partition-guid</key>
316  *		<string>...</string>
317  *		<key>gpt-platform-required</key>
318  *		<false/>
319  *
320  *		<!-- these are valid for 4.4BSD partition maps -->
321  *		<key>bsd44-partition-type</key>
322  *		<integer>...</integer>
323  *		<key>bsd44-fs-fragment-size</key>
324  *		<integer>...</integer>
325  *		<key>bsd44-iso9660-session-offset</key>
326  *		<integer>...</integer>
327  *		<key>bsd44-ffs-cylinders-per-group</key>
328  *		<integer>...</integer>
329  *		<key>bsd44-lfs-segment-shift</key>
330  *		<integer>...</integer>
331  *
332  *		<!-- these are valid for NeXT partition maps -->
333  *		<key>next-block-size</key>
334  *		<integer>...</integer>
335  *		<key>next-fs-fragment-size</key>
336  *		<integer>...</integer>
337  *		<key>next-fs-optimization</key>
338  *		<string>...</string>	<!-- "space" or "time" -->
339  *		<key>next-fs-cylinders-per-group</key>
340  *		<integer>...</integer>
341  *		<key>next-bytes-per-inode-density</key>
342  *		<integer>...</integer>
343  *		<key>next-minfree-percentage</key>
344  *		<integer>...</integer>
345  *		<key>next-run-newfs-during-init</key>
346  *		<false/>
347  *		<key>next-mount-point</key>
348  *		<string>...</string>
349  *		<key>next-automount</key>
350  *		<true/>
351  *		<key>next-partition-type</key>
352  *		<string>...</string>
353  *
354  *		<!-- these are valid for MBR partition maps -->
355  *		<key>mbr-start-head</key>
356  *		<integer>...</integer>
357  *		<key>mbr-start-sector</key>
358  *		<integer>...</integer>
359  *		<key>mbr-start-cylinder</key>
360  *		<integer>...</integer>
361  *		<key>mbr-partition-type</key>
362  *		<integer>...</integer>
363  *		<key>mbr-end-head</key>
364  *		<integer>...</integer>
365  *		<key>mbr-end-sector</key>
366  *		<integer>...</integer>
367  *		<key>mbr-end-cylinder</key>
368  *		<integer>...</integer>
369  *		<key>mbr-active-partition</key>
370  *		<false/>
371  *
372  *		<!-- these are valid for Apple partition maps -->
373  *		<key>apple-partition-type</key>
374  *		<string>...</string>
375  *		<!-- XXX What else do we need?  wrstuden? -->
376  *
377  *		<!-- these are valid for RISCiX partition maps -->
378  *		<key>riscix-partition-type</key>
379  *		<integer>...</integer>
380  *
381  *		<!-- these are valid for MIPS/SGI partition maps -->
382  *		<key>mips-partition-type</key>
383  *		<integer>...</integer>
384  *
385  *		<!-- SunOS 4 partition maps have no specific
386  *		     additional information.  Note, however,
387  *		     that SunOS 4 partitions must begin on
388  *		     cylinder boundaries. -->
389  *
390  *		<!-- XXX Need Amiga partition map info -->
391  *
392  *		<!-- these are valid for VTOC partition maps -->
393  *		<key>vtoc-tag</key>
394  *		<integer>...</integer>
395  *		<key>vtoc-unmount</key>
396  *		<false/>
397  *		<key>vtoc-read-only</key>
398  *		<false/>
399  *		<!-- XXX is this really part of the partition info? -->
400  *		<key>vtoc-timestamp</key>
401  *		<integer>...</integer>
402  *
403  *		<!-- mvme68k partition maps use 4.4BSD partition
404  *		     info stuffed into two different areas of the
405  *		     disk information label recognized by BUG. -->
406  *
407  *		<!-- XXX What else? -->
408  *	</dict>
409  */
410 
411 struct disk {
412 	TAILQ_ENTRY(disk) dk_link;	/* link in global disklist */
413 	const char	*dk_name;	/* disk name */
414 	prop_dictionary_t dk_info;	/* reference to disk-info dictionary */
415 	int		dk_bopenmask;	/* block devices open */
416 	int		dk_copenmask;	/* character devices open */
417 	int		dk_openmask;	/* composite (bopen|copen) */
418 	int		dk_state;	/* label state   ### */
419 	int		dk_blkshift;	/* shift to convert DEV_BSIZE to blks */
420 	int		dk_byteshift;	/* shift to convert bytes to blks */
421 
422 	/*
423 	 * Metrics data; note that some metrics may have no meaning
424 	 * on certain types of disks.
425 	 */
426 	struct io_stats	*dk_stats;
427 
428 	const struct dkdriver *dk_driver;	/* pointer to driver */
429 
430 	/*
431 	 * Information required to be the parent of a disk wedge.
