xref: /netbsd-src/sys/miscfs/specfs/spec_vnops.c (revision 4724848cf0da353df257f730694b7882798e5daf)
1 /*	$NetBSD: spec_vnops.c,v 1.216 2022/10/15 15:20:46 riastradh Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
17  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
18  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
19  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
20  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
21  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
22  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
23  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
24  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
25  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
26  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 /*
30  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
31  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
32  *
33  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
34  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
35  * are met:
36  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
37  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
38  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
39  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
40  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
41  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
42  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
43  *    without specific prior written permission.
44  *
45  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
46  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
47  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
48  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
49  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
50  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
51  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
52  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
53  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
54  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
55  * SUCH DAMAGE.
56  *
57  *	@(#)spec_vnops.c	8.15 (Berkeley) 7/14/95
58  */
59 
60 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
61 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: spec_vnops.c,v 1.216 2022/10/15 15:20:46 riastradh Exp $");
62 
63 #ifdef _KERNEL_OPT
64 #include "opt_ddb.h"
65 #endif
66 
67 #include <sys/param.h>
68 #include <sys/proc.h>
69 #include <sys/systm.h>
70 #include <sys/kernel.h>
71 #include <sys/conf.h>
72 #include <sys/buf.h>
73 #include <sys/mount.h>
74 #include <sys/namei.h>
75 #include <sys/vnode_impl.h>
76 #include <sys/stat.h>
77 #include <sys/errno.h>
78 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
79 #include <sys/poll.h>
80 #include <sys/file.h>
81 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
82 #include <sys/disk.h>
83 #include <sys/lockf.h>
84 #include <sys/tty.h>
85 #include <sys/kauth.h>
86 #include <sys/fstrans.h>
87 #include <sys/module.h>
88 #include <sys/atomic.h>
89 
90 #include <miscfs/genfs/genfs.h>
91 #include <miscfs/specfs/specdev.h>
92 
93 #ifdef DDB
94 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
95 #endif
96 
97 /*
98  * Lock order:
99  *
100  *	vnode lock
101  *	-> device_lock
102  *	-> struct vnode::v_interlock
103  */
104 
105 /* symbolic sleep message strings for devices */
106 const char	devopn[] = "devopn";
107 const char	devio[] = "devio";
108 const char	devwait[] = "devwait";
109 const char	devin[] = "devin";
110 const char	devout[] = "devout";
111 const char	devioc[] = "devioc";
112 const char	devcls[] = "devcls";
113 
114 #define	SPECHSZ	64
115 #if	((SPECHSZ&(SPECHSZ-1)) == 0)
116 #define	SPECHASH(rdev)	(((rdev>>5)+(rdev))&(SPECHSZ-1))
117 #else
118 #define	SPECHASH(rdev)	(((unsigned)((rdev>>5)+(rdev)))%SPECHSZ)
119 #endif
120 
121 static vnode_t	*specfs_hash[SPECHSZ];
122 extern struct mount *dead_rootmount;
123 
124 /*
125  * This vnode operations vector is used for special device nodes
126  * created from whole cloth by the kernel.  For the ops vector for
127  * vnodes built from special devices found in a filesystem, see (e.g)
128  * ffs_specop_entries[] in ffs_vnops.c or the equivalent for other
129  * filesystems.
130  */
131 
132 int (**spec_vnodeop_p)(void *);
133 const struct vnodeopv_entry_desc spec_vnodeop_entries[] = {
134 	{ &vop_default_desc, vn_default_error },
135 	{ &vop_parsepath_desc, genfs_parsepath },	/* parsepath */
136 	{ &vop_lookup_desc, spec_lookup },		/* lookup */
137 	{ &vop_create_desc, genfs_badop },		/* create */
138 	{ &vop_mknod_desc, genfs_badop },		/* mknod */
139 	{ &vop_open_desc, spec_open },			/* open */
140 	{ &vop_close_desc, spec_close },		/* close */
141 	{ &vop_access_desc, genfs_ebadf },		/* access */
142 	{ &vop_accessx_desc, genfs_ebadf },		/* accessx */
143 	{ &vop_getattr_desc, genfs_ebadf },		/* getattr */
144 	{ &vop_setattr_desc, genfs_ebadf },		/* setattr */
145 	{ &vop_read_desc, spec_read },			/* read */
146 	{ &vop_write_desc, spec_write },		/* write */
147 	{ &vop_fallocate_desc, genfs_eopnotsupp },	/* fallocate */
148 	{ &vop_fdiscard_desc, spec_fdiscard },		/* fdiscard */
149 	{ &vop_fcntl_desc, genfs_fcntl },		/* fcntl */
150 	{ &vop_ioctl_desc, spec_ioctl },		/* ioctl */
151 	{ &vop_poll_desc, spec_poll },			/* poll */
152 	{ &vop_kqfilter_desc, spec_kqfilter },		/* kqfilter */
153 	{ &vop_revoke_desc, genfs_revoke },		/* revoke */
154 	{ &vop_mmap_desc, spec_mmap },			/* mmap */
155 	{ &vop_fsync_desc, spec_fsync },		/* fsync */
156 	{ &vop_seek_desc, spec_seek },			/* seek */
157 	{ &vop_remove_desc, genfs_badop },		/* remove */
158 	{ &vop_link_desc, genfs_badop },		/* link */
159 	{ &vop_rename_desc, genfs_badop },		/* rename */
160 	{ &vop_mkdir_desc, genfs_badop },		/* mkdir */
161 	{ &vop_rmdir_desc, genfs_badop },		/* rmdir */
162 	{ &vop_symlink_desc, genfs_badop },		/* symlink */
163 	{ &vop_readdir_desc, genfs_badop },		/* readdir */
164 	{ &vop_readlink_desc, genfs_badop },		/* readlink */
165 	{ &vop_abortop_desc, genfs_badop },		/* abortop */
166 	{ &vop_inactive_desc, spec_inactive },		/* inactive */
167 	{ &vop_reclaim_desc, spec_reclaim },		/* reclaim */
168 	{ &vop_lock_desc, genfs_lock },			/* lock */
169 	{ &vop_unlock_desc, genfs_unlock },		/* unlock */
170 	{ &vop_bmap_desc, spec_bmap },			/* bmap */
171 	{ &vop_strategy_desc, spec_strategy },		/* strategy */
172 	{ &vop_print_desc, spec_print },		/* print */
173 	{ &vop_islocked_desc, genfs_islocked },		/* islocked */
174 	{ &vop_pathconf_desc, spec_pathconf },		/* pathconf */
175 	{ &vop_advlock_desc, spec_advlock },		/* advlock */
176 	{ &vop_bwrite_desc, vn_bwrite },		/* bwrite */
177 	{ &vop_getpages_desc, genfs_getpages },		/* getpages */
178 	{ &vop_putpages_desc, genfs_putpages },		/* putpages */
179 	{ NULL, NULL }
180 };
181 const struct vnodeopv_desc spec_vnodeop_opv_desc =
182 	{ &spec_vnodeop_p, spec_vnodeop_entries };
183 
184 static kauth_listener_t rawio_listener;
185 static struct kcondvar specfs_iocv;
186 
187 /* Returns true if vnode is /dev/mem or /dev/kmem. */
188 bool
189 iskmemvp(struct vnode *vp)
190 {
191 	return ((vp->v_type == VCHR) && iskmemdev(vp->v_rdev));
192 }
193 
194 /*
195  * Returns true if dev is /dev/mem or /dev/kmem.
196  */
197 int
198 iskmemdev(dev_t dev)
199 {
200 	/* mem_no is emitted by config(8) to generated devsw.c */
201 	extern const int mem_no;
202 
203 	/* minor 14 is /dev/io on i386 with COMPAT_10 */
204 	return (major(dev) == mem_no && (minor(dev) < 2 || minor(dev) == 14));
205 }
206 
207 static int
208 rawio_listener_cb(kauth_cred_t cred, kauth_action_t action, void *cookie,
209     void *arg0, void *arg1, void *arg2, void *arg3)
210 {
211 	int result;
212 
213 	result = KAUTH_RESULT_DEFER;
214 
215 	if ((action != KAUTH_DEVICE_RAWIO_SPEC) &&
216 	    (action != KAUTH_DEVICE_RAWIO_PASSTHRU))
217 		return result;
218 
219 	/* Access is mandated by permissions. */
220 	result = KAUTH_RESULT_ALLOW;
221 
222 	return result;
223 }
224 
225 void
226 spec_init(void)
227 {
228 
229 	rawio_listener = kauth_listen_scope(KAUTH_SCOPE_DEVICE,
230 	    rawio_listener_cb, NULL);
231 	cv_init(&specfs_iocv, "specio");
232 }
233 
234 /*
235  * spec_io_enter(vp, &sn, &dev)
236  *
237  *	Enter an operation that may not hold vp's vnode lock or an
238  *	fstrans on vp's mount.  Until spec_io_exit, the vnode will not
239  *	be revoked.