432 	 */
433 	kmutex_t	dk_rawlock;	/* lock on these fields */
434 	u_int		dk_rawopens;	/* # of openes of rawvp */
435 	struct vnode	*dk_rawvp;	/* vnode for the RAW_PART bdev */
436 
437 	kmutex_t	dk_openlock;	/* lock on these and openmask */
438 	u_int		dk_nwedges;	/* # of configured wedges */
439 					/* all wedges on this disk */
440 	LIST_HEAD(, dkwedge_softc) dk_wedges;
441 
442 	/*
443 	 * Disk label information.  Storage for the in-core disk label
444 	 * must be dynamically allocated, otherwise the size of this
445 	 * structure becomes machine-dependent.
446 	 */
447 	daddr_t		dk_labelsector;		/* sector containing label */
448 	struct disklabel *dk_label;	/* label */
449 	struct cpu_disklabel *dk_cpulabel;
450 };
451 
452 struct dkdriver {
453 	void	(*d_strategy)(struct buf *);
454 	void	(*d_minphys)(struct buf *);
455 #ifdef notyet
456 	int	(*d_open)(dev_t, int, int, struct proc *);
457 	int	(*d_close)(dev_t, int, int, struct proc *);
458 	int	(*d_ioctl)(dev_t, u_long, void *, int, struct proc *);
459 	int	(*d_dump)(dev_t);
460 	void	(*d_start)(struct buf *, daddr_t);
461 	int	(*d_mklabel)(struct disk *);
462 #endif
463 };
464 
465 /* states */
466 #define	DK_CLOSED	0		/* drive is closed */
467 #define	DK_WANTOPEN	1		/* drive being opened */
468 #define	DK_WANTOPENRAW	2		/* drive being opened */
469 #define	DK_RDLABEL	3		/* label being read */
470 #define	DK_OPEN		4		/* label read, drive open */
471 #define	DK_OPENRAW	5		/* open without label */
472 
473 /*
474  * Bad sector lists per fixed disk
475  */
476 struct disk_badsectors {
477 	SLIST_ENTRY(disk_badsectors)	dbs_next;
478 	daddr_t		dbs_min;	/* min. sector number */
479 	daddr_t		dbs_max;	/* max. sector number */
480 	struct timeval	dbs_failedat;	/* first failure at */
481 };
482 
483 struct disk_badsecinfo {
484 	uint32_t	dbsi_bufsize;	/* size of region pointed to */
485 	uint32_t	dbsi_skip;	/* how many to skip past */
486 	uint32_t	dbsi_copied;	/* how many got copied back */
487 	uint32_t	dbsi_left;	/* remaining to copy */
488 	void *		dbsi_buffer;	/* region to copy disk_badsectors to */
489 };
490 
491 #define	DK_STRATEGYNAMELEN	32
492 struct disk_strategy {
493 	char dks_name[DK_STRATEGYNAMELEN]; /* name of strategy */
494 	char *dks_param;		/* notyet; should be NULL */
495 	size_t dks_paramlen;		/* notyet; should be 0 */
496 };
497 
498 #define	DK_BSIZE2BLKSHIFT(b)	((ffs((b) / DEV_BSIZE)) - 1)
499 #define	DK_BSIZE2BYTESHIFT(b)	(ffs((b)) - 1)
500 
501 #ifdef _KERNEL
502 extern	int disk_count;			/* number of disks in global disklist */
503 
504 struct proc;
505 
506 void	disk_attach(struct disk *);
507 void	disk_detach(struct disk *);
508 void	disk_init(struct disk *, const char *, const struct dkdriver *);
509 void	disk_destroy(struct disk *);
510 void	disk_busy(struct disk *);
511 void	disk_unbusy(struct disk *, long, int);
512 void	disk_blocksize(struct disk *, int);
513 struct disk *disk_find(const char *);
514 int	disk_ioctl(struct disk *, u_long, void *, int, struct lwp *);
515 
516 void	dkwedge_init(void);
517 int	dkwedge_add(struct dkwedge_info *);
518 int	dkwedge_del(struct dkwedge_info *);
519 void	dkwedge_delall(struct disk *);
520 int	dkwedge_list(struct disk *, struct dkwedge_list *, struct lwp *);
521 void	dkwedge_discover(struct disk *);
522 void	dkwedge_set_bootwedge(device_t, daddr_t, uint64_t);
523 int	dkwedge_read(struct disk *, struct vnode *, daddr_t, void *, size_t);
524 device_t dkwedge_find_by_wname(const char *);
525 void	dkwedge_print_wnames(void);
526 #endif
527 
528 #endif /* _SYS_DISK_H_ */
529