240  *
241  *	On success, set sn to the specnode pointer and dev to the dev_t
242  *	number and return zero.  Caller must later call spec_io_exit
243  *	when done.
244  *
245  *	On failure, return ENXIO -- the device has been revoked and no
246  *	longer exists.
247  */
248 static int
249 spec_io_enter(struct vnode *vp, struct specnode **snp, dev_t *devp)
250 {
251 	dev_t dev;
252 	struct specnode *sn;
253 	unsigned iocnt;
254 	int error = 0;
255 
256 	mutex_enter(vp->v_interlock);
257 
258 	/*
259 	 * Extract all the info we need from the vnode, unless the
260 	 * vnode has already been reclaimed.  This can happen if the
261 	 * underlying device has been removed and all the device nodes
262 	 * for it have been revoked.  The caller may not hold a vnode
263 	 * lock or fstrans to prevent this from happening before it has
264 	 * had an opportunity to notice the vnode is dead.
265 	 */
266 	if (vdead_check(vp, VDEAD_NOWAIT) != 0 ||
267 	    (sn = vp->v_specnode) == NULL ||
268 	    (dev = vp->v_rdev) == NODEV) {
269 		error = ENXIO;
270 		goto out;
271 	}
272 
273 	/*
274 	 * Notify spec_close that we are doing an I/O operation which
275 	 * may not be not bracketed by fstrans(9) and thus is not
276 	 * blocked by vfs suspension.
277 	 *
278 	 * We could hold this reference with psref(9) instead, but we
279 	 * already have to take the interlock for vdead_check, so
280 	 * there's not much more cost here to another atomic operation.
281 	 */
282 	do {
283 		iocnt = atomic_load_relaxed(&sn->sn_dev->sd_iocnt);
284 		if (__predict_false(iocnt == UINT_MAX)) {
285 			/*
286 			 * The I/O count is limited by the number of
287 			 * LWPs (which will never overflow this) --
288 			 * unless one driver uses another driver via
289 			 * specfs, which is rather unusual, but which
290 			 * could happen via pud(4) userspace drivers.
291 			 * We could use a 64-bit count, but can't use
292 			 * atomics for that on all platforms.
293 			 * (Probably better to switch to psref or
294 			 * localcount instead.)
295 			 */
296 			error = EBUSY;
297 			goto out;
298 		}
299 	} while (atomic_cas_uint(&sn->sn_dev->sd_iocnt, iocnt, iocnt + 1)
300 	    != iocnt);
301 
302 	/* Success!  */
303 	*snp = sn;
304 	*devp = dev;
305 	error = 0;
306 
307 out:	mutex_exit(vp->v_interlock);
308 	return error;
309 }
310 
311 /*
312  * spec_io_exit(vp, sn)
313  *
314  *	Exit an operation entered with a successful spec_io_enter --
315  *	allow concurrent spec_node_revoke to proceed.  The argument sn
316  *	must match the struct specnode pointer returned by spec_io_exit
317  *	for vp.
318  */
319 static void
320 spec_io_exit(struct vnode *vp, struct specnode *sn)
321 {
322 	struct specdev *sd = sn->sn_dev;
323 	unsigned iocnt;
324 
325 	KASSERT(vp->v_specnode == sn);
326 
327 	/*
328 	 * We are done.  Notify spec_close if appropriate.  The
329 	 * transition of 1 -> 0 must happen under device_lock so
330 	 * spec_close doesn't miss a wakeup.
331 	 */
332 	do {
333 		iocnt = atomic_load_relaxed(&sd->sd_iocnt);
334 		KASSERT(iocnt > 0);
335 		if (iocnt == 1) {
336 			mutex_enter(&device_lock);
337 			if (atomic_dec_uint_nv(&sd->sd_iocnt) == 0)
338 				cv_broadcast(&specfs_iocv);
339 			mutex_exit(&device_lock);
340 			break;
341 		}
342 	} while (atomic_cas_uint(&sd->sd_iocnt, iocnt, iocnt - 1) != iocnt);
343 }
344 
345 /*
346  * spec_io_drain(sd)
347  *
348  *	Wait for all existing spec_io_enter/exit sections to complete.
349  *	Caller must ensure spec_io_enter will fail at this point.
350  */
351 static void
352 spec_io_drain(struct specdev *sd)
353 {
354 
355 	/*
356 	 * I/O at the same time as closing is unlikely -- it often
357 	 * indicates an application bug.
358 	 */
359 	if (__predict_true(atomic_load_relaxed(&sd->sd_iocnt) == 0))
360 		return;
361 
362 	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
363 	while (atomic_load_relaxed(&sd->sd_iocnt) > 0)
364 		cv_wait(&specfs_iocv, &device_lock);
365 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
366 }
367 
368 /*
369  * Initialize a vnode that represents a device.
370  */
371 void
372 spec_node_init(vnode_t *vp, dev_t rdev)
373 {
374 	specnode_t *sn;
375 	specdev_t *sd;
376 	vnode_t *vp2;
377 	vnode_t **vpp;
378 
379 	KASSERT(vp->v_type == VBLK || vp->v_type == VCHR);
380 	KASSERT(vp->v_specnode == NULL);
381 
382 	/*
383 	 * Search the hash table for this device.  If known, add a
384 	 * reference to the device structure.  If not known, create
385 	 * a new entry to represent the device.  In all cases add
386 	 * the vnode to the hash table.
387 	 */
388 	sn = kmem_alloc(sizeof(*sn), KM_SLEEP);
389 	sd = kmem_alloc(sizeof(*sd), KM_SLEEP);
390 	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
391 	vpp = &specfs_hash[SPECHASH(rdev)];
392 	for (vp2 = *vpp; vp2 != NULL; vp2 = vp2->v_specnext) {
393 		KASSERT(vp2->v_specnode != NULL);
394 		if (rdev == vp2->v_rdev && vp->v_type == vp2->v_type) {
395 			break;
396 		}
397 	}
398 	if (vp2 == NULL) {
399 		/* No existing record, create a new one. */
400 		sd->sd_rdev = rdev;
401 		sd->sd_mountpoint = NULL;
402 		sd->sd_lockf = NULL;
403 		sd->sd_refcnt = 1;
404 		sd->sd_opencnt = 0;
405 		sd->sd_bdevvp = NULL;
406 		sd->sd_iocnt = 0;
407 		sd->sd_opened = false;
408 		sd->sd_closing = false;
409 		sn->sn_dev = sd;
410 		sd = NULL;
411 	} else {
412 		/* Use the existing record. */
413 		sn->sn_dev = vp2->v_specnode->sn_dev;
414 		sn->sn_dev->sd_refcnt++;
415 	}
416 	/* Insert vnode into the hash chain. */
417 	sn->sn_opencnt = 0;
418 	sn->sn_rdev = rdev;
419 	sn->sn_gone = false;
420 	vp->v_specnode = sn;
421 	vp->v_specnext = *vpp;
422 	*vpp = vp;
423 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
424 
425 	/* Free the record we allocated if unused. */
426 	if (sd != NULL) {
427 		kmem_free(sd, sizeof(*sd));
428 	}
429 }
430 
431 /*
432  * Lookup a vnode by device number and return it referenced.
433  */
434 int
435 spec_node_lookup_by_dev(enum vtype type, dev_t dev, int flags, vnode_t **vpp)
436 {
437 	int error;
438 	vnode_t *vp;
439 
440 top:	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
441 	for (vp = specfs_hash[SPECHASH(dev)]; vp; vp = vp->v_specnext) {
442 		if (type == vp->v_type && dev == vp->v_rdev) {
443 			mutex_enter(vp->v_interlock);
444 			/* If clean or being cleaned, then ignore it. */
445 			if (vdead_check(vp, VDEAD_NOWAIT) == 0)
446 				break;
447 			if ((flags & VDEAD_NOWAIT) == 0) {
448 				mutex_exit(&device_lock);
449 				/*
450 				 * It may be being revoked as we speak,
451 				 * and the caller wants to wait until
452 				 * all revocation has completed.  Let
453 				 * vcache_vget wait for it to finish
454 				 * dying; as a side effect, vcache_vget
455 				 * releases vp->v_interlock.  Note that
456 				 * vcache_vget cannot succeed at this
457 				 * point because vdead_check already
458 				 * failed.
459 				 */
460 				error = vcache_vget(vp);
461 				KASSERT(error);
462 				goto top;
463 			}
464 			mutex_exit(vp->v_interlock);
465 		}
466 	}
467 	KASSERT(vp == NULL || mutex_owned(vp->v_interlock));
468 	if (vp == NULL) {
469 		mutex_exit(&device_lock);
470 		return ENOENT;
471 	}
472 	/*
473 	 * If it is an opened block device return the opened vnode.
474 	 */
475 	if (type == VBLK && vp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_bdevvp != NULL) {
476 		mutex_exit(vp->v_interlock);
477 		vp = vp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_bdevvp;
478 		mutex_enter(vp->v_interlock);
479 	}
480 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
481 	error = vcache_vget(vp);
482 	if (error != 0)
483 		return error;
484 	*vpp = vp;
485 
486 	return 0;
487 }
488 
489 /*
490  * Lookup a vnode by file system mounted on and return it referenced.
491  */
492 int
493 spec_node_lookup_by_mount(struct mount *mp, vnode_t **vpp)
494 {
495 	int i, error;
496 	vnode_t *vp, *vq;
497 
498 	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
499 	for (i = 0, vq = NULL; i < SPECHSZ && vq == NULL; i++) {
500 		for (vp = specfs_hash[i]; vp; vp = vp->v_specnext) {
501 			if (vp->v_type != VBLK)
502 				continue;
503 			vq = vp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_bdevvp;
504 			if (vq != NULL &&
505 			    vq->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_mountpoint == mp)
506 				break;
507 			vq = NULL;
508 		}
509 	}
510 	if (vq == NULL) {
511 		mutex_exit(&device_lock);
512 		return ENOENT;
513 	}
514 	mutex_enter(vq->v_interlock);
515 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
516 	error = vcache_vget(vq);
517 	if (error != 0)
518 		return error;
519 	*vpp = vq;
520 
521 	return 0;
522 
523 }
524 
525 /*
526  * Get the file system mounted on this block device.
527  *
528  * XXX Caller should hold the vnode lock -- shared or exclusive -- so
529  * that this can't changed, and the vnode can't be revoked while we
530  * examine it.  But not all callers do, and they're scattered through a
531  * lot of file systems, so we can't assert this yet.
532  */
533 struct mount *
534 spec_node_getmountedfs(vnode_t *devvp)
535 {
536 	struct mount *mp;
537 
538 	KASSERT(devvp->v_type == VBLK);
539 	mp = devvp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_mountpoint;
540 
541 	return mp;
542 }
543 
544 /*
545  * Set the file system mounted on this block device.
546  *
547  * XXX Caller should hold the vnode lock exclusively so this can't be
548  * changed or assumed by spec_node_getmountedfs while we change it, and
549  * the vnode can't be revoked while we handle it.  But not all callers
550  * do, and they're scattered through a lot of file systems, so we can't
551  * assert this yet.  Instead, for now, we'll take an I/O reference so
552  * at least the ioctl doesn't race with revoke/detach.
553  *
554  * If you do change this to assert an exclusive vnode lock, you must
555  * also do vdead_check before trying bdev_ioctl, because the vnode may
556  * have been revoked by the time the caller locked it, and this is
557  * _not_ a vop -- calls to spec_node_setmountedfs don't go through
558  * v_op, so revoking the vnode doesn't prevent further calls.
559  *
560  * XXX Caller should additionally have the vnode open, at least if mp
561  * is nonnull, but I'm not sure all callers do that -- need to audit.
562  * Currently udf closes the vnode before clearing the mount.
563  */
564 void
565 spec_node_setmountedfs(vnode_t *devvp, struct mount *mp)
566 {
567 	struct dkwedge_info dkw;
568 	struct specnode *sn;
569 	dev_t dev;
570 	int error;
571 
572 	KASSERT(devvp->v_type == VBLK);
573 
574 	error = spec_io_enter(devvp, &sn, &dev);
575 	if (error)
576 		return;
577 
578 	KASSERT(sn->sn_dev->sd_mountpoint == NULL || mp == NULL);
579 	sn->sn_dev->sd_mountpoint = mp;
580 	if (mp == NULL)
581 		goto out;
582 
583 	error = bdev_ioctl(dev, DIOCGWEDGEINFO, &dkw, FREAD, curlwp);
584 	if (error)
585 		goto out;
586 
587 	strlcpy(mp->mnt_stat.f_mntfromlabel, dkw.dkw_wname,
588 	    sizeof(mp->mnt_stat.f_mntfromlabel));
589 
590 out:	spec_io_exit(devvp, sn);
591 }
592 
593 /*
594  * A vnode representing a special device is going away.  Close
595  * the device if the vnode holds it open.
596  */
597 void
598 spec_node_revoke(vnode_t *vp)
599 {
600 	specnode_t *sn;
601 	specdev_t *sd;
602 	struct vnode **vpp;
603 
604 	KASSERT(VOP_ISLOCKED(vp) == LK_EXCLUSIVE);
605 
606 	sn = vp->v_specnode;
607 	sd = sn->sn_dev;
608 
609 	KASSERT(vp->v_type == VBLK || vp->v_type == VCHR);
610 	KASSERT(vp->v_specnode != NULL);
611 	KASSERT(sn->sn_gone == false);
612 
613 	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
614 	KASSERTMSG(sn->sn_opencnt <= sd->sd_opencnt,
615 	    "sn_opencnt=%u > sd_opencnt=%u",
616 	    sn->sn_opencnt, sd->sd_opencnt);
617 	sn->sn_gone = true;
618 	if (sn->sn_opencnt != 0) {
619 		sd->sd_opencnt -= (sn->sn_opencnt - 1);
620 		sn->sn_opencnt = 1;
621 		mutex_exit(&device_lock);
622 
623 		VOP_CLOSE(vp, FNONBLOCK, NOCRED);
624 
625 		mutex_enter(&device_lock);
626 		KASSERT(sn->sn_opencnt == 0);
627 	}
628 
629 	/*
630 	 * We may have revoked the vnode in this thread while another
631 	 * thread was in the middle of spec_close, in the window when
632 	 * spec_close releases the vnode lock to call .d_close for the
633 	 * last close.  In that case, wait for the concurrent
634 	 * spec_close to complete.
635 	 */
636 	while (sd->sd_closing)
637 		cv_wait(&specfs_iocv, &device_lock);
638 
639 	/*
640 	 * Remove from the hash so lookups stop returning this
641 	 * specnode.  We will dissociate it from the specdev -- and
642 	 * possibly free the specdev -- in spec_node_destroy.
643 	 */
644 	KASSERT(sn->sn_gone);
645 	KASSERT(sn->sn_opencnt == 0);
646 	for (vpp = &specfs_hash[SPECHASH(vp->v_rdev)];;
647 	     vpp = &(*vpp)->v_specnext) {
648 		if (*vpp == vp) {
649 			*vpp = vp->v_specnext;
650 			vp->v_specnext = NULL;
651 			break;
652 		}
653 	}
654 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
655 }
656 
657 /*
658  * A vnode representing a special device is being recycled.
659  * Destroy the specfs component.
660  */
661 void
662 spec_node_destroy(vnode_t *vp)
663 {
664 	specnode_t *sn;
665 	specdev_t *sd;
666 	int refcnt;
667 
668 	sn = vp->v_specnode;
669 	sd = sn->sn_dev;
670 
671 	KASSERT(vp->v_type == VBLK || vp->v_type == VCHR);
672 	KASSERT(vp->v_specnode != NULL);
673 	KASSERT(sn->sn_opencnt == 0);
674 
675 	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
676 	sn = vp->v_specnode;
677 	vp->v_specnode = NULL;
678 	refcnt = sd->sd_refcnt--;
679 	KASSERT(refcnt > 0);
680 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
681 
682 	/* If the device is no longer in use, destroy our record. */
683 	if (refcnt == 1) {
684 		KASSERT(sd->sd_iocnt == 0);
685 		KASSERT(sd->sd_opencnt == 0);
686 		KASSERT(sd->sd_bdevvp == NULL);
687 		kmem_free(sd, sizeof(*sd));
688 	}
689 	kmem_free(sn, sizeof(*sn));
690 }
691 
692 /*
693  * Trivial lookup routine that always fails.
694  */
695 int
696 spec_lookup(void *v)
697 {
698 	struct vop_lookup_v2_args /* {
699 		struct vnode *a_dvp;
700 		struct vnode **a_vpp;
701 		struct componentname *a_cnp;
702 	} */ *ap = v;
703 
704 	*ap->a_vpp = NULL;
705 	return (ENOTDIR);
706 }
707 
708 typedef int (*spec_ioctl_t)(dev_t, u_long, void *, int, struct lwp *);
709 
710 /*
711  * Open a special file.
712  */
713 /* ARGSUSED */
714 int
715 spec_open(void *v)
716 {
717 	struct vop_open_args /* {
718 		struct vnode *a_vp;
719 		int  a_mode;
720 		kauth_cred_t a_cred;
721 	} */ *ap = v;
722 	struct lwp *l = curlwp;
723 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
724 	dev_t dev, dev1;
725 	int error;
726 	enum kauth_device_req req;
727 	specnode_t *sn, *sn1;
728 	specdev_t *sd;
729 	spec_ioctl_t ioctl;
730 	u_int gen = 0;
731 	const char *name = NULL;
732 	bool needclose = false;
733 	struct partinfo pi;
734 
735 	KASSERT(VOP_ISLOCKED(vp) == LK_EXCLUSIVE);
736 	KASSERTMSG(vp->v_type == VBLK || vp->v_type == VCHR, "type=%d",
737 	    vp->v_type);
738 
739 	dev = vp->v_rdev;
740 	sn = vp->v_specnode;
741 	sd = sn->sn_dev;
742 
743 	/*
744 	 * Don't allow open if fs is mounted -nodev.
745 	 */
746 	if (vp->v_mount && (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NODEV))
747 		return (ENXIO);
748 
749 	switch (ap->a_mode & (FREAD | FWRITE)) {
750 	case FREAD | FWRITE:
751 		req = KAUTH_REQ_DEVICE_RAWIO_SPEC_RW;
752 		break;
753 	case FWRITE:
754 		req = KAUTH_REQ_DEVICE_RAWIO_SPEC_WRITE;
755 		break;
756 	default:
757 		req = KAUTH_REQ_DEVICE_RAWIO_SPEC_READ;
758 		break;
759 	}
760 	error = kauth_authorize_device_spec(ap->a_cred, req, vp);
761 	if (error != 0)
762 		return (error);
763 
764 	/*
765 	 * Acquire an open reference -- as long as we hold onto it, and
766 	 * the vnode isn't revoked, it can't be closed, and the vnode
767 	 * can't be revoked until we release the vnode lock.
768 	 */
769 	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
770 	KASSERT(!sn->sn_gone);
771 	switch (vp->v_type) {
772 	case VCHR:
773 		/*
774 		 * Character devices can accept opens from multiple
775 		 * vnodes.  But first, wait for any close to finish.
776 		 * Wait under the vnode lock so we don't have to worry
777 		 * about the vnode being revoked while we wait.
778 		 */
779 		while (sd->sd_closing) {
780 			error = cv_wait_sig(&specfs_iocv, &device_lock);
781 			if (error)
782 				break;
783 		}
784 		if (error)
785 			break;
786 		sd->sd_opencnt++;
787 		sn->sn_opencnt++;
788 		KASSERTMSG(sn->sn_opencnt <= sd->sd_opencnt,
789 		    "sn_opencnt=%u > sd_opencnt=%u",
790 		    sn->sn_opencnt, sd->sd_opencnt);
791 		break;
792 	case VBLK:
793 		/*
794 		 * For block devices, permit only one open.  The buffer
795 		 * cache cannot remain self-consistent with multiple
796 		 * vnodes holding a block device open.
797 		 *
798 		 * Treat zero opencnt with non-NULL mountpoint as open.
799 		 * This may happen after forced detach of a mounted device.
800 		 *
801 		 * Also treat sd_closing, meaning there is a concurrent
802 		 * close in progress, as still open.
803 		 */
804 		if (sd->sd_opencnt != 0 ||
805 		    sd->sd_mountpoint != NULL ||
806 		    sd->sd_closing) {
807 			error = EBUSY;
808 			break;
809 		}
810 		KASSERTMSG(sn->sn_opencnt == 0, "sn_opencnt=%u",
811 		    sn->sn_opencnt);
812 		sn->sn_opencnt = 1;
813 		sd->sd_opencnt = 1;
814 		sd->sd_bdevvp = vp;
815 		break;
816 	default:
817 		panic("invalid specfs vnode type: %d", vp->v_type);
818 	}
819 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
820 	if (error)
821 		return error;
822 
823 	/*
824 	 * Set VV_ISTTY if this is a tty cdev.
825 	 *
826 	 * XXX This does the wrong thing if the module has to be
827 	 * autoloaded.  We should maybe set this after autoloading
828 	 * modules and calling .d_open successfully, except (a) we need
829 	 * the vnode lock to touch it, and (b) once we acquire the
830 	 * vnode lock again, the vnode may have been revoked, and
831 	 * deadfs's dead_read needs VV_ISTTY to be already set in order
832 	 * to return the right answer.  So this needs some additional
833 	 * synchronization to be made to work correctly with tty driver
834 	 * module autoload.  For now, let's just hope it doesn't cause
835 	 * too much trouble for a tty from an autoloaded driver module
836 	 * to fail with EIO instead of returning EOF.
837 	 */
838 	if (vp->v_type == VCHR) {
839 		if (cdev_type(dev) == D_TTY)
840 			vp->v_vflag |= VV_ISTTY;
841 	}
842 
843 	/*
844 	 * Because opening the device may block indefinitely, e.g. when
845 	 * opening a tty, and loading a module may cross into many
846 	 * other subsystems, we must not hold the vnode lock while
847 	 * calling .d_open, so release it now and reacquire it when
848 	 * done.
849 	 *
850 	 * Take an I/O reference so that any concurrent spec_close via
851 	 * spec_node_revoke will wait for us to finish calling .d_open.
852 	 * The vnode can't be dead at this point because we have it
853 	 * locked.  Note that if revoked, the driver must interrupt
854 	 * .d_open before spec_close starts waiting for I/O to drain so
855 	 * this doesn't deadlock.
856 	 */
857 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
858 	error = spec_io_enter(vp, &sn1, &dev1);
859 	if (error) {
860 		vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
861 		return error;
862 	}
863 	KASSERT(sn1 == sn);
864 	KASSERT(dev1 == dev);
865 
866 	/*
867 	 * Open the device.  If .d_open returns ENXIO (device not
868 	 * configured), the driver may not be loaded, so try
869 	 * autoloading a module and then try .d_open again if anything
870 	 * got loaded.
871 	 */
872 	switch (vp->v_type) {
873 	case VCHR:
874 		do {
875 			const struct cdevsw *cdev;
876 
877 			gen = module_gen;
878 			error = cdev_open(dev, ap->a_mode, S_IFCHR, l);
879 			if (error != ENXIO)
880 				break;
881 
882 			/* Check if we already have a valid driver */
883 			mutex_enter(&device_lock);
884 			cdev = cdevsw_lookup(dev);
885 			mutex_exit(&device_lock);
886 			if (cdev != NULL)
887 				break;
888 
889 			/* Get device name from devsw_conv array */
890 			if ((name = cdevsw_getname(major(dev))) == NULL)
891 				break;
892 
893 			/* Try to autoload device module */
894 			(void) module_autoload(name, MODULE_CLASS_DRIVER);
895 		} while (gen != module_gen);
896 		break;
897 
898 	case VBLK:
899 		do {
900 			const struct bdevsw *bdev;
901 
902 			gen = module_gen;
903 			error = bdev_open(dev, ap->a_mode, S_IFBLK, l);
904 			if (error != ENXIO)
905 				break;
906 
907 			/* Check if we already have a valid driver */
908 			mutex_enter(&device_lock);
909 			bdev = bdevsw_lookup(dev);
910 			mutex_exit(&device_lock);
911 			if (bdev != NULL)
912 				break;
913 
914 			/* Get device name from devsw_conv array */
915 			if ((name = bdevsw_getname(major(dev))) == NULL)
916 				break;
917 
918                         /* Try to autoload device module */
919 			(void) module_autoload(name, MODULE_CLASS_DRIVER);
920 		} while (gen != module_gen);
921 		break;
922 
923 	default:
924 		__unreachable();
925 	}
926 
927 	/*
928 	 * Release the I/O reference now that we have called .d_open,
929 	 * and reacquire the vnode lock.  At this point, the device may
930 	 * have been revoked, so we must tread carefully.  However, sn
931 	 * and sd remain valid pointers until we drop our reference.
932 	 */
933 	spec_io_exit(vp, sn);
934 	vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
935 	KASSERT(vp->v_specnode == sn);
936 
937 	/*
938 	 * If it has been revoked since we released the vnode lock and
939 	 * reacquired it, then spec_node_revoke has closed it, and we
940 	 * must fail with EBADF.
941 	 *
942 	 * Otherwise, if opening it failed, back out and release the
943 	 * open reference.  If it was ever successfully opened and we
944 	 * got the last reference this way, it's now our job to close
945 	 * it.  This might happen in the following scenario:
946 	 *
947 	 *	Thread 1		Thread 2
948 	 *	VOP_OPEN
949 	 *	  ...
950 	 *	  .d_open -> 0 (success)
951 	 *	  acquire vnode lock
952 	 *	  do stuff		VOP_OPEN
953 	 *	  release vnode lock	...
954 	 *				  .d_open -> EBUSY
955 	 *	VOP_CLOSE
956 	 *	  acquire vnode lock
957 	 *	  --sd_opencnt != 0
958 	 *	  => no .d_close
959 	 *	  release vnode lock
960 	 *				  acquire vnode lock
961 	 *				  --sd_opencnt == 0
962 	 *
963 	 * We can't resolve this by making spec_close wait for .d_open
964 	 * to complete before examining sd_opencnt, because .d_open can
965 	 * hang indefinitely, e.g. for a tty.
966 	 */
967 	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
968 	if (sn->sn_gone) {
969 		if (error == 0)
970 			error = EBADF;
971 	} else if (error == 0) {
972 		/*
973 		 * Device has not been revoked, so our opencnt can't
974 		 * have gone away at this point -- transition to
975 		 * sn_gone=true happens before transition to
976 		 * sn_opencnt=0 in spec_node_revoke.
977 		 */
978 		KASSERT(sd->sd_opencnt);
979 		KASSERT(sn->sn_opencnt);
980 		KASSERTMSG(sn->sn_opencnt <= sd->sd_opencnt,
981 		    "sn_opencnt=%u > sd_opencnt=%u",
982 		    sn->sn_opencnt, sd->sd_opencnt);
983 		KASSERT(!sd->sd_closing);
984 		sd->sd_opened = true;
985 	} else if (sd->sd_opencnt == 1 && sd->sd_opened) {
986 		/*
987 		 * We're the last reference to a _previous_ open even
988 		 * though this one failed, so we have to close it.
989 		 * Don't decrement the reference count here --
990 		 * spec_close will do that.
991 		 */
992 		KASSERT(sn->sn_opencnt == 1);
993 		needclose = true;
994 	} else {
995 		KASSERT(sd->sd_opencnt);
996 		KASSERT(sn->sn_opencnt);
997 		KASSERTMSG(sn->sn_opencnt <= sd->sd_opencnt,
998 		    "sn_opencnt=%u > sd_opencnt=%u",
999 		    sn->sn_opencnt, sd->sd_opencnt);
1000 		sd->sd_opencnt--;
1001 		sn->sn_opencnt--;
1002 		if (vp->v_type == VBLK)
1003 			sd->sd_bdevvp = NULL;
1004 	}
1005 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
1006 
1007 	/*
1008 	 * If this open failed, but the device was previously opened,
1009 	 * and another thread concurrently closed the vnode while we
1010 	 * were in the middle of reopening it, the other thread will
1011 	 * see sd_opencnt > 0 and thus decide not to call .d_close --
1012 	 * it is now our responsibility to do so.
1013 	 *
1014 	 * XXX The flags passed to VOP_CLOSE here are wrong, but
1015 	 * drivers can't rely on FREAD|FWRITE anyway -- e.g., consider
1016 	 * a device opened by thread 0 with O_READ, then opened by
1017 	 * thread 1 with O_WRITE, then closed by thread 0, and finally
1018 	 * closed by thread 1; the last .d_close call will have FWRITE
1019 	 * but not FREAD.  We should just eliminate the FREAD/FWRITE
1020 	 * parameter to .d_close altogether.
1021 	 */
1022 	if (needclose) {
1023 		KASSERT(error);
1024 		VOP_CLOSE(vp, FNONBLOCK, NOCRED);
1025 	}
1026 
1027 	/* If anything went wrong, we're done.  */
1028 	if (error)
1029 		return error;
1030 
1031 	/*
1032 	 * For disk devices, automagically set the vnode size to the
1033 	 * partition size, if we can.  This applies to block devices
1034 	 * and character devices alike -- every block device must have
1035 	 * a corresponding character device.  And if the module is
1036 	 * loaded it will remain loaded until we're done here (it is
1037 	 * forbidden to devsw_detach until closed).  So it is safe to
1038 	 * query cdev_type unconditionally here.
1039 	 */
1040 	if (cdev_type(dev) == D_DISK) {
1041 		ioctl = vp->v_type == VCHR ? cdev_ioctl : bdev_ioctl;
1042 		if ((*ioctl)(dev, DIOCGPARTINFO, &pi, FREAD, curlwp) == 0)
1043 			uvm_vnp_setsize(vp,
1044 			    (voff_t)pi.pi_secsize * pi.pi_size);
1045 	}
1046 
1047 	/* Success!  */
1048 	return 0;
1049 }
1050 
1051 /*
1052  * Vnode op for read
1053  */
1054 /* ARGSUSED */
1055 int
1056 spec_read(void *v)
1057 {
1058 	struct vop_read_args /* {
1059 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1060 		struct uio *a_uio;
1061 		int  a_ioflag;
1062 		kauth_cred_t a_cred;
1063 	} */ *ap = v;
1064 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1065 	struct uio *uio = ap->a_uio;
1066  	struct lwp *l = curlwp;
1067 	struct specnode *sn;
1068 	dev_t dev;
1069 	struct buf *bp;
1070 	daddr_t bn;
1071 	int bsize, bscale;
1072 	struct partinfo pi;
1073 	int n, on;
1074 	int error = 0;
1075 	int i, nra;
1076 	daddr_t lastbn, *rablks;
1077 	int *rasizes;
1078 	int nrablks, ratogo;
1079 
1080 	KASSERT(uio->uio_rw == UIO_READ);
1081 	KASSERTMSG(VMSPACE_IS_KERNEL_P(uio->uio_vmspace) ||
1082 		   uio->uio_vmspace == curproc->p_vmspace,
1083 		"vmspace belongs to neither kernel nor curproc");
1084 
1085 	if (uio->uio_resid == 0)
1086 		return (0);
1087 
1088 	switch (vp->v_type) {
1089 
1090 	case VCHR:
1091 		/*
1092 		 * Release the lock while we sleep -- possibly
1093 		 * indefinitely, if this is, e.g., a tty -- in
1094 		 * cdev_read, so we don't hold up everything else that
1095 		 * might want access to the vnode.
1096 		 *
1097 		 * But before we issue the read, take an I/O reference
1098 		 * to the specnode so close will know when we're done
1099 		 * reading.  Note that the moment we release the lock,
1100 		 * the vnode's identity may change; hence spec_io_enter
1101 		 * may fail, and the caller may have a dead vnode on
1102 		 * their hands, if the file system on which vp lived
1103 		 * has been unmounted.
1104 		 */
1105 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
1106 		error = spec_io_enter(vp, &sn, &dev);
1107 		if (error)
1108 			goto out;
1109 		error = cdev_read(dev, uio, ap->a_ioflag);
1110 		spec_io_exit(vp, sn);
1111 out:		/* XXX What if the caller held an exclusive lock?  */
1112 		vn_lock(vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
1113 		return (error);
1114 
1115 	case VBLK:
1116 		KASSERT(vp == vp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_bdevvp);
1117 		if (uio->uio_offset < 0)
1118 			return (EINVAL);
1119 
1120 		if (bdev_ioctl(vp->v_rdev, DIOCGPARTINFO, &pi, FREAD, l) == 0)
1121 			bsize = imin(imax(pi.pi_bsize, DEV_BSIZE), MAXBSIZE);
1122 		else
1123 			bsize = BLKDEV_IOSIZE;
1124 
1125 		bscale = bsize >> DEV_BSHIFT;
1126 
1127 		nra = uimax(16 * MAXPHYS / bsize - 1, 511);
1128 		rablks = kmem_alloc(nra * sizeof(*rablks), KM_SLEEP);
1129 		rasizes = kmem_alloc(nra * sizeof(*rasizes), KM_SLEEP);
1130 		lastbn = ((uio->uio_offset + uio->uio_resid - 1) >> DEV_BSHIFT)
1131 		    &~ (bscale - 1);
1132 		nrablks = ratogo = 0;
1133 		do {
1134 			bn = (uio->uio_offset >> DEV_BSHIFT) &~ (bscale - 1);
1135 			on = uio->uio_offset % bsize;
1136 			n = uimin((unsigned)(bsize - on), uio->uio_resid);
1137 
1138 			if (ratogo == 0) {
1139 				nrablks = uimin((lastbn - bn) / bscale, nra);
1140 				ratogo = nrablks;
1141 
1142 				for (i = 0; i < nrablks; ++i) {
1143 					rablks[i] = bn + (i+1) * bscale;
1144 					rasizes[i] = bsize;
1145 				}
1146 
1147 				error = breadn(vp, bn, bsize,
1148 					       rablks, rasizes, nrablks,
1149 					       0, &bp);
1150 			} else {
1151 				if (ratogo > 0)
1152 					--ratogo;
1153 				error = bread(vp, bn, bsize, 0, &bp);
1154 			}
1155 			if (error)
1156 				break;
1157 			n = uimin(n, bsize - bp->b_resid);
1158 			error = uiomove((char *)bp->b_data + on, n, uio);
1159 			brelse(bp, 0);
1160 		} while (error == 0 && uio->uio_resid > 0 && n != 0);
1161 
1162 		kmem_free(rablks, nra * sizeof(*rablks));
1163 		kmem_free(rasizes, nra * sizeof(*rasizes));
1164 
1165 		return (error);
1166 
1167 	default:
1168 		panic("spec_read type");
1169 	}
1170 	/* NOTREACHED */
1171 }
1172 
1173 /*
1174  * Vnode op for write
1175  */
1176 /* ARGSUSED */
1177 int
1178 spec_write(void *v)
1179 {
1180 	struct vop_write_args /* {
1181 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1182 		struct uio *a_uio;
1183 		int  a_ioflag;
1184 		kauth_cred_t a_cred;
1185 	} */ *ap = v;
1186 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1187 	struct uio *uio = ap->a_uio;
1188 	struct lwp *l = curlwp;
1189 	struct specnode *sn;
1190 	dev_t dev;
1191 	struct buf *bp;
1192 	daddr_t bn;
1193 	int bsize, bscale;
1194 	struct partinfo pi;
1195 	int n, on;
1196 	int error = 0;
1197 
1198 	KASSERT(uio->uio_rw == UIO_WRITE);
1199 	KASSERTMSG(VMSPACE_IS_KERNEL_P(uio->uio_vmspace) ||
1200 		   uio->uio_vmspace == curproc->p_vmspace,
1201 		"vmspace belongs to neither kernel nor curproc");
1202 
1203 	switch (vp->v_type) {
1204 
1205 	case VCHR:
1206 		/*
1207 		 * Release the lock while we sleep -- possibly
1208 		 * indefinitely, if this is, e.g., a tty -- in
1209 		 * cdev_write, so we don't hold up everything else that
1210 		 * might want access to the vnode.
1211 		 *
1212 		 * But before we issue the write, take an I/O reference
1213 		 * to the specnode so close will know when we're done
1214 		 * writing.  Note that the moment we release the lock,
1215 		 * the vnode's identity may change; hence spec_io_enter
1216 		 * may fail, and the caller may have a dead vnode on
1217 		 * their hands, if the file system on which vp lived
1218 		 * has been unmounted.
1219 		 */
1220 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
1221 		error = spec_io_enter(vp, &sn, &dev);
1222 		if (error)
1223 			goto out;
1224 		error = cdev_write(dev, uio, ap->a_ioflag);
1225 		spec_io_exit(vp, sn);
1226 out:		vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
1227 		return (error);
1228 
1229 	case VBLK:
1230 		KASSERT(vp == vp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_bdevvp);
1231 		if (uio->uio_resid == 0)
1232 			return (0);
1233 		if (uio->uio_offset < 0)
1234 			return (EINVAL);
1235 
1236 		if (bdev_ioctl(vp->v_rdev, DIOCGPARTINFO, &pi, FREAD, l) == 0)
1237 			bsize = imin(imax(pi.pi_bsize, DEV_BSIZE), MAXBSIZE);
1238 		else
1239 			bsize = BLKDEV_IOSIZE;
1240 
1241 		bscale = bsize >> DEV_BSHIFT;
1242 		do {
1243 			bn = (uio->uio_offset >> DEV_BSHIFT) &~ (bscale - 1);
1244 			on = uio->uio_offset % bsize;
1245 			n = uimin((unsigned)(bsize - on), uio->uio_resid);
1246 			if (n == bsize)
1247 				bp = getblk(vp, bn, bsize, 0, 0);
1248 			else
1249 				error = bread(vp, bn, bsize, B_MODIFY, &bp);
1250 			if (error) {
1251 				return (error);
1252 			}
1253 			n = uimin(n, bsize - bp->b_resid);
1254 			error = uiomove((char *)bp->b_data + on, n, uio);
1255 			if (error)
1256 				brelse(bp, 0);
1257 			else {
1258 				if (n + on == bsize)
1259 					bawrite(bp);
1260 				else
1261 					bdwrite(bp);
1262 				error = bp->b_error;
1263 			}
1264 		} while (error == 0 && uio->uio_resid > 0 && n != 0);
1265 		return (error);
1266 
1267 	default:
1268 		panic("spec_write type");
1269 	}
1270 	/* NOTREACHED */
1271 }
1272 
1273 /*
1274  * fdiscard, which on disk devices becomes TRIM.
1275  */
1276 int
1277 spec_fdiscard(void *v)
1278 {
1279 	struct vop_fdiscard_args /* {
1280 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1281 		off_t a_pos;
1282 		off_t a_len;
1283 	} */ *ap = v;
1284 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1285 	dev_t dev;
1286 
1287 	KASSERT(VOP_ISLOCKED(vp) == LK_EXCLUSIVE);
1288 
1289 	dev = vp->v_rdev;
1290 
1291 	switch (vp->v_type) {
1292 	    case VCHR:
1293 		// this is not stored for character devices
1294 		//KASSERT(vp == vp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_cdevvp);
1295 		return cdev_discard(dev, ap->a_pos, ap->a_len);
1296 	    case VBLK:
1297 		KASSERT(vp == vp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_bdevvp);
1298 		return bdev_discard(dev, ap->a_pos, ap->a_len);
1299 	    default:
1300 		panic("spec_fdiscard: not a device\n");
1301 	}
1302 }
1303 
1304 /*
1305  * Device ioctl operation.
1306  */
1307 /* ARGSUSED */
1308 int
1309 spec_ioctl(void *v)
1310 {
1311 	struct vop_ioctl_args /* {
1312 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1313 		u_long a_command;
1314 		void  *a_data;
1315 		int  a_fflag;
1316 		kauth_cred_t a_cred;
1317 	} */ *ap = v;
1318 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1319 	struct specnode *sn;
1320 	dev_t dev;
1321 	int error;
1322 
1323 	error = spec_io_enter(vp, &sn, &dev);
1324 	if (error)
1325 		return error;
1326 
1327 	switch (vp->v_type) {
1328 	case VCHR:
1329 		error = cdev_ioctl(dev, ap->a_command, ap->a_data,
1330 		    ap->a_fflag, curlwp);
1331 		break;
1332 	case VBLK:
1333 		KASSERT(vp == vp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_bdevvp);
1334 		error = bdev_ioctl(dev, ap->a_command, ap->a_data,
1335 		   ap->a_fflag, curlwp);
1336 		break;
1337 	default:
1338 		panic("spec_ioctl");
1339 		/* NOTREACHED */
1340 	}
1341 
1342 	spec_io_exit(vp, sn);
1343 	return error;
1344 }
1345 
1346 /* ARGSUSED */
1347 int
1348 spec_poll(void *v)
1349 {
1350 	struct vop_poll_args /* {
1351 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1352 		int a_events;
1353 	} */ *ap = v;
1354 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1355 	struct specnode *sn;
1356 	dev_t dev;
1357 	int revents;
1358 
1359 	if (spec_io_enter(vp, &sn, &dev) != 0)
1360 		return POLLERR;
1361 
1362 	switch (vp->v_type) {
1363 	case VCHR:
1364 		revents = cdev_poll(dev, ap->a_events, curlwp);
1365 		break;
1366 	default:
1367 		revents = genfs_poll(v);
1368 		break;
1369 	}
1370 
1371 	spec_io_exit(vp, sn);
1372 	return revents;
1373 }
1374 
1375 /* ARGSUSED */
1376 int
1377 spec_kqfilter(void *v)
1378 {
1379 	struct vop_kqfilter_args /* {
1380 		struct vnode	*a_vp;
1381 		struct proc	*a_kn;
1382 	} */ *ap = v;
1383 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1384 	struct specnode *sn;
1385 	dev_t dev;
1386 	int error;
1387 
1388 	error = spec_io_enter(vp, &sn, &dev);
1389 	if (error)
1390 		return error;
1391 
1392 	switch (vp->v_type) {
1393 	case VCHR:
1394 		error = cdev_kqfilter(dev, ap->a_kn);
1395 		break;
1396 	default:
1397 		/*
1398 		 * Block devices don't support kqfilter, and refuse it
1399 		 * for any other files (like those vflush()ed) too.
1400 		 */
1401 		error = EOPNOTSUPP;
1402 		break;
1403 	}
1404 
1405 	spec_io_exit(vp, sn);
1406 	return error;
1407 }
1408 
1409 /*
1410  * Allow mapping of only D_DISK.  This is called only for VBLK.
1411  */
1412 int
1413 spec_mmap(void *v)
1414 {
1415 	struct vop_mmap_args /* {
1416 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1417 		vm_prot_t a_prot;
1418 		kauth_cred_t a_cred;
1419 	} */ *ap = v;
1420 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1421 	struct specnode *sn;
1422 	dev_t dev;
1423 	int error;
1424 
1425 	KASSERT(vp->v_type == VBLK);
1426 
1427 	error = spec_io_enter(vp, &sn, &dev);
1428 	if (error)
1429 		return error;
1430 
1431 	error = bdev_type(dev) == D_DISK ? 0 : EINVAL;
1432 
1433 	spec_io_exit(vp, sn);
1434 	return 0;
1435 }
1436 
1437 /*
1438  * Synch buffers associated with a block device
1439  */
1440 /* ARGSUSED */
1441 int
1442 spec_fsync(void *v)
1443 {
1444 	struct vop_fsync_args /* {
1445 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1446 		kauth_cred_t a_cred;
1447 		int  a_flags;
1448 		off_t offlo;
1449 		off_t offhi;
1450 	} */ *ap = v;
1451 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1452 	struct mount *mp;
1453 	int error;
1454 
1455 	if (vp->v_type == VBLK) {
1456 		if ((mp = spec_node_getmountedfs(vp)) != NULL) {
1457 			error = VFS_FSYNC(mp, vp, ap->a_flags);
1458 			if (error != EOPNOTSUPP)
1459 				return error;
1460 		}
1461 		return vflushbuf(vp, ap->a_flags);
1462 	}
1463 	return (0);
1464 }
1465 
1466 /*
1467  * Just call the device strategy routine
1468  */
1469 int
1470 spec_strategy(void *v)
1471 {
1472 	struct vop_strategy_args /* {
1473 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1474 		struct buf *a_bp;
1475 	} */ *ap = v;
1476 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1477 	struct buf *bp = ap->a_bp;
1478 	struct specnode *sn = NULL;
1479 	dev_t dev;
1480 	int error;
1481 
1482 	error = spec_io_enter(vp, &sn, &dev);
1483 	if (error)
1484 		goto out;
1485 
1486 	bp->b_dev = dev;
1487 
1488 	if (!(bp->b_flags & B_READ)) {
1489 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1490 		if (bp->b_vp && bp->b_vp->v_type == VBLK) {
1491 			struct mount *mp = spec_node_getmountedfs(bp->b_vp);
1492 
1493 			if (mp && (mp->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY)) {
1494 				printf("%s blk %"PRId64" written while ro!\n",
1495 				    mp->mnt_stat.f_mntonname, bp->b_blkno);
1496 #ifdef DDB
1497 				db_stacktrace();
1498 #endif
1499 			}
1500 		}
1501 #endif /* DIAGNOSTIC */
1502 		error = fscow_run(bp, false);
1503 		if (error)
1504 			goto out;
1505 	}
1506 	bdev_strategy(bp);
1507 
1508 	error = 0;
1509 
1510 out:	if (sn)
1511 		spec_io_exit(vp, sn);
1512 	if (error) {
1513 		bp->b_error = error;
1514 		bp->b_resid = bp->b_bcount;
1515 		biodone(bp);
1516 	}
1517 	return error;
1518 }
1519 
1520 int
1521 spec_inactive(void *v)
1522 {
1523 	struct vop_inactive_v2_args /* {
1524 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1525 		struct bool *a_recycle;
1526 	} */ *ap = v;
1527 
1528 	KASSERT(ap->a_vp->v_mount == dead_rootmount);
1529 	*ap->a_recycle = true;
1530 
1531 	return 0;
1532 }
1533 
1534 int
1535 spec_reclaim(void *v)
1536 {
1537 	struct vop_reclaim_v2_args /* {
1538 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1539 	} */ *ap = v;
1540 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1541 
1542 	KASSERT(vp->v_specnode->sn_opencnt == 0);
1543 
1544 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
1545 
1546 	KASSERT(vp->v_mount == dead_rootmount);
1547 	return 0;
1548 }
1549 
1550 /*
1551  * This is a noop, simply returning what one has been given.
1552  */
1553 int
1554 spec_bmap(void *v)
1555 {
1556 	struct vop_bmap_args /* {
1557 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1558 		daddr_t  a_bn;
1559 		struct vnode **a_vpp;
1560 		daddr_t *a_bnp;
1561 		int *a_runp;
1562 	} */ *ap = v;
1563 
1564 	if (ap->a_vpp != NULL)
1565 		*ap->a_vpp = ap->a_vp;
1566 	if (ap->a_bnp != NULL)
1567 		*ap->a_bnp = ap->a_bn;
1568 	if (ap->a_runp != NULL)
1569 		*ap->a_runp = (MAXBSIZE >> DEV_BSHIFT) - 1;
1570 	return (0);
1571 }
1572 
1573 /*
1574  * Device close routine
1575  */
1576 /* ARGSUSED */
1577 int
1578 spec_close(void *v)
1579 {
1580 	struct vop_close_args /* {
1581 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1582 		int  a_fflag;
1583 		kauth_cred_t a_cred;
1584 	} */ *ap = v;
1585 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1586 	struct session *sess;
1587 	dev_t dev;
1588 	int flags = ap->a_fflag;
1589 	int mode, error, count;
1590 	specnode_t *sn;
1591 	specdev_t *sd;
1592 
1593 	KASSERT(VOP_ISLOCKED(vp) == LK_EXCLUSIVE);
1594 
1595 	mutex_enter(vp->v_interlock);
1596 	sn = vp->v_specnode;
1597 	dev = vp->v_rdev;
1598 	sd = sn->sn_dev;
1599 	/*
1600 	 * If we're going away soon, make this non-blocking.
1601 	 * Also ensures that we won't wedge in vn_lock below.
1602 	 */
1603 	if (vdead_check(vp, VDEAD_NOWAIT) != 0)
1604 		flags |= FNONBLOCK;
1605 	mutex_exit(vp->v_interlock);
1606 
1607 	switch (vp->v_type) {
1608 
1609 	case VCHR:
1610 		/*
1611 		 * Hack: a tty device that is a controlling terminal
1612 		 * has a reference from the session structure.  We
1613 		 * cannot easily tell that a character device is a
1614 		 * controlling terminal, unless it is the closing
1615 		 * process' controlling terminal.  In that case, if the
1616 		 * open count is 1 release the reference from the
1617 		 * session.  Also, remove the link from the tty back to
1618 		 * the session and pgrp.
1619 		 *
1620 		 * XXX V. fishy.
1621 		 */
1622 		mutex_enter(&proc_lock);
1623 		sess = curlwp->l_proc->p_session;
1624 		if (sn->sn_opencnt == 1 && vp == sess->s_ttyvp) {
1625 			mutex_spin_enter(&tty_lock);
1626 			sess->s_ttyvp = NULL;
1627 			if (sess->s_ttyp->t_session != NULL) {
1628 				sess->s_ttyp->t_pgrp = NULL;
1629 				sess->s_ttyp->t_session = NULL;
1630 				mutex_spin_exit(&tty_lock);
1631 				/* Releases proc_lock. */
1632 				proc_sessrele(sess);
1633 			} else {
1634 				mutex_spin_exit(&tty_lock);
1635 				if (sess->s_ttyp->t_pgrp != NULL)
1636 					panic("spec_close: spurious pgrp ref");
1637 				mutex_exit(&proc_lock);
1638 			}
1639 			vrele(vp);
1640 		} else
1641 			mutex_exit(&proc_lock);
1642 
1643 		/*
1644 		 * If the vnode is locked, then we are in the midst
1645 		 * of forcably closing the device, otherwise we only
1646 		 * close on last reference.
1647 		 */
1648 		mode = S_IFCHR;
1649 		break;
1650 
1651 	case VBLK:
1652 		KASSERT(vp == vp->v_specnode->sn_dev->sd_bdevvp);
1653 		/*
1654 		 * On last close of a block device (that isn't mounted)
1655 		 * we must invalidate any in core blocks, so that
1656 		 * we can, for instance, change floppy disks.
1657 		 */
1658 		error = vinvalbuf(vp, V_SAVE, ap->a_cred, curlwp, 0, 0);
1659 		if (error)
1660 			return (error);
1661 		/*
1662 		 * We do not want to really close the device if it
1663 		 * is still in use unless we are trying to close it
1664 		 * forcibly. Since every use (buffer, vnode, swap, cmap)
1665 		 * holds a reference to the vnode, and because we mark
1666 		 * any other vnodes that alias this device, when the
1667 		 * sum of the reference counts on all the aliased
1668 		 * vnodes descends to one, we are on last close.
1669 		 */
1670 		mode = S_IFBLK;
1671 		break;
1672 
1673 	default:
1674 		panic("spec_close: not special");
1675 	}
1676 
1677 	/*
1678 	 * Decrement the open reference count of this node and the
1679 	 * device.  For block devices, the open reference count must be
1680 	 * 1 at this point.  If the device's open reference count goes
1681 	 * to zero, we're the last one out so get the lights.
1682 	 *
1683 	 * We may find --sd->sd_opencnt gives zero, and yet
1684 	 * sd->sd_opened is false.  This happens if the vnode is
1685 	 * revoked at the same time as it is being opened, which can
1686 	 * happen when opening a tty blocks indefinitely.  In that
1687 	 * case, we still must call close -- it is the job of close to
1688 	 * interrupt the open.  Either way, the device will be no
1689 	 * longer opened, so we have to clear sd->sd_opened; subsequent
1690 	 * opens will have responsibility for issuing close.
1691 	 *
1692 	 * This has the side effect that the sequence of opens might
1693 	 * happen out of order -- we might end up doing open, open,
1694 	 * close, close, instead of open, close, open, close.  This is
1695 	 * unavoidable with the current devsw API, where open is
1696 	 * allowed to block and close must be able to run concurrently
1697 	 * to interrupt it.  It is the driver's responsibility to
1698 	 * ensure that close is idempotent so that this works.  Drivers
1699 	 * requiring per-open state and exact 1:1 correspondence
1700 	 * between open and close can use fd_clone.
1701 	 */
1702 	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
1703 	KASSERT(sn->sn_opencnt);
1704 	KASSERT(sd->sd_opencnt);
1705 	KASSERTMSG(sn->sn_opencnt <= sd->sd_opencnt,
1706 	    "sn_opencnt=%u > sd_opencnt=%u",
1707 	    sn->sn_opencnt, sd->sd_opencnt);
1708 	sn->sn_opencnt--;
1709 	count = --sd->sd_opencnt;
1710 	if (vp->v_type == VBLK) {
1711 		KASSERTMSG(count == 0, "block device with %u opens",
1712 		    count + 1);
1713 		sd->sd_bdevvp = NULL;
1714 	}
1715 	if (count == 0) {
1716 		KASSERTMSG(sn->sn_opencnt == 0, "sn_opencnt=%u",
1717 		    sn->sn_opencnt);
1718 		KASSERT(!sd->sd_closing);
1719 		sd->sd_opened = false;
1720 		sd->sd_closing = true;
1721 	}
1722 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
1723 
1724 	if (count != 0)
1725 		return 0;
1726 
1727 	/*
1728 	 * If we're able to block, release the vnode lock & reacquire. We
1729 	 * might end up sleeping for someone else who wants our queues. They
1730 	 * won't get them if we hold the vnode locked.
1731 	 */
1732 	if (!(flags & FNONBLOCK))
1733 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
1734 
1735 	/*
1736 	 * If we can cancel all outstanding I/O, then wait for it to
1737 	 * drain before we call .d_close.  Drivers that split up
1738 	 * .d_cancel and .d_close this way need not have any internal
1739 	 * mechanism for waiting in .d_close for I/O to drain.
1740 	 */
1741 	if (vp->v_type == VBLK)
1742 		error = bdev_cancel(dev, flags, mode, curlwp);
1743 	else
1744 		error = cdev_cancel(dev, flags, mode, curlwp);
1745 	if (error == 0)
1746 		spec_io_drain(sd);
1747 	else
1748 		KASSERTMSG(error == ENODEV, "cancel dev=0x%lx failed with %d",
1749 		    (unsigned long)dev, error);
1750 
1751 	if (vp->v_type == VBLK)
1752 		error = bdev_close(dev, flags, mode, curlwp);
1753 	else
1754 		error = cdev_close(dev, flags, mode, curlwp);
1755 
1756 	/*
1757 	 * Wait for all other devsw operations to drain.  After this
1758 	 * point, no bdev/cdev_* can be active for this specdev.
1759 	 */
1760 	spec_io_drain(sd);
1761 
1762 	/*
1763 	 * Wake any spec_open calls waiting for close to finish -- do
1764 	 * this before reacquiring the vnode lock, because spec_open
1765 	 * holds the vnode lock while waiting, so doing this after
1766 	 * reacquiring the lock would deadlock.
1767 	 */
1768 	mutex_enter(&device_lock);
1769 	KASSERT(!sd->sd_opened);
1770 	KASSERT(sd->sd_closing);
1771 	sd->sd_closing = false;
1772 	cv_broadcast(&specfs_iocv);
1773 	mutex_exit(&device_lock);
1774 
1775 	if (!(flags & FNONBLOCK))
1776 		vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
1777 
1778 	return (error);
1779 }
1780 
1781 /*
1782  * Print out the contents of a special device vnode.
1783  */
1784 int
1785 spec_print(void *v)
1786 {
1787 	struct vop_print_args /* {
1788 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1789 	} */ *ap = v;
1790 
1791 	printf("dev %llu, %llu\n", (unsigned long long)major(ap->a_vp->v_rdev),
1792 	    (unsigned long long)minor(ap->a_vp->v_rdev));
1793 	return 0;
1794 }
1795 
1796 /*
1797  * Return POSIX pathconf information applicable to special devices.
1798  */
1799 int
1800 spec_pathconf(void *v)
1801 {
1802 	struct vop_pathconf_args /* {
1803 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1804 		int a_name;
1805 		register_t *a_retval;
1806 	} */ *ap = v;
1807 
1808 	switch (ap->a_name) {
1809 	case _PC_LINK_MAX:
1810 		*ap->a_retval = LINK_MAX;
1811 		return (0);
1812 	case _PC_MAX_CANON:
1813 		*ap->a_retval = MAX_CANON;
1814 		return (0);
1815 	case _PC_MAX_INPUT:
1816 		*ap->a_retval = MAX_INPUT;
1817 		return (0);
1818 	case _PC_PIPE_BUF:
1819 		*ap->a_retval = PIPE_BUF;
1820 		return (0);
1821 	case _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED:
1822 		*ap->a_retval = 1;
1823 		return (0);
1824 	case _PC_VDISABLE:
1825 		*ap->a_retval = _POSIX_VDISABLE;
1826 		return (0);
1827 	case _PC_SYNC_IO:
1828 		*ap->a_retval = 1;
1829 		return (0);
1830 	default:
1831 		return genfs_pathconf(ap);
1832 	}
1833 	/* NOTREACHED */
1834 }
1835 
1836 /*
1837  * Advisory record locking support.
1838  */
1839 int
1840 spec_advlock(void *v)
1841 {
1842 	struct vop_advlock_args /* {
1843 		struct vnode *a_vp;
1844 		void *a_id;
1845 		int a_op;
1846 		struct flock *a_fl;
1847 		int a_flags;
1848 	} */ *ap = v;
1849 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
1850 
1851 	return lf_advlock(ap, &vp->v_speclockf, (off_t)0);
1852 }
1